10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C.  20549

FORM 10-Q

☑ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2024

or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ____________________ to ____________________

Commission file number:  0-18953

AAON, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) 

	Nevada		87-0448736
	(State or other jurisdiction		(IRS Employer
	of incorporation or organization)		Identification No.)
	2425 South Yukon Ave.,	Tulsa,	Oklahoma	74107
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

(918) 583-2266

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $.004 par value per share	AAON	NASDAQ

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes  ☑                 No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).

Yes ☑                  No ☐  

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definition of "large accelerated filer", "accelerated filer", "small reporting company", and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☑	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes ☐                      No ☑

As of April 30, 2024, registrant had outstanding a total of 82,209,281 shares of its $.004 par value Common Stock.

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements.

AAON, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(Unaudited)
	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Assets	(in thousands, except share and per share data)
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	8,385	$	287
Restricted cash	19,982		8,736
Accounts receivable, net	109,662		138,108
Inventories, net	196,252		213,532
Contract assets	50,581		45,194
Prepaid expenses and other	7,365		3,097
Total current assets	392,227		408,954
Property, plant and equipment:
Land	15,918		15,438
Buildings	224,128		205,841
Machinery and equipment	401,637		391,366
Furniture and fixtures	42,861		40,787
Total property, plant and equipment	684,544		653,432
Less:  Accumulated depreciation	293,980		283,485
Property, plant and equipment, net	390,564		369,947
Intangible assets, net	70,664		68,053
Goodwill	81,892		81,892
Right of use assets	16,696		11,774
Other long-term assets	878		816
Total assets	$	952,921	$	941,436
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	15,438	$	27,484
Accrued liabilities	93,198		85,508
Contract liabilities	16,527		13,757
Total current liabilities	125,163		126,749
Revolving credit facility, long-term	—		38,328
Deferred tax liabilities	5,030		12,134
Other long-term liabilities	21,926		16,807
New markets tax credit obligations1	15,994		12,194
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, $.001 par value, 5,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued	—		—
Common stock, $.004 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized, 82,117,680 and 81,508,381 issued and outstanding at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively	329		326
Additional paid-in capital	139,184		122,063
Retained earnings	645,295		612,835
Total stockholders' equity	784,808		735,224
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	952,921	$	941,436
1 Held by variable interest entities (Note 16)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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AAON, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Income
(Unaudited)
	Three Months Ended   March 31,
	2024		2023
	(in thousands, except share and per share data)
Net sales	$	262,099	$	265,953
Cost of sales	169,857		188,799
Gross profit	92,242		77,154
Selling, general and administrative expenses	45,288		32,942
(Gain) loss on disposal of assets	(16)		6
Income from operations	46,970		44,206
Interest expense, net	(239)		(1,150)
Other income, net	77		114
Income before taxes	46,808		43,170
Income tax provision	7,792		6,356
Net income	$	39,016	$	36,814
Earnings per share:
Basic1	$	0.48	$	0.46
Diluted1	$	0.46	$	0.44
Cash dividends declared per common share1:	$	0.08	$	0.08
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic1	81,661,972		80,460,897
Diluted1	84,044,670		82,860,958
1 Reflects three-for-two stock split effective August 16, 2023.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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AAON, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity
(Unaudited)
	Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
	Common Stock			Paid-in		Retained
1 Reflects three-for-two stock split effective August 16, 2023	Shares1	Amount1		Capital		Earnings1		Total
	(in thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2023	81,508	$	326	$	122,063	$	612,835	$	735,224
Net income	—	—		—		39,016		39,016
Stock options exercised and restricted	403	2		9,842		—		9,844
stock awards granted
Contingent shares issued (Note 15)	243	1		6,363		—		6,364
Share-based compensation	—	—		3,957		—		3,957
Stock repurchased and retired	(36)	—		(3,041)		—		(3,041)
Dividends	—	—		—		(6,556)		(6,556)
Balance at March 31, 2024	82,118	$	329	$	139,184	$	645,295	$	784,808
	Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
	Common Stock			Paid-in		Retained
	Shares1	Amount1		Capital		Earnings1		Total
	(in thousands)
Balances at December 31, 2022	80,138	$	322	$	98,735	$	461,657	560,714
Net income	—	—		—		36,814		36,814
Stock options exercised and restricted	1,183	3		15,853		—		15,856
stock awards granted
Share-based compensation	—	—		3,519		—		3,519
Stock repurchased and retired	(18)	—		(1,030)		—		(1,030)
Dividends	—	—		—		(6,459)		(6,459)
Balance at March 31, 2023	81,303	$	325	$	117,077	$	492,012	$	609,414

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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AAON, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(Unaudited)
	Three Months Ended   March 31,
	2024		2023
Operating Activities	(in thousands)
Net income	$	39,016	$	36,814
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	13,437		10,274
Amortization of debt issuance costs	31		11
Amortization of right of use assets	12		29
Provision for (recoveries of) credit losses on accounts receivable, net of adjustments	112		(56)
Provision for excess and obsolete inventories, net of write-offs	581		221
Share-based compensation	3,957		3,519
(Gain) loss on disposition of assets	(16)		6
Foreign currency transaction loss (gain)	11		(2)
Interest income on note receivable	(5)		(6)
Deferred income taxes	(740)		921
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	28,334		(33,740)
Income taxes	8,221		5,262
Inventories	16,699		(861)
Contract assets	(5,387)		25
Prepaid expenses and other long-term assets	(4,349)		(3,613)
Accounts payable	(9,968)		(16,318)
Contract liabilities	2,770		713
Extended warranties	698		777
Accrued liabilities and other long-term liabilities	(1,044)		847
Net cash provided by operating activities	92,370		4,823
Investing Activities
Capital expenditures	(34,688)		(28,935)
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment	16		102
Software development expenditures	(4,055)		—
Principal payments from note receivable	13		14
Net cash used in investing activities	(38,714)		(28,819)
Financing Activities
Proceeds from financing obligation, net of issuance costs	4,186		—
Payment related to financing costs	(417)		—
Borrowings under revolving credit facility	115,130		105,172
Payments under revolving credit facility	(153,458)		(92,512)
Stock options exercised	9,844		15,856
Employee taxes paid by withholding shares	(3,041)		(1,030)
Cash dividends paid to stockholders	(6,556)		(6,459)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(34,312)		21,027
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	19,344		(2,969)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period	9,023		5,949
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	$	28,367	$	2,980

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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AAON, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

1. General

Basis of Presentation

AAON, Inc. is a Nevada corporation which was incorporated on August 18, 1987. Our operating subsidiaries include AAON, Inc. ("AAON Oklahoma"), an Oklahoma corporation, AAON Coil Products, Inc. ("AAON Coil Products"), a Texas corporation, and BASX, Inc. ("BASX"), an Oregon corporation (collectively, the “Company”). The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of AAON, Inc. and our operating subsidiaries, all of which are wholly-owned, have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).

Our financial statements consolidate all of our affiliated entities in which we have a controlling financial interest. Because we hold certain rights that give us the power to direct the activities of eight variable interest entities ("VIEs") (Note 16) that most significantly impact the VIEs economic performance, combined with a variable interest that gives us the right to receive potentially significant benefits or the obligation to absorb potentially significant losses, we have a controlling financial interest in those VIEs.

These financial statements have not been audited by the Company's independent registered public accounting firm, except that the consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2023 is derived from audited consolidated financial statements. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. The financial statements reflect all adjustments (all of which are of a normal recurring nature) which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair statement of the results for the interim periods presented. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for a full year. Certain disclosures have been condensed in or omitted from these consolidated financial statements. The accompanying unaudited financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

We are engaged in the engineering, manufacturing, marketing, and sale of premium air conditioning and heating equipment consisting of standard, semi-custom, and custom rooftop units, data centers cooling solutions, cleanroom systems, packaged outdoor mechanical rooms, air handling units, makeup air units, energy recovery units, condensing units, geothermal/water-source heat pumps, coils, and controls.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Because these estimates and assumptions require significant judgment, actual results could differ from those estimates and could have a significant impact on our results of operations, financial position, and cash flows. We reevaluate our estimates and assumptions as needed, but at a minimum on a quarterly basis. The most significant estimates include, but are not limited to, inventory valuation, inventory reserves, warranty accrual, workers' compensation accrual, medical insurance accrual, income taxes, useful lives of property, plant, and equipment, estimated future use of leased property, share-based compensation, revenue percentage of completion and estimated costs to complete. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

Inflation and Labor Market

In 2023, we saw the slowing of inflation and some stabilization of raw material and component prices. Due to our favorable liquidity position, we continue to make strategic purchases of materials when we see opportunities. We continue to monitor and manage increases in the cost of raw materials through price increases for our products. We have also experienced supply chain challenges related to specific manufacturing parts, which we have managed through our strong vendor relationships as well as expanding our list of vendors.

