PRINCIPAL TRANSACTIONS

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2025

Principal Transactions Revenue, Net [Abstract]

Principal transactions revenue consists of realized and unrealized gains and losses from trading activities. Trading activities include revenues from fixed income, equities, credit and commodities products and foreign exchange transactions that are managed on a portfolio basis and characterized below based on the primary risk managed by each trading desk (as such, the trading desks can be periodically reorganized and thus the risk categories). Not included in the table below is the impact of net interest income related to trading activities, which is an integral part of the profitability of trading

activities (see Note 4 for information about net interest income related to trading activities). Principal transactions include CVA (credit valuation adjustments) and FVA (funding valuation adjustments) on over-the-counter derivatives, and gains (losses) on certain economic hedges on loans in Services, Markets and Banking. These adjustments are discussed further in Note 23.

In certain transactions, Citi incurs fees and presents these fees paid to third parties in operating expenses.

The following table presents Principal transactions revenue:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
In millions of dollars	2025		2024
Interest rate risks(1)	$	644	$	716
Foreign exchange risks(2)	1,696		1,473
Equity risks(3)	1,038		615
Commodity and other risks(4)	359		303
Credit products and risks(5)	184		167
Total	$	3,921	$	3,274

(1) Includes revenues from government securities, municipal securities, mortgage securities and other debt instruments. Also includes spot and forward trading of currencies and exchange-traded and over-the-counter (OTC) currency options, options on fixed income securities, interest rate swaps, currency swaps, swap options, caps and floors, financial futures, OTC options and forward contracts on fixed income securities.

(2) Includes revenues from foreign exchange spot, forward, option and swap contracts, as well as foreign currency translation (FX translation) gains and losses.

(3) Includes revenues from common, preferred and convertible preferred stock, convertible corporate debt, equity-linked notes and exchange-traded and OTC equity options and warrants.

(4) Primarily includes revenues from crude oil, refined oil products, natural gas, metals and other commodities trades.

(5) Includes revenues from corporate debt, secondary trading loans, mortgage securities, single name and index credit default swaps, and structured credit products.