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Condensed Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2014
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Condensed Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
1. CONDENSED SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation

These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) for the presentation of interim financial information. Accordingly, certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed, or omitted, pursuant to such rules and regulations. These financial statements do not include all disclosures required for the annual financial statements and should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included as part of our Annual Report on Form 10-K, as amended by Form 10-K/A, for the year ended December 31, 2013. All amounts herein are expressed in United States dollars unless otherwise noted.

In management’s opinion, the condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments (including reclassifications and normal recurring adjustments) necessary to present fairly the financial position at September 30, 2014, and results of operations and cash flows for all periods presented. The interim results presented are not necessarily indicative of results that can be expected for a full year.

The results of operations relating to our former punctal plug delivery system technology (the “PPDS Technology”), which we sold on April 3, 2013 to Mati Therapeutics, Inc. (“Mati”), and our Visudyne® business, which we sold on September 24, 2012 to Valeant Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Valeant”), have been excluded from continuing operations and are reported as discontinued operations for all periods presented. See Note 10— Discontinued Operations for more information.

Principles of Consolidation

These condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of QLT and its subsidiaries, all of which are wholly owned. All intercompany transactions have been eliminated.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting periods presented. Significant estimates include but are not limited to accounts receivable valuation provisions, allocation of overhead expenses to research and development, stock-based compensation, restructuring costs and provisions for taxes, tax assets and liabilities. Actual results may differ from estimates made by management.

 

Segment Information

We operate in one industry segment, which is the business of developing, manufacturing, and commercializing opportunities in ophthalmology. As at the date of this report, our clinical development programs are solely focused on our synthetic retinoid, QLT091001. Our chief operating decision maker reviews our operating results and manages our operations as a single operating segment.

Discontinued Operations and Assets Held for Sale

We consider assets to be held for sale when management approves and commits to a formal plan to actively market the assets for sale. Upon designation as held for sale, the carrying value of the assets is recorded at the lower of their carrying value and their estimated fair value. We cease to record depreciation or amortization expense at that time.

The results of operations, including the gain on disposal for businesses that are classified as held for sale, are excluded from continuing operations and reported as discontinued operations for all periods presented. Other than the provision of certain transition services, we have not had any significant continued involvement with the Visudyne business or the PPDS Technology following their sales. Amounts billed to Valeant and Mati in connection with the provision of these transition services were included within discontinued operations.

Stock-Based Compensation

ASC topic 718 requires stock-based compensation expense, which is measured at fair value on the grant date, to be recognized in the statement of operations over the period in which a grantee is required to provide services in exchange for the stock award. Compensation expense recognition provisions are applicable to new awards as well as previously granted awards which are modified, repurchased or cancelled after the adoption date. We recognize stock-based compensation expense based on the estimated grant date fair value using the Black-Scholes valuation model, adjusted for estimated forfeitures. When estimating forfeitures, we consider attrition rates and trends of actual stock option forfeitures.

The Company has a Deferred Share Unit Plan (“DSU Plan”) for our directors. We recognize compensation expense for Deferred Share Units (“DSUs”) based on the market price of the Company’s stock. A vested DSU is convertible to cash only. The financial obligations related to the future settlement of these DSUs are recognized as compensation expense and accrued liabilities as the DSUs vest. Each reporting period, these obligations are revalued for changes in the market value of QLT’s common shares.

During 2013, the Company issued Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”) to its directors as consideration for their provision of future services as directors (see Note 7(e)). Restricted stock-based compensation expense is measured based on the fair value market price of QLT’s common shares on the grant date and is recognized over the requisite service period, which coincides with the vesting period. RSUs can only be exchanged and settled for QLT’s common shares, on a one-to-one basis, upon vesting.

Income Taxes

Income taxes are reported using the asset and liability method, whereby deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to: (i) differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases, and (ii) operating loss and tax credit carry forwards using applicable enacted tax rates. An increase or decrease in these tax rates will increase or decrease the carrying value of deferred net tax assets resulting in an increase or decrease to net income. Income tax credits, such as investment tax credits, are included as part of the provision for income taxes. The realization of our deferred tax assets is primarily dependent on generating sufficient capital gains and taxable income prior to expiration of any loss carry forward balance. A valuation allowance is provided when it is more likely than not that a deferred tax asset may not be realized. Changes in valuation allowances are included in our tax provision, or included within discontinued operations in the period of change.

Contingent Consideration

Contingent consideration arising from the sale of QLT USA and our Visudyne business is measured at fair value. The contingent consideration is revalued at each reporting period and changes are included in continuing operations. See Note 3 — Contingent Consideration.

 

Net (Loss) Income Per Common Share

Basic net (loss) income per common share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net (loss) income per common share is computed in accordance with the treasury stock method, which uses the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period and also includes the dilutive effect of common shares potentially issuable from outstanding stock options.

Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities

The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables and payables, and contingent consideration approximate fair value. For cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables and trade payables, we estimate fair value using the market approach. For contingent consideration, we estimate fair value using the income approach. The fair values of our financial instruments reflect the amounts that would be received in connection with the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (exit price).

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

No new accounting standards were adopted during the three months ended September 30, 2014.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

In May 2014, FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers. This update removes inconsistencies and weaknesses in revenue requirements, provides a more robust framework for addressing revenue issues, improves comparability of revenue recognition practices across entities, industries, jurisdictions and capital markets, provides more useful information to users of financial statements through improved disclosure requirements and simplifies the preparation of financial statements by reducing the number of requirements to which an entity must refer. The guidance in this update supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in Topic 605 - Revenue Recognition, and most industry-specific guidance throughout the Industry Topics of the Codification. This update also supersedes some cost guidance included in Subtopic 605-35 - Revenue Recognition – Construction-Type and Production-Type Contracts. ASU No. 2014-09 is effective for public entities with reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016. Early adoption is not permitted. Based on management’s current assessment, ASU No. 2014-09 is not expected to impact QLT’s consolidated financial statements.

On August 27, 2014, FASB issued ASU 2014-15 – Presentation of Financial Statements – Going Concern – Disclosure of Uncertainties about and Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern. The new guidance requires management to perform interim and annual assessments of an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year of the date of issuance of the entity’s financial statements. The update also provides guidance on when and how reporting entities should disclose going concern uncertainties in their financial statements. ASU 2014-15 is effective for annual periods ending after December 15, 2016 and interim periods thereafter. Management does not expect ASU 2014-15 to significantly impact QLT’s consolidated financial statements.