Additionally, we continue to experience challenges in a tight labor market, especially the hiring of both skilled and unskilled production labor. We have implemented the following wage increases to remain competitive and to attract and retain employees:

•In March 2023, we awarded annual merit raises for an overall 3.9% increase to wages.

•In March 2024, we awarded annual merit raises for an overall 3.3% increase to wages.

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We continue to implement human resource initiatives to retain and attract labor to further increase production capacity. Beginning in 2023, initiatives included changing our employee paid time off policy, historically awarded in arrears at the beginning of each quarter, to accrue ratably over each pay period. Additionally, we enhanced our benefits for short-term disability, life insurance, paid parental leave, and paid military leave.

Despite efforts to mitigate the impact of inflation, supply chain issues and the tight labor market, future disruptions, while temporary, could negatively impact our consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

WH Series and WV Series Water Source Heat Pump Units

As part of the normal course of business, management continually monitors the profitability of the Company's various product series offerings. During the third quarter of 2022, management made the decision to no longer produce our small packaged geothermal/water-source heat pump units consisting of the WH Series horizontal configuration and WV Series vertical configuration, from one-half to 12 1/2 tons ("WH/WV"). These WH/WV units were produced solely out of the AAON Oklahoma facility. Production of the remaining WH/WV backlog was completed during the second quarter 2023.

Accounting Policies

A comprehensive discussion of our critical accounting policies and management estimates is included in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Fair Value Measurements

The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, receivables, accounts payable, and accrued liabilities approximate fair value because of the short-term maturity of the items. The carrying amount of the Company’s revolving line of credit, and other payables, approximate their fair values either due to their short term nature, the variable rates associated with the debt or based on current rates offered to the Company for debt with similar characteristics.

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value is based upon assumptions that market participants would use when pricing an asset or liability. We use the following fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes valuation technique inputs used to measure fair value into three broad levels:

•Level 1: Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities that we have the ability to access at the measurement date.

•Level 2: Inputs (other than quoted prices included within Level 1) that are either directly or indirectly observable for the asset or liability, including (i) quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, (ii) quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets, (iii) inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, and (iv) inputs that are derived from observable market data by correlation or other means.

•Level 3: Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability including situations where there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability. Items categorized in Level 3 include the estimated fair values of intangible assets, contingent consideration, and goodwill acquired in a business combination.

The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). In some cases, the inputs used to measure fair value might fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. The lowest level input that is significant to a fair value measurement determines the applicable level in the fair value hierarchy. Assessing the significance of a particular input to a fair value measurement requires judgment, considering factors specific to the asset or liability.

Definite-Lived Intangible Assets

Our definite-lived intangible assets include various trademarks, service marks, and technical knowledge acquired in business combinations or asset acquisitions. We amortize our definite-lived intangible assets on a straight-line basis over the estimated

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useful lives of the assets. We evaluate the carrying value of our amortizable intangible assets for potential impairment when events and circumstances warrant such a review. 

Amortization is computed using the straight-line method over the following estimated useful lives:

Intellectual property	6 - 30 years
Customer relationships	14 years

Software Development Costs

We capitalize costs incurred to purchase or develop software for internal use. Internal-use software development costs are capitalized during the application development stage. These capitalized costs are reflected in intangible assets, net on the consolidated balance sheets and are amortized over the estimated useful life of the software. The useful life of our internal-use software development costs is generally 1-6 years.

Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets

Goodwill represents the excess of the consideration paid for the acquired businesses over the fair value of the individual assets acquired, net of liabilities assumed. Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are not amortized, but instead are evaluated for impairment at least annually. We perform our annual assessment of impairment during the fourth quarter of our fiscal year, and more frequently if circumstances warrant.

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill were as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
	(in thousands)
Balance, beginning of period	$	81,892	$	81,892
Additions (decreases) during the period	—		—
Balance, end of period	$	81,892	$	81,892

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Changes to U.S. GAAP are established by the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") in the form of Accounting Standards Updates ("ASUs") to the FASB's Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC"). We consider the applicability and impact of all ASUs. ASUs not listed or included within the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, were assessed and determined to be either not applicable or are expected to have minimal impact on our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto.

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2.  Revenue Recognition

The following tables show disaggregated net sales by reportable segment (Note 19) by major source, net of intercompany sales eliminations.

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
	AAON Oklahoma		AAON Coil Products		BASX		Total
	(in thousands)
Rooftop units	$	191,265	$	—	$	—	$	191,265
Condensing units	—		10,909		—		10,909
Air handlers	—		9,547		2,187		11,734
Outdoor mechanical rooms	—		—		—		—
Cleanroom systems	—		—		7,313		7,313
Data center cooling solutions	—		206		17,673		17,879
Water-source heat pumps	—		1,581		—		1,581
Part sales	15,317		6		278		15,601
Other1	3,558		1,998		261		5,817
	$	210,140	$	24,247	$	27,712	$	262,099
	Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
	AAON Oklahoma		AAON Coil Products		BASX		Total
	(in thousands)
Rooftop units	$	180,026	$	—	$	—	$	180,026
Condensing units	—		15,278		—		15,278
Air handlers	—		12,221		3,038		15,259
Outdoor mechanical rooms	208		151		—		359
Cleanroom systems	—		—		12,622		12,622
Data center cooling solutions	—		1,446		14,476		15,922
Water-source heat pumps	2,730		3,080		—		5,810
Part sales	13,904		1		248		14,153
Other1	5,134		1,235		155		6,524
	$	202,002	$	33,412	$	30,539	$	265,953
1 Other sales include freight, extended warranties and miscellaneous revenue.

Due to the highly customized nature of many of the Company’s products and each product not having an alternative use to the Company without significant costs to the Company, the Company recognizes revenue over time as progress is made toward satisfying the performance obligations of each contract. The Company has formal cancellation policies and generally does not accept returns on these units. As a result, many of the Company’s products do not have an alternative use and therefore, for these products we recognize revenue over the time it takes to produce the unit.

Contract costs include direct materials, direct labor, installation, freight and delivery, commissions and royalties. Other costs not related to contract performance, such as indirect labor and materials, small tools and supplies, operating expenses, field rework and back charges are charged to expense as incurred. Provisions for estimated losses on contracts in progress are made in the period in which such losses are determined. Changes in job performance, job conditions, and estimated profitability, including those arising from contract penalty provisions and final contract settlements, may result in revisions to costs and income, and are estimated and recognized by the Company throughout the life of the contract. The aggregate of costs incurred and income recognized on uncompleted contracts in excess of billings is shown as a contract asset within our consolidated

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balance sheets, and the aggregate of billings on uncompleted contracts in excess of related costs incurred and income recognized is shown as a contract liability within our consolidated balance sheets.

For all other products that are part sales or standardized units, the Company recognizes revenue, presented net of sales tax, when it satisfies the performance obligation in its contracts. As the primary performance obligation in such a contract is delivery of the requested manufactured equipment, we satisfy the performance obligation when the control is passed to the customer, generally at time of shipment. Final sales prices are fixed based on purchase orders.

Sales allowances and customer incentives are treated as reductions to sales and are provided for based on historical experiences and current estimates.

Historically, sales of our products were moderately seasonal with the peak period being May-October of each year due to timing of construction projects being directly related to warmer weather. However, in recent years, given the increases in demand of our product and increases in our backlog, sales has become more constant throughout the year.

Product Warranties

A provision is made for the estimated cost of maintaining product warranties to customers at the time the product is sold based upon historical claims experience by product line. The Company records a liability and an expense for estimated future warranty claims based upon historical experience and management’s estimate of the level of future claims. Changes in the estimated amounts recognized in prior years are recorded as an adjustment to the liability and expense in the current year.

The Company also sells extended warranties on parts for various lengths of time ranging from six months to 10 years. Revenue for these separately priced warranties is deferred and recognized on a straight-line basis over the separately priced warranty period.

