10-K

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-K

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE

SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For The Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2017

Commission File Number: 0-31641

SCI ENGINEERED MATERIALS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Ohio	31-1210318
(State or other jurisdiction of	(I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization)	Identification No.)

2839 Charter Street

Columbus, Ohio 43228

(Address of principal executive offices)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (614) 486-0261

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:	None
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:	Common Stock, without par value (Title of Class)
	OTCQB (Name of each exchange on which registered)

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ¨ No þ

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act. Yes ¨ No þ

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (section 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).

Yes þ No ¨

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (section 229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. þ

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. Large accelerated filer ¨

Accelerated filer ¨ Non-accelerated filer ¨ Smaller reporting company þ Emerging growth company ¨

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes ¨ No þ

The aggregate market value of the Registrant’s common equity held by non-affiliates of the Registrant was approximately $2,633,691 on June 30, 2017. For purposes of this disclosure, shares of common stock held by persons who hold more than 10% of the outstanding shares of common stock and shares held by executive officers and directors of the registrant have been excluded because such persons may be deemed to be affiliates. This determination of executive officer or affiliate status is not necessarily a conclusive determination for other purposes.

There were 4,186,902 shares of the Registrant’s Common Stock outstanding on January 29, 2018.

Documents Incorporated By Reference

Portions of our Proxy Statement for the 2018 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference in Part III.

Table of Contents

		Page
	Part I
Item 1.	Business	3
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	7
Item 1B.	Unresolved Staff Comments	12
Item 2.	Properties	12
Item 3.	Legal Proceedings	12
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	13
	Part II
Item 5.	Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	13
Item 6.	Selected Financial Data	14
Item 7.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	15
Item 7A.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	19
Item 8.	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data	19
Item 9.	Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure	19
Item 9A.	Controls and Procedures	19
Item 9B.	Other Information	20
	Part III
Item 10.	Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance	20
Item 11.	Executive Compensation	21
Item 12.	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters	21
Item 13.	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence	21
Item 14.	Principal Accountant Fees and Services	21
Item 15.	Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules	21
	Signatures	24

Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and Section 26A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The words “anticipate,” “believe,” “expect,” “estimate,” and “project” and similar words and expressions identify forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date hereof. Investors are cautioned that such statements involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from historical or anticipated results due to many factors, including, but not limited to, the factors discussed in “Risk Factors.” The Company undertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements.

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PART I

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

Introduction

SCI Engineered Materials, Inc. (“SCI”, “we” or the “Company”), formerly Superconductive Components, Inc., an Ohio corporation, was incorporated in 1987.  We operate in one segment as a global supplier and manufacturer of advanced materials for Physical Vapor Deposition (“PVD”) Thin Film Applications.  We are focused on markets within the PVD industry including Photonics, Thin Film Solar, Glass, Thin Film Battery and Transparent Electronics.  Substantially all of our revenues are generated from customers with multi-national operations.  We have made a considerable resource investment in the Thin Film Solar industry and a number of customers have adopted our products.  Thin Film Battery is a developing market where manufacturers of batteries use our products to produce power supplies. Through collaboration with end users and Original Equipment Manufacturers the Company develops innovative customized solutions enabling commercial success.

History of the Company

The late Dr. Edward Funk, Sc.D., and his late wife Ingeborg founded SCI in 1987. Dr. Funk, formerly a Professor of Metallurgy at The Ohio State University and a successful entrepreneur, envisioned significant market potential for the then newly discovered High Temperature Superconductivity (“HTS”) material YBCO (T_c of 90^o K). Our first product was a 99.999% pure, co-precipitated YBCO 1-2-3 powder. Over the years we expanded our product line by adding other High T_c Powders, sintered shapes, single crystal substrates, and non-superconducting sputtering targets. At this time we are not pursuing this market but these early years of development is the foundation on which our material science experience is built.

We opened a subdivision, Target Materials Inc. (“TMI”), in 1991 to supply the increasing worldwide demand for sputtering and laser ablation targets. We became a full service manufacturer of high performance thin film materials, providing a wide selection of metals, ceramics, and alloys for sputtering targets, evaporation sources, and other PVD applications. We served the Research & Development market as well as the Industrial and Decorative Coating markets. During this time, we began to manufacture targets for the Photovoltaic, Flat Panel Display, and Semiconductor industries.

SCI and TMI were merged in 2002. We continued to manufacture complex ceramic, metal, and alloy products for the photonic, photovoltaic, thin film battery, media storage, flat panel display, and semiconductor industries.

In January 2017, we received ISO 9001:2015 registration, an internationally recognized quality standard. We received ISO 9001:2008 registration in April 2010 and prior to April 2010 we were ISO 9001:2000 registered.

Throughout much of our history, we have conducted funded research primarily under grants from entities such as the Department of Energy, the National Science Foundation, NASA, and the Ohio Development Services Agency (formerly known as the Ohio Department of Development). These activities are generally limited to funded research that is consistent with our focus on near term commercial applications in our principal markets.

For three decades we have been developing considerable expertise in the development and manufacturing ramp-up of innovative materials, such as Transparent Conductive Oxides for Thin Film Solar applications and targets for thin film batteries. Today, we serve a diverse base of domestic and multi-national corporations, universities, and leading research institutions. We actively seek to partner with organizations to provide solutions for difficult material challenges.

Business

We are a supplier of materials to the PVD industry. Our customers need our materials to produce nano layers of metals and oxides for advanced material systems. Applications for PVD coatings range from everyday items to complex computer processors. Every day applications include transparent anti-scratch coatings on eyeglasses, coatings on kitchen faucets, as well as low emissivity glass for household windows. More technically advanced applications for our products include semiconductors, thin film solar, flat panel displays, photonics and an emerging technology - Thin Film Battery.

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We continue to pursue niche opportunities where our core competencies give us an advantage and that fit our manufacturing capabilities. This disciplined approach enables us to focus on those opportunities that are the best fit for our capabilities and also offer the greatest long-term return. Considerations include our core strengths, resource requirements, and time-to-market.

Photonics currently represents the largest market for our materials. Our customers are continually identifying new materials that improve the utility of optical coatings. This includes improvements in their ability to focus, filter or reflect light, all of which increase the potential demand for the types and amounts of products we sell in this market. Photonic applications continue to expand as new methods are found to manipulate light waves to enhance the various applications for light.

We have developed products for the Thin Film Solar (“TFS”) market. We are well positioned in the TFS area having supplied materials to that market for over twenty years from the early stages of TFS development. We continue to increase our visibility in the global arena by attending various trade shows targeted at the solar market. We have added representatives for Korea, China, and Taiwan. Market expansion is expected to continue in 2018 and we are poised to benefit, with minimal capital additions, as TFS grows. We see increased opportunities in both domestic and foreign markets.

We continued to develop TCO systems for the solar and glass markets and added domestic and international customers for these products. Despite short term uncertainties, the solar industry is projected to have strong growth for the next few decades. The TFS market, which we serve, is expected to gain market share in roof applications with low weight flexible products, vehicles and mobile devices during that period. Given current market opportunities, we continue to invest in research and development, marketing, and sales.

Thin Film Battery is a developing market where manufacturers of batteries use our lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) targets as a key element to produce power supplies with small quantities of stored energy. A typical Thin Film Battery would be produced via PVD with five or more thin layers. Following several years of industry developments, some Thin Film Battery customers announced their batteries are commercially available. Our customers anticipate the unique properties of these batteries could be used in applications in wearable electronic devices, integrated circuits, RFID, smart cards, hand held and flexible electronics and many other applications.

We continue to invest in developing new products for all current markets which includes accelerating time to market.

For the year ended December 31, 2017, we had total revenue of $6,801,365. This was an increase of $1,335,766, or 24.4% compared to 2016. The increase was due to increased sales of solar products, pricing and product mix.

Our largest customer represented approximately 72% of total revenues in 2017 and 53% in 2016.

Marketing and Sales

Europe and Asia, as well as the Americas, have high demand for sputtering targets. We continue to expand our global marketing reach. We have a manufacturer’s representative in the Korean market as well as the Taiwan and China markets. We use various distribution channels to reach end user markets, including direct sales by our employees, independent manufacturers’ representatives in the United States, and independent distributors and manufacturers’ representatives for international markets. Also, the internet provides tremendous reach for new customers to be able to identify us as a source of their product needs.

In October 2016, we launched a new corporate website, www.sciengineeredmaterials.com, with increased content and functionality. The new website is designed to serve customers, suppliers and investors with additional information in an easy to use format and includes expanded mobile access. There are also social media components, including LinkedIn®, Google Plus and Facebook®, to enhance the Company’s visibility and communication with all stakeholders. For customers and suppliers, there is expanded information about our product focus as well as a library of detailed product data sheets that will continue to be updated and added going forward. Investors can continue to access current and archived information about the Company utilizing multiple electronic platforms.

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Ceramics

We are capable of producing ceramic powders via several different processing techniques including solid state and precipitation. Ceramic targets can also be produced in a variety of ways depending on the end user applications. Production techniques include sintering, cold isostatic pressing and hot pressing.

Most of our products are manufactured from component chemicals and metal oxides supplied by various vendors. If we suddenly lost the services of a supplier, there could be a disruption in our manufacturing process until the supplier was replaced. We have identified several firms as potential back-up suppliers that would be capable of supplying these materials to us as necessary.

Metals

In addition to the ceramic targets previously mentioned, we produce metal sputtering targets and backing plates. The targets are often bonded to the backing plates for application in the PVD industry. These targets can be produced by casting, hot pressing and machining of metals and metal alloys depending on the application.

Applications for metal targets are highly varied from applying decorative coatings for end uses such as sink faucets to the production of various electronic, photonic and semiconductor products.

We purchase various metals of reasonable high purity (often above 99.9%) for our applications. We are not dependent on a single source for these metals and do not believe losing a vendor would materially affect our business.

We have continually added production processes and testing equipment to enable us to manufacture and qualify many product compositions that can be used as PVD materials.

Competition

We have a number of domestic and international competitors in both the ceramic and metal fields, many of whom have resources far in excess of our resources. Tosoh, Materion Corporation and Kurt Lesker are competing suppliers in regard to targets.

Suppliers

Principal suppliers in 2017 were Johnson Matthey, Six Nine Materials and Silicon-HQ. In every case, we have established alternate vendors that can be used to ensure availability of required materials. As volume grows, we may enter into alliances or purchasing contracts with these or other vendors.

Research and Development

We are developing sputtering targets for transparent electronic applications, which could be used to produce transparent thin film transistors via PVD processing. We have ongoing development for product improvements and new Transparent Conductive Oxide (TCO) for Thin Film Solar and wide area coating applications. Much of the development for these new products is based on doping zinc oxide (ZnO). We have developed considerable expertize working with ZnO from our aluminum zinc oxide (AZO) development. We are also developing a dielectric material for semiconductor applications. We focus our research and development efforts in areas that build on our core competencies.

We have new materials under development that may replace the Cadmium Sulfide buffer layer in CIGS solar cells. These materials were tested at Case Western Reserve University and the results support the use of our innovative material in thin film solar applications that could lead to higher efficiencies.

We may seek funded research opportunities within our core competencies that maintain and expand technical understanding within our company.

We had a collaborative program with Kent State University to evaluate our TCO materials in liquid crystal display applications which began in 2014 and ended during 2016.

We have certain proprietary knowledge and trade secrets related to the manufacture of metal and metal oxide PVD materials.

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New Product Initiatives

We continue to develop TCO target materials for the Thin Film Solar market in partnership with both original equipment manufacturers and Thin Film Solar Cell panel fabricators.  A combination of Third Frontier grants and loans provided by the Ohio Department of Development and the Ohio Air Quality Development Authority enabled us to accelerate both our development of new products and expanding our manufacturing capacity to meet demands in an evolving marketplace. In addition, we have developed a Zinc Magnesium Oxide material that may be used as a buffer layer material in Copper Indium Gallium Diselenide (CIGS) solar cells.

Our research and development team includes two Ph.D.’s. One member of the team has a degree in material science and the other holds a doctorate in Physics. This diverse knowledge base is essential for our products to be successful. Our team provides a deeper understanding of the optical and electrical properties in the various applications. The applications in which we are involved require a deeper understanding than only the material properties.

We continue to pursue research and development opportunities with respect to new and innovative materials and processes to be used in connection with the production of solid state Thin Film Batteries.  Presently, there are a few manufacturers of Thin Film Batteries in the United States, each in various stages of development from prototype to commercial activity.  In addition, globally there are several firms and research institutes conducting tests on Thin Film Batteries.  We believe this market may potentially become large with growth expected during the next few years.  There are numerous applications for Thin Film Batteries, including, but not limited to, active RFID tags, battery on chip, portable electronics, medical implant devices, remote sensors and wearable devices.  Given the many potential uses for Thin Film Batteries, we anticipate that the market for materials will grow in direct proportion to the Thin Film Battery market itself. We currently face competition from other producers of materials used in connection with the manufacture of Thin Film Batteries. We believe that we have certain competitive advantages in terms of quality.  We intend to actively market our materials to Thin Film Battery producers in the upcoming year in order to maintain our strong presence in this market. 

Intellectual Property

We have received a patent for Fine-Particle Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O Having High Phase Purity made by a Chemical Precipitation and Low-Pressure Calcination method from the United States Patent and Trademark Office.  We also have received a patent for a process to join two individual strongly linked super-conductors utilizing a melt processing technique.

We have the rights to multiple patent applications and any subsequent patents for technology related to the application of Zinc Oxide based Transparent Conductive Oxide in Displays.

In 2017, we filed an application for a patent for Process for the Removal of Chromium Contaminants from Ruthenium Sputtering Target Substrates.

In the future, we may submit additional patent applications covering various inventions which have been developed by us.  Because the publication of U.S. patent applications can be delayed for up to one year, they tend to lag behind actual discoveries and we may not be the first creator of inventions covered by pending patent applications or the first to file patent applications for such inventions.  Additionally, other parties may independently develop similar technologies, duplicate our technologies or, if patents are issued to us or rights licensed by us, design around the patented aspects of any technologies we developed or licensed.

We rely on a combination of patent and trademark law, license agreements, internal procedures and nondisclosure agreements to protect our intellectual property.  Unfortunately, these may be invalidated, circumvented or challenged.  In addition, the laws of some foreign countries in which our products may be produced or sold may not protect our intellectual property rights to the same extent as the laws of the United States.

Employees

We had 18 full-time employees as of December 31, 2017. One of these employees holds a PhD in Material Science and another holds a PhD in Physics. One of these individuals has expertise in application for the Display market. We have never experienced a work stoppage and consider our relations with employees to be good. The employees do not have a bargaining unit.

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Environmental Matters

We handle all materials according to federal, state and local environmental regulations and include Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) with all shipments to customers.  We maintain a collection of MSDS sheets for all raw materials used in the manufacture of products and maintenance of equipment and insure that all personnel follow the handling instructions contained in the MSDS for each material.  We contract with a reputable fully permitted hazardous waste disposal company to dispose of the small amount of hazardous waste generated.

Collections and Write-offs

We collected receivables in an average of 37 days in 2017. We have occasionally been forced to write-off negligible amount of accounts receivable as uncollectible. There were none in 2017 and 2016. We consider credit management critical to our success.

Seasonal Trends

We have not experienced and do not expect to experience seasonal trends in future business operations.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

We desire to take advantage of the “safe harbor” provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. The following factors have affected or could affect actual results and could cause such results to differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statements made. Investors should consider carefully the following risks and speculative factors inherent in and affecting the business of SCI and an investment in our common stock.

We have limited marketing and sales capabilities.

We continue to develop our marketing in Asia. We have a manufacturing representative for the Korean market and others for the Taiwanese and Chinese markets. We must continue to develop appropriate marketing, sales, technical, customer service and distribution capabilities, or enter into agreements with third parties to provide these services to successfully market our products. A failure to develop these capabilities or obtain third-party agreements could adversely affect us.

A substantial portion of our sales has been dependent upon one principal customer, the loss of whom could materially negatively affect the Company’s total sales.

One customer has grown to account for approximately 72% of our net sales for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017. Although this customer has been an on-going major customer of the Company for several years we do not have written agreements with this customer that require any minimum purchase obligations and the customer could stop buying the Company’s products at any time and for any reason. A reduction, delay or cancellation of orders from this customer or the loss of this customer could significantly reduce our future revenues and profits. We cannot provide assurance that this customer or any of our other current customers will continue to place orders, that orders by existing customers will continue at current or historical levels or that we will be able to obtain orders from new customers.

Our success depends on our ability to retain key management personnel.

Our success depends in large part on our ability to attract and retain highly qualified management, administrative, manufacturing, sales, and research and development personnel. Due to the specialized nature of our business, it may be difficult to locate and hire qualified personnel. The loss of services of one of our executive officers or other key personnel, or our failure to attract and retain other executive officers or key personnel could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition. Dan Rooney, our chief executive officer has an employment agreement with the Company that contains non-competition provisions as well as severance payments.  All other key management personnel have entered into non-competition agreements with the Company. Although we have been successful in planning for and retaining highly capable and qualified successor management in the past, there can be no assurance that we will be able to do so in the future.

We have a history of operating losses and may incur losses in the future.

For the year ended December 31, 2017, we had income from operations of $49,121 compared to loss from operations of $660,960 for the year ended December 31, 2016. We provide no assurances that we will be able to operate profitably in the future. Operating expenses were $1,528,430 and $1,745,361 during 2017 and 2016, respectively. This was a decrease of $216,931, or 12.4%. The Company reduced expenses through various cost-cutting measures. We continue to invest in developing new products for all of our markets including transparent conductive oxide systems within the thin film solar industry. We also have ongoing development efforts with our thin film battery materials and transparent electronic products. These efforts include accelerating time to market for those products and involve ongoing research and development expense.

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As of December 31, 2017, we had an accumulated deficit of approximately $10,455,000. Management’s plans with respect to the objective of improving liquidity and profitability in future years include continuing to expand our business into new and current markets for our products, developing new products and increasing our revenue and presence in those markets. Management believes the actions that began during the last few years and continue today provide the opportunity for improved liquidity and profitability. However, no assurances are made that such actions will result in sustained profitability.

Our competitors have far greater financial and other resources than us.

The market for PVD materials is a substantial market with significant competition in both ceramic and metal materials. While we believe that our products enjoy certain competitive advantages in design, function, quality, and availability, considerable competition exists from well-established firms such as Materion Corporation, Kurt Lesker and Tosoh, all of which have more financial resources than us. We cannot provide assurance that developments by others will not render our products or technologies obsolete or less competitive.

