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Derivatives (Notes)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

DERIVATIVES

The Company is a party to certain types of financial instruments that are accounted for as derivative instruments. Please refer to Note 1 for information related to the Company’s accounting policy for its derivative instruments.

Types and Uses of Derivatives Instruments

Interest Rate Derivatives. Changing interest rates impact the fair value of the Company’s investments as well as the interest rates on the Company’s repurchase agreement borrowings used to finance its investments. The Company primarily uses interest rate swaps as economic hedges to mitigate declines in book value and to protect some portion of the Company's earnings from rising interest rates. The Company may also periodically utilize other types of interest rate derivatives, such as Eurodollar and U.S. Treasury futures as economic hedges.

TBA Transactions. The Company also holds long positions in TBA securities by executing a series of transactions which effectively delay the settlement of a forward purchase of a non-specified Agency RMBS by entering into an offsetting TBA short position, net settling the paired-off positions in cash, and simultaneously entering into an identical TBA long position with a later settlement date. These long positions in TBA securities (“dollar roll positions”) are viewed by management as economically equivalent to investing in and financing non-specified fixed-rate Agency RMBS. TBA securities purchased for a forward settlement month are generally priced at a discount relative to TBA securities sold for settlement in the current month. This discount, often referred to as “drop income” represents the economic equivalent of net interest income (interest income less implied financing cost) on the underlying Agency security from trade date to settlement date.

Periodically, the Company may also hold short positions in TBA securities for the purpose of economically hedging a portion of the impact of changing interest rates on the fair value of the Company’s fixed-rate Agency RMBS. The Company did not hold any short positions in TBA securities as of December 31, 2018.

The table below summarizes information about the fair value by type of derivative instrument on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets as of the dates indicated:



Type of Derivative Instrument	Balance Sheet Location	Purpose	December 31, 2018			December 31, 2017
Interest rate swaps	Derivative assets	Economic hedging	$	324		$	791
Eurodollar futures	Derivative assets	Economic hedging	—			666
TBA securities	Derivative assets	Trading	6,239			1,483
			$	6,563		$	2,940

U.S. Treasury futures	Derivative liabilities	Economic hedging	$	(1,218	)	$	—
TBA securities	Derivative liabilities	Economic hedging	—			(269		)
			$	(1,218	)	$	(269	)

The table below provides detail of the Company’s “(loss) gain on derivative instruments, net” by type of derivative for the periods indicated:



	Year Ended
	December 31,
Type of Derivative Instrument	2018			2017			2016
Receive-fixed interest rate swaps	$	(1,658	)	$	23		$	2,515
Pay-fixed interest rate swaps	12,021			(2,655		)	(3,306		)
Eurodollar futures	1,887			821			(4,815		)
TBA dollar roll positions	(10,737		)	5,757			—
TBA economic hedges	293			(902		)	—
U.S. Treasury futures	(4,609		)	—			—
Options on U.S. Treasury futures	(658		)	—			—
(Loss) gain on derivative instruments, net	$	(3,461	)	$	3,044		$	(5,606	)

There is a net unrealized gain of $165 remaining in AOCI on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2018 which represents the activity related to interest rate swap agreements while they were previously designated as cash flow hedges, and this amount will be recognized in the Company’s net income as an adjustment to “interest expense” over the remaining contractual life of the agreements. The Company estimates a credit of $126 will be reclassified to net income as a reduction of “interest expense” within the next 12 months.

Interest Rate Swaps

The following tables present information about the Company’s interest rate swaps as of the dates indicated:



	December 31, 2018
			Weighted-Average:
Years to Maturity:	Net Notional Amount ⁽¹⁾		Pay Rate ⁽²⁾		Life Remaining (in Years)	Fair Value ⁽³⁾
< 3 years	$	1,560,000	1.96	%	1.4	$	324
>3 and < 6 years	1,230,000		2.23	%	4.4	—
>6 and < 10 years	1,505,000		2.80	%	8.3	—
>10 years	220,000		2.81	%	21.9	—
Total	$	4,515,000	2.35	%	5.5	$	324

	December 31, 2017
			Weighted-Average:
Years to Maturity:	Net Notional Amount ⁽¹⁾		Pay Rate ⁽²⁾		Life Remaining (in Years)	Fair Value ⁽³⁾
< 3 years	$	3,320,000	1.35	%	0.7	$	791
>3 and < 6 years	1,210,000		2.00	%	4.6	—
>6 and < 10 years	1,025,000		2.49	%	8.0	—
>10 years	120,000		2.75	%	17.3	—
Total	$	5,675,000	1.71	%	3.1	$	791


(1)	The net notional amounts included in the tables above represent pay-fixed interest rate swaps, net of any receive-fixed interest rate swaps, and include $775,000 and $2,655,000 of pay-fixed forward starting interest rate swaps as of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.


(2)	Excluding forward starting pay-fixed interest rate swaps, the weighted average pay rate was 2.29% and 1.36% as of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.


(3)	The majority of the Company’s interest rate swap agreements are centrally cleared through the CME. Please refer to Note 1 for information regarding the exchange of variation margin being legally considered as settlement of the derivative as opposed to a pledge of collateral.

A portion of the Company’s interest rate swaps were entered into under bilateral agreements which contain cross-default provisions with other agreements between the parties. In addition, these bilateral agreements contain financial and operational covenants similar to those contained in the repurchase agreements as described in Note 3. The Company was in compliance with all covenants with respect to bilateral agreements under which interest rate swaps were entered into as of December 31, 2018.