Representatives and Third Party Products

We are responsible for billings and collections resulting from all sales transactions, including those initiated by our independent manufacturer representatives (“Representatives”). Representatives are national companies that are in the business of providing HVAC units and other related products and services to customers. The end user customer orders a bundled group of products and services from the Representative and expects the Representative to fulfill the order. These additional products and services may include controls purchased from another manufacturer to operate the unit, start-up services, and curbs for supporting the unit (“Third Party Products”). All are associated with the purchase of a HVAC unit but may be provided by the Representative or another third party. Only after the specifications are agreed to by the Representative and the customer, and the decision is made to use an AAON HVAC unit, will we receive notice of the order. We establish the amount we must receive for our HVAC unit (“minimum sales price”), but do not control the total order price that is negotiated by the Representative with the end user customer. The Representatives submit the total order price to us for invoicing and collection. The total order price includes our minimum sales price and an additional amount which may include both the Representatives’ fee and amounts due for additional products and services required by the customer. The Company is considered the principal for the equipment we design and manufacture and records that revenue. The Company has no control over the Third Party Products to the end customer and the Company is under no obligation related to the Third Party Products. Amounts related to Third Party Products are not recognized as revenue but are recorded as a liability and are included in accrued liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.

The Representatives’ fee and Third Party Products amounts (“Due to Representatives”) are paid only after all amounts associated with the order are collected from the customer. The amount of payments to our Representatives were $10.8 million and $13.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

3. Leases

The Company has various lease arrangements for certain manufacturing and warehousing facilities, equipment rental, as well as administrative facilities. Lease expiration dates, including expected renewal options, range from April 2025 to November 2033.

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The discount rates used to calculate the present value of lease payment range from 1.3% to 6.6% as of March 31, 2024. Currently, all leases are classified as operating leases.

The following table presents the balances by lease type:

	Balance Sheet Classification	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Operating Leases
Right of use assets	Right of use assets	$	16,696	$	11,774
Lease liability, short-term	Accrued liabilities	$	2,274	$	2,021
Lease liability, long-term	Other long-term liabilities	$	14,882	$	10,201

Since 2018, the Company has leased the manufacturing, engineering, and office space used by our operations in Parkville, Missouri. The lease provides approximately 86,000 square feet of manufacturing and office space. The lease expires December 31, 2032.

In November 2022, the Company entered into a lease agreement for land and facilities in Tulsa, Oklahoma which provides an additional 198,000 square feet to support our operations. In January 2024, we amended the lease for an additional 157,550 square feet for operations and parts distribution. The amended lease term will expire November 30, 2029.

In July 2023, the Company entered into a lease agreement with a start date of September 1, 2023, for land and approximately 72,000 square feet of facilities in Redmond, Oregon to support our manufacturing operations. The lease term is approximately five years with additional renewal options.

We also lease several properties near our Redmond, Oregon location. In the aggregate, these leases contain approximately 104,500 square feet of additional warehouse space. These leases have expiring terms from February 2025 to November 2033.

Total undiscounted future lease payments are as follows:

	(in thousands)
2024	$	2,415
2025	3,100
2026	3,046
2027	3,136
2028	3,130
Thereafter	6,403

4.  Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable and the related allowance for credit losses are as follows:

 

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(in thousands)
Accounts receivable	$	110,097	$	138,431
Less:  Allowance for credit losses	(435)		(323)
Total, net	$	109,662	$	138,108

 

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
Allowance for credit losses:	(in thousands)
Balance, beginning of period	$	323	$	477
Provisions for (recoveries of) expected credit	112		(56)
losses, net of adjustments
Balance, end of period	$	435	$	421

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5.  Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined by the first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) method. We establish an allowance for excess and obsolete inventories based on product line changes, the feasibility of substituting parts and the need for supply and replacement parts.

The components of inventories and related changes in the allowance for excess and obsolete inventories account are as follows:

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(in thousands)
Raw materials	$	192,446	$	211,259
Work in process	7,497		5,523
Finished goods	3,050		2,910
Total, gross	202,993		219,692
Less:  Allowance for excess and obsolete inventories	(6,741)		(6,160)
Total, net	$	196,252	$	213,532

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
Allowance for excess and obsolete inventories:	(in thousands)
Balance, beginning of period	$	6,160	$	4,527
Provision for (recoveries of) excess and	960		664
obsolete inventories
Inventories written off	(379)		(443)
Balance, end of period	$	6,741	$	4,748

6.  Intangible assets

Our intangible assets consist of the following:

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Definite-lived intangible assets	(in thousands)
Intellectual property	$	12,450	$	12,450
Customer relationships	47,547		47,547
Capitalized internal-use software	7,640		3,323
Less:  Accumulated amortization	(11,544)		(9,838)
Total, net	56,093		53,482
Indefinite-lived intangible assets
Trademarks	14,571		14,571
Total intangible assets, net	$	70,664	$	68,053

Amortization expense recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses is as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
	(in thousands)
Amortization expense	$	1,706	$	902

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Total future amortization expense for finite-lived intangible assets was estimated as follows:

	(in thousands)
2024	$	3,662
2025	4,656
2026	4,656
2027	4,656
2028	4,552
Thereafter	29,073
Total future amortization expense	51,255
Internal-use software projects in process	4,838
Total	$	56,093

7.  Supplemental Cash Flow Information

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
Supplemental disclosures:	(in thousands)
Interest paid	$	395	$	1,121
Income taxes paid	$	311	$	172
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Non-cash capital expenditures	$	(2,078)	$	366
Contingent shares issued (Note 15)	$	6,364

8.  Warranties

The Company has product warranties with various terms from one year from the date of first use or 18 months for parts, data center cooling solutions, and cleanroom systems to 25 years for certain heat exchangers. The Company has an obligation to replace parts if conditions under the warranty are met. A provision is made for estimated warranty costs at the time the related products are sold based upon the warranty period, historical trends, new products, and any known identifiable warranty issues.  

Changes in the warranty accrual are as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
Warranty accrual:	(in thousands)
Balance, beginning of period	$	20,573	$	15,682
Payments made	(2,622)		(1,881)
Warranty expense	3,398		2,408
Balance, end of period	$	21,349	$	16,209

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9.  Accrued Liabilities and Other Long-Term Liabilities

Accrued liabilities were comprised of the following:

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(in thousands)
Warranty	$	21,349	$	20,573
Due to representatives	17,608		14,428
Payroll	12,532		18,829
Profit sharing	4,600		7,596
Workers' compensation	446		338
Medical self-insurance	2,014		1,460
Customer prepayments	5,856		2,621
Donations, short-term	381		381
Accrued income taxes	9,391		1,170
Employee vacation time	10,670		10,315
Extended warranties, short-term	2,614		2,387
Lease liability, short-term	2,274		2,021
Property taxes	1,164		—
Other	2,299		3,389
Total	$	93,198	$	85,508

Other long-term liabilities were comprised of the following:

 

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(in thousands)
Lease liability	$	14,882	$	10,201
Extended warranties	6,553		6,082
Donations and other	491		524
Total	$	21,926	$	16,807

10.  Revolving Credit Facility

On May 27, 2022, we amended our $100.0 million Amended and Restated Loan Agreement dated November 24, 2021 (as amended, “Revolver”), to provide for maximum borrowings of $200.0 million. As of March 31, 2024 we had no amounts outstanding under our Revolver. As of December 31, 2023, we had $38.3 million outstanding under the Revolver. We have two standby letters of credit totaling $2.3 million as of March 31, 2024. Borrowings available under the Revolver at March 31, 2024 were $197.7 million. The Revolver expires on May 27, 2027. We have amended the Revolver to allow for the occurrence of transactions associated with the New Markets Tax Credit transactions (Note 16).

Any outstanding loans under the Revolver bear interest at the daily compounded secured overnight financing rate ("SOFR") plus the applicable margin. Applicable margin, ranging from 1.25% - 1.75%, is determined quarterly based on the Company's leverage ratio. The Company is also subject to letter of credit fees, ranging from 1.25% - 1.75%, and a commitment fee, ranging from 0.10% - 0.20%. The applicable fee percentage is determined quarterly based on the Company's leverage ratio. The weighted average interest rate on borrowings outstanding on the Revolver was 6.6% and 6.0% for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Fees associated with the unused portion of the committed amount are included in interest expense on our consolidated statements of income for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

If SOFR cannot be determined pursuant to the definition, as defined by the Revolver agreement, any outstanding affected loans will be deemed to have been converted into alternative base rate ("ABR") loans. ABR loans would bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the highest of (a) the Prime Rate in effect on such day, (b) the Federal Funds Rate in effect on such day plus 0.50%, or (c) daily simple SOFR for a one-month tenor in effect on such day plus 1.00%.