Our patents and proprietary rights may not be enforceable.

We rely on a combination of patent and trademark law, license agreements, internal procedures and nondisclosure agreements to protect our intellectual property. These may be invalidated, circumvented or challenged. In addition, the laws of some foreign countries in which our products may be produced or sold may not protect our intellectual property rights to the same extent as the laws of the United States. Our failure to protect our proprietary information could adversely affect us.

Rights we have to patents and pending patent applications may be challenged.

During 2016 we were granted a federal trademark for “SCI Engineered Materials” and during 2015 we were granted a federal trademark for “the Science of Engineered Materials”.

We have received, from the United States Patent and Trademark Office, a patent for Fine-Particle Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O Having High Phase Purity made by a Chemical Precipitation and Low-Pressure Calcination method, and have also received a patent for a process to join two individual strongly linked super-conductors utilizing a melt processing technique. In the future, we may submit additional patent applications covering various applications. The patent applications that we may file in the future may not result in patents being issued, and any patents issued may not afford meaningful protection against competitors with similar technology, and may be challenged by third parties.

Because U.S. patent applications are maintained in secret until patents are issued, and because publications of discoveries in the scientific or patent literature tend to lag behind actual discoveries by several months, we may not be the first creator of inventions covered by issued patents or pending patent applications or the first to file patent applications for such inventions. Moreover, other parties may independently develop similar technologies, duplicate our technologies or, if patents are issued to us or rights licensed by us, design around the patented aspects of any technologies we developed or licensed. We may have to participate in interference proceedings declared by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office to determine the priority of inventions, which could result in substantial costs. Litigation may also be necessary to enforce any patents held by or issued to us or to determine the scope and validity of others' proprietary rights, which could result in substantial costs.

The rapid technological changes of our industry may adversely affect us if we do not keep pace with advancing technology.

The PVD market is characterized by rapidly advancing technology. Our success depends on our ability to keep pace with advancing technology and processes and industry standards. We have focused our development efforts on sputtering targets. We intend to continue to develop innovative materials and integrate those advances to the thin film coatings industry. However, our development efforts may be rendered obsolete by research efforts and technological advances made by others, and materials other than those we currently use may prove more advantageous.

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Additional development of our products may be necessary due to uncertainty regarding development of markets.

Some of our products are in the early stages of commercialization and we believe that it will be several years before these products will have significant commercial end-use applications, and that significant development work may be necessary to improve the commercial feasibility and acceptance of these products. There can be no assurance that we will be able to commercialize any of the products currently under development.

The market for the Thin Film Battery materials is still in development. At present, we have customers for the materials we produce for Thin Film Batteries.  Since we have begun producing materials for the Thin Film Battery market, we have experienced no problems securing the supplies needed to produce the materials.  We do not anticipate supply problems in the near future.  However, changes in production methods and advancing technologies could render our current products obsolete and new production protocols may require supplies that are less available in the marketplace, which may cause a slowing or complete halt to production as well as expanding costs which we may or may not be able to pass on to our customers. Some of our materials are in early stages of development for Thin Film Solar (TFS) applications. The TFS market is expected to grow during the next several years.

Changes in the strategies of key trade customers may adversely affect our business.

Our products are sold in a highly competitive global marketplace which continues to experience increased concentration. We may be negatively affected by changes in the strategies of our trade customers, such as inventory de-stocking, limitations on access to shelf space, delisting of our products, and other conditions. If we lose a key customer or if sales of our products to a key customer materially decrease, our financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected.

If Thin Film Solar technology is not suitable for widespread adoption or takes longer to develop than we anticipate, our sales may not be sufficient to achieve profitability.

The Thin Film Solar energy market that we supply is at a relatively early stage of development, and the extent to which thin film solar modules and flexible products will be widely adopted is uncertain. Although the industry has experienced rapid growth, overcapacity in the market created difficulties for some of our current and potential customers in the Thin Film Solar industry. Adoption of our products by parts of this market is important to our long term growth. If the technology proves unsuitable for widespread adoption at economically attractive rates of return or if demand for Thin Film Solar modules fails to develop sufficiently or takes longer to develop than we anticipate, we may be unable to grow our business or generate sufficient sales to achieve profitability.

Our failure to comply with our debt covenants could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Our debt agreements contain certain covenants. A breach of any of these covenants could result in a default under the applicable agreement. In the past our lenders have granted us a waiver or amendment when we sought relief from covenants. If a default were to occur, we would likely seek a waiver of that default, attempt to reset the covenant, or refinance the instrument and accompanying obligations. If we were unable to obtain this relief, the default could result in the acceleration of the total due related to that debt obligation. If a default were to occur, we may not be able to pay our debts or borrow sufficient funds to refinance them. Any of these events, if they occur, could materially adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows. We expect to retire the two remaining notes during 2018 that contain covenants.

A lack of credit and/or limited financing availability to the Company, its vendors, dealers, or end users could adversely affect our business.

Our liquidity and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected if our ability to borrow money from new or existing lenders to finance our operations is reduced or eliminated. Similar adverse effects may also result if we realize reduced credit availability from trade creditors. Additionally, many of our customers require availability of financing to facilitate the purchase of our products. As a result, a continuing period of reduced credit availability in the marketplace could have adverse effects on our business.

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Environmental compliance costs and liabilities associated with our facility may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

We are subject to various federal, state and local environmental and health and safety laws and regulations with respect to our operations. These laws and regulations address various matters, including asbestos, fuel oil management, wastewater discharges, air emissions, and hazardous wastes. The costs of complying with these laws and regulations and the penalties for non-compliance can be substantial. For example, with respect to leased property, we may be held liable for costs relating to the investigation and cleanup of our leased property from which there has been a release or threatened release of a regulated material as well as other properties affected by the release. In addition to these costs, which are typically not limited by law or regulation and could exceed the property’s value, we could be liable for certain other costs, including, without limitation, governmental fines and injuries to persons, property or natural resources. Further, some environmental laws create a lien on the contaminated site in favor of the government for damages and the costs it incurs in connection with the contamination. While we are not aware of any potential environmental problems, no assurances are made that such problems and costs associated with them will not arise in the future. If any of our properties were found to violate environmental laws, we may be required to expend significant amounts of time and money to rehabilitate the property, and we may be subject to significant liability. Any environmental compliance costs and liabilities incurred may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Disaster and other adverse events may seriously harm our business.

Our manufacturing facility may suffer harm as a result of natural or man-made disasters such as storms, earthquakes, hurricanes, tornadoes, floods, fires, terrorist attacks and other conditions. Such events may disrupt our operations, harm our operations and employees, severely damage or destroy our facility, harm our business, reputation and financial performance, or otherwise cause our business to suffer in ways that cannot currently be predicted.

Our business requires us to make capital expenditures to maintain and improve our facilities.

Our facilities sometimes require capital expenditures to address ongoing required maintenance and upgrade our capabilities. In addition, we often are required to make significant capital expenditures in order to satisfy customer requirements and to produce newly developed products.

Takeover defense provisions in Ohio law and our corporate governance documents may delay or prevent takeover attempts preventing our shareholders from realizing a premium on their stock.

Various provisions of the Ohio corporation laws as well as our corporate governance documents may inhibit changes in control not approved by our Board of Directors and may have the effect of depriving our investors of an opportunity to receive a premium over the prevailing market price of our common stock in the event of an attempted hostile takeover. In addition, the existence of these provisions may adversely affect the market price of our common stock. These provisions include:

· A requirement that a special meeting of the shareholders must be called by our Board of Directors, Chairman, the President or the holders of shares with voting powers of at least fifty percent (50%);

· Advanced notice requirements for shareholder proposals and nominations; and

· The availability of “blank check preferred stock.”

Our Board of Directors can use these and other provisions to prevent, delay or discourage a change in control of the company or a change in our management. Any such delay or prevention of a change in control of management could deter potential acquirers or prevent the completion of a takeover transaction to which our shareholders could receive a substantial premium over the current market price of our common stock, which may in turn limit the price investors might be willing to pay for our common stock.

Provisions in our Articles of Incorporation and Code of Regulations provide for indemnification of officers and directors which could require us to divert funds away from our business and operations.

Our Articles of Incorporation and Code of Regulations provide for the indemnification of our officers and directors. We may be required to advance costs incurred by an officer or director to pay judgments, fines and expenses incurred by an officer or director, including reasonable attorneys’ fees, as a result of actions or proceedings in which our officers and directors are involved by reason being or having been an officer or director of our company. Funds paid in satisfaction of judgments, fines, and expenses may be funds we need for operation and growth of our business.

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The market for our common stock is limited, and as such our shareholders may have difficulty reselling their shares when desired or at attractive market prices.

Our stock price, trading volume, and our listing may make it more difficult for our shareholders to resell shares when desired or at attractive prices. In 2001, our stock began trading on The Over the Counter Bulletin Board, now known as the OTC Markets. Our common stock trades in low volumes and at low prices. Some investors view low-priced stocks as unduly speculative and therefore not appropriate candidates for investment. Many institutional investors have internal policies prohibiting the purchase or maintenance of positions in low-priced stocks. This has the effect of limiting the pool of potential purchases of our common stock at present price levels. Shareholders may find greater percentage spreads between bid and asked prices, and more difficulty in completing transactions and higher transaction costs when buying or selling our common stock than they would if our stock were listed on a major stock exchange, such as The New York Stock Exchange or The NASDAQ National Market.

Our common stock has been subject to the Securities and Exchange Commission’s “penny stock” regulations, which may limit the liquidity of common stock held by our shareholders.

Effective January 1, 2017, due to OTCQX rule changes, our common stock began trading on the OTC Markets’ OTCQB market under the symbol “SCIA”. Prior to this date our common stock traded on the OTC Markets’ OTCQX Market Tier under the same symbol. Based on its trading price, our common stock is considered a “penny stock” for purposes of federal securities laws, and therefore has been subject to regulations, which affected the ability of broker-dealers to sell our securities. Broker-dealers who recommend a “penny stock” to persons (other than established customers and accredited investors) must make a special written suitability determination and receive the purchaser’s written agreement to a transaction prior to sale.

If penny stock regulations apply to our common stock, it may be difficult to trade the stock because compliance with the regulations can delay and/or preclude certain trading transactions. Broker-dealers may be discouraged from effecting transactions in common stock because of the sales practice and disclosure requirements for penny stock. This could adversely affect the liquidity and/or price of our common stock, and impede the sale of the common stock in the secondary market.

The increasing costs of being a public company may strain our resources and impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.

As a public company, we are subject to reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended or the Exchange Act, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or the Sarbanes Oxley Act and the 2010 Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, or the Dodd-Frank Act. The Exchange Act requires that we file annual, quarterly and current reports with respect to our business and financial condition. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires that we maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls for financial reporting. We are required to document and test our internal control procedures in order to satisfy the requirements of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which requires annual management assessments of the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting. The Dodd-Frank Act requires us to audit our supply chain and report conflict minerals usage.

These requirements may place a strain on our systems and resources in the future and may require us to hire additional accounting and financial staff with the appropriate public company experience and technical accounting knowledge. In addition, the failure to maintain such internal controls could result in us being unable to provide timely and reliable financial information which could potentially subject us to sanctions or investigations by the Securities and Exchange Commission or events could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. Although we have taken steps to maintain our internal control structure as required by the Exchange Act and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, we cannot provide any assurances that control deficiencies will not occur in the future.

Regulation from the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”) could adversely affect our business or financial results.

Changes in regulatory requirements, such as the reporting requirements relating to conflict minerals originating in the Democratic Republic of Congo or adjoining countries included in the Dodd-Frank Act, or evolving interpretations of existing regulatory requirements, may result in increased compliance cost, capital expenditures and other financial obligations that could adversely affect our business or financial results. We conducted an analysis of our products and found that the above SEC defined “conflict minerals”, which are tantalum, tin, tungsten, and gold (3TG), can be found in our products. Therefore, the products that we manufacture are subject to the reporting obligations of Rule 13p-1.

Despite having conducted a good faith reasonable country of origin inquiry, we concluded that our supply chain remains “DRC conflict undeterminable”. We have reached this conclusion because we have been unable to determine the origin of all of the 3TG used. We will continue to work with our suppliers. Should the regulations or our analysis change, it could impact the sourcing of materials that we use to manufacture our products.

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Our business could be negatively impacted by cyber and other security threats or disruptions.

We face various cyber and other security threats, including attempts to gain unauthorized access to sensitive information and networks; insider threats; threats to the safety of our directors, officers and employees; threats to the security of our facilities and infrastructure; and threats from terrorist acts or other acts of aggression. Our customers and vendors face similar threats. Although we utilize various procedures and controls to monitor and mitigate the risk of these threats, there can be no assurance that these procedures and controls will be sufficient. Our security measures may also be breached due to employee error, malfeasance, system errors or vulnerabilities, or otherwise. Additionally, outside parties may attempt to fraudulently induce employees, users, or customers to disclose sensitive information in order to gain access to our data or our user’s or customer’s data. These threats could lead to losses of sensitive information or capabilities, harm to personnel, infrastructure or products, and/or damage to our reputation as well as our vendor’s ability to perform on our contracts.

Cyber threats are evolving and include, but are not limited to, malicious software, destructive malware, attempts to gain unauthorized access to data, disruption or denial of service attacks, and other electronic security breaches that could lead to disruptions in critical systems, unauthorized release of confidential, personal or otherwise protected information (ours or that of our employees, customers or vendors), and corruption of data, networks or systems.

The impact of these factors is difficult to predict, but one or more of them could result in the loss of information or capabilities, harm to individuals or property, damage to our reputation, loss of business, regulatory actions and potential liability, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations and/or cash flows.

Our Articles of Incorporation authorize us to issue additional shares of stock.

We are authorized to issue up to 15,000,000 shares of common stock, which may be issued by our Board of Directors for such consideration, as they may consider sufficient without seeking shareholder approval. As of December 31, 2017, we had 4,185,839 shares outstanding and 303,829 shares underlying options that are currently exercisable resulting in 10,510,332 shares of common stock available for issue. The issuance of additional shares of common stock in the future may reduce the proportionate ownership and voting power of current shareholders.

Our Articles of Incorporation authorize us to issue up to 260,000 shares of preferred stock. The issuance of preferred stock in the future could create additional securities which would have dividend and liquidation preferences prior to the outstanding shares of common stock. These provisions could also impede a non-negotiated change in control. As of December 31, 2017, we had 24,152 shares of Series B Preferred Stock issued and outstanding.

We have not paid dividends on our common stock in the past and do not expect to do so in the future.

We have never declared or paid cash dividends on our shares of common stock and do not expect to do so in the foreseeable future. We intend to retain future earnings for use in the business. As a result, investors must rely on sales of the common stock after price appreciation, which may not occur, as the only way to realize future gains on their investments.

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS.

Not applicable.

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES.

Our office and manufacturing facilities are located at 2839 Charter Street, Columbus, Ohio, where we occupy approximately 32,000 square feet. We moved our operations into this facility in 2004. The lease on the property expires on November 30, 2024.

We are current on all operating lease liabilities.

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.

Not applicable.

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ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

PART II

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES.

Market for Common Stock

Effective January 1, 2017, due to OTCQX rule changes, our common stock began trading on the OTC Markets’ OTCQB market under the symbol “SCIA”. Prior to this date our common stock traded on the OTC Markets’ OTCQX Market Tier under the same symbol.

The following table sets forth for the periods indicated the high and low bid quotations for our common stock.

	High		Low
Fiscal 2016
Quarter Ended March 31, 2016	$	0.95	$	0.78
Quarter Ended June 30, 2016		0.95		0.64
Quarter Ended September 30, 2016		0.88		0.57
Quarter Ended December 31, 2016		0.85		0.40
Fiscal 2017
Quarter Ended March 31, 2017	$	0.96	$	0.41
Quarter Ended June 30, 2017		0.95		0.53
Quarter Ended September 30, 2017		1.16		0.75
Quarter Ended December 31, 2017		1.55		0.85

The quotations provided herein may reflect inter-dealer prices without retail mark-up, markdown, or commissions, and may not represent actual transactions.

Based on its trading price, our common stock is considered a “penny stock” for purposes of federal securities laws, and therefore has been subject to certain regulations, which are summarized below.

Our common stock is classified as a penny stock and as such, broker dealers trading our common stock will be subject to the disclosure rules for transactions involving penny stocks, which require the broker dealer to determine if purchasing our common stock is suitable for a particular investor. The broker dealer must also obtain the written consent of purchasers to purchase our common stock. The broker dealer must also disclose the best bid and offer prices available for our stock and the price at which the broker dealer last purchased or sold our common stock. These additional burdens imposed on broker dealers may discourage them from effecting transactions in our common stock, which could make it difficult for an investor to sell their shares.

Holders of Record

As of December 31, 2017, there were approximately 270 holders of record of our common stock and 4,185,839 shares outstanding. At December 31, 2017 there were approximately 40 holders of Series B Preferred stock and 24,152 shares outstanding.

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Dividends

We have never paid cash dividends on our common stock and do not expect to pay any dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. We intend to retain future earnings for use in the business.

Equity Compensation Plan Information

The following table sets forth additional information as of December 31, 2017, concerning shares of our common stock that may be issued upon the exercise of options and rights under our existing equity compensation plans and arrangements approved by our shareholders. The information includes the number of shares covered by and the weighted average exercise price of, outstanding options and other rights, and the number of shares remaining available for future grants (excluding the shares to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options and other rights).

	Number of Securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options and rights (a)		Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options and rights (b)		Number of securities remaining available for issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a)) (c)
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders		381,447	$	4.54		468,553

Equity compensation plans approved by shareholders include our 2011 Stock Option Plan and 2006 Stock Option Plan.

ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA.

Not applicable.

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.

Executive Summary

For the year ended December 31, 2017, we had total revenue of $6,801,365. This was an increase of $1,335,766, or 24.4%, compared to the year ended December 31, 2016. Gross profit was $1,577,551 for the year ended December 31, 2017 compared to $1,084,401 for 2016. Gross profit as a percentage of revenue (gross margin) was 23.2% for 2017 compared to 19.8% for 2016. Increased sales of solar products, pricing and product mix benefited revenue, gross profit and gross margin.

