FAIR VALUE ELECTIONS

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Fair Value, Option, Aggregate Differences [Abstract]

The Company may elect to report most financial instruments and certain other items at fair value on an instrument-by-instrument basis with changes in fair value reported in earnings, other than DVA (see below). The election is made upon the initial recognition of an eligible financial asset, financial liability or firm commitment or when certain specified reconsideration events occur. The fair value election may not otherwise be revoked once an election is made. The changes in fair value are recorded in current earnings. Movements in DVA are reported as a component of AOCI.

The Company has elected fair value accounting for its mortgage servicing rights (MSRs). See Note 19 for additional details on Citi’s MSRs. Additional discussion regarding other applicable areas in which fair value elections were made is presented in Note 21.

The following table presents the changes in fair value of those items for which the fair value option has been elected:


		Changes in fair value—gains (losses)
	Three Months Ended March 31,
In millions of dollars		2023		2022
Assets
Securities borrowed and purchased under agreements to resell		$	85	$	(62)
Trading account assets		61		(61)

Loans
Certain corporate loans		(309)		(332)
Certain consumer loans		5		(1)
Total loans		$	(304)	$	(333)
Other assets
MSRs		$	(3)	$	98
Certain mortgage loans HFS(1)		8		(186)
Total other assets		$	5	$	(88)
Total assets		$	(153)	$	(544)
Liabilities
Interest-bearing deposits		$	(134)	$	45
Securities loaned and sold under agreements to repurchase		(68)		77
Trading account liabilities		75		(640)
Short-term borrowings(2)		(142)		132
Long-term debt(2)		(4,349)		6,071
Total liabilities		$	(4,618)	$	5,685

(1)Includes gains (losses) associated with interest rate lock commitments for originated loans for which the Company has elected the fair value option.

(2)Includes DVA that is included in AOCI. See Notes 18 and 21.

Own Debt Valuation Adjustments (DVA)

Own debt valuation adjustments are recognized on Citi’s liabilities for which the fair value option has been elected using Citi’s credit spreads observed in the bond market. Changes in fair value of fair value option liabilities related to changes in Citigroup’s own credit spreads (DVA) are reflected as a component of AOCI. See Note 18 for additional information.

Among other variables, the fair value of liabilities for which the fair value option has been elected (other than non-recourse debt and similar liabilities) is impacted by the narrowing or widening of the Company’s credit spreads.

The estimated changes in the fair value of these non-derivative liabilities due to such changes in the Company’s own credit spread (or instrument-specific credit risk) were a loss of $(433) million and gain of $1,050 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Changes in fair value resulting from changes in instrument-specific credit risk were estimated by incorporating the Company’s current credit spreads observable in the bond market into the relevant valuation technique used to value each liability as described above.

The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities

Selected Portfolios of Securities Purchased Under Agreements to Resell, Securities Borrowed, Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase, Securities Loaned and Certain Uncollateralized Short-Term Borrowings

The Company elected the fair value option for certain portfolios of fixed income securities purchased under agreements to resell and fixed income securities sold under agreements to repurchase, securities borrowed, securities loaned and certain uncollateralized short-term borrowings held primarily by broker-dealer entities in the United States, the United Kingdom and Japan. In each case, the election was made because the related interest rate risk is managed on a portfolio basis, primarily with offsetting derivative instruments that are accounted for at fair value through earnings.

Changes in fair value for transactions in these portfolios are recorded in Principal transactions. The related interest revenue and interest expense are measured based on the contractual rates specified in the transactions and are reported as Interest revenue and Interest expense in the Consolidated Statement of Income.

Certain Loans and Other Credit Products

Citigroup has also elected the fair value option for certain other originated and purchased loans, including certain unfunded loan products, such as guarantees and letters of credit, executed by Citigroup’s lending and trading businesses. None of these credit products are highly leveraged financing commitments. Significant groups of transactions include loans and unfunded loan products that are expected to be either sold or securitized in the near term, or transactions where the economic risks are hedged with derivative instruments, such as purchased credit default swaps or total return swaps where the Company pays the total return on the underlying loans to a third party. Citigroup has elected the fair value option to mitigate accounting mismatches in cases where hedge accounting is complex and to achieve operational simplifications. Fair value was not elected for most lending transactions across the Company.