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At March 31, 2024, we were in compliance with our covenants, as defined by the Revolver. Our financial covenants require that we meet certain parameters related to our leverage ratio. At March 31, 2024, our leverage ratio was 0.01 to 1.0, which meets the requirement of not being above 3 to 1.

11.  Income Taxes

The provision (benefit) for income taxes consists of the following:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
	(in thousands)
Current	$	8,532	$	5,435
Deferred	(740)		921
Income tax provision	$	7,792	$	6,356

The provision for income taxes differs from the amount computed by applying the Federal statutory income tax rate before the provision for income taxes.

The reconciliation of the Federal statutory income tax rate to the effective income tax rate is as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
Federal statutory rate	21.0	%	21.0	%
State income taxes, net of Federal benefit	5.3		4.0
Excess tax benefits related to share-based compensation (Note 12)	(9.4)		(8.8)
Return to provision	(0.2)		(0.3)
Non-deductible executive compensation	1.0		—
Research and development credits	(1.4)		(1.5)
Other	0.3		0.3
Effective tax rate	16.6	%	14.7	%

We have historically earned investment tax credits from the state of Oklahoma’s manufacturing property investment program. We use the flow-through method to account for investment tax credits earned on eligible tangible asset expenditures. Under this method, the investment tax credits are recognized as a reduction to our Oklahoma income tax expense in the year they are used. As part of our expansion projects in Oklahoma, we identified a separate, more advantageous Oklahoma credit program (not income tax related) which resulted in us discontinuing our accumulation of credits for Oklahoma’s manufacturing property investment program after the 2022 tax year. As of March 31, 2024, we have investment tax credit carryforwards of approximately $2.3 million. These credits have estimated expirations from the year 2039 through 2043.

In accordance with the 2017 Tax Cuts & Jobs Act, under Internal Revenue Code Section 162(m), the tax deduction for covered executives of public companies is limited to $1.0 million per individual. Because of the increase in our stock price and timing of executive stock option exercises this resulted in an increase to the income tax provision of $0.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

In accordance with the 2017 Tax Cuts & Jobs Act, under Internal Revenue Code Section 174, research and development expenses incurred after December 31, 2021 are required to be capitalized and amortized over 5 years. The amortization requirements for tax purposes is a mid-year convention, meaning that the tax amortization is 10% in the year of acquisition, 20% in the following 4 years, and 10% in the final year.

The Company's estimated annual 2024 effective tax rate, excluding discrete events, is approximately 25.6%. We file income tax returns in the U.S., state and foreign income tax return jurisdictions. We are subject to U.S. income tax examinations for tax years 2020 to present, and to non-U.S. income tax examinations for the tax years 2019 to present. In addition, we are subject to state and local income tax examinations for the tax years 2019 to present. The Company continues to evaluate its need to file returns in various state jurisdictions. Any interest or penalties would be recognized as a component of income tax expense.

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12. Share-Based Compensation

As discussed in Note 15, the Company declared a three-for-two stock split effective August 16, 2023. All share and per share information has been updated to reflect the effect of this stock split.

On May 22, 2007, our stockholders adopted a Long-Term Incentive Plan (“LTIP”) which provided an additional 5.0 million shares that could be granted in the form of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, performance units and performance awards. Under the LTIP, the exercise price of shares granted could not be less than 100% of the fair market value at the date of the grant.

On May 24, 2016, our stockholders adopted the 2016 Long-Term Incentive Plan ("2016 Plan") which provides for approximately 13.4 million shares, comprised of 5.1 million new shares provided for under the 2016 Plan, approximately 0.6 million shares that were available for issuance under the previous LTIP that are now authorized for issuance under the 2016 Plan, approximately 3.9 million shares that were approved by the stockholders on May 15, 2018, and an additional 3.8 million shares that were approved by the stockholders on May 12, 2020.

Under the 2016 Plan, shares can be granted in the form of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, performance awards, dividend equivalent rights, and other awards. Under the 2016 Plan, the exercise price of shares granted may not be less than 100% of the fair market value at the date of the grant. The 2016 Plan is administered by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors or such other committee of the Board of Directors as is designated by the Board of Directors (the “Committee”). Membership on the Committee is limited to independent directors. The Committee may delegate certain duties to one or more officers of the Company as provided in the 2016 Plan. The Committee determines the persons to whom awards are to be made, determines the type, size and terms of awards, interprets the 2016 Plan, establishes and revises rules and regulations relating to the 2016 Plan and makes any other determinations that it believes necessary for the administration of the 2016 Plan.

Options

The following weighted average assumptions were used to determine the fair value of the stock options granted on the original grant date for expense recognition purposes for options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 using a Black Scholes-Merton Model:

	Three months ended
	March 31, 2024	March 31, 2023
Directors and SLT1:
Expected (annual) dividend rate	$0.32	$0.32
Expected volatility	38.00%	37.89%
Risk-free interest rate	4.13%	4.40%
Expected life (in years)	4.0	4.0
Employees:
Expected (annual) dividend rate	$0.32	$0.32
Expected volatility	33.47%	39.55%
Risk-free interest rate	4.26%	4.48%
Expected life (in years)	3.0	3.0
1 SLT consists of officers and key members of management.

 

The expected term of the options is based on evaluations of historical and expected future employee exercise behavior. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury rates at the date of grant with maturity dates approximately equal to the expected life at the grant date. Volatility is based on historical volatility of our stock over time periods equal to the expected life at grant date.

- 15 -

 The following is a summary of stock options vested and exercisable as of March 31, 2024:

 

Range of Exercise Prices					Number of Shares	Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)	Weighted Average Exercise Price		Intrinsic Value (in thousands)
$	13.95	-	$	27.58	1,542,537	4.14	$	24.98	$	97,351
$	28.28	-	$	37.07	672,291	6.51	31.57		38,038
$	37.09	-	$	85.52	363,230	7.43	50.92		13,505
			Total		2,578,058	5.22	$	30.36	$	148,894

 A summary of stock option activity under the plans is as follows:

Stock Options	Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price
Outstanding at December 31, 2023	3,619,585	$	33.09
Granted	387,169	79.49
Exercised	(293,760)	33.51
Forfeited or Expired	(7,502)	50.27
Outstanding at March 31, 2024	3,705,492	$	37.84
Exercisable at March 31, 2024	2,578,058	$	30.36

The total pre-tax compensation cost related to unvested stock options not yet recognized as of March 31, 2024 is $14.7 million and is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 2.3 years.

The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 was $14.2 million and $16.7 million, respectively. The cash received from options exercised during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 was $9.8 million and $15.9 million, respectively. The impact of these cash receipts is included in financing activities in the accompanying consolidated statements of cash flows.

Restricted Stock

The fair value of restricted stock awards is based on the fair market value of AAON, Inc. common stock on the respective grant dates, reduced for the present value of dividends. At March 31, 2024, unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested restricted stock awards was approximately $7.6 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 2.1 years.

A summary of the unvested restricted stock awards is as follows:

	Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested at December 31, 2023	187,084	$	44.07
Granted	53,479	78.38
Vested	(71,757)	38.63
Forfeited	(1,230)	48.79
Unvested at March 31, 2024	167,576	$	57.28

- 16 -

PSUs

We have awarded performance restricted stock units ("PSUs") to certain officers and employees under our 2016 Plan. Unlike our restricted stock awards, these PSUs are not considered legally outstanding and do not accrue dividends during the vesting period. These PSUs vest based on the level of achievement with respect to the Company's total shareholder return ("TSR") benchmarked against similar companies included in the capital goods sector of the S&P SmallCap 600 Index. The TSR measurement period is three years. At the end of the measurement period, each award will be converted into common stock at 0% to 200% of the PSUs held, depending on overall TSR as compared to the S&P SmallCap 600 Index benchmark companies.

The total pre-tax compensation cost related to unvested PSUs not yet recognized as of March 31, 2024 is $8.5 million and is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 2.0 years.