Operating expenses were $1,528,430 and $1,745,361 for the twelve months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. This was a decrease of $216,931, or 12.4%. The decrease was primarily related to the restructuring of our sales department late in 2016 and additional cost cutting measures which were implemented during the second half of 2016.

For the year ended December 31, 2017, we had net income after income taxes of $6,091 compared to net loss after income taxes of $706,054 for the year ended December 31, 2016. The improvement was due to the increased gross profit and the reduction in operating expenses.

We have new materials under development that may replace the Cadmium Sulfide buffer layer in CIGS solar cells. These materials were tested at Case Western Reserve University and the results support the use of our innovative material in thin film solar applications that could lead to higher efficiencies. We continue to invest in developing new products for all of our markets including transparent conductive oxide systems for the thin film solar and display markets. We also have ongoing development efforts with our thin film battery materials and transparent electronic products. These efforts include accelerating time to market for those products and involve research and development expense.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Year 2017 compared to Year 2016

Revenue

For the year ended December 31, 2017, we had total revenue of $6,801,365 compared to $5,465,599 for the year ended December 31, 2016. This was an increase of $1,335,766, or 24.4%, compared to the year ended December 31, 2016. Increased sales of solar products, pricing and product mix contributed to the higher revenue.

Revenue from product sales is recognized based on shipping terms or upon shipment to customers. Provisions for discounts and rework costs for returns are established when products are shipped based on historical experience. Customer deposits represent cash received in advance of revenue earned.

Gross Profit

Gross profit was $1,577,551 for the year ended December 31, 2017 compared to $1,084,401 for the year ended December 31, 2016. This was an increase of $493,150, or 45.5%. Gross margin was 23.2% for 2017 compared to 19.8% for 2016. As previously mentioned, the increase was related to increased sales of solar products, pricing, and product mix.

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General and Administrative Expense

General and administrative expense for the twelve months ended December 31, 2017 decreased to $1,021,155 from $1,080,380 for the twelve months ended December 31, 2016, or 5.5%. This decrease was primarily related to lower compensation and related expenses of approximately $45,000 as a result of the cost cutting measures implemented in 2016.

Professional Fees

Included in general and administrative expense was $180,132 and $192,122 for professional fees for the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. These ongoing expenses are primarily related to SEC compliance costs for legal, accounting and stockholder relations fees.

Research and Development Expense

Research and development expense for the year ended December 31, 2017 was $330,805 compared to $319,476 for the same period in 2016, an increase of 3.5%. We continue to invest in developing new products for all of our markets including an innovative buffer layer for CIGS solar cells, transparent conductive oxide systems for applications in transparent electronics, thin film solar applications and ongoing development of thin film battery materials. These efforts include accelerating time to market for those products and involve ongoing research and development expense.

Marketing and Sales Expense

Marketing and sales expense was $176,470 and $345,505 for the twelve months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. We restructured the sales department for improved efficiency late in 2016 which directly impacted expense. The decrease was 48.9% and primarily related to lower consulting expense of approximately $63,000 and compensation expense of approximately $124,000.

Stock Compensation Expense

Included in operating expenses were non-cash stock based compensation costs of $198,143 and $170,754 for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The increase was due to the addition of a member of the Board of Directors as well as the higher stock price during the second half of 2017. This expense is expected to be lower next year as some stock options become fully vested early in 2018. Compensation cost for all stock-based awards is based on the grant date fair value and recognized over the required service (vesting) period. Unrecognized non-cash stock based compensation expense related to operating expense was $20,075 as of December 31, 2017 and will be recognized through 2019.

Interest

Interest was $41,109 and $45,051 for the twelve months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The decrease was due to lower principal balances and interest expense is expected to continue to decrease as we anticipate paying the entire remaining balance ($221,105) on our notes payable in 2018.

Loss Applicable to Common Stock

Loss applicable to common stock for the twelve months ended December 31, 2017 was $18,061 compared to $730,206 for the twelve months ended December 31, 2016. The improvement was due to the increased revenue of approximately $1.3 million resulting in higher gross profit of approximately $500,000 combined with the reduction in operating expenses of approximately $217,000.

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Common Stock

The following schedule represents our outstanding common stock during the period of 2018 through 2024 assuming all outstanding stock options are exercised during the year of expiration. Based on outstanding shares at December 31, 2017, if each shareholder exercises his or her options, it would increase our common shares by 381,447 to 4,567,286 by December 31, 2024. Assuming all such options are exercised in the year of expiration, the effect on shares outstanding is illustrated as follows:

	Options  due to expire		Potential shares outstanding		Weighted average exercise price
2018		5,000		4,190,839	$	3.10
2019		271,500		4,462,399	$	6.00
2024		104,947		4,567,286	$	0.84

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Cash

As of December 31, 2017 cash on hand was $920,802. Cash on-hand was $730,352 at December 31, 2016. We believe, based on forecasted sales and expenses that cash flow from operations will be adequate to sustain operations at least through February 1, 2019.

Working Capital

At December 31, 2017 working capital was $724,395 compared to $531,654 at December 31, 2016, an increase of $192,741 or 36.3%. Accounts receivable increased approximately $64,000. Inventories increased approximately $241,000, prepaid expenses increased approximately $79,000, accounts payable increased approximately $156,000 and customer deposits increased approximately $158,000. The increases in inventory, accounts payable, and customer deposits are primarily due to orders received in 2017 and scheduled to ship in 2018. Current debt obligations increased approximately $57,000.

Cash from Operations

Net cash provided by operating activities was approximately $616,000 for the year ended December 31, 2017 and approximately $161,000 for the year ended December 31, 2016. Included in expenses were depreciation and amortization of approximately $470,000 and $455,000 and non-cash stock based compensation costs of approximately $202,000 and $173,000 for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Cash used in Investing Activities

Cash of approximately $104,000 was used in investing activities during the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to approximately $88,000 during the year ended December 31, 2016.

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Cash used in Financing Activities

Cash of approximately $321,000 and $344,000 was used in financing activities for principal payments to third parties for capital lease obligations and notes payable during the twelve months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Debt Outstanding

Total debt outstanding decreased from approximately $741,000 at December 31, 2016, to approximately $532,000 at December 31, 2017, or 28.1%. Debt issuance costs of $787 at December 31, 2017, and $10,226 at December 31, 2016 are netted against debt outstanding for financial statement presentation. During 2016 we incurred a new capital lease obligation of approximately $145,000. During 2017 we incurred a new capital lease obligation of approximately $104,000, and during January 2018 we closed on a new capital lease obligation of approximately $105,000 for new production equipment.

Liquidity

We have forecasted revenues and related costs as well as investing plans and financing needs to determine liquidity to meet cash flow requirements and believe we will have sufficient liquidity at least through February 1, 2019.  This forecast was based on current cash levels and debt obligations, and the best estimates of revenues primarily from existing customers and gave consideration to the continued and possible increased levels of uncertainty in demand in the markets in which we operate.  Our ability to maintain current operations is dependent upon our ability to achieve these forecasted results, which we believe will occur. 

Critical Accounting Policies

The preparation of financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make judgments, assumptions and estimates that affect the amounts reported in the Financial Statements and accompanying notes. Note 2 to the Financial Statements in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, describes the significant accounting policies and methods used in the preparation of the Financial Statements. Estimates are used for, but not limited to, the accounting for the allowance for doubtful accounts, inventory allowances, property and equipment depreciable lives, patents and license useful lives, revenue recognition, tax valuation allowance, stock based compensation and assessing changes in which impairment of certain long-lived assets may occur. Actual results could differ from these estimates. The following critical accounting policies are impacted significantly by judgments, assumptions and estimates used in the preparation of the Financial Statements. The allowance for doubtful accounts is based on our assessment of the collectability of specific customer accounts and the aging of the accounts receivable. If there is a deterioration of a major customer’s credit worthiness or actual defaults are higher than our historical experience, our estimates of the recoverability of amounts due us could be adversely affected. Inventory purchases and commitments are based upon future demand forecasts. If there is a sudden and significant decrease in demand for our products or there is a higher risk of inventory obsolescence because of rapidly changing technology and customer requirements, we may be required to increase our inventory allowances and our gross profit could be adversely affected. Depreciable and useful lives estimated for property and equipment, licenses and patents are based on initial expectations of the period of time these assets and intangibles will provide benefit. Changes in circumstances related to a change in our business, change in technology or other factors could result in these assets becoming impaired, which could adversely affect the value of these assets.

Inflation

We believe there has not been a significant impact from inflation on our operations during the past three fiscal years.

Safe Harbor Statement under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995

This document contains forward-looking statements that reflect the views of management with respect to future events and financial performance. These forward-looking statements are subject to certain uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from such statements. See “Risk Factors” above. These uncertainties and other factors include, but are not limited to, the words “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “expects,” “plans,” “projects,” “targets” and similar expressions which identify forward-looking statements. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date the statements were made. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements.

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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.

Not applicable

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA.

Our balance sheets as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, and the related statements of operations, shareholders’ equity and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, together with the Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm thereon appear beginning on Page F-1.

ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE.

Not applicable.

ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of the Company’s Principal Executive Officer and Principal Accounting Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) as of the end of the period covered by this report. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognized that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can only provide reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives and management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Due to a segregation of duties material weakness described below, and based on this evaluation, the Company’s Principal Executive Officer and Principal Accounting Officer have concluded that as of December 31, 2017, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were not effective, at the reasonable assurance level, in recording, processing, summarizing and reporting, on a timely basis, information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act and in ensuring that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including the Principal Executive Officer and Principal Accounting Officer, as appropriate to allow timely discussions regarding required disclosure. Until we are able to hire additional employees, we will continue to report to the Audit Committee and the Board of Directors at least monthly (and more often as necessary). We believe this will continue to mitigate this weakness. This reporting includes balance sheets, statements of operations, statements of cash flows, and other detail supporting these statements. Accordingly, we believe that the financial statements included in this report fairly present, in all material respects, our financial condition, results of operations, changes in shareholder’s equity and cash flows for all periods presented.

Inherent Limitations Over Internal Controls

Our internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Our internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that: (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of our assets; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, does not expect that our internal controls will prevent or detect all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of internal controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, have been detected. Also, any evaluation of the effectiveness of controls in future periods are subject to the risk that those internal controls may become inadequate because of changes in business conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

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Management's Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended). Management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the criteria established in the Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013 Framework) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission ("COSO"). Based on this evaluation, management has concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was not effective as of December 31, 2017. The matter involving internal controls over financial reporting that management considered to be a material weakness under the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (“PCAOB”) was insufficient segregation of duties consistent with control objectives. Management is aware of the risks associated with the lack of segregation of duties due to the small number of employees currently working with general administrative and financial matters. Due to our size and nature, segregation of all conflicting duties may not always be possible and may not be economically feasible. However, to the extent possible, the initiation of transactions, the custody of assets and the recording of transactions should be performed by separate individuals.

In order to remediate this weakness, we will need to hire additional employees. Although we will periodically reevaluate this situation, at this point we consider that the risks associated with such lack of segregation of duties and the potential benefits of adding employees to segregate such duties are not cost justified. Until we are able to hire additional employees, we will continue to report to the Audit Committee and the Board of Directors at least monthly (and more often as necessary). We believe this will continue to mitigate this weakness. This reporting includes balance sheets, statements of operations, statements of cash flows, and other detail supporting these statements.

This annual report does not include an attestation report of our registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Our report was not subject to attestation by our registered public accounting firm pursuant to rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission that permits us to provide only management’s report in this annual report.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f) and Rule 15d-15(f)) that occurred in the last fiscal quarter that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION

None.

PART III

ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE.

The information required by this item is included under the captions, “Election of Directors,” “Executive Officers” and “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance” in our proxy statement relating to our 2018 Annual Meeting of Shareholders scheduled to be held on June 7, 2018, and is incorporated herein by reference.

We have a Business Conduct Policy applicable to all employees of SCI. Additionally, the Chief Executive Officer ("CEO") and all senior financial officers, including the principal financial officer, the principal accounting officer or controller, or any person performing a similar function (collectively, the "Senior Financial Officers") are bound by the provisions of our code of ethics relating to ethical conduct, conflicts of interest, and compliance with the law. The code of ethics is posted on our website at http://www.sciengineeredmaterials.com/corporate-governance.

We intend to satisfy the disclosure requirement under Item 10 of Form 8-K regarding any amendment to, waiver of, any provision of this code of ethics by posting such information on our website at the address and location specified above.

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ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION.

The information required by this item is included under the caption “Executive Compensation” in our proxy statement relating to our 2018 Annual Meeting of Shareholders scheduled to be held on June 7, 2018, and is incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS.

The information required by this item is included under the captions “Ownership of Common Stock by Directors and Executive Officers” and “Ownership of Common Stock by Principal Shareholders” in our proxy statement relating to our 2018 Annual Meeting of Shareholders scheduled to be held on June 7, 2018, and is incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE.

The information required by this item is included under the caption “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence” in our proxy statement relating to our 2018 Annual Meeting of Shareholders scheduled to be held on June 7, 2018, and is incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES.

The information required by this item is included under the caption “Fees of the Independent Public Accounting Firms for the year ended December 31, 2017” in our proxy statement relating to our 2018 Annual Meeting of Shareholders scheduled to be held on June 7, 2018, and is incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES.

Exhibit	Exhibit
Number	Description
3(a)	Certificate of Second Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of Superconductive Components, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3(a) to the Company’s initial Form 10-SB, filed on September 28, 2000)
3(b)	Restated Code of Regulations of Superconductive Components, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3(b) to the Company’s initial Form 10-SB, filed on September 28, 2000)
3(c)	Amendment to Articles of Incorporation recording the change of the corporate name to SCI Engineered Materials, Inc.  (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-QSB filed November 7, 2007).
4(a)	SCI Engineered Materials, Inc. 2011 Stock Incentive Plan (Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Definitive Proxy Statement for the 2011  Annual Meeting of Shareholders held on June 10, 2011, filed April 28,  2011).
4(b)	Superconductive Components, Inc. 2006 Stock Incentive Plan (Incorporated by reference to Appendix A to the Company’s Definitive Proxy Statement for the 2006 Annual Meeting of Shareholders held on June 9, 2006, filed May 1, 2006).
4(c)	Description of the Material Terms of the Stock Option Grant and Cash Bonus Plan for Executive Officers (Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated June 19, 2006, filed June 23, 2006)

21

4(d)	Form of Incentive Stock Option Agreement under the Superconductive Components, Inc. 2006 Stock Incentive Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated June 19, 2006, filed June 23, 2006).
4(e)	Form of Non-Statutory Stock Option Agreement under the Superconductive Components, Inc. 2006 Stock Incentive Plan  (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report  on Form 8-K dated June 19, 2006, filed June 23, 2006).
4(f)	Description of the Material Terms of the Stock Option Grant for Executive Officers and Board of Directors (Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated January 2, 2009, filed January 6, 2009).
10(a)	Employment Agreement entered into as of February 26, 2002, between Daniel Rooney and the Company (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(a) to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form SB-2 (Registration No. 333-131605), filed on February 6, 2006, and amended by Pre-effective Amendment No. 1 filed March 23, 2006)
10(b)	Description of amendment to the Loan Agreement between the Company and The Ohio Air Quality Development Authority (Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated March 26, 2012).
10(c)	Description of amendment to the Loan Agreement between the Company and the Ohio Department of Development (Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated April 9, 2012).
10(d)	Description of amendment to the Loan Agreement between the Company and The Ohio Air Quality Development Authority (Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed July 10, 2012).
10(e)	Description of resolution to the Loan Agreement between the Company and The Ohio Air Quality Development Authority (Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed October 19, 2012).
10(f)	Description of amendment to the Loan Agreement between the Company and the Ohio Development Services Agency, formerly known as the Department of Development (Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 10-K, dated March 19, 2013).
10(g)	Description of modification to payment schedules between the Company and the Ohio Development Services Agency, formerly known as the Ohio Department of Development and Description of Business Loan Agreement between the Company and The Huntington National Bank dated as of October 8, 2013 (Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated August 12, 2013).
10(h)	Description of amendment to Loan Documents between the Company and the Ohio Air Quality Development Authority dated as of December 20, 2013 (Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated December 26, 2013).

22

10(i)		Description of amendment to the Loan Agreement between the Company and the Ohio Development Services Agency, formerly known as the Ohio Department of Development (Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated July 24, 2014).
10(j)		Description of notice of transfer of common stock (Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated January 28, 2015).
10(k)		Description of amendment to Loan Documents between the Company and The Ohio Air Quality Development Authority dated as of July 21, 2016 (Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated July 22, 2016).
10(l)		Description of notice of transfer of common stock (Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated January 3, 2017).
14(a)		SCI Engineered Materials Code of Ethics for the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer (Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report via the Company’s website at www.sciengineeredmaterials.com)
23	*	Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
24	*	Powers of Attorney.
31.1	*	Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of Principal Executive Officer.
31.2	*	Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of Principal Financial Officer.
32.1	*	Section 1350 Certification of Principal Executive Officer.
32.2	*	Section 1350 Certification of Principal Financial Officer.
99.1		Press Release dated February 1, 2018, entitled “SCI Engineered Materials, Inc., Reports Improved 2017 Full-Year and Fourth Quarter Results.”
101		The Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting  Language): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2017 and  December 31, 2016 (ii) Consolidated Statements of Operations for the  year ended December 31 2017 and 2016, (iii)  Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity for the years ended December 31, 2017 and December 2016, (iv) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, and (v) Notes to Financial  Statements.

* Filed herewith

23

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

	SCI ENGINEERED MATERIALS, INC.
Date:  February 1, 2018	By:	/s/ Daniel Rooney
		Daniel Rooney, Chairman of the Board of
		Directors, President and Chief Executive Officer

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities indicated on the 1^st day of February 2018.

Signature	Title
/s/ Daniel Rooney	Chairman of the Board of Directors, President, and
Daniel Rooney	Chief Executive Officer
	(principal executive officer)
/s/ Gerald S. Blaskie	Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Gerald S. Blaskie	(principal financial officer and principal accounting officer)
Laura F. Shunk*	Director
Laura F. Shunk
Edward W. Ungar*	Director
Edward W. Ungar
John P. Gilliam*	Director
John P. Gilliam
Emily Lu*	Director
Emily Lu
Charles Wickersham*	Director
Charles Wickersham

*By:	/s/ Daniel Rooney
	Daniel Rooney, Attorney-in-Fact

24

INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

	Page
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm	F-1
Balance Sheets	F-2
Statements of Operations	F-4
Statements of Shareholders’ Equity	F-5
Statements of Cash Flows	F-6
Notes to Financial Statements	F-7

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Shareholders and Board of Directors

SCI Engineered Materials, Inc.