TBA Securities

The following table summarizes information about the Company's TBA securities as of the dates indicated:



	December 31, 2018
TBA Securities:	Notional Amount ⁽¹⁾		Implied Cost Basis ⁽²⁾			Implied Market Value ⁽³⁾			Net Carrying Value ⁽⁴⁾
Dollar roll positions	$	860,000	$	882,230		$	888,469		$	6,239
	December 31, 2017
	Notional Amount ⁽¹⁾		Implied Cost Basis ⁽²⁾			Implied Market Value ⁽³⁾			Net Carrying Value ⁽⁴⁾
Dollar roll positions	$	795,000	$	829,425		$	830,908		$	1,483
Economic hedges	$	150,000	$	(153,797	)	$	(154,066	)	$	(269	)


(1)	Notional amount represents the par value (or principal balance) of the underlying Agency MBS as if settled as of the date indicated.


(2)	Implied cost basis represents the forward price to be paid for the underlying Agency MBS as if settled as of the date indicated.


(3)	Implied market value represents the estimated fair value of the underlying Agency MBS as if settled as of the date indicated.


(4)	Net carrying value is the amount included on the consolidated balance sheets within “derivative assets (liabilities)” and represents the difference between the implied market value and the implied cost basis of the TBA security as of the date indicated.

Volume of Activity

The tables below summarize changes in the Company’s derivative instruments for the periods indicated:



Type of Derivative Instrument	Notional Amount as of December 31, 2017		Additions		Settlements, Terminations, or Pair-Offs			Notional Amount as of December 31, 2018
Receive-fixed interest rate swaps	$	100,000	$	—	$	(100,000	)	$	—
Pay-fixed interest rate swaps	5,775,000		1,770,000		(3,030,000		)	4,515,000
Eurodollar futures ⁽¹⁾	1,950,000		—		(1,950,000		)	—
TBA dollar roll positions	795,000		9,689,000		(9,624,000		)	860,000
TBA economic hedges	150,000		—		(150,000		)	—
U.S. Treasury futures	—		470,000		(420,000		)	50,000
Options on U.S. Treasury futures	—		800,000		(800,000		)	—


(1)	The Eurodollar futures notional amounts represent the total notional of the 3-month contracts all of which expired in 2018. The maximum notional outstanding for any future 3-month period did not exceed $650,000 during the period indicated.

Offsetting

The Company's derivatives are subject to underlying agreements with master netting or similar arrangements, which provide for the right of offset in the event of default or in the event of bankruptcy of either party to the transactions. The Company reports its derivative assets and liabilities subject to these arrangements on a gross basis. The following tables present information regarding those derivative assets and liabilities subject to such arrangements as if the Company had presented them on a net basis as of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017:



	Offsetting of Assets
	Gross Amount of Recognized Assets		Gross Amount Offset in the Balance Sheet		Net Amount of Assets Presented in the Balance Sheet		Gross Amount Not Offset in the Balance Sheet ⁽¹⁾						Net Amount
	Gross Amount of Recognized Assets		Gross Amount Offset in the Balance Sheet		Net Amount of Assets Presented in the Balance Sheet		Financial Instruments Received as Collateral			Cash Received as Collateral			Net Amount
December 31, 2018
Interest rate swaps	$	324	$	—	$	324	$	—		$	—		$	324
TBA securities	6,239		—		6,239		—			(1,719		)	4,520
Derivative assets	$	6,563	$	—	$	6,563	$	—		$	(1,719	)	$	4,844
December 31, 2017
Interest rate swaps	$	791	$	—	$	791	$	—		$	—		$	791
Eurodollar futures	666		—		666		—			(666		)	—
TBA securities	1,483		—		1,483		(180		)	—			1,303
Derivative assets	$	2,940	$	—	$	2,940	$	(180	)	$	(666	)	$	2,094



	Offsetting of Liabilities
	Gross Amount of Recognized Liabilities		Gross Amount Offset in the Balance Sheet		Net Amount of Liabilities Presented in the Balance Sheet		Gross Amount Not Offset in the Balance Sheet ⁽¹⁾						Net Amount
	Gross Amount of Recognized Liabilities		Gross Amount Offset in the Balance Sheet		Net Amount of Liabilities Presented in the Balance Sheet		Financial Instruments Posted as Collateral			Cash Posted as Collateral			Net Amount
December 31, 2018
Interest rate swaps	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—		$	—		$	—
U.S. Treasury futures	1,218		—		1,218		—			(1,218		)	—
Derivative liabilities	$	1,218	$	—	$	1,218	$	—		$	(1,218	)	$	—

December 31, 2017
Interest rate swaps	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—		$	—		$	—
TBA securities	269		—		269		(180		)	—			89
Derivative liabilities	$	269	$	—	$	269	$	(180	)	$	—		$	89

(1)

Amounts disclosed for collateral received by or posted to the same counterparty include cash and the fair value of MBS up to and not exceeding the net amount of the derivative asset or liability presented in the balance sheet. The fair value of the total collateral received by or posted to the same counterparty may exceed the amounts presented. Please refer to the consolidated balance sheets for the total cash posted as collateral, which is recorded as "restricted cash", and the total fair value of financial instruments pledged as collateral for derivatives and repurchase agreements, which is shown parenthetically.

Please see Note 3 for information related to the Company’s repurchase agreements which are also subject to underlying agreements with master netting or similar arrangements.