The following weighted average assumptions were used to determine the fair value of the PSUs granted on the original grant date for expense recognition purposes for PSUs granted during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 using a Monte Carlo Model:

	Three months ended
	March 31, 2024	March 31, 2023
Expected (annual) dividend rate	$0.32	$0.32
Expected volatility	33.99%	32.71%
Risk-free interest rate	4.31%	4.66%
Expected life (in years)	2.8	2.8

The expected term of the PSUs is based on their remaining performance period. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury rates at the date of grant with maturity dates approximately equal to the expected life at the grant date. Volatility is based on historical volatility of our stock over time periods equal to the expected life at grant date.

A summary of the unvested PSUs is as follows:

	Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested at December 31, 2023	152,112	$	54.88
Granted	46,699	106.24
Additional target payout1	2,059	58.53
Vested	(21,919)	58.53
Forfeited	(2,362)	58.53
Unvested at March 31, 20242	176,589	$	68.01
1 The additional number of PSUs earned based on a 110% achievement at December 31, 2023 for awards vesting in 2024.
2 Consists of 71,760 PSUs cliff vesting December 31, 2024, 58,130 PSUs cliff vesting December 31, 2025, and 46,699 PSUs cliff vesting December 31, 2026.

Key Employee Awards

As part of the December 2021 acquisition of BASX, the Company granted awards to key employees of BASX ("Key Employee Awards"). Unlike our restricted stock awards under the 2016 Plan, the Key Employee Awards are not considered legally outstanding and do not accrue dividends during the vesting period. The issuance of the Key Employee Awards was contingent upon BASX meeting certain post-closing earn-out milestones during each of the years ending 2021, 2022 and 2023 as defined by the BASX acquisition membership interest purchase agreement ("MIPA Agreement") and continued employment with the Company. At the end of the earn-out period, ending December 31, 2023, each eligible Key Employee Award vested and was converted into common stock. The fair value of Key Employee Awards is based on the fair market value of AAON common stock on the grant date. All pre-tax compensation cost has been recognized as of December 31, 2023 and all awards vested in March 2024.

- 17 -

A summary of the unvested Key Employee Awards is as follows:

	Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested at December 31, 2023	39,899	$	53.45
Granted	—	—
Vested	(39,899)	53.45
Forfeited	—	—
Unvested at March 31, 2024	—	$	—

Share-Based Compensation

A summary of share-based compensation is as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
Grant date fair value of awards during the period:	(in thousands)
Options	$	8,708	$	4,673
PSUs	4,961		3,241
Restricted stock	4,192		2,906
Total	$	17,861	$	10,820
Share-based compensation expense:
Options	$	2,207	$	2,065
PSUs	624		367
Restricted stock	1,126		826
Key Employee Awards	—		261
Total	$	3,957	$	3,519
Income tax benefit related to share-based compensation:
Options	$	3,147	$	3,321
PSUs	169		—
Restricted stock	808		465
Key Employee Awards	282		—
Total	$	4,406	$	3,786

Share-based compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the service period of the related share-based compensation award. Historically, stock options and restricted stock awards, granted to employees, vested at a rate of 20% per year. Restricted stock awards granted to directors historically vested one-third each year or, if granted on or after May 2019, vest over the shorter of directors' remaining elected term or one-third each year. As of March 2021, all new grants of stock options and restricted stock awards, granted to employees, vest at a rate of 33.3% per year. Forfeitures are accounted for as they occur.

Historically, if the employee or director is retirement eligible (as defined by the applicable LTIP or 2016 Plan) or becomes retirement eligible during the service period of the related share-based compensation award, the service period (and compensation expense recognition) is the lesser of 1) the grant date, if retirement eligible on grant date, or 2) the period between grant date and retirement eligible date. All stock options and restricted stock awards granted on or after March 1, 2020 to retirement eligible employees or directors contain a one-year employment requirement (minimum service period) or the entire award is forfeited. Forfeitures are accounted for as they occur.

The PSUs cliff vest on December 31, at the end of the third year from the date of grant. Share-based compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the service period of PSUs. The PSUs are subject to several service and market conditions, as defined by the PSU agreement, which allows the holder to retain a pro-rata amount of awards as a result of certain termination conditions, retirement, change in common control, or death. Forfeitures are accounted for as they occur.

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13. Employee Benefits

Defined Contribution Plan - 401(k)

We sponsor a defined contribution plan (the “Plan”). Eligible employees may make contributions in accordance with the Plan and IRS guidelines. In addition to the traditional 401(k), eligible employees are given the option of making an after-tax contribution to a Roth 401(k) or a combination of both. The Plan provides for automatic enrollment and for an automatic increase to the deferral percentage at January 1st of each year and each year thereafter. Eligible employees are automatically enrolled in the Plan at a 6% deferral rate and currently contributing employees deferral rates will be increased to 6% unless their current rate is at or above 6% or the employee elects to decline the automatic enrollment or increase. Administrative expenses are paid for by Plan participants. The Company paid no administrative expenses during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

The Company matches 175% up to 6% of employee contributions of eligible compensation. Additionally, Plan participant forfeitures are used to reduce the cost of the Company contributions.

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
	(in thousands)
Contributions, net of forfeitures, made to the defined contribution plan	$	5,710	$	5,259

Profit Sharing Bonus Plans

We maintain a discretionary profit sharing bonus plan under which approximately 8.5% of pre-tax profit (10% prior to January 1, 2024) from the Company is paid to eligible employees on a quarterly basis in order to reward employee productivity. Eligible employees are regular full-time non-exempt employees of the Company who are actively employed and working on the first and last day of the calendar quarter. BASX employees are eligible to participate in the discretionary profit sharing bonus plan on January 1, 2024.

Prior to January 1, 2024, BASX had a separate employee incentive program (EIP) under which 5% of BASX's pre-tax profit, plus certain add backs, is paid ratably to eligible employees based on days-of-pay during the fiscal year. Eligible employees are regular full-time and part-time employees who have worked during the year and are still employed when the EIP payment is made following the end of the fiscal year, excluding members of BASX's senior leadership team and any employee paid commissions or royalties. This incentive program ended December 31, 2023.

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
	(in thousands)
Profit sharing bonus plan and employee incentive plan expense	$	4,600	$	4,866

- 19 -

Employee Medical Plan

We self-insure for our employees' health insurance, and make medical claim payments up to certain stop-loss amounts. We estimate our self-insurance liabilities using an analysis provided by our claims administrator and our historical claims experience. Eligible employees are regular full-time employees who are actively employed and working. Participants are expected to pay a portion of the premium costs for coverage of the benefits provided under the Plans. In addition, the Company matches 175% of a participating employee's allowed contributions to a qualified health saving account to assist employees with health insurance plan deductibles. BASX employees joined the Company's medical plan and benefits on January 1, 2024.

BASX was insured for healthcare coverage through a third party through December 31, 2023. Eligible employees are regular full-time employees who are actively employed and working. Participants are expected to pay a portion of the premium costs for coverage of the benefits provided under the Plans. In addition, the Company contributes certain amounts for BASX's employees enrolled in a high deductible plan to a qualified health savings account to assist employees with health insurance plan deductibles. This healthcare coverage ended December 31, 2023.

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
	(in thousands)
Medical premium payments	$	3,371	$	2,668
Health saving account contributions	2,166		1,060

14.  Earnings Per Share

Basic net income per share is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net income per share assumes the conversion of all potentially dilutive securities and is calculated by dividing net income by the sum of the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding plus all potentially dilutive securities. Dilutive common shares consist primarily of stock options and restricted stock awards.

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
Numerator:	(in thousands, except share and per share data)
Net income	$	39,016	$	36,814
Denominator:
Basic weighted average shares3	81,661,972		80,460,897
Effect of dilutive shares related to stock based compensation1,3	2,193,000		1,972,145
Effect of dilutive shares related to contingent consideration2 ,3	189,698		427,916
Diluted weighted average shares3	84,044,670		82,860,958
Earnings per share:
Basic3	$	0.48	$	0.46
Dilutive3	$	0.46	$	0.44
Anti-dilutive shares:
Shares3	112,717		180,442
1 Dilutive shares related to stock options, restricted stock, PSUs and Key Employee Awards (Note 12)
2 Dilutive shares related to contingent shares issued to the former owners of BASX (Note 15)
3 Reflects three-for-two stock split effective August 16, 2023.

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15. Stockholders’ Equity

Stock Repurchases

The Board has authorized one active stock repurchase program for the Company. The Company may purchase shares on the open market from time to time. The Board must authorize the timing and amount of these purchases and all repurchases are in accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC allowing the Company to repurchase shares from the open market.