Columbus, Ohio

Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of SCI Engineered Materials, Inc. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the related statements of operations, shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for the years then ended, and related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 2017 and 2016, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.  Accordingly, we express no such opinion. 

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

GBQ Partners LLC

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2014.

Columbus, Ohio

February 1, 2018

F-1

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SCI ENGINEERED MATERIALS, INC.

BALANCE SHEETS

DECEMBER 31, 2017 AND 2016

ASSETS

	2017			2016
Current Assets
Cash	$	920,802		$	730,352
Accounts receivable
Trade, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $15,000		336,009			271,832
Inventories		617,444			376,561
Prepaid expenses		138,175			59,203
Total current assets		2,012,430			1,437,948
Property and Equipment, at cost
Machinery and equipment		7,824,563			7,645,043
Furniture and fixtures		132,543			130,027
Leasehold improvements		327,904			329,904
Construction in progress		22,504			51,775
		8,307,514			8,156,749
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization		(6,422,448	)		(6,019,844	)
		1,885,066			2,136,905
Other Assets		52,078			50,620
TOTAL ASSETS	$	3,949,574		$	3,625,473

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

F-2

SCI ENGINEERED MATERIALS, INC.

BALANCE SHEETS (continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2017 AND 2016

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY

	2017			2016
Current Liabilities
Capital lease obligations, current portion	$	129,500		$	121,383
Notes payable, current portion		221,105			172,408
Accounts payable		307,498			151,757
Customer deposits		407,956			249,977
Accrued compensation		83,314			89,826
Accrued expenses and other		138,662			120,943
Total current liabilities		1,288,035			906,294
Capital lease obligations, net of current portion		181,744			225,944
Notes payable, net of current portion		-			221,105
Total liabilities		1,469,779			1,353,343
Commitments and contingencies
Shareholders' Equity
Convertible preferred stock, Series B, 10% cumulative, nonvoting, no par value, $10 stated value, optional  redemption at 103%; optional shareholder conversion 2 shares for 1; 24,152 shares issued and outstanding		514,438			490,286
Common stock, no par value, authorized 15,000,000 shares; 4,185,839 and 4,090,804 shares issued and outstanding, respectively		10,131,307			10,049,823
Additional paid-in capital		2,289,474			2,193,536
Accumulated deficit		(10,455,424	)		(10,461,515	)
Total shareholders' equity		2,479,795			2,272,130
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY	$	3,949,574		$	3,625,473

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

F-3

SCI ENGINEERED MATERIALS, INC.

STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017 AND 2016

	2017			2016
Total revenue	$	6,801,365		$	5,465,599
Total cost of revenue		5,223,814			4,381,198
Gross profit		1,577,551			1,084,401
General and administrative expense		1,021,155			1,080,380
Research and development expense		330,805			319,476
Marketing and sales expense		176,470			345,505
Income (loss) from operations		49,121			(660,960	)
Interest		41,109			45,051
Income (loss) before income taxes		8,012			(706,011	)
Income taxes		1,921			43
Net income (loss)		6,091			(706,054	)
Dividends on preferred stock		24,152			24,152
LOSS APPLICABLE TO COMMON STOCK	$	(18,061	)	$	(730,206	)
Earnings per share - basic and diluted (Note 6)
Loss per common share
Basic	$	(0.00	)	$	(0.18	)
Diluted	$	(0.00	)	$	(0.18	)
Weighted average shares outstanding
Basic		4,138,516			4,052,128
Diluted		4,138,516			4,052,128

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

F-4

SCI ENGINEERED MATERIALS, INC.

STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY

YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017 AND 2016

	Convertible				Additional
	Preferred Stock,		Common		Paid-In			Accumulated
	Series B		Stock		Capital			Deficit			Total
Balance 1/1/16	$	466,134	$	9,993,027	$	2,097,599		$	(9,755,461	)	$	2,801,299
Accretion of cumulative dividends		24,152		-		(24,152	)		-			-
Stock based compensation expense (Note 2K)		-		-		120,089			-			120,089
Common stock issued (Note 6)		-		56,796		-			-			56,796
Net loss		-		-		-			(706,054	)		(706,054	)
Balance 12/31/16	$	490,286	$	10,049,823	$	2,193,536		$	(10,461,515	)	$	2,272,130
Accretion of cumulative dividends		24,152		-		(24,152	)		-			-
Stock based compensation expense (Note 2K)		-		-		120,090			-			120,090
Common stock issued (Note 6)		-		81,484		-			-			81,484
Net income		-		-		-			6,091			6,091
Balance 12/31/17	$	514,438	$	10,131,307	$	2,289,474		$	(10,455,424	)	$	2,479,795

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

F-5

SCI ENGINEERED MATERIALS, INC.

STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017 AND 2016

	2017			2016
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income (loss)	$	6,091		$	(706,054	)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and accretion		460,637			445,891
Amortization		9,439			9,439
Stock based compensation		201,574			172,685
Loss on disposal of equipment		-			(1,750	)
Inventory reserve		(11,640	)		12,370
Change in allowance for doubtful accounts		-			(11,318	)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		(64,177	)		41,998
Inventories		(229,243	)		184,184
Prepaid expenses		(78,972	)		2,098
Other assets		(1,458	)		801
Accounts payable		155,741			(39,719	)
Accrued expenses and customer deposits		167,967			49,930
Net cash provided by operating activities		615,959			160,555
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Proceeds on sale of equipment		-			1,750
Purchases of property and equipment		(104,029	)		(89,615	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(104,029	)		(87,865	)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Proceeds from exercise of stock options		-			4,200
Principal payments on capital lease obligations and notes payable		(321,480	)		(343,708	)
Net cash used in financing activities		(321,480	)		(339,508	)
NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH	$	190,450		$	(266,818	)
CASH - Beginning of year		730,352			997,170
CASH - End of year	$	920,802		$	730,352
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION
Cash paid during the year for:
Interest	$	41,615		$	45,628
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF NONCASH   INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Property and equipment purchased by capital lease	$	103,550		$	145,077
Increase in asset retirement obligation		1,218			-

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

F-6

SCI ENGINEERED MATERIALS, INC.

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 1. Business Organization and Purpose

SCI Engineered Materials, Inc. (“SCI”, “we” or the “Company”), formerly Superconductive Components, Inc., an Ohio corporation, was incorporated in 1987.  The Company operates in one segment as a global supplier and manufacturer of advanced materials for Physical Vapor Deposition (“PVD”) Thin Film Applications.  The Company is focused on specific markets within the PVD industry (Photonics, Thin Film Solar, Glass, Thin Film Battery and Transparent Electronics).  Substantially, all of the Company’s revenues are generated from customers with multi-national operations.  Through collaboration with end users and Original Equipment Manufacturers the Company develops innovative customized solutions enabling commercial success.

Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

A.           Cash - The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash.

B.           Fair Value of Financial Instruments - The estimated fair value of amounts reported in the financial statements have been determined using available market information and valuation methodologies, as applicable (see Note 9).

C.           Concentrations of Credit Risk - The Company’s cash balances, which are at times in excess of federally insured levels, are maintained at a large regional bank and a global investment banking group, and are continually monitored to minimize the risk of loss. The Company grants credit to most customers, who are varied in terms of size, geographic location and financial strength. Customer balances are continually monitored to minimize the risk of loss.

The Company’s two largest customers accounted for 72% and 9% of total revenue in 2017. These two customers represented 65% of the accounts receivable trade balance at December 31, 2017. The Company expects to collect all outstanding accounts receivables as of December 31, 2017 from these customers.

The Company’s two largest customers accounted for 53% and 12% of total revenue in 2016. These two customers represented 68% of the accounts receivable trade balance at December 31, 2016. The Company subsequently collected all outstanding accounts receivables as of December 31, 2016 from these customers.

D.           Accounts Receivable - The Company extends unsecured credit to customers under normal trade agreements which require payment within 30 days. The Company does not charge interest on delinquent trade accounts receivable. Unless specified by the customer, payments are applied to the oldest unpaid invoice. Accounts receivable are presented at the amount billed.

Management estimates an allowance for doubtful accounts, which was $15,000 as of December 31, 2017 and 2016. This estimate is based upon management’s review of delinquent accounts and an assessment of the Company’s historical evidence of collections. Specific accounts are charged directly to the reserve or bad debt expense when management obtains evidence of a customer’s insolvency or otherwise determines that the account is uncollectible. Bad debt expense was $0 during 2017 and 2016.

F-7

SCI ENGINEERED MATERIALS, INC.

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

E.           Inventories - Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market on an acquired or internally produced lot basis, and consist of raw materials, work-in-process and finished goods. Cost includes material, labor, freight and applied overhead. Inventory reserves are established for obsolete inventory, lower of cost or market, and excess inventory quantities based on management’s estimate of net realizable value. The Company had an inventory reserve of $56,000 and $67,640 at December 31, 2017, and 2016, respectively.

F.           Property and Equipment - Property and equipment are carried at cost. Depreciation is provided using the straight-line method based on the estimated useful lives of the assets. Useful lives range from three years on computer equipment to sixteen years on certain equipment. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the estimated useful life or the term of the lease. Depreciation expense totaled $460,637 and $445,891 for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Expenditures for renewals and betterments are capitalized and expenditures for repairs and maintenance are charged to operations as incurred.

Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. If the fair value is less than the carrying amount of the asset, a loss is recognized for the difference. There was no property and equipment considered impaired during 2017 or 2016.

G.           Deferred Financing Costs - Deferred financing costs are amortized over the term of the related debt using the straight-line method, the result of which is not materially different from the use of the interest method.  Deferred financing costs were $787 and $10,226 at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.  The related amortization of these costs for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, was $9,439 and is included in interest expense on the statements of operations.         

H.           Intangible Assets - The Company reviews intangible assets for impairment and performs detailed testing whenever impairment indicators are present. If necessary, an impairment loss is recorded for the excess of carrying value over fair value. There were no intangible assets considered impaired during 2017 or 2016.

The Company holds the rights to a provisional patent and any subsequent patents for this technology related to the application of Zinc based Transparent Conductive Oxide in Displays. In 2017, we filed an application for a patent for Process for the Removal of Chromium Contaminants from Ruthenium Sputtering Target Substrates.

Costs incurred to secure patents have been capitalized and amortized over the life of the patents. Cost and accumulated amortization of the patents at December 31, 2017 and 2016 were $34,935 and $0, respectively. Amortization expense related to patents was $0 for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016. Amortization expense is expected to be $0 until any patents are approved.

F-8

SCI ENGINEERED MATERIALS, INC.

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

I.           Debt Issuance Costs - In April 2015, the FASB issued guidance creating ASC Subtopic 835-30, Interest—Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30), Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs. The update modifies the presentation of costs of debt issuance as a direct reduction to the face amount of the related reported debt. At December 31, 2017, debt issuance costs of $787 were presented on a net basis against notes payable in the accompanying balance sheet. At December 31, 2016, debt issuance costs of $10,226 were presented on a net basis against notes payable in the accompanying balance sheet.

J.           Revenue Recognition - Revenue from product sales is recognized based on shipping terms and upon shipment to customers. Provisions for discounts and rework costs for returns are established when products are shipped based on historical experience. Customer deposits represent cash received in advance of revenue earned.

K.          Stock Based Compensation - Compensation cost for all stock-based awards is based on the grant date fair value and is recognized over the required service (vesting) period. Non cash stock based compensation expense was $201,574 and $172,685 for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Non cash stock based compensation expense includes $76,984 and $52,595 for stock grants awarded to the non-employee board members during 2017 and 2016, respectively. Unrecognized compensation expense was $20,075 as of December 31, 2017, and will be recognized through 2019. There was no tax benefit recorded for this compensation cost as the expense primarily relates to incentive stock options that do not qualify for a tax deduction until, and only if, a qualifying disposition occurs.

L.           Research and Development - Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development expense for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, was $330,805 and $319,476, respectively. The Company has new materials under development that may replace the Cadmium Sulfide buffer layer in CIGS solar cells. These materials were tested at Case Western Reserve University and the results support the use of its innovative material in thin film solar applications that could lead to higher efficiencies. The Company continues to invest in developing new products for all of its markets including transparent conductive oxide systems for the thin film solar and display markets. The Company also has ongoing development efforts with thin film battery materials and transparent electronic products. These efforts include accelerating time to market for those products and involve research and development expense.

M.         Income Taxes - Income taxes are provided for by utilizing the asset and liability method which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts and the tax bases of assets and liabilities using presently enacted tax rates. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance which is established when “it is more likely than not” that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be recognized.

F-9

SCI ENGINEERED MATERIALS, INC.

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

N.           Use of Estimates - The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Estimates are used for, but not limited to, the accounting for the allowance for doubtful accounts, inventory allowances, property and equipment depreciable lives, patents and licenses useful lives, revenue recognition, tax valuation, stock based compensation and assessing changes in which impairment of certain long-lived assets may occur. Actual results could differ from those estimates.         

O.           New Accounting Pronouncements –

Stock Compensation - In March 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-09, Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting, which simplified certain aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including income taxes, classification of awards and classification of the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-09 will be effective for the Company beginning in its first quarter of 2018. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU 2016-09 on its financial statements.

Leases - In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which modified lease accounting for both lessees and lessors to increase transparency and comparability by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as operating leases under previous accounting standards and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. ASU 2016-02 will be effective for the Company beginning in its first quarter of 2019, and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the timing of its adoption and the impact of adopting ASU 2016-02 on its consolidated financial statements.

Revenue Recognition - In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“ASU 2014-09”), which requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. The ASU will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance in GAAP when it becomes effective. The new standard is effective for the Company on January 1, 2018. Adoption of the ASU is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The Company’s primary sources of revenue are from product sales recognized based on shipping terms upon shipment to customers. The standard permits the use of either the full retrospective or modified retrospective transition method. The Company is currently planning to use the modified retrospective transition method which requires application of ASU 2014-09 to uncompleted contracts at the date of adoption. Periods prior to the date of adoption are not retrospectively revised, but a cumulative effect of adoption will be recognized for the impact of the ASU on uncompleted contracts at the date of adoption.

F-10

SCI ENGINEERED MATERIALS, INC.

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 3. Inventories

Inventories consist of the following at December 31:

	2017			2016
Raw materials	$	141,733		$	110,752
Work-in-process		370,318			249,057
Finished goods		161,393			84,392
		673,444			444,201
Reserve for obsolete inventory		(56,000	)		(67,640	)
	$	617,444		$	376,561

Note 4. Notes Payable

During 2010, the Company applied and was approved for a 166 Direct Loan to borrow up to $744,250 with the Ohio Department of Development (ODOD), now known as the Ohio Development Services Agency (ODSA). This loan was finalized in February 2011. The term of the loan is 84 months at a fixed interest rate of 3%. There is also a 0.25% annual servicing fee charged monthly on the outstanding principal balance. Currently, monthly payments of approximately $10,400, including principal, interest and servicing fee are due through October 2018. A final payment of approximately $71,900 is due November 2018. The loan is collateralized by the related project equipment. As of December 31, 2017 there was an outstanding balance of $172,081 on this loan. Debt issuance costs of $319 are netted against this amount for presentation in the financial statements. This loan is also subject to certain covenants, including job creation and retention. On July 21, 2014, the Company and ODSA signed a second amendment relating to the job creation and retention. The Company expects to maintain compliance with all covenants of this loan through the remainder of the loan.

During 2010, the Company also applied and was approved for a 166 Direct Loan through the Advanced Energy Program with the Ohio Air Quality Development Authority (OAQDA) to borrow up to approximately $1.4 million (this maximum commitment by the OAQDA was subsequently reduced to $368,906 on March 20, 2012). A final payment of approximately $50,400 (including principal, interest at 3% and servicing fee) is due February 2018. This loan is also subject to certain covenants, including job creation. Included in the above amendment is a waiver for the job creation commitment, due to market conditions, for the duration of the term of the Loan Agreement. On July 21, 2016, OAQDA and the Company signed a Fifth Amendment to the Loan Documents and agreed to the elimination of a financial covenant. The loan is collateralized by the related project equipment. As of December 31, 2017 there was an outstanding balance of $49,811 on this loan. Debt issuance costs of $467 are netted against this amount for presentation in the financial statements. The Company expects to maintain compliance with all covenants of this loan through the remainder of the loan.

F-11

SCI ENGINEERED MATERIALS, INC.

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 4. Notes Payable (continued)

An Intercreditor Agreement exists as part of the above mentioned loans with agencies of the State of Ohio. The OAQDA and ODSA agree to shared lien and security interest through mutual covenants. These covenants include, but are not limited to, the creation of an agreed upon number of jobs, filing of quarterly and annual reports and various financial covenants.

The Company was in compliance with all covenants of these loans at December 31, 2017. It is possible that the Company may not be in compliance with all covenants in future periods. In the past the lenders have granted the Company a waiver or amendment when relief was sought. If necessary, the Company will seek a waiver or amendment.

Notes payable at December 31 is included in the accompanying balance sheets as follows:

	2017		2016
ODSA 166 Direct Loan	$	172,081	$	289,227
OAQDA 166 Direct Loan		49,811		114,512
Total notes payable before debt issuance costs		221,892		403,739
Debt issuance costs at December 31		787		10,226
Total notes payable after debt issuance costs		221,105		393,513
Less current portion		221,105		172,408
Notes payable, net of current portion	$	-	$	221,105

Annual maturities of notes payable, for the next five years, are as follows:

2018	$	221,105
2019		-
2020		-
2021		-
2022		-

F-12

SCI ENGINEERED MATERIALS, INC.

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 5. Lease Obligations

Operating

The Company leases its facilities and certain office equipment under agreements classified as operating leases expiring at various dates through 2024. Rent expense, which includes various monthly rentals for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, totaled $194,209 and $165,769, respectively. Future minimum lease payments at December 31, 2017, are as follows:

2018	$	106,749
2019		107,512
2020		108,123
2021		110,370
2022 and beyond		329,706
Total minimum lease payments	$	762,460

Capital

The Company also leases certain equipment under capital leases. Future minimum lease payments, by year, with the present value of such payments, as of December 31, 2017, are shown in the following table.