The following table provides information about certain credit products carried at fair value:


	March 31, 2023				December 31, 2022
In millions of dollars	Trading assets		Loans		Trading assets		Loans
Carrying amount reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheet	$	5,364	$	5,134	$	6,011	$	5,360
Aggregate unpaid principal balance in excess of (less than) fair value	260		125		167		51
Balance of non-accrual loans or loans more than 90 days past due	—		2		—		2
Aggregate unpaid principal balance in excess of (less than) fair value for non-accrual loans or loans more than 90 days past due	—		1		—		—

In addition to the amounts reported above, $641 million and $729 million of unfunded commitments related to certain credit products selected for fair value accounting were outstanding as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

Changes in the fair value of funded and unfunded credit products are classified in Principal transactions in Citi’s Consolidated Statement of Income. Related interest revenue is measured based on the contractual interest rates and reported as Interest revenue on Trading account assets or loan interest depending on the balance sheet classifications of the credit products. The changes in fair value for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 due to instrument-specific credit risk totaled to a gain of $9 million and a loss of $(59) million, respectively. Changes in fair value due to instrument-specific credit risk are estimated based on changes in borrower-specific credit spreads and recovery assumptions.

Certain Investments in Unallocated Precious Metals

Citigroup invests in unallocated precious metals accounts (e.g., gold, silver, platinum and palladium) as part of its commodity and foreign currency trading activities or to economically hedge certain exposures from issuing structured liabilities. Under ASC 815, the investment is bifurcated into a debt host contract and a commodity forward derivative instrument. Citigroup elects the fair value option for the debt host contract, and reports the debt host contract within Trading account assets on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet. The total carrying amount of debt host contracts across unallocated precious metals accounts was approximately $0.3 billion and $0.3 billion at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The amounts are expected to fluctuate based on trading activity in future periods.

As part of its commodity and foreign currency trading activities, Citi trades unallocated precious metals investments and executes forward purchase and forward sale derivative contracts with trading counterparties. When Citi sells an unallocated precious metals investment, Citi’s receivable from its depository bank is repaid and Citi derecognizes its investment in the unallocated precious metal. The forward purchase or sale contract with the trading counterparty indexed to unallocated precious metals is accounted for as a derivative, at fair value through earnings. As of March 31, 2023, there were approximately $25.1 billion and $17.2 billion of notional amounts of such forward purchase and forward sale derivative contracts outstanding, respectively. Changes in the fair values of these investments are recorded in Principal transactions in the Company’s Consolidated Statement of Income.

Certain Investments in Private Equity and

Real Estate Ventures

Citigroup invests in private equity and real estate ventures for the purpose of earning investment returns and for capital appreciation. The Company has elected the fair value option for certain of these ventures, because such investments are considered similar to many private equity or hedge fund activities in Citi’s investment companies, which are reported at fair value. The fair value option brings consistency in the accounting and evaluation of these investments. All investments (debt and equity) in such private equity and real estate entities are accounted for at fair value. These investments are classified as Investments on Citigroup’s Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Changes in the fair values of these investments are classified in Other revenue in the Company’s Consolidated Statement of Income.

Certain Mortgage Loans Held-for-Sale (HFS)

Citigroup has elected the fair value option for certain purchased and originated prime fixed-rate and conforming adjustable-rate first mortgage loans HFS. These loans are intended for sale or securitization and are hedged with derivative instruments. The Company has elected the fair value option to mitigate accounting mismatches in cases where hedge accounting is complex and to achieve operational simplifications.

The following table provides information about certain mortgage loans HFS carried at fair value:


In millions of dollars	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Carrying amount reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheet	$	901	$	793
Aggregate fair value in excess of (less than) unpaid principal balance	6		(10)
Balance of non-accrual loans or loans more than 90 days past due	1		1
Aggregate unpaid principal balance in excess of fair value for non-accrual loans or loans more than 90 days past due	—		—

The changes in the fair values of these mortgage loans are reported in Other revenue in the Company’s Consolidated Statement of Income. There was no net change in fair value during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 due to instrument-specific credit risk. Changes in fair value due to instrument-specific credit risk are estimated based on changes in the borrower default, prepayment and recovery forecasts in addition to instrument-specific credit spread. Related interest income continues to be measured based on the contractual interest rates and reported as Interest revenue in the Consolidated Statement of Income.