Our open market repurchase programs are as follows:

Effective Date	Authorized Repurchase $	Expiration Date
November 3, 2022	$50 million	February 27, 2024
February 27, 2024	$50 million	** 1, 2
1 Expiration Date is at Board's discretion. The Company is authorized to effectuate repurchases of the Company's common stock on terms and conditions approved in advance by the Board.
2 As of March 31, 2024, there is approximately $50.0 million remaining under the current stock repurchase program. The remaining amount available is subject to a Board authorized 10b5-1 plan requiring certain market conditions and requirements.

The Company repurchases shares of AAON, Inc. stock from employees for payment of statutory tax withholdings on stock transactions. All other repurchases from directors or employees are contingent upon Board approval. All repurchases are done at current market prices.

Lastly, the Company also had a stock repurchase arrangement by which employee-participants in our 401(k) savings and investment plan were entitled to have shares in AAON, Inc. stock in their accounts sold to the Company. The 401(k) Plan was amended in June 2022 to discontinue this program. No additional shares have been purchased by the Company under this arrangement since June 2022.

Our repurchase activity is as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2024			March 31, 2023
	(in thousands, except share and per share data)
Program	Shares1	Total $	$ per share1	Shares1	Total $	$ per share1
Employees	36,860	3,041	82.50	17,509	1,030	58.83
1 Reflects three-for-two stock split effective August 16, 2023.

Our repurchase activity since Company inception, including our current authorized stock repurchase programs, are as follows:

	Inception to			March 31, 2024
	(in thousands, except share and per share data)
Program	Shares1	Total $			$ per share1
Open market	6,893,924	$	106,625		$	15.47
401(k)	12,462,552	171,789			13.78
Directors and employees	3,126,197	27,703			8.86
Total	22,482,673	$	306,117		$	13.62
1 Reflects three-for-two stock split effective August 16, 2023.

- 21 -

Cash Dividends

At the discretion of the Board, we pay cash dividends. Board approval is required to determine the date of declaration and amount for each cash dividend payment.

Our recent cash dividends are as follows:

Declaration Date	Record Date	Payment Date	Dividend per Share1	Annualized Dividend per Share1
March 1, 2023	March 13, 2023	March 31, 2023	$0.08	$0.32
May 18, 2023	June 9, 2023	June 30, 2023	$0.08	$0.32
August 18, 2023	September 8, 2023	September 29, 2023	$0.08	$0.32
November 10, 2023	November 29, 2023	December 18, 2023	$0.08	$0.32
March 5, 2024	March 18, 2024	March 29, 2024	$0.08	$0.32
1 Reflects three-for-two stock split effective August 16, 2023.

Stock Split

On July 7, 2023, the Board of Directors declared a three-for-two stock split of the Company's common stock to be paid in the form of a stock dividend. Stockholders of record at the close of business on July 28, 2023 received one additional share for every two shares they held as of that date on August 16, 2023 (ex-dividend date August 17, 2023). Cash was paid in lieu of fractional shares (approximately $0.5 million). All share and per share information has been updated to reflect the effects of this stock split. The retroactive effect of the stock split resulted in an approximately $0.1 million reclass between common stock and retained earnings within stockholders' equity on the consolidated balance sheet.

Contingent Shares Issued in BASX Acquisition

As discussed above, the Company declared a three-for-two stock split effective August 16, 2023. All share and per share information has been updated to reflect the effect of this stock split.

In December 2021, we closed on the acquisition of BASX. Under the MIPA Agreement, we committed to $78.0 million in the aggregate of contingent consideration to the former owners of BASX, which is payable in approximately 1.56 million shares of the Company's common stock, par value $0.004 per share. The shares do not accrue dividends.

Under the MIPA Agreement, the issuance of shares to the former owners of BASX was contingent upon BASX meeting certain post-closing earn-out milestones during each of the years ended 2021, 2022, and 2023. In March 2024, we issued the remaining 0.24 million shares related to the earn-out milestone for the year ended 2023. As a result of the shares issued in March 2024, the tax basis exceeded the book basis for consideration paid resulting in a deferred tax asset and an increase to additional paid-in capital of $6.4 million, respectively, on our consolidated balance sheet. The deferred tax asset is expected to be amortized over fifteen years. We previously issued 0.58 million shares in March 2023, related to the earn-out milestone for the year ended 2022. All shares have been issued as private placements exempt from registration with the SEC under Rule 506(b) and are included in common stock on the consolidated statements of stockholders' equity.

16. New Markets Tax Credit

2019 New Markets Tax Credit

On October 24, 2019, the Company entered into a transaction with a subsidiary of an unrelated third-party financial institution (the “2019 Investor”) and a certified Community Development Entity under a qualified New Markets Tax Credit (“2019 NMTC”) program pursuant to Section 45D of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, related to an investment in plant and equipment to facilitate the expansion of our Longview, Texas manufacturing operations (the “2019 Project”). In connection with the 2019 NMTC transaction, the Company received a $23.0 million NMTC allocation for the Project and secured low interest financing and the potential for future debt forgiveness related to the 2019 Project.

Upon closing of the 2019 NMTC transaction, the Company provided an aggregate of approximately $15.9 million to the 2019 Investor, in the form of a loan receivable, with a term of twenty-five years, bearing an interest rate of 1.0%. This $15.9 million in proceeds plus capital contributed from the 2019 Investor was used to make an aggregate $22.5 million loan to a subsidiary of the Company. This financing arrangement is secured by equipment at the Company's Longview, Texas facilities and a guarantee from the Company, including an unconditional guarantee of the NMTCs.

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This transaction also includes a put/call feature either of which can be exercised at the end of the seven-year compliance period. The 2019 Investor may exercise its put option or the Company can exercise the call, both of which could serve to trigger forgiveness of a portion of the debt. The 2019 Investor's interest of $6.5 million is recorded in New market tax credit obligation on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company incurred approximately $0.3 million of debt issuance costs related to the above transactions, which are being amortized over the life of the transaction.

2023 New Markets Tax Credit

On April 25, 2023, the Company entered into a transaction with a subsidiary of an unrelated third-party financial institution (the “2023 Investor”) and a certified Community Development Entity under a qualified New Markets Tax Credit (“2023 NMTC”) program pursuant to Section 45D of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, related to an investment in plant and equipment to facilitate the expansion of our Longview, Texas manufacturing operations (the “2023 Project”). In connection with the 2023 NMTC transaction, the Company received a $23.0 million NMTC allocation for the 2023 Project and secured low interest financing and the potential for future debt forgiveness related to the expansion of its Longview, Texas facilities.

Upon closing of the 2023 NMTC transaction, the Company provided an aggregate of approximately $16.7 million to the Investor, in the form of a loan receivable, with a term of twenty-five years, bearing an interest rate of 1.0%. This $16.7 million in proceeds plus capital contributed from the 2023 Investor was used to make an aggregate $23.8 million loan to a subsidiary of the Company. This financing arrangement is secured by a guarantee from the Company, including an unconditional guarantee of the NMTCs. The net proceeds from the closing of the 2023 NMTC are included in restricted cash on our consolidated balance sheets required to be used for the 2023 Project.

This transaction also includes a put/call feature either of which can be exercised at the end of the seven-year compliance period. The 2023 Investor may exercise its put option or the Company can exercise the call, both of which could serve to trigger forgiveness of a portion of the debt. The 2023 Investor's interest of $5.7 million is recorded in New market tax credit obligation on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company incurred approximately $0.4 million of debt issuance costs related to the above transactions, which are being amortized over the life of the transaction.

2024 New Markets Tax Credit

On February 27, 2024, the Company entered into a transaction with a subsidiary of an unrelated third-party financial institution (the “2024 Investor”) and a certified Community Development Entity under a qualified New Markets Tax Credit (“2024 NMTC”) program pursuant to Section 45D of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, related to an investment in real estate to facilitate 2023 Project. In connection with the 2024 NMTC transaction, the Company received a $15.5 million NMTC allocation for the 2023 Project and secured low interest financing and the potential for future debt forgiveness related to the expansion of its Longview, Texas facilities.