2018	$	142,981
2019		96,372
2020		56,859
2021		40,449
2022 and beyond		-
Total minimum lease payments		336,661
Less amount representing interest		25,417
Present value of minimum lease payments		311,244
Less current portion		129,500
Capital lease obligations, net of current portion	$	181,744

The equipment under capital lease at December 31 is included in the accompanying balance sheets as follows:

	2017		2016
Machinery and equipment	$	706,050	$	632,995
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization		194,588		136,784
Net book value	$	511,462	$	496,211

These assets are amortized over a period of ten years using the straight-line method and amortization is included in depreciation expense.

The capital leases are structured such that ownership of the leased asset reverts to the Company at the end of the lease term. Accordingly, leased assets are depreciated using the Company's normal depreciation methods and lives.  In 2017, ownership of certain assets were transferred to the Company in accordance with the terms of the leases and these assets have been excluded from the leased asset disclosure above.

F-13

SCI ENGINEERED MATERIALS, INC.

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 6. Common and Preferred Stock

Common Stock

During 2016, the non-employee board members received 69,296 shares of common stock of the Company with an aggregate value of $52,595. The increased shares were the result of an increase in number of shares granted on a quarterly basis. This was recorded as non-cash stock compensation expense in the financial statements.

During 2017, the non-employee board members received compensation of 84,406 shares and officers received 4,500 shares of common stock of the Company. The stock had an aggregate value of $81,484 and was recorded as non-cash stock compensation expense in the financial statements.

Preferred Stock

Shares of preferred stock authorized and outstanding at December 31, 2017 and 2016, were as follows:

	Shares			Shares
	Authorized			Outstanding
Cumulative Preferred Stock		10,000			-
Voting Preferred Stock		125,000			-
Cumulative Non-Voting Preferred Stock		125,000	(a)		24,152

(a) Includes 700 shares of Series A Preferred Stock and 100,000 shares of Convertible Series B Preferred Stock authorized for issuance.

In January 1996, the Company completed an offering of 70,000 shares of $10 stated value 1995 Series B 10% cumulative non-voting convertible preferred stock. The shares are convertible to common shares at the rate of $5.00 per share. At the Company’s option, the Series B shares are redeemable at 103% of the stated value plus the amount of any accrued and unpaid cash dividends.

There was 24,152 shares outstanding of Series B convertible preferred stock at December 31, 2017 and 2016. The Board of Directors voted not to authorize the payment of a cash dividend on convertible preferred stock, Series B, to shareholders of record as of December 31, 2017 or December 31, 2016.

The Company had accrued dividends of $265,672 and $241,520 at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. These amounts were included in convertible preferred stock, Series B on the balance sheet at December 31, 2017 and 2016.

F-14

SCI ENGINEERED MATERIALS, INC.

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 6. Common and Preferred Stock (continued)

Earnings Per Share

Basic income (loss) per share is calculated as income available (loss attributable) to common shareholders divided by the weighted average of common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per share is calculated as diluted income available (loss attributable) to common stockholders divided by the diluted weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted weighted average number of common shares gives effect to all dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period using the treasury stock method and convertible preferred stock using the if-converted method. Diluted earnings per share exclude all diluted potential shares if their effect is anti-dilutive. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, all convertible and preferred stock and common stock options listed in Note 7 were excluded from diluted earnings per share due to being out-of-the-money or anti-dilutive.

Following is a summary of employee and director outstanding stock options outstanding and preferred stock, Series B at December 31.         

	2017		2016
Options		381,447		397,671
Preferred Stock, Series B		24,152		24,152
		405,599		421,823

The following is provided to reconcile the earnings per share calculations:

	2017			2016
Loss applicable to common stock	$	(18,061	)	$	(730,206	)
Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic		4,138,516			4,052,128
Effect of dilutions - stock options		-			-
Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted		4,138,516			4,052,128

Note 7. Stock Option Plans

On June 10, 2011, shareholders approved the SCI Engineered Materials, Inc. 2011 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2011 Plan”). The Company adopted the 2011 Plan as incentive to key employees, directors and consultants under which options to purchase up to 250,000 shares of the Company’s common stock may be granted, subject to the execution of stock option agreements. Incentive stock options may be granted to key employees of the Company and non-statutory options may be granted to directors who are not employees and to consultants and advisors who render services to the Company. Options may be exercised for periods up to 10 years from the date of grant at prices not less than 100% of fair market value on the date of grant. As of December 31, 2017, there were no stock options outstanding from the 2011 Plan.         

F-15

SCI ENGINEERED MATERIALS, INC.

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 7. Stock Option Plans (continued)

On June 9, 2006, shareholders approved the Superconductive Components, Inc. 2006 Stock Incentive Plan. The Company adopted the 2006 Plan as incentive to key employees, directors and consultants under which options to purchase up to 600,000 shares of the Company’s common stock may be granted, subject to the execution of stock option agreements. Incentive stock options may be granted to key employees of the Company and non-statutory options may be granted to directors who are not employees and to consultants and advisors who render services to the Company. Options may be exercised for periods up to 10 years from the date of grant at prices not less than 100% of fair market value on the date of grant. As of December 31, 2017, there were 381,447 stock options outstanding from the 2006 Plan which expire at various dates through November 2024.

The cumulative status at December 31, 2017 and 2016, of options granted and outstanding, as well as options which became exercisable in connection with the Stock Option Plans is summarized as follows:

Employee Stock Options

				Weighted		Weighted
				Average		Average		Aggregate
	Stock			Exercise		Contractual		Intrinsic
	Options			Price		Term (yrs)		Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2016		572,857		$	4.27
Exercised		(5,000	)		0.84
Forfeited		(139,186	)		4.29
Expired		(31,000	)		3.25
Outstanding at December 31, 2016		397,671		$	4.39
Exercised		(16,224	)		0.84
Outstanding at December 31, 2017		381,447		$	4.54		2.6	$	-
Options exercisable at December 31, 2016		267,668		$	5.07		3.0	$	-
Options exercisable at December 31, 2017		303,829		$	5.03		2.0	$	-
Options expected to vest		77,618		$	2.64		4.8	$	-

There were no Non-Employee Director Stock Options outstanding at December 31, 2017 and 2016.

F-16

SCI ENGINEERED MATERIALS, INC.

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 7. Stock Option Plans (continued)

Information related to the weighted average fair value of nonvested stock options for the year ended December 31, 2017 is as follows:

				Weighted
				Average
				Exercise
	Stock Options			Price
Employee Stock Options
Nonvested  options at January 1, 2017		130,003		$	3.12
Vested		(52,385	)		3.51
Nonvested options at December 31, 2017		77,618		$	2.64

Exercise prices range from $0.84 to $6.00 for options at December 31, 2017. The weighted average option price for all options outstanding was $4.54 with a weighted average remaining contractual life of 2.6 years at December 31, 2017. The weighted average option price for all options outstanding was $4.39 with a weighted average remaining contractual life of 3.8 years at December 31, 2016.

F-17

SCI ENGINEERED MATERIALS, INC.

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 8. Income Taxes

Deferred tax assets and liabilities result from temporary differences in the recognition of income and expense for tax and financial reporting purposes. Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows at December 31.

	2017			2016
Deferred tax assets
NOL carryforwards	$	1,038,000		$	1,816,000
General business credits carryforwards		244,000			221,000
Stock based compensation		64,000			80,000
UNICAP		30,000			44,000
Allowance for doubtful accounts		3,000			6,000
Reserve for obsolete inventories		12,000			24,000
Reserve for asset retirement		14,000			24,000
Property and equipment		(159,000	)		(283,000	)
		1,246,000			1,932,000
Valuation allowance		(1,246,000	)		(1,932,000	)
Net	$	-		$	-

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act was enacted on December 22, 2017. The Act reduces the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%. Accordingly, the Company has modified the value of deferred tax assets and liabilities including the net operating loss carryover benefit at December 31, 2017. Prior to enactment of the new tax reform, the Company had total net deferred tax assets of $1,912,000 before full valuation reserve at December 31, 2017. Taking the new tax reform into consideration, the total net deferred tax assets was $1,246,000 before full valuation reserve at December 31, 2017.

A valuation allowance has been recorded against the realizability of the net deferred tax asset such that no value is recorded for the asset in the accompanying financial statements. The valuation allowance totaled $1,246,000 and $1,932,000 at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

The Company has net operating loss carryforwards available for federal and state tax purposes of approximately $4,900,000 and $5,200,000 at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, which expire in varying amounts through 2037.

For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, a reconciliation of the statutory rate and effective rate for the provisions for income taxes consists of the following:

	Percentage
	2017			2016
Federal statutory rate		35.0	%		35.0	%
State/city tax		24.0			0.0
Non-deductible expense		532.6			(8.7	)
Valuation allowance		(567.6	)		(26.3	)
Effective rate		24.0	%		0.0	%

F-18

SCI ENGINEERED MATERIALS, INC.

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 8. Income Taxes (continued)

Components of the income tax provision are as follows:

	2017			2016
Current	$	1,921		$	-
Deferred:
NOL utilization/expiration under 2017 tax law		87,247			(183,000	)
General business credits		(23,087	)		(22,000	)
Other temporary differences		(43,756	)		17,000
Change in valuation allowance		(20,404	)		188,000
Change in NOL benefit due to 2018 Tax Reform		691,695			-
Change in temporary differences due to 2018 Tax Reform		(25,595	)		-
Change in valuation allowance due to 2018 Tax Reform		(666,100	)		-
Total	$	1,921		$	-

The Company follows guidance issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB ASC 740”) with respect to accounting for uncertainty in income taxes.  A tax position is recognized as a benefit only if it is “more-likely-than-not” that the tax position would be sustained in a tax examination, with a tax examination being presumed to occur.  The amount recognized is the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than fifty percent likely of being realized on examination.  For tax positions not meeting the “more-likely-than-not” test, no tax benefit is recorded.

The Company has no unrecognized tax benefits under guidance related to tax uncertainties. The Company does not anticipate the unrecognized tax benefits will significantly change in the next twelve months. Any tax penalties or interest expense will be recognized in income tax expense. No interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits were accrued at December 31, 2017 and 2016.

The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and various state and local jurisdictions. The Company is open to federal and state tax audits until the applicable statute of limitations expire. There are currently no federal or state income tax examinations underway for the Company. The tax years 2014 through 2017 remain open to examination by the major taxing jurisdictions in which the Company operates.

Note 9. Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The fair value of financial instruments represents the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price), and not the price that would be paid to acquire an asset or received to assume a liability (an entry price). Significant differences can arise between the fair value and carrying amount of financial instruments that are recognized at historical cost amounts.

The following methods and assumptions were used by the Company in estimating fair value disclosures for financial instruments:

· Cash and cash equivalents, short-term notes payable and capital lease obligations and current maturities of long-term notes payable and capital lease obligations: Amounts reported in the balance sheet approximate fair market value due to the short maturity of these instruments.

F-19

SCI ENGINEERED MATERIALS, INC.

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 9. Fair Value of Financial Instruments (continued)

· Long-term note payable obligations: Amounts reported in the balance sheet approximate fair value as the interest rates on the obligations range from 3% to 6.2%, which approximates current fair market rates.

Note 10. Asset Retirement Obligation

Included in machinery and equipment is various production equipment, which per the Company’s building lease, is required to be removed upon termination of the related lease. Included in accrued expenses in the accompanying balance sheet is the asset retirement obligation that represents the expected present value of the liability to remove this equipment. There are no assets that are legally restricted for purposes of settling this asset retirement obligation.

Following is a reconciliation of the aggregate retirement liability associated with the Company’s obligation to dismantle and remove the machinery and equipment associated with its lease:

Balance at January 1, 2016	$	65,578
Increase in present value of the obligation (accretion expense in the corresponding amount charged against earnings)		-
Balance at December 31, 2016	$	65,578
Increase in present value of the obligation (accretion expense in the corresponding amount charged against earnings)		1,218
Balance at December 31, 2017	$	66,796

Note 11. Liquidity

Management has forecasted revenues and related costs as well as investing plans and financing needs to determine liquidity to meet cash flow requirements and believes the Company will have sufficient liquidity at least through February 1, 2019.  This forecast was based on current cash levels and debt obligations, and the best estimates of revenues primarily from existing customers and gave consideration to the continued and possible increased levels of uncertainty in demand in the markets in which the Company operates.  The Company’s ability to maintain current operations is dependent upon its ability to achieve these forecasted results, which the Company believes will occur. 

Note 12. Subsequent Event

During January 2018, the Company entered into a capital lease agreement in the amount of $105,325 for new production equipment. This lease includes a term of 48 months and an interest rate of 4.6%.

F-20

EX-23

Exhibit 23

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We consent to the incorporation by reference in Registration Statements No.333-97583, No. 333-67212 and No. 333-136694 on Forms S-8 of SCI Engineered Materials, Inc. of our report dated February 1, 2018, relating to the financial statements, appearing in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

	GBQ Partners LLC
Columbus, Ohio
February 1, 2018

EX-24

Exhibit 24

POWER OF ATTORNEY

Each of the undersigned officers and/or directors of SCI Engineered Materials, Inc., an Ohio corporation (the “Company”), hereby appoints Daniel Rooney and Michael A. Smith as his or her true and lawful attorneys-in-fact, or any of them individually with power to act without the other, as his or her true and lawful attorney-in-fact, in his or her name and on his or her behalf, and in any and all capacities stated below, to sign and to cause to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017, and any and all amendments thereto, hereby granting unto said attorneys, and to each of them, full power and authority to do and perform in the name and on behalf of the undersigned, in any and all such capacities, every act and thing whatsoever necessary to be done in and about the premises as fully as each of the undersigned could or might do in person, hereby granting to each such attorney full power of substitution and revocation, and hereby ratifying all that any such attorney or his substitute may do by virtue hereof.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have executed this Power of Attorney in counterparts if necessary, effective as of February 1, 2018.

Signature	Title
/s/ Daniel Rooney	President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of
Daniel Rooney	the Board of Directors and Director  (principal executive officer)
/s/ Gerald S. Blaskie	Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Gerald S. Blaskie	(principal financial officer and principal accounting officer)
/s/ John P. Gilliam	Director
John P. Gilliam
/s/ Laura F. Shunk	Director
Laura F. Shunk
/s/ Emily Lu	Director
Emily Lu
/s/ Edward W. Ungar	Director
Edward W. Ungar
/s/ Charles Wickersham	Director
Charles Wickersham

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER

PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Daniel Rooney, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of SCI Engineered Materials, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) for the registrant and have:

a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: February 1, 2018	/s/ Daniel Rooney
	Daniel Rooney
	Chairman of the Board of Directors,
	President and Chief Executive Officer
	(Principal Executive Officer)

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER

PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Gerald S. Blaskie certify that:

1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of SCI Engineered Materials, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) for the registrant and have:

a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: February 1, 2018	/s/ Gerald S. Blaskie
	Gerald S. Blaskie
	Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
	(Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Annual Report of SCI Engineered Materials, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the period ending December 31, 2017, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Daniel Rooney, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1)         The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2)         The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and result of operations of the Company.

/s/ Daniel Rooney

Daniel Rooney

President and Chief Executive Officer of

SCI Engineered Materials, Inc.

February 1, 2018

EX-32.2

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Annual Report of SCI Engineered Materials, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the period ending December 31, 2017, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Gerald S. Blaskie, Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1)         The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2)         The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and result of operations of the Company.

/s/ Gerald S. Blaskie

Gerald S. Blaskie

Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of

SCI Engineered Materials, Inc.

February 1, 2018

XML

Document And Entity Information - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Jan. 29, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017
Document Information [Line Items]
Document Type	10-K
Amendment Flag	false
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2017
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2017
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Entity Registrant Name	SCI Engineered Materials, Inc.
Entity Central Index Key	0000830616
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	No
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Smaller Reporting Company
Entity Public Float			$ 2,633,691
Trading Symbol	SCIA
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		4,186,902

XML

BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Current Assets
Cash	$ 920,802	$ 730,352
Accounts receivable Trade, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $15,000	336,009	271,832
Inventories	617,444	376,561
Prepaid expenses	138,175	59,203
Total current assets	2,012,430	1,437,948
Property and Equipment, at cost
Machinery and equipment	7,824,563	7,645,043
Furniture and fixtures	132,543	130,027
Leasehold improvements	327,904	329,904
Construction in progress	22,504	51,775
Property, Plant and Equipment, Gross	8,307,514	8,156,749
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization	(6,422,448)	(6,019,844)
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net	1,885,066	2,136,905
Other Assets	52,078	50,620
TOTAL ASSETS	3,949,574	3,625,473
Current Liabilities
Capital lease obligations, current portion	129,500	121,383
Notes payable, current portion	221,105	172,408
Accounts payable	307,498	151,757
Customer deposits	407,956	249,977
Accrued compensation	83,314	89,826
Accrued expenses and other	138,662	120,943
Total current liabilities	1,288,035	906,294
Capital lease obligations, net of current portion	181,744	225,944
Notes payable, net of current portion	0	221,105
Total liabilities	1,469,779	1,353,343
Commitments and contingencies
Shareholders' Equity
Convertible preferred stock, Series B, 10% cumulative, nonvoting, no par value, $10 stated value, optional redemption at 103%; optional shareholder conversion 2 shares for 1; 24,152 shares issued and outstanding	514,438	490,286
Common stock, no par value, authorized 15,000,000 shares; 4,185,839 and 4,090,804 shares issued and outstanding, respectively	10,131,307	10,049,823
Additional paid-in capital	2,289,474	2,193,536
Accumulated deficit	(10,455,424)	(10,461,515)
Total shareholders' equity	2,479,795	2,272,130
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY	$ 3,949,574	$ 3,625,473

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BALANCE SHEETS [Parenthetical] - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Allowance for doubtful accounts (in dollars)	$ 15,000	$ 15,000
Common stock, shares authorized	15,000,000	15,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	4,185,839	4,090,804
Common stock, shares outstanding	4,185,839	4,090,804
Convertible Preferred Stock Series B [Member]
Convertible preferred stock, series B, cumulative percentage of interest	10.00%	10.00%
Convertible preferred stock, stated value (in dollars per share)	$ 10	$ 10
Convertible preferred stock, optional redemption	103.00%	103.00%
Convertible preferred stock, optional shareholder conversion	2:1	2:1
Convertible preferred stock, shares issued	24,152	24,152
Convertible preferred stock, shares outstanding	24,152	24,152