Certain Debt Liabilities

The Company has elected the fair value option for certain debt liabilities, because these exposures are considered to be trading-related positions and, therefore, are managed on a fair value basis. These positions are classified as Long-term debt on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet.

The following table provides information about the carrying value of notes carried at fair value, disaggregated by type of risk:


In billions of dollars	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Interest rate linked	$	57.3	$	53.4
Foreign exchange linked	0.1		0.1
Equity linked	47.7		42.5
Commodity linked	5.0		5.0
Credit linked	5.1		5.0
Total	$	115.2	$	106.0

The portion of the changes in fair value attributable to changes in Citigroup’s own credit spreads (DVA) is reflected as a component of AOCI while all other changes in fair value are reported in Principal transactions. Changes in the fair value of these liabilities include accrued interest, which is also included in the change in fair value reported in Principal transactions.

The following table provides information about long-term debt carried at fair value:


In millions of dollars	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Carrying amount reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheet	$	115,168	$	105,995
Aggregate unpaid principal balance in excess of (less than) fair value	(3,146)		(2,944)

The following table provides information about short-term borrowings carried at fair value:


In millions of dollars	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Carrying amount reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheet	$	6,873	$	6,222
Aggregate unpaid principal balance in excess of (less than) fair value	(10)		(9)

- Definition

The entire disclosure for a company's election to apply the fair value option for measurement and reporting of eligible financial assets and liabilities (as defined), as well as certain other eligible items (as defined) included in the statement of financial position, whether such option is elected for a single eligible item or a group of similar eligible items and is in addition to other disclosures concerning fair value which the company may be required to provide. Such disclosure might be expected to include: (1) for items included in the statement of financial position: (a) the reasons for electing a fair value option for each eligible item or group of similar eligible items; (b) if the fair value option is elected for some but not all eligible items within a group of similar eligible items: (i) a description of those similar items and the reasons for partial election and (ii) information of how the group of similar items relates to individual balance sheet line items; (c) for each line item in the statement of financial position that includes an item or items for which the fair value option has been elected: (i) information of how each line item in the statement of financial position relates to major categories of assets and liabilities presented in accordance with other fair value disclosures and (ii) the aggregate carrying amount of ineligible items included in each line item in the balance sheet, if any; (d) the difference between the aggregate fair value and the aggregate unpaid principal balance (assuming contractual principal amounts and fair value option elected) of: (i) loans and long-term receivables (other than securities otherwise reported at fair value) and (ii) long-term debt instruments; (e) for loans held as assets for which the fair value option has been elected: (i) the aggregate fair value of loans that are 90 days or more past due, (ii) if the policy is to recognize interest income separately from other changes in fair value, the aggregate fair value of loans in nonaccrual status, and (iii) the difference between the aggregate fair value and the aggregate unpaid principal balance for loans that are 90 days or more past due, in nonaccrual status, or both; (f) for investments that would have been accounted for under the equity method if the entity had not chosen to apply the fair value option, the information required for such investments, if material either individually or in the aggregate; (2) for items included in the income statement: (a) the amounts of gains and losses from fair value changes included in earnings and in which line in the income statement those gains and losses are reported whether or not combined with gains and losses from items required to be accounted for at fair value; (b) a description of how interest and dividends are measured and where they are reported in the income statement; (c) for loans and other receivables held as assets: (i) the estimated amount of gains or losses included in earnings attributable to changes in instrument-specific credit risk and (ii) how the gains or losses attributable to changes in instrument-specific credit risk were determined; (d) for liabilities with fair values that have been significantly affected during the reporting period by changes in the instrument-specific credit risk: (i) the estimated amount of gains and losses from fair value changes included in earnings that are attributable to changes in the instrument-specific credit risk, (ii) qualitative information about the reasons for those changes, and (iii) how the gains and losses attributable to changes in instrument-specific credit risk were determined; and (3) certain other disclosures as required or determined to be provided.

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