Upon closing of the 2024 NMTC transaction, the Company provided an aggregate of approximately $11.0 million to the Investor, in the form of a loan receivable, with a term of twenty-five years, bearing an interest rate of 1.0%. This $11.0 million in proceeds plus capital contributed from the Investor was used to make an aggregate $16.0 million loan to a subsidiary of the Company. This financing arrangement is secured by a guarantee from the Company, including an unconditional guarantee of the NMTCs. The net proceeds from the closing of the 2024 NMTC are included in restricted cash on our consolidated balance sheets required to be used for the 2023 Project.

This transaction also includes a put/call feature that either of which can be exercised at the end of the seven-year compliance period. The Investor may exercise its put option or the Company can exercise the call, both of which could serve to trigger forgiveness of a portion of the debt. The 2024 Investor's interest of $3.8 million is recorded in New market tax credit obligations on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company incurred approximately $0.4 million of debt issuance costs related to the above transactions, which are being amortized over the life of the transaction.

The 2019 Investor, 2023 Investor, and 2024 Investor are each subject to 100 percent recapture of the 2019, 2023, and 2024 NMTC, respectively, it receives for a period of seven years, as provided in the Internal Revenue Code and applicable U.S. Treasury regulations in the event that the financing facility of the Borrower under the transaction (AAON Coil Products, Inc.) becomes ineligible for NMTC treatment per the Internal Revenue Code requirements. The Company is required to be in compliance with various regulations and contractual provisions that apply to the 2019 NMTC arrangements, 2023 NMTC arrangements, and 2024 NMTC arrangements, respectively. Noncompliance with applicable requirements could result in the 2019 and/or 2023 and/or 2024 Investors' projected tax benefits not being realized and, therefore, require the Company to indemnify the 2019 Investor, 2023 Investor, and 2024 Investor for any loss or recapture of the 2019 NMTC, 2023 NMTC, and 2024 NMTC, respectively, related to the financing until such time as the recapture provisions have expired under the applicable statute of limitations. The Company does not anticipate any credit recapture will be required in connection with any of these financing arrangements.

The 2019 Investor, 2023 Investor, and 2024 Investor and its majority owned community development entity are considered VIEs and the Company is the primary beneficiary of the VIEs. Because the Company is the primary beneficiary of the VIEs,

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they have been included in the consolidated financial statements. There are no other assets, liabilities or transactions in these VIEs outside of the financing transactions executed as part of the 2019 NMTC, 2023 NMTC, or 2024 NMTC arrangements, respectively.

17. Commitments and Contingencies

Havtech Litigation

On January 24, 2022, one of the Company’s former independent sales representative firms, Havtech, LLC (and its affiliate, Havtech Parts Division, LLC, collectively “Plaintiffs”), filed a complaint (the “Complaint”) in the Circuit Court for Howard County, Maryland (Havtech, LLC, et al., v. AAON, Inc., et al.). The Complaint challenged the Company’s termination of its business relationship with Plaintiffs. The Company removed the action to the United States District Court for the District of Maryland (Northern Division) and moved to dismiss the Complaint. Plaintiffs’ First Amended Complaint (“First Amended Complaint”) was entered by the court on July 28, 2022. The First Amended Complaint asserts that the Company improperly terminated Plaintiffs and seeks damages alleged to be no less than $48.6 million, plus fees and costs. The Company filed its Answer to First Amended Complaint on January 31, 2023.

On September 28, 2023, the parties attended a court ordered settlement conference and agreed to resolve the case for $7.5 million. A settlement agreement was entered into on October 25, 2023 and the case has been dismissed with prejudice. The settlement of $7.5 million has been included in accrued liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets and selling, general and administrative expenses on our consolidated statement of income. The final payment was made on October 26, 2023.

Other Matters

The Company is involved from time to time in claims and lawsuits incidental to our business arising from various matters, including alleged violations of contract, product liability, warranty, environmental, regulatory, personal injury, intellectual property, employment, tax and other laws. We closely monitor these claims and legal actions and frequently consult with our legal counsel to determine whether they may, when resolved, have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows and we accrue and/or disclose loss contingencies as appropriate. We do not believe these matters will have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

We are occasionally party to short-term and long-term, cancellable and occasionally non-cancellable, contracts with major suppliers for the purchase of raw material and component parts. We expect to receive delivery of raw material and component parts for use in our manufacturing operations. These contracts are not accounted for as derivative instruments because they meet the normal purchase and normal sales exemption. We had no material contractual purchase obligations as of March 31, 2024, except as noted below.

In 2023, the Company executed a five-year purchase commitment for refrigerants. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company made payments of $3.6 million and $2.4 million, respectively, on this contract. Estimated minimum future payments are $8.3 million, $9.1 million, $10.5 million, and $11.2 million for 2024, 2025, 2026, and 2027, respectively. We had no other material contractual purchase obligations as of March 31, 2024.

18.  Related Parties

The following is a summary of transactions and balances with related parties:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
	(in thousands)
Sales to affiliates	$	2,196	$	1,145
Payments to affiliates	615		392
	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(in thousands)
Due from affiliates	$	792	$	994
Due to affiliates	119		145

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The nature of our related party transactions is as follows:

•The Company sells units to an entity owned by a member of the CEO's immediate family. This entity is also one of the Company’s Representatives and as such, the Company makes payments to the entity for third party products.

•The Company purchases some supplies from entities controlled by two of the Company’s board members and a member of the Company's executive management team.

•The Company periodically makes part sales and makes payments to a board member related to a consulting agreement.

•The Company periodically rents space partially owned by the CEO for various Company meetings.

•The Company leases flight time of an aircraft partially owned by our COO and Vice President.

19. Segments

The Company has determined that it has three reportable segments for financial reporting purposes. Management evaluates the performance of its business segments primarily on gross profit. The Company's chief operating decision maker ("CODM"), our CEO, allocates resources and assesses the performance of each operating segment using information about the operating segment's net sales and income from operations. The CODM does not evaluate operating segments using asset or liability information.

AAON Oklahoma: AAON Oklahoma designs, manufactures, sells and services standard, semi-custom and custom heating, ventilation and air conditioning ("HVAC") systems, designs and produces controls solutions for all of our HVAC units and sells retail parts to customers through our two retail part stores in Tulsa, Oklahoma as well as online. Through our Norman Asbjornson Innovation Center ("NAIC") research and development laboratory facility in Tulsa, Oklahoma, the Company is able to test units under various environmental conditions. AAON Oklahoma includes the operations of our Tulsa, Oklahoma and Parkville, Missouri facilities, our NAIC research and development laboratory facility and two retail parts locations.

AAON Coil Products: AAON Coil Products designs and manufactures a selection of our standard, semi-custom and custom HVAC systems. AAON Coil Products also designs and manufactures various heating and cooling coils to be used in HVAC systems, mostly for the benefit of AAON Oklahoma and AAON Coil Products. AAON Coil Products consists of operations at our Longview, Texas facilities.

BASX: BASX provides product development design and manufacturing of custom engineered air handling systems including high efficiency data center cooling solutions, cleanroom HVAC systems, commercial/industrial HVAC systems and modular solutions. Additionally, BASX designs and manufactures cleanroom environmental control systems to support hospital surgical suites, pharmaceutical process facilities, semiconductor and electronics manufacturing, laboratory and isolation modular cleanrooms for facility flexibility. BASX consists of operations at our Redmond, Oregon facility.

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The following table summarizes certain financial data related to our segments. Transactions between segments are recorded based on prices negotiated between the segments. The Gross Profit amounts shown below are presented after elimination entries.

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
Net Sales
AAON Oklahoma
External sales	$	210,140	$	202,002
Inter-segment sales	1,671		1,494
AAON Coil Products
External sales	24,247		33,412
Inter-segment sales	9,331		7,317
BASX
External sales	27,712		30,539
Inter-segment sales	2		370
Eliminations	(11,004)		(9,181)
Net sales	$	262,099	$	265,953
Gross Profit
AAON Oklahoma	$	78,411	$	61,850
AAON Coil Products	8,140		7,158
BASX	5,691		8,146
Gross profit	$	92,242	$	77,154

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Long-lived assets	(in thousands)
AAON Oklahoma	$	255,176	$	248,556
AAON Coil Products	89,701		83,169
BASX	62,383		49,996
Total long-lived assets	$	407,260	$	381,721
Intangible assets and goodwill
AAON Oklahoma	$	13,795	$	10,282
AAON Coil Products	—		—
BASX	138,761		139,663
Total intangible assets and goodwill	$	152,556	$	149,945

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Item 2.  Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto, which are included in this report, and our audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto, which are included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.