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STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Total revenue	$ 6,801,365	$ 5,465,599
Total cost of revenue	5,223,814	4,381,198
Gross profit	1,577,551	1,084,401
General and administrative expense	1,021,155	1,080,380
Research and development expense	330,805	319,476
Marketing and sales expense	176,470	345,505
Income (loss) from operations	49,121	(660,960)
Interest	41,109	45,051
Income (loss) before income taxes	8,012	(706,011)
Income taxes	1,921	43
Net income (loss)	6,091	(706,054)
Dividends on preferred stock	24,152	24,152
LOSS APPLICABLE TO COMMON STOCK	$ (18,061)	$ (730,206)
Loss per common share
Basic (in dollars per share)	$ (0.00)	$ (0.18)
Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (0.00)	$ (0.18)
Weighted average shares outstanding
Basic (in shares)	4,138,516	4,052,128
Diluted (in shares)	4,138,516	4,052,128

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STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY - USD ($)	Total	Common Stock [Member]	Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]	Accumulated Deficit During Development Stage [Member]	Convertible Preferred Stock Series B Member [Member]
Balance at Dec. 31, 2015	$ 2,801,299	$ 9,993,027	$ 2,097,599	$ (9,755,461)	$ 466,134
Accretion of cumulative dividends	0	0	(24,152)	0	24,152
Stock based compensation expense (Note 2K)	120,089	0	120,089	0	0
Common stock issued (Note 6)	56,796	56,796	0	0	0
Net income (loss)	(706,054)	0	0	(706,054)	0
Balance at Dec. 31, 2016	2,272,130	10,049,823	2,193,536	(10,461,515)	490,286
Accretion of cumulative dividends	0	0	(24,152)	0	24,152
Stock based compensation expense (Note 2K)	120,090	0	120,090	0	0
Common stock issued (Note 6)	81,484	81,484	0	0	0
Net income (loss)	6,091	0	0	6,091	0
Balance at Dec. 31, 2017	$ 2,479,795	$ 10,131,307	$ 2,289,474	$ (10,455,424)	$ 514,438

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STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income (loss)	$ 6,091	$ (706,054)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and accretion	460,637	445,891
Amortization	9,439	9,439
Stock based compensation	201,574	172,685
Loss on disposal of equipment	0	(1,750)
Inventory reserve	(11,640)	12,370
Change in allowance for doubtful accounts	0	(11,318)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	(64,177)	41,998
Inventories	(229,243)	184,184
Prepaid expenses	(78,972)	2,098
Other assets	(1,458)	801
Accounts payable	155,741	(39,719)
Accrued expenses and customer deposits	167,967	49,930
Net cash provided by operating activities	615,959	160,555
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Proceeds on sale of equipment	0	1,750
Purchases of property and equipment	(104,029)	(89,615)
Net cash used in investing activities	(104,029)	(87,865)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	0	4,200
Principal payments on capital lease obligations and notes payable	(321,480)	(343,708)
Net cash used in financing activities	(321,480)	(339,508)
NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH	190,450	(266,818)
CASH - Beginning of year	730,352	997,170
CASH - End of year	920,802	730,352
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION
Interest	41,615	45,628
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF NONCASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Property and equipment purchased by capital lease	103,550	145,077
Increase in asset retirement obligation	$ 1,218	$ 0

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Business Organization and Purpose

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements Disclosure [Text Block]

Note 1. Business Organization and Purpose

SCI Engineered Materials, Inc. (“SCI”, “we” or the “Company”), formerly Superconductive Components, Inc., an Ohio corporation, was incorporated in 1987.  The Company operates in one segment as a global supplier and manufacturer of advanced materials for Physical Vapor Deposition (“PVD”) Thin Film Applications.  The Company is focused on specific markets within the PVD industry (Photonics, Thin Film Solar, Glass, Thin Film Battery and Transparent Electronics).  Substantially, all of the Company’s revenues are generated from customers with multi-national operations.  Through collaboration with end users and Original Equipment Manufacturers the Company develops innovative customized solutions enabling commercial success.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block]

Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

A.           Cash - The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash.

B.           Fair Value of Financial Instruments - The estimated fair value of amounts reported in the financial statements have been determined using available market information and valuation methodologies, as applicable (see Note 9).

C.           Concentrations of Credit Risk - The Company’s cash balances, which are at times in excess of federally insured levels, are maintained at a large regional bank and a global investment banking group, and are continually monitored to minimize the risk of loss. The Company grants credit to most customers, who are varied in terms of size, geographic location and financial strength. Customer balances are continually monitored to minimize the risk of loss.

The Company’s two largest customers accounted for 72% and 9% of total revenue in 2017. These two customers represented 65% of the accounts receivable trade balance at December 31, 2017. The Company expects to collect all outstanding accounts receivables as of December 31, 2017 from these customers.

The Company’s two largest customers accounted for 53% and 12% of total revenue in 2016. These two customers represented 68% of the accounts receivable trade balance at December 31, 2016. The Company subsequently collected all outstanding accounts receivables as of December 31, 2016 from these customers.

D.           Accounts Receivable - The Company extends unsecured credit to customers under normal trade agreements which require payment within 30 days. The Company does not charge interest on delinquent trade accounts receivable. Unless specified by the customer, payments are applied to the oldest unpaid invoice. Accounts receivable are presented at the amount billed.

Management estimates an allowance for doubtful accounts, which was $15,000 as of December 31, 2017 and 2016. This estimate is based upon management’s review of delinquent accounts and an assessment of the Company’s historical evidence of collections. Specific accounts are charged directly to the reserve or bad debt expense when management obtains evidence of a customer’s insolvency or otherwise determines that the account is uncollectible. Bad debt expense was $0 during 2017 and 2016. 

E.           Inventories - Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market on an acquired or internally produced lot basis, and consist of raw materials, work-in-process and finished goods. Cost includes material, labor, freight and applied overhead. Inventory reserves are established for obsolete inventory, lower of cost or market, and excess inventory quantities based on management’s estimate of net realizable value. The Company had an inventory reserve of $56,000 and $67,640 at December 31, 2017, and 2016, respectively.

F.           Property and Equipment - Property and equipment are carried at cost. Depreciation is provided using the straight-line method based on the estimated useful lives of the assets. Useful lives range from three years on computer equipment to sixteen years on certain equipment. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the estimated useful life or the term of the lease. Depreciation expense totaled $460,637 and $445,891 for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Expenditures for renewals and betterments are capitalized and expenditures for repairs and maintenance are charged to operations as incurred.

Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. If the fair value is less than the carrying amount of the asset, a loss is recognized for the difference. There was no property and equipment considered impaired during 2017 or 2016.

G.           Deferred Financing Costs - Deferred financing costs are amortized over the term of the related debt using the straight-line method, the result of which is not materially different from the use of the interest method.  Deferred financing costs were $787 and $10,226 at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.  The related amortization of these costs for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, was $9,439 and is included in interest expense on the statements of operations.

H.           Intangible Assets - The Company reviews intangible assets for impairment and performs detailed testing whenever impairment indicators are present. If necessary, an impairment loss is recorded for the excess of carrying value over fair value. There were no intangible assets considered impaired during 2017 or 2016.

The Company holds the rights to a provisional patent and any subsequent patents for this technology related to the application of Zinc based Transparent Conductive Oxide in Displays. In 2017, we filed an application for a patent for Process for the Removal of Chromium Contaminants from Ruthenium Sputtering Target Substrates.

Costs incurred to secure patents have been capitalized and amortized over the life of the patents. Cost and accumulated amortization of the patents at December 31, 2017 and 2016 were $34,935 and $0, respectively. Amortization expense related to patents was $0 for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016. Amortization expense is expected to be $0 until any patents are approved. 

I.           Debt Issuance Costs - In April 2015, the FASB issued guidance creating ASC Subtopic 835-30, Interest—Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30), Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs. The update modifies the presentation of costs of debt issuance as a direct reduction to the face amount of the related reported debt. At December 31, 2017, debt issuance costs of $787 were presented on a net basis against notes payable in the accompanying balance sheet. At December 31, 2016, debt issuance costs of $10,226 were presented on a net basis against notes payable in the accompanying balance sheet.

J.           Revenue Recognition - Revenue from product sales is recognized based on shipping terms and upon shipment to customers. Provisions for discounts and rework costs for returns are established when products are shipped based on historical experience. Customer deposits represent cash received in advance of revenue earned.

K.          Stock Based Compensation - Compensation cost for all stock-based awards is based on the grant date fair value and is recognized over the required service (vesting) period. Non cash stock based compensation expense was $201,574 and $172,685 for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Non cash stock based compensation expense includes $76,984 and $52,595 for stock grants awarded to the non-employee board members during 2017 and 2016, respectively. Unrecognized compensation expense was $20,075 as of December 31, 2017, and will be recognized through 2019. There was no tax benefit recorded for this compensation cost as the expense primarily relates to incentive stock options that do not qualify for a tax deduction until, and only if, a qualifying disposition occurs.

L.           Research and Development - Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development expense for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, was $330,805 and $319,476, respectively. The Company has new materials under development that may replace the Cadmium Sulfide buffer layer in CIGS solar cells. These materials were tested at Case Western Reserve University and the results support the use of its innovative material in thin film solar applications that could lead to higher efficiencies. The Company continues to invest in developing new products for all of its markets including transparent conductive oxide systems for the thin film solar and display markets. The Company also has ongoing development efforts with thin film battery materials and transparent electronic products. These efforts include accelerating time to market for those products and involve research and development expense.

M.         Income Taxes - Income taxes are provided for by utilizing the asset and liability method which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts and the tax bases of assets and liabilities using presently enacted tax rates. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance which is established when “it is more likely than not” that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be recognized.

N.           Use of Estimates - The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Estimates are used for, but not limited to, the accounting for the allowance for doubtful accounts, inventory allowances, property and equipment depreciable lives, patents and licenses useful lives, revenue recognition, tax valuation, stock based compensation and assessing changes in which impairment of certain long-lived assets may occur. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

O.           New Accounting Pronouncements –

Stock Compensation - In March 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-09, Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting, which simplified certain aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including income taxes, classification of awards and classification of the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-09 will be effective for the Company beginning in its first quarter of 2018. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU 2016-09 on its financial statements.

Leases - In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which modified lease accounting for both lessees and lessors to increase transparency and comparability by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as operating leases under previous accounting standards and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. ASU 2016-02 will be effective for the Company beginning in its first quarter of 2019, and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the timing of its adoption and the impact of adopting ASU 2016-02 on its consolidated financial statements.

Revenue Recognition - In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“ASU 2014-09”), which requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. The ASU will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance in GAAP when it becomes effective. The new standard is effective for the Company on January 1, 2018. Adoption of the ASU is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The Company’s primary sources of revenue are from product sales recognized based on shipping terms upon shipment to customers. The standard permits the use of either the full retrospective or modified retrospective transition method. The Company is currently planning to use the modified retrospective transition method which requires application of ASU 2014-09 to uncompleted contracts at the date of adoption. Periods prior to the date of adoption are not retrospectively revised, but a cumulative effect of adoption will be recognized for the impact of the ASU on uncompleted contracts at the date of adoption.

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Inventories

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Inventory Disclosure [Text Block]

Note 3. Inventories

Inventories consist of the following at December 31:

	2017		2016
Raw materials	$	141,733	$	110,752
Work-in-process		370,318		249,057
Finished goods		161,393		84,392
		673,444		444,201
Reserve for obsolete inventory		(56,000)		(67,640)
	$	617,444	$	376,561

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Notes Payable

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Debt Disclosure [Text Block]

Note 4. Notes Payable

During 2010, the Company applied and was approved for a 166 Direct Loan to borrow up to $744,250 with the Ohio Department of Development (ODOD), now known as the Ohio Development Services Agency (ODSA). This loan was finalized in February 2011. The term of the loan is 84 months at a fixed interest rate of 3%. There is also a 0.25% annual servicing fee charged monthly on the outstanding principal balance. Currently, monthly payments of approximately $10,400, including principal, interest and servicing fee are due through October 2018. A final payment of approximately $71,900 is due November 2018. The loan is collateralized by the related project equipment. As of December 31, 2017 there was an outstanding balance of $172,081 on this loan. Debt issuance costs of $319 are netted against this amount for presentation in the financial statements. This loan is also subject to certain covenants, including job creation and retention. On July 21, 2014, the Company and ODSA signed a second amendment relating to the job creation and retention. The Company expects to maintain compliance with all covenants of this loan through the remainder of the loan.

During 2010, the Company also applied and was approved for a 166 Direct Loan through the Advanced Energy Program with the Ohio Air Quality Development Authority (OAQDA) to borrow up to approximately $1.4 million (this maximum commitment by the OAQDA was subsequently reduced to $368,906 on March 20, 2012). A final payment of approximately $50,400 (including principal, interest at 3% and servicing fee) is due February 2018. This loan is also subject to certain covenants, including job creation. Included in the above amendment is a waiver for the job creation commitment, due to market conditions, for the duration of the term of the Loan Agreement. On July 21, 2016, OAQDA and the Company signed a Fifth Amendment to the Loan Documents and agreed to the elimination of a financial covenant. The loan is collateralized by the related project equipment. As of December 31, 2017 there was an outstanding balance of $49,811 on this loan. Debt issuance costs of $467 are netted against this amount for presentation in the financial statements. The Company expects to maintain compliance with all covenants of this loan through the remainder of the loan.

An Intercreditor Agreement exists as part of the above mentioned loans with agencies of the State of Ohio. The OAQDA and ODSA agree to shared lien and security interest through mutual covenants. These covenants include, but are not limited to, the creation of an agreed upon number of jobs, filing of quarterly and annual reports and various financial covenants.

The Company was in compliance with all covenants of these loans at December 31, 2017. It is possible that the Company may not be in compliance with all covenants in future periods. In the past the lenders have granted the Company a waiver or amendment when relief was sought. If necessary, the Company will seek a waiver or amendment.

Notes payable at December 31 is included in the accompanying balance sheets as follows:

	2017		2016
ODSA 166 Direct Loan	$	172,081	$	289,227
OAQDA 166 Direct Loan		49,811		114,512
Total notes payable before debt issuance costs		221,892		403,739
Debt issuance costs at December 31		787		10,226
Total notes payable after debt issuance costs		221,105		393,513
Less current portion		221,105		172,408
Notes payable, net of current portion	$	-	$	221,105

Annual maturities of notes payable, for the next five years, are as follows:

2018	$	221,105
2019		-
2020		-
2021		-
2022		-

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Lease Obligations

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Leases [Abstract]

Leases of Lessee Disclosure [Text Block]

Note 5. Lease Obligations

Operating

The Company leases its facilities and certain office equipment under agreements classified as operating leases expiring at various dates through 2024. Rent expense, which includes various monthly rentals for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, totaled $194,209 and $165,769, respectively. Future minimum lease payments at December 31, 2017, are as follows:

2018	$	106,749
2019		107,512
2020		108,123
2021		110,370
2022 and beyond		329,706
Total minimum lease payments	$	762,460

Capital

The Company also leases certain equipment under capital leases. Future minimum lease payments, by year, with the present value of such payments, as of December 31, 2017, are shown in the following table.

2018	$	142,981
2019		96,372
2020		56,859
2021		40,449
2022 and beyond		-
Total minimum lease payments		336,661
Less amount representing interest		25,417
Present value of minimum lease payments		311,244
Less current portion		129,500
Capital lease obligations, net of current portion	$	181,744

The equipment under capital lease at December 31 is included in the accompanying balance sheets as follows:

	2017		2016
Machinery and equipment	$	706,050	$	632,995
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization		194,588		136,784
Net book value	$	511,462	$	496,211

These assets are amortized over a period of ten years using the straight-line method and amortization is included in depreciation expense.

The capital leases are structured such that ownership of the leased asset reverts to the Company at the end of the lease term. Accordingly, leased assets are depreciated using the Company's normal depreciation methods and lives.  In 2017, ownership of certain assets were transferred to the Company in accordance with the terms of the leases and these assets have been excluded from the leased asset disclosure above.

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Common and Preferred Stock

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Stockholders Equity Note [Abstract]

Stockholders' Equity Note Disclosure [Text Block]

Note 6. Common and Preferred Stock

Common Stock

During 2016, the non-employee board members received 69,296 shares of common stock of the Company with an aggregate value of $52,595. The increased shares were the result of an increase in number of shares granted on a quarterly basis. This was recorded as non-cash stock compensation expense in the financial statements.

During 2017, the non-employee board members received compensation of 84,406 shares and officers received 4,500 shares of common stock of the Company. The stock had an aggregate value of $81,484 and was recorded as non-cash stock compensation expense in the financial statements.

Preferred Stock

Shares of preferred stock authorized and outstanding at December 31, 2017 and 2016, were as follows:

	Shares			Shares
	Authorized			Outstanding
Cumulative Preferred Stock		10,000			-
Voting Preferred Stock		125,000			-
Cumulative Non-Voting Preferred Stock		125,000	(a)		24,152

(a) Includes 700 shares of Series A Preferred Stock and 100,000 shares of Convertible Series B Preferred Stock authorized for issuance.

In January 1996, the Company completed an offering of 70,000 shares of $10 stated value 1995 Series B 10% cumulative non-voting convertible preferred stock. The shares are convertible to common shares at the rate of $5.00 per share. At the Company’s option, the Series B shares are redeemable at 103% of the stated value plus the amount of any accrued and unpaid cash dividends.

There was 24,152 shares outstanding of Series B convertible preferred stock at December 31, 2017 and 2016. The Board of Directors voted not to authorize the payment of a cash dividend on convertible preferred stock, Series B, to shareholders of record as of December 31, 2017 or December 31, 2016.

The Company had accrued dividends of $265,672 and $241,520 at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. These amounts were included in convertible preferred stock, Series B on the balance sheet at December 31, 2017 and 2016.

Earnings Per Share

 

Basic income (loss) per share is calculated as income available (loss attributable) to common shareholders divided by the weighted average of common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per share is calculated as diluted income available (loss attributable) to common stockholders divided by the diluted weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted weighted average number of common shares gives effect to all dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period using the treasury stock method and convertible preferred stock using the if-converted method. Diluted earnings per share exclude all diluted potential shares if their effect is anti-dilutive. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, all convertible and preferred stock and common stock options listed in Note 7 were excluded from diluted earnings per share due to being out-of-the-money or anti-dilutive.

Following is a summary of employee and director outstanding stock options outstanding and preferred stock, Series B at December 31.

	2017		2016
Options		381,447		397,671
Preferred Stock, Series B		24,152		24,152
		405,599		421,823

The following is provided to reconcile the earnings per share calculations:

	2017		2016
Loss applicable to common stock	$	(18,061)	$	(730,206)
Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic		4,138,516		4,052,128
Effect of dilutions - stock options		-		-
Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted		4,138,516		4,052,128

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Stock Option Plans

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]

Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Text Block]

Note 7. Stock Option Plans

On June 10, 2011, shareholders approved the SCI Engineered Materials, Inc. 2011 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2011 Plan”). The Company adopted the 2011 Plan as incentive to key employees, directors and consultants under which options to purchase up to 250,000 shares of the Company’s common stock may be granted, subject to the execution of stock option agreements. Incentive stock options may be granted to key employees of the Company and non-statutory options may be granted to directors who are not employees and to consultants and advisors who render services to the Company. Options may be exercised for periods up to 10 years from the date of grant at prices not less than 100% of fair market value on the date of grant. As of December 31, 2017, there were no stock options outstanding from the 2011 Plan.

On June 9, 2006, shareholders approved the Superconductive Components, Inc. 2006 Stock Incentive Plan. The Company adopted the 2006 Plan as incentive to key employees, directors and consultants under which options to purchase up to 600,000 shares of the Company’s common stock may be granted, subject to the execution of stock option agreements. Incentive stock options may be granted to key employees of the Company and non-statutory options may be granted to directors who are not employees and to consultants and advisors who render services to the Company. Options may be exercised for periods up to 10 years from the date of grant at prices not less than 100% of fair market value on the date of grant. As of December 31, 2017, there were 381,447 stock options outstanding from the 2006 Plan which expire at various dates through November 2024.

The cumulative status at December 31, 2017 and 2016, of options granted and outstanding, as well as options which became exercisable in connection with the Stock Option Plans is summarized as follows:

Employee Stock Options

			Weighted		Weighted
			Average		Average		Aggregate
	Stock		Exercise		Contractual		Intrinsic
	Options		Price		Term (yrs)		Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2016		572,857	$	4.27
Exercised		(5,000)		0.84
Forfeited		(139,186)		4.29
Expired		(31,000)		3.25
Outstanding at December 31, 2016		397,671	$	4.39
Exercised		(16,224)		0.84
Outstanding at December 31, 2017		381,447	$	4.54		2.6	$	-
Options exercisable at December 31, 2016		267,668	$	5.07		3.0	$	-
Options exercisable at December 31, 2017		303,829	$	5.03		2.0	$	-
Options expected to vest		77,618	$	2.64		4.8	$	-

There were no Non-Employee Director Stock Options outstanding at December 31, 2017 and 2016.

Information related to the weighted average fair value of nonvested stock options for the year ended December 31, 2017 is as follows:

			Weighted
			Average
			Exercise
	Stock Options		Price
Employee Stock Options
Nonvested options at January 1, 2017		130,003	$	3.12
Vested		(52,385)		3.51
Nonvested options at December 31, 2017		77,618	$	2.64

Exercise prices range from $0.84 to $6.00 for options at December 31, 2017. The weighted average option price for all options outstanding was $4.54 with a weighted average remaining contractual life of 2.6 years at December 31, 2017. The weighted average option price for all options outstanding was $4.39 with a weighted average remaining contractual life of 3.8 years at December 31, 2016.

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Income Taxes

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Tax Disclosure [Text Block]

Note 8. Income Taxes

Deferred tax assets and liabilities result from temporary differences in the recognition of income and expense for tax and financial reporting purposes. Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows at December 31.

	2017		2016
Deferred tax assets
NOL carryforwards	$	1,038,000	$	1,816,000
General business credits carryforwards		244,000		221,000
Stock based compensation		64,000		80,000
UNICAP		30,000		44,000
Allowance for doubtful accounts		3,000		6,000
Reserve for obsolete inventories		12,000		24,000
Reserve for asset retirement		14,000		24,000
Property and equipment		(159,000)		(283,000)
		1,246,000		1,932,000
Valuation allowance		(1,246,000)		(1,932,000)
Net	$	-	$	-

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act was enacted on December 22, 2017. The Act reduces the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%. Accordingly, the Company has modified the value of deferred tax assets and liabilities including the net operating loss carryover benefit at December 31, 2017. Prior to enactment of the new tax reform, the Company had total net deferred tax assets of $1,912,000 before full valuation reserve at December 31, 2017. Taking the new tax reform into consideration, the total net deferred tax assets was $1,246,000 before full valuation reserve at December 31, 2017.

A valuation allowance has been recorded against the realizability of the net deferred tax asset such that no value is recorded for the asset in the accompanying financial statements. The valuation allowance totaled $1,246,000 and $1,932,000 at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

The Company has net operating loss carryforwards available for federal and state tax purposes of approximately $4,900,000 and $5,200,000 at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, which expire in varying amounts through 2037.

For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, a reconciliation of the statutory rate and effective rate for the provisions for income taxes consists of the following:

	Percentage
	2017			2016
Federal statutory rate		35.0	%		35.0	%
State/city tax		24.0			0.0
Non-deductible expense		532.6			(8.7)
Valuation allowance		(567.6)			(26.3)
Effective rate		24.0	%		0.0	%

Components of the income tax provision are as follows:

	2017		2016
Current	$	1,921	$	-
Deferred:
NOL utilization/expiration under 2017 tax law		87,247		(183,000)
General business credits		(23,087)		(22,000)
Other temporary differences		(43,756)		17,000
Change in valuation allowance		(20,404)		188,000
Change in NOL benefit due to 2018 Tax Reform		691,695		-
Change in temporary differences due to 2018 Tax Reform		(25,595)		-
Change in valuation allowance due to 2018 Tax Reform		(666,100)		-
Total	$	1,921	$	-

The Company follows guidance issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB ASC 740”) with respect to accounting for uncertainty in income taxes.  A tax position is recognized as a benefit only if it is “more-likely-than-not” that the tax position would be sustained in a tax examination, with a tax examination being presumed to occur.  The amount recognized is the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than fifty percent likely of being realized on examination.  For tax positions not meeting the “more-likely-than-not” test, no tax benefit is recorded.

The Company has no unrecognized tax benefits under guidance related to tax uncertainties. The Company does not anticipate the unrecognized tax benefits will significantly change in the next twelve months. Any tax penalties or interest expense will be recognized in income tax expense. No interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits were accrued at December 31, 2017 and 2016.

The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and various state and local jurisdictions. The Company is open to federal and state tax audits until the applicable statute of limitations expire. There are currently no federal or state income tax examinations underway for the Company. The tax years 2014 through 2017 remain open to examination by the major taxing jurisdictions in which the Company operates.

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Fair Value of Financial Instruments

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Disclosures [Text Block]

Note 9. Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The fair value of financial instruments represents the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price), and not the price that would be paid to acquire an asset or received to assume a liability (an entry price). Significant differences can arise between the fair value and carrying amount of financial instruments that are recognized at historical cost amounts.

The following methods and assumptions were used by the Company in estimating fair value disclosures for financial instruments:

· Cash and cash equivalents, short-term notes payable and capital lease obligations and current maturities of long-term notes payable and capital lease obligations: Amounts reported in the balance sheet approximate fair market value due to the short maturity of these instruments.

· Long-term note payable obligations: Amounts reported in the balance sheet approximate fair value as the interest rates on the obligations range from 3% to 6.2%, which approximates current fair market rates.

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Asset Retirement Obligation

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Asset Retirement Obligation Disclosure [Abstract]

Asset Retirement Obligation Disclosure [Text Block]

Note 10. Asset Retirement Obligation

Included in machinery and equipment is various production equipment, which per the Company’s building lease, is required to be removed upon termination of the related lease. Included in accrued expenses in the accompanying balance sheet is the asset retirement obligation that represents the expected present value of the liability to remove this equipment. There are no assets that are legally restricted for purposes of settling this asset retirement obligation.

Following is a reconciliation of the aggregate retirement liability associated with the Company’s obligation to dismantle and remove the machinery and equipment associated with its lease:

Balance at January 1, 2016	$	65,578
Increase in present value of the obligation (accretion expense in the corresponding amount charged against earnings)		-
Balance at December 31, 2016	$	65,578
Increase in present value of the obligation (accretion expense in the corresponding amount charged against earnings)		1,218
Balance at December 31, 2017	$	66,796

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Liquidity

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Liquidity Disclosures [Abstract]

Liquidity Disclosures [Text Block]

Note 11. Liquidity

Management has forecasted revenues and related costs as well as investing plans and financing needs to determine liquidity to meet cash flow requirements and believes the Company will have sufficient liquidity at least through February 1, 2019.  This forecast was based on current cash levels and debt obligations, and the best estimates of revenues primarily from existing customers and gave consideration to the continued and possible increased levels of uncertainty in demand in the markets in which the Company operates.  The Company’s ability to maintain current operations is dependent upon its ability to achieve these forecasted results, which the Company believes will occur.

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Subsequent Event

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Subsequent Events [Abstract]

Subsequent Events [Text Block]

Note 12. Subsequent Event

During January 2018, the Company entered into a capital lease agreement in the amount of $105,325 for new production equipment. This lease includes a term of 48 months and an interest rate of 4.6%.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Cash and Cash Equivalents, Policy [Policy Text Block]

A.        Cash - The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments, Policy [Policy Text Block]

B.         Fair Value of Financial Instruments - The estimated fair value of amounts reported in the financial statements have been determined using available market information and valuation methodologies, as applicable (see Note 9).

Concentration Risk, Credit Risk, Policy [Policy Text Block]

C.           Concentrations of Credit Risk - The Company’s cash balances, which are at times in excess of federally insured levels, are maintained at a large regional bank and a global investment banking group, and are continually monitored to minimize the risk of loss. The Company grants credit to most customers, who are varied in terms of size, geographic location and financial strength. Customer balances are continually monitored to minimize the risk of loss.

The Company’s two largest customers accounted for 72% and 9% of total revenue in 2017. These two customers represented 65% of the accounts receivable trade balance at December 31, 2017. The Company expects to collect all outstanding accounts receivables as of December 31, 2017 from these customers.

The Company’s two largest customers accounted for 53% and 12% of total revenue in 2016. These two customers represented 68% of the accounts receivable trade balance at December 31, 2016. The Company subsequently collected all outstanding accounts receivables as of December 31, 2016 from these customers.

Trade and Other Accounts Receivable, Policy [Policy Text Block]

D.           Accounts Receivable - The Company extends unsecured credit to customers under normal trade agreements which require payment within 30 days. The Company does not charge interest on delinquent trade accounts receivable. Unless specified by the customer, payments are applied to the oldest unpaid invoice. Accounts receivable are presented at the amount billed.

Management estimates an allowance for doubtful accounts, which was $15,000 as of December 31, 2017 and 2016. This estimate is based upon management’s review of delinquent accounts and an assessment of the Company’s historical evidence of collections. Specific accounts are charged directly to the reserve or bad debt expense when management obtains evidence of a customer’s insolvency or otherwise determines that the account is uncollectible. Bad debt expense was $0 during 2017 and 2016.

Inventory, Policy [Policy Text Block]

E.          Inventories - Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market on an acquired or internally produced lot basis, and consist of raw materials, work-in-process and finished goods. Cost includes material, labor, freight and applied overhead. Inventory reserves are established for obsolete inventory, lower of cost or market, and excess inventory quantities based on management’s estimate of net realizable value. The Company had an inventory reserve of $56,000 and $67,640 at December 31, 2017, and 2016, respectively.

Property, Plant and Equipment, Policy [Policy Text Block]

F.           Property and Equipment - Property and equipment are carried at cost. Depreciation is provided using the straight-line method based on the estimated useful lives of the assets. Useful lives range from three years on computer equipment to sixteen years on certain equipment. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the estimated useful life or the term of the lease. Depreciation expense totaled $460,637 and $445,891 for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Expenditures for renewals and betterments are capitalized and expenditures for repairs and maintenance are charged to operations as incurred.

Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. If the fair value is less than the carrying amount of the asset, a loss is recognized for the difference. There was no property and equipment considered impaired during 2017 or 2016.

Deferred Charges, Policy [Policy Text Block]

G.          Deferred Financing Costs - Deferred financing costs are amortized over the term of the related debt using the straight-line method, the result of which is not materially different from the use of the interest method.  Deferred financing costs were $787 and $10,226 at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.  The related amortization of these costs for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, was $9,439 and is included in interest expense on the statements of operations.

Intangible Assets, Finite-Lived, Policy [Policy Text Block]

H.           Intangible Assets - The Company reviews intangible assets for impairment and performs detailed testing whenever impairment indicators are present. If necessary, an impairment loss is recorded for the excess of carrying value over fair value. There were no intangible assets considered impaired during 2017 or 2016.

The Company holds the rights to a provisional patent and any subsequent patents for this technology related to the application of Zinc based Transparent Conductive Oxide in Displays. In 2017, we filed an application for a patent for Process for the Removal of Chromium Contaminants from Ruthenium Sputtering Target Substrates.

Costs incurred to secure patents have been capitalized and amortized over the life of the patents. Cost and accumulated amortization of the patents at December 31, 2017 and 2016 were $34,935 and $0, respectively. Amortization expense related to patents was $0 for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016. Amortization expense is expected to be $0 until any patents are approved.

Debt, Policy [Policy Text Block]

I.           Debt Issuance Costs - In April 2015, the FASB issued guidance creating ASC Subtopic 835-30, Interest—Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30), Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs. The update modifies the presentation of costs of debt issuance as a direct reduction to the face amount of the related reported debt. At December 31, 2017, debt issuance costs of $787 were presented on a net basis against notes payable in the accompanying balance sheet. At December 31, 2016, debt issuance costs of $10,226 were presented on a net basis against notes payable in the accompanying balance sheet.

Revenue Recognition, Policy [Policy Text Block]

J.           Revenue Recognition - Revenue from product sales is recognized based on shipping terms and upon shipment to customers. Provisions for discounts and rework costs for returns are established when products are shipped based on historical experience. Customer deposits represent cash received in advance of revenue earned.

Share-based Compensation, Option and Incentive Plans Policy [Policy Text Block]

K.         Stock Based Compensation - Compensation cost for all stock-based awards is based on the grant date fair value and is recognized over the required service (vesting) period. Non cash stock based compensation expense was $201,574 and $172,685 for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Non cash stock based compensation expense includes $76,984 and $52,595 for stock grants awarded to the non-employee board members during 2017 and 2016, respectively. Unrecognized compensation expense was $20,075 as of December 31, 2017, and will be recognized through 2019. There was no tax benefit recorded for this compensation cost as the expense primarily relates to incentive stock options that do not qualify for a tax deduction until, and only if, a qualifying disposition occurs.

Research and Development Expense, Policy [Policy Text Block]

L.           Research and Development - Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development expense for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, was $330,805 and $319,476, respectively. The Company has new materials under development that may replace the Cadmium Sulfide buffer layer in CIGS solar cells. These materials were tested at Case Western Reserve University and the results support the use of its innovative material in thin film solar applications that could lead to higher efficiencies. The Company continues to invest in developing new products for all of its markets including transparent conductive oxide systems for the thin film solar and display markets. The Company also has ongoing development efforts with thin film battery materials and transparent electronic products. These efforts include accelerating time to market for those products and involve research and development expense.

Income Tax, Policy [Policy Text Block]

M.         Income Taxes - Income taxes are provided for by utilizing the asset and liability method which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts and the tax bases of assets and liabilities using presently enacted tax rates. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance which is established when “it is more likely than not” that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be recognized.

Use of Estimates, Policy [Policy Text Block]

N.           Use of Estimates - The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Estimates are used for, but not limited to, the accounting for the allowance for doubtful accounts, inventory allowances, property and equipment depreciable lives, patents and licenses useful lives, revenue recognition, tax valuation, stock based compensation and assessing changes in which impairment of certain long-lived assets may occur. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

New Accounting Pronouncements, Policy [Policy Text Block]

O.           New Accounting Pronouncements –

Stock Compensation - In March 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-09, Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting, which simplified certain aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including income taxes, classification of awards and classification of the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-09 will be effective for the Company beginning in its first quarter of 2018. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU 2016-09 on its financial statements.

Leases - In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which modified lease accounting for both lessees and lessors to increase transparency and comparability by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as operating leases under previous accounting standards and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. ASU 2016-02 will be effective for the Company beginning in its first quarter of 2019, and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the timing of its adoption and the impact of adopting ASU 2016-02 on its consolidated financial statements.

Revenue Recognition - In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“ASU 2014-09”), which requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. The ASU will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance in GAAP when it becomes effective. The new standard is effective for the Company on January 1, 2018. Adoption of the ASU is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The Company’s primary sources of revenue are from product sales recognized based on shipping terms upon shipment to customers. The standard permits the use of either the full retrospective or modified retrospective transition method. The Company is currently planning to use the modified retrospective transition method which requires application of ASU 2014-09 to uncompleted contracts at the date of adoption. Periods prior to the date of adoption are not retrospectively revised, but a cumulative effect of adoption will be recognized for the impact of the ASU on uncompleted contracts at the date of adoption.

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Inventories (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Inventory, Current [Table Text Block]

Inventories consist of the following at December 31:

	2017		2016
Raw materials	$	141,733	$	110,752
Work-in-process		370,318		249,057
Finished goods		161,393		84,392
		673,444		444,201
Reserve for obsolete inventory		(56,000)		(67,640)
	$	617,444	$	376,561

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Notes Payable (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Debt [Table Text Block]

Notes payable at December 31 is included in the accompanying balance sheets as follows:

	2017		2016
ODSA 166 Direct Loan	$	172,081	$	289,227
OAQDA 166 Direct Loan		49,811		114,512
Total notes payable before debt issuance costs		221,892		403,739
Debt issuance costs at December 31		787		10,226
Total notes payable after debt issuance costs		221,105		393,513
Less current portion		221,105		172,408
Notes payable, net of current portion	$	-	$	221,105

Schedule of Maturities of Long-term Debt [Table Text Block]

Annual maturities of notes payable, for the next five years, are as follows:

2018	$	221,105
2019		-
2020		-
2021		-
2022		-

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Lease Obligations (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Leases [Abstract]

Schedule of Future Minimum Rental Payments for Operating Leases [Table Text Block]

Future minimum lease payments at December 31, 2017, are as follows:

2018	$	106,749
2019		107,512
2020		108,123
2021		110,370
2022 and beyond		329,706
Total minimum lease payments	$	762,460

Schedule of Future Minimum Lease Payments for Capital Leases [Table Text Block]

The Company also leases certain equipment under capital leases. Future minimum lease payments, by year, with the present value of such payments, as of December 31, 2017, are shown in the following table.

2018	$	142,981
2019		96,372
2020		56,859
2021		40,449
2022 and beyond		-
Total minimum lease payments		336,661
Less amount representing interest		25,417
Present value of minimum lease payments		311,244
Less current portion		129,500
Capital lease obligations, net of current portion	$	181,744

Schedule of Capital Leased Assets [Table Text Block]

The equipment under capital lease at December 31 is included in the accompanying balance sheets as follows:

	2017		2016
Machinery and equipment	$	706,050	$	632,995
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization		194,588		136,784
Net book value	$	511,462	$	496,211

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Common and Preferred Stock (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Stockholders Equity Note [Abstract]

Schedule of Stock by Class [Table Text Block]

Shares of preferred stock authorized and outstanding at December 31, 2017 and 2016, were as follows:

	Shares			Shares
	Authorized			Outstanding
Cumulative Preferred Stock		10,000			-
Voting Preferred Stock		125,000			-
Cumulative Non-Voting Preferred Stock		125,000	(a)		24,152

(a) Includes 700 shares of Series A Preferred Stock and 100,000 shares of Convertible Series B Preferred Stock authorized for issuance.

Schedule of Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Table Text Block]

Following is a summary of employee and director outstanding stock options outstanding and preferred stock, Series B at December 31.

	2017		2016
Options		381,447		397,671
Preferred Stock, Series B		24,152		24,152
		405,599		421,823

Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted [Table Text Block]

The following is provided to reconcile the earnings per share calculations:

	2017		2016
Loss applicable to common stock	$	(18,061)	$	(730,206)
Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic		4,138,516		4,052,128
Effect of dilutions - stock options		-		-
Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted		4,138,516		4,052,128

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Stock Option Plans (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Schedule of Nonvested Share Activity [Table Text Block]

Information related to the weighted average fair value of nonvested stock options for the year ended December 31, 2017 is as follows:

			Weighted
			Average
			Exercise
	Stock Options		Price
Employee Stock Options
Nonvested options at January 1, 2017		130,003	$	3.12
Vested		(52,385)		3.51
Nonvested options at December 31, 2017		77,618	$	2.64

Employee Stock Option [Member] | Series B Preferred Stock [Member]

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Schedule of Share-based Compensation, Stock Options, Activity [Table Text Block]

The cumulative status at December 31, 2017 and 2016, of options granted and outstanding, as well as options which became exercisable in connection with the Stock Option Plans is summarized as follows:

Employee Stock Options

			Weighted		Weighted
			Average		Average		Aggregate
	Stock		Exercise		Contractual		Intrinsic
	Options		Price		Term (yrs)		Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2016		572,857	$	4.27
Exercised		(5,000)		0.84
Forfeited		(139,186)		4.29
Expired		(31,000)		3.25
Outstanding at December 31, 2016		397,671	$	4.39
Exercised		(16,224)		0.84
Outstanding at December 31, 2017		381,447	$	4.54		2.6	$	-
Options exercisable at December 31, 2016		267,668	$	5.07		3.0	$	-
Options exercisable at December 31, 2017		303,829	$	5.03		2.0	$	-
Options expected to vest		77,618	$	2.64		4.8	$	-

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Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities [Table Text Block]

Deferred tax assets and liabilities result from temporary differences in the recognition of income and expense for tax and financial reporting purposes. Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows at December 31.

	2017		2016
Deferred tax assets
NOL carryforwards	$	1,038,000	$	1,816,000
General business credits carryforwards		244,000		221,000
Stock based compensation		64,000		80,000
UNICAP		30,000		44,000
Allowance for doubtful accounts		3,000		6,000
Reserve for obsolete inventories		12,000		24,000
Reserve for asset retirement		14,000		24,000
Property and equipment		(159,000)		(283,000)
		1,246,000		1,932,000
Valuation allowance		(1,246,000)		(1,932,000)
Net	$	-	$	-

Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation [Table Text Block]

For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, a reconciliation of the statutory rate and effective rate for the provisions for income taxes consists of the following:

	Percentage
	2017			2016
Federal statutory rate		35.0	%		35.0	%
State/city tax		24.0			0.0
Non-deductible expense		532.6			(8.7)
Valuation allowance		(567.6)			(26.3)
Effective rate		24.0	%		0.0	%

Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit) [Table Text Block]

Components of the income tax provision are as follows:

	2017		2016
Current	$	1,921	$	-
Deferred:
NOL utilization/expiration under 2017 tax law		87,247		(183,000)
General business credits		(23,087)		(22,000)
Other temporary differences		(43,756)		17,000
Change in valuation allowance		(20,404)		188,000
Change in NOL benefit due to 2018 Tax Reform		691,695		-
Change in temporary differences due to 2018 Tax Reform		(25,595)		-
Change in valuation allowance due to 2018 Tax Reform		(666,100)		-
Total	$	1,921	$	-

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Asset Retirement Obligation (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Asset Retirement Obligation Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Asset Retirement Obligations [Table Text Block]

Following is a reconciliation of the aggregate retirement liability associated with the Company’s obligation to dismantle and remove the machinery and equipment associated with its lease:

Balance at January 1, 2016	$	65,578
Increase in present value of the obligation (accretion expense in the corresponding amount charged against earnings)		-
Balance at December 31, 2016	$	65,578
Increase in present value of the obligation (accretion expense in the corresponding amount charged against earnings)		1,218
Balance at December 31, 2017	$	66,796

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details Textual) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Adjustments to Additional Paid in Capital, Share-based Compensation, Requisite Service Period Recognition	$ 120,090	$ 120,089
Allowance For Doubtful Accounts Receivable, Current	15,000	15,000
Inventory Valuation Reserves	56,000	67,640
Depreciation	460,637	445,891
Deferred Finance Costs, Net	787	10,226
Amortization of Financing Costs	9,439	9,439
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Nonvested Awards, Compensation Cost Not yet Recognized	20,075
Research and Development Expense, Total	330,805	319,476
Share-based Compensation, Total	201,574	172,685
Bad Debt Expense	0	0
Debt Issuance Costs, Current, Net	$ 787	10,226
Computer Equipment [Member]
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Useful Life	3 years
Leasehold Improvements [Member]
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Estimated Useful Lives	amortized over the shorter of the estimated useful life or the term of the lease.
Other Equipment [Member]
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Useful Life	16 years
Patents [Member]
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Gross	$ 34,935	0
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Accumulated Amortization	0	0
Amortization of Intangible Assets	0	0
Non Employee Board [Member]
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Adjustments to Additional Paid in Capital, Share-based Compensation, Requisite Service Period Recognition	$ 76,984	$ 52,595
Customer One [Member] | Sales Revenue, Net [Member]
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Concentration Risk, Percentage	72.00%	53.00%
Customer Two [Member] | Sales Revenue, Net [Member]
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Concentration Risk, Percentage	9.00%	12.00%
Two Customers [Member] | Accounts Receivable [Member]
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Concentration Risk, Percentage	65.00%	68.00%

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Inventories (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Inventory [Line Items]
Raw materials	$ 141,733	$ 110,752
Work-in-process	370,318	249,057
Finished goods	161,393	84,392
Inventory, Gross	673,444	444,201
Reserve for obsolete inventory	(56,000)	(67,640)
Inventory, Net	$ 617,444	$ 376,561

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Notes Payable (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Debt Conversion [Line Items]
Notes Payable	$ 221,892	$ 403,739
Debt issuance costs at December 31	787	10,226
Total notes payable after debt issuance costs	221,105	393,513
Less current portion	221,105	172,408
Notes payable, net of current portion	0	221,105
Ohio Air Quality Development Authority Loan [Member]
Debt Conversion [Line Items]
Notes Payable	49,811	114,512
Ohio Development Services Agency One [Member]
Debt Conversion [Line Items]
Notes Payable	$ 172,081	$ 289,227

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Notes Payable (Details 1) - Notes Payable [Member]	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($)
Debt Conversion [Line Items]
2018	$ 221,105
2019	0
2020	0
2021	0
2022	$ 0

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Notes Payable (Details Textual) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Mar. 20, 2012	Dec. 31, 2010
Ohio Development Services Agency [Member]
Debt Conversion [Line Items]
Line of Credit Facility, Interest Rate During Period	3.00%
Line of Credit Facility, Amount Outstanding	$ 172,081
Servicing Fee Annual Percent Fee	0.25%
Line of Credit Facility, Periodic Payment	$ 10,400
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity			$ 744,250
Debt Issuances Cost	319
Ohio Development Services Agency [Member] | Line of Credit [Member]
Debt Conversion [Line Items]
Line of Credit Facility, Final Periodic Payment	$ 71,900
Ohio Air Quality Development Authority [Member]
Debt Conversion [Line Items]
Line of Credit Facility, Capacity Available for Specific Purpose Other than for Trade Purchases		$ 368,906	$ 1,400,000
Line of Credit Facility, Interest Rate During Period	3.00%
Line of Credit Facility, Amount Outstanding	$ 49,811
Debt Issuances Cost	467
Line Of Credit Facility, State Final Periodic Payment	$ 50,400

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Lease Obligations (Details)	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($)
Operating Leased Assets [Line Items]
2018	$ 106,749
2019	107,512
2020	108,123
2021	110,370
2022 and beyond	329,706
Total minimum lease payments	$ 762,460

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Lease Obligations (Details 1) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Capital Leased Assets [Line Items]
2018	$ 142,981
2019	96,372
2020	56,859
2021	40,449
2022 and beyond	0
Total minimum lease payments	336,661
Less amount representing interest	25,417
Present value of minimum lease payments	311,244
Less current portion	129,500	$ 121,383
Capital lease obligations, net of current portion	$ 181,744	$ 225,944

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Lease Obligations (Details 2) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Capital Leased Assets [Line Items]
Machinery and equipment	$ 706,050	$ 632,995
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization	194,588	136,784
Net book value	$ 511,462	$ 496,211

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Lease Obligations (Details Textual) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Operating Leased Assets [Line Items]
Operating Leases, Rent Expense	$ 194,209	$ 165,769

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Common and Preferred Stock (Details)	Dec. 31, 2017 shares
Cumulative Preferred Stock [Member]
Preferred Stock, Shares Authorized	10,000
Preferred Stock, Shares Outstanding	0
Voting Preferred Stock [Member]
Preferred Stock, Shares Authorized	125,000
Preferred Stock, Shares Outstanding	0
Cumulative Non Voting Preferred Stock [Member]
Preferred Stock, Shares Authorized	125,000	[1]
Preferred Stock, Shares Outstanding	24,152

[1] Includes 700 shares of Series A Preferred Stock and 100,000 shares of Convertible Series B Preferred Stock authorized for issuance.

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Common and Preferred Stock (Details 1) - shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share, Amount	405,599	421,823
Employee Stock Option [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share, Amount	381,447	397,671
Series B Preferred Stock [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share, Amount	24,152	24,152

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Common and Preferred Stock (Details 2) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Loss applicable to common stock	$ (18,061)	$ (730,206)
Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic	4,138,516	4,052,128
Effect of dilutions - stock options	0	0
Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted	4,138,516	4,052,128

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Common and Preferred Stock (Details Textual) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 1996
Stock Issued During Period, Value, New Issues	$ 81,484	$ 56,796
Common Stock [Member]
Stock Issued During Period, Value, New Issues	$ 81,484	$ 56,796
Convertible Preferred Stock Series B [Member]
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, New Issues			70,000
Preferred Stock, Shares Authorized	100,000
Preferred Stock, Par or Stated Value Per Share			$ 10
Preferred Stock, Dividend Rate, Percentage			10.00%
Convertible Preferred Stock Conversion Price			$ 5.00
Preferred Stock Redemption Percentage			103.00%
Non Employee Board members [Member]
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, New Issues	84,406	69,296
Stock Issued During Period, Value, New Issues		$ 52,595
Officers [Member]
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, New Issues	4,500
Non Employee Board Members And Officers [Member]
Stock Issued During Period, Value, New Issues	$ 81,484
Series A Preferred Stock [Member]
Preferred Stock, Shares Authorized	700
Series B Preferred Stock [Member]
Accrued Dividend	$ 265,672	$ 241,520
Preferred Stock, Shares Outstanding	24,152	24,152

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Stock Option Plans (Details) - Employee Stock Options [Member] - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock Options, Outstanding, Beginning Balance	397,671	572,857
Stock Options, Expired		(31,000)
Stock Options, Exercised	(16,224)	(5,000)
Stock Options, Forfeited		(139,186)
Stock Options, Outstanding, Ending Balance	381,447	397,671
Stock Options, Options exercisable	303,829	267,668
Stock Options, Options expected to vest	77,618
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Outstanding, Beginning Balance	$ 4.39	$ 4.27
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Expired		3.25
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Exercised	0.84	0.84
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Forfeited		4.29
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Outstanding, Ending Balance	4.54	4.39
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Options exercisable	5.03	$ 5.07
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Options expected to vest	$ 2.64
Weighted Average Contractual Term, Outstanding	2 years 7 months 6 days	3 years 9 months 18 days
Weighted Average Contractual Term, Options exercisable	2 years	3 years
Weighted Average Contractual Term, Options expected to vest	4 years 9 months 18 days
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Outstanding	$ 0
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Options exercisable	0	$ 0
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Options expected to vest	$ 0

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Stock Option Plans (Details 1) - Employee Stock Option [Member]	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017 $ / shares shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Nonvested options at January 1, 2017 | shares	130,003
Vested, Stock Options | shares	(52,385)
Nonvested options at December 31, 2017 | shares	77,618
Nonvested, Weighted Average Exercise Price at January 1, 2017 | $ / shares	$ 3.12
Vested, Weighted Average Exercise Price | $ / shares	3.51
Nonvested, Weighted Average Exercise Price at December 31, 2017 | $ / shares	$ 2.64

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Stock Option Plans (Details Textual) - $ / shares			12 Months Ended
	Jun. 10, 2011	Jun. 09, 2006	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based Compensation, Shares Authorized under Stock Option Plans, Exercise Price Range, Lower Range Limit (in dollars per share)			$ 0.84
Share-based Compensation, Shares Authorized under Stock Option Plans, Exercise Price Range, Upper Range Limit (in dollars per share)			6.00
Share-based Compensation, Shares Authorized under Stock Option Plans, Exercise Price Range, Outstanding Options, Weighted Average Exercise Price			$ 4.54
Plan 2011 [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Number of Shares Authorized	250,000
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Vesting Period	10 years
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Purchase Price of Common Stock, Percent	100.00%
Plan 2006 [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Number of Shares Authorized		600,000
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Vesting Period		10 years
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Purchase Price of Common Stock, Percent		100.00%
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Plan Modification, Description and Terms			Plan which expire at various dates through November 2024
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Number, Beginning Balance			381,447
Employee Stock Option [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term			2 years 7 months 6 days	3 years 9 months 18 days
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement By Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)			$ 4.54	$ 4.39	$ 4.27
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Number, Beginning Balance			381,447	397,671	572,857

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Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Deferred tax assets
NOL carryforwards	$ 1,038,000	$ 1,816,000
General business credits carryforwards	244,000	221,000
Stock based compensation	64,000	80,000
UNICAP	30,000	44,000
Allowance for doubtful accounts	3,000	6,000
Reserve for obsolete inventories	12,000	24,000
Reserve for asset retirement	14,000	24,000
Property and equipment	(159,000)	(283,000)
Deferred Tax Assets, Gross	1,246,000	1,932,000
Valuation allowance	(1,246,000)	(1,932,000)
Net	$ 0	$ 0

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Income Taxes (Details 1)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Federal statutory rate	35.00%	35.00%
State/city tax	24.00%	0.00%
Non-deductible expense	532.60%	(8.70%)
Valuation allowance	(567.60%)	(26.30%)
Effective rate	24.00%	0.00%

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Income Taxes (Details 2) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Current	$ 1,921	$ 0
Deferred:
NOL utilization/expiration under 2017 tax law	87,247	(183,000)
General business credits	(23,087)	(22,000)
Other temporary differences	(43,756)	17,000
Change in temporary differences due to 2018 Tax Reform	(20,404)	188,000
Income Tax Expense (Benefit)	1,921	43
Post Enactment of Tax Rate [Member]
Deferred:
NOL utilization/expiration under 2017 tax law	691,695	0
Other temporary differences	(25,595)	0
Change in temporary differences due to 2018 Tax Reform	$ (666,100)	$ 0

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Income Taxes (Details Textual) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Deferred Tax Assets, Operating Loss Carryforwards, State and Local	$ 4,900,000	$ 5,200,000
Operating Loss Carry forward Expiration Year	2037
Deferred Tax Assets, Valuation Allowance, Current	$ 1,246,000	1,932,000
Deferred Tax Assets, Gross	$ 1,246,000	$ 1,932,000
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation At Federal Statutory Income Tax Rate	35.00%	35.00%
Prior Enactment of Tax Rate [Member]
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Deferred Tax Assets, Gross	$ 1,912,000
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation At Federal Statutory Income Tax Rate	35.00%
Post Enactment of Tax Rate [Member]
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Deferred Tax Assets, Gross	$ 1,246,000
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation At Federal Statutory Income Tax Rate	21.00%

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Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Details Textual)	Dec. 31, 2017
Maximum [Member]
Fair Value, Concentration of Risk, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Long-term Debt, Percentage Bearing Variable Interest, Percentage Rate	6.20%
Minimum [Member]
Fair Value, Concentration of Risk, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Long-term Debt, Percentage Bearing Variable Interest, Percentage Rate	3.00%

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Asset Retirement Obligation (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Asset Retirement Obligation [Line Items]
Beginning balance	$ 65,578	$ 65,578
Increase in present value of the obligation (accretion expense in the corresponding amount charged against earnings)	1,218	0
Ending balance	$ 66,796	$ 65,578

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Subsequent Event (Details Textual) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Capital Leases, Balance Sheet, Assets by Major Class, Net		$ 511,462	$ 496,211
Subsequent Event [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Capital Leases, Balance Sheet, Assets by Major Class, Net	$ 105,325
Capital Lease Obligations Expiration Term	48 months
Capital Lease Obligations Interest Rate	4.60%