This discussion contains or incorporates by reference “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements are not historical facts, but rather are based on expectations, estimates, assumptions and projections about our industry, business and future financial results, based on information available at the time this report is filed with the SEC or, with respect to any document incorporated by reference, available at the time that such document was prepared. Our actual results could differ materially from the results contemplated by these forward-looking statements due to a number of factors, including those identified in the section entitled “Forward-Looking Statements” in this Item 2 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in the section entitled “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023. We do not assume any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements to reflect changed assumptions, the occurrence of anticipated or unanticipated events, new information or circumstances or otherwise, except as required by law.

Overview

We are engaged in the engineering, manufacturing, and selling of premium heating, ventilation, and air conditioning equipment consisting primarily of semi-custom and custom rooftop units, data center cooling solutions, cleanroom systems, packaged outdoor mechanical rooms, air handling units, makeup air units, energy recovery units, condensing units, geothermal/water-source heat pumps, coils, and controls. These products are marketed and sold to a variety of vertical markets including retail, manufacturing, educational, lodging, supermarket, data centers, medical and pharmaceutical, industrial, and other commercial markets. We sell our products to all 50 states in the United States and certain provinces in Canada. Foreign sales were approximately $7.4 million of our total net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and $12.6 million of our sales during the same period of 2023.

Our business can be affected by a number of economic factors, including the level of economic activity in the markets in which we operate. Both the new construction and replacement markets are cyclical. If the domestic economy were to slow or enter a recession, this could result in a decrease in our sales volume and profitability. Sales in the commercial and industrial new construction markets generally lag the housing market, which in turn is influenced by cyclical factors such as interest rates, inflation, consumer spending habits, employment rates, the state of the economy and other macroeconomic factors over which we have no control. Sales in the replacement markets are driven by various factors, including general economic growth, the Company's new product introductions, fluctuations in the average age of existing equipment in the market, government regulations and stimulus, change in market demand between more customized, higher performing HVAC equipment and lower priced standard equipment, as well as many other factors. When new construction is down, we emphasize the replacement market.

We sell our products to property owners and contractors mainly through a network of independent manufacturers’ Representatives. This go-to-market strategy is unique compared to most of our larger competitors in that most control their sales channel. We value the independent sales channel as we think it is a more effective way of increasing market share. Although we concede full control of the sales process with this strategy, the entrepreneurial aspect of the independent sales channel attracts the most talent and provides greater financial incentives for its salespeople. Furthermore, the independent sales channel sells different types of equipment from various manufacturers, allowing it to operate with more of a solutions-based mindset, as opposed to an internal sales department of a manufacturing company that is incentivized to only sell its equipment regardless if it is the best solution for the end customer. We also have a small internal sales force that supports the relationships between the Company and our sales channel partners. BASX sells highly customized products for unique applications for a more concentrated customer base and an internal sales force is more effective for such products.

The principal components of cost of goods sold are labor, raw materials, component costs, factory overhead, freight and engineering expense. The principal high volume raw materials used in our manufacturing processes are steel, copper and aluminum, and are obtained from domestic suppliers. We also purchase from domestic manufacturers certain components, including coils, compressors, motors, and electrical controls.

The price levels of our raw materials fluctuate given that the market continues to be volatile and unpredictable as a result of the uncertainty related to the U.S. economy and global economy. At March 31, 2024, the price (year to date average) for copper, galvanized steel, and stainless steel decreased 2.6%, 16.9%, and 18.5%, respectively, as compared to the price (year to date average) at March 31, 2023, while the price (year to date average) for aluminum increased 0.4% as compared to the price (year to date average) at March 31, 2023.

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We attempt to limit the impact of price fluctuations on these materials by entering into cancellable and non-cancellable contracts with our major suppliers for periods of six to 18 months. We expect to receive delivery of raw materials from our contracts for use in our manufacturing operations.

We occasionally increase the price of our products to help offset any inflationary headwinds. In 2022, we implemented a recurring 1% monthly price increase beginning June 1, 2022 and ending on April 1, 2023. We reinstated the recurring 1% monthly price increase on October 1, 2023 and carried that through February 1, 2024.

Backlog

The following table shows our historical backlog levels:

March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023		March 31, 2023
(in thousands)
$	558,443	$	510,028	$	599,912

Our bookings remain strong. Investments made in our facilities and workforce have significantly improved our capacity and operational efficiencies. Production rates are at all time highs, trimming our backlog down to a more manageable size and allowing our lead times to continue to improve.

Results of Operations

	Three months ended March 31,
	2024		2023
	(in thousands)
Net sales	$	262,099	$	265,953
Cost of sales	169,857		188,799
Gross profit	92,242		77,154
Selling, general and administrative expenses	45,288		32,942
Loss (gain) on disposal of assets	(16)		6
Income from operations	$	46,970	$	44,206

The following are recent highlights and items that impacted our results of operations, cash flows and financial condition:

•Sales for the three months ended March 31, 2024 decreased 1.4%, respectively, due to decreased production rates during the period as compared to the same period in 2023.

•Our gross profit margin for the quarter ended March 31, 2024 of 35.2% increased 620 basis points from the quarter ended March 31, 2023 due to price increases, product mix for operational efficiencies, lower material costs, and better overhead absorption.

We report our financial results based on three reportable segments: AAON Oklahoma, AAON Coil Products, and BASX, which are further described in "Segments" (Note 19) within our notes to the consolidated financial statements. The Company's chief operating decision maker ("CODM"), our CEO, allocates resources and assesses the performance of each operating segment using information about the operating segment's net sales and income from operations. The CODM does not evaluate operating segments using asset or liability information.

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Segment Operating Results for Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 and Three Months Ended March 31, 2023

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2024		Percent of Sales1		March 31, 2023		Percent of Sales1		$ Change		% Change
	(in thousands)
Net Sales2
AAON Oklahoma	$	210,140	80.2	%	$	202,002	76.0	%	$	8,138	4.0	%
AAON Coil Products	24,247		9.3	%	33,412		12.6	%	(9,165)		(27.4)	%
BASX	27,712		10.6	%	30,539		11.5	%	(2,827)		(9.3)	%
Net sales	$	262,099			$	265,953			$	(3,854)	(1.4)	%
Cost of Sales2
AAON Oklahoma	$	131,729	62.7	%	140,152		69.4	%	$	(8,423)	(6.0)	%
AAON Coil Products	16,107		66.4	%	26,254		78.6	%	(10,147)		(38.6)	%
BASX	22,021		79.5	%	22,393		73.3	%	(372)		(1.7)	%
Cost of sales	$	169,857	64.8	%	$	188,799	71.0	%	$	(18,942)	(10.0)	%
Gross Profit2
AAON Oklahoma	$	78,411	37.3	%	$	61,850	30.6	%	$	16,561	26.8	%
AAON Coil Products	8,140		33.6	%	7,158		21.4	%	982		13.7	%
BASX	5,691		20.5	%	8,146		26.7	%	(2,455)		(30.1)	%
Gross profit	$	92,242	35.2	%	$	77,154	29.0	%	$	15,088	19.6	%
1 Cost of sales and gross profit for each segment are calculated as a percentage of the respective segment's net sales. Total cost of sales and total gross profit are calculated as a percentage of total net sales.
2 Presented after intercompany eliminations.

For the three months ended March 31, 2024 total net sales decreased $3.9 million or 1.4%, due to a decrease in volumes of approximately 5.7%, offset by price increases of approximately 4.3%. While our AAON Oklahoma segment increased by 4.0% for the three months ended March 31, 2024, our AAON Coil Products and BASX segments experienced some production timing delays in early 2024 which contributed to the overall decrease in sales.

Gross profit as a percent of sales increased to 35.2% for the three months ended March 31, 2024 as compared to 29.0% for the three months ended March 31, 2023. As noted above, realization of price increases has improved our margin profile along with the slowing of inflation for raw materials, especially in our AAON Oklahoma segment, improving overall consolidated margin performance. As discussed above, production timing delays at our AAON Coil Products and BASX locations contributed to less overhead absorption and margin performance, which resulted in a period over period decline in gross margin for our BASX segment.

As shown in the table below, the cost of raw materials has started to come down but we still have seen inflation in our component parts that typically lag raw materials by 6-18 months. Additionally, in order to retain our existing employees, we have increased our starting wage rate considerably in recent years and continue to award periodic wage increases to our employees. These additional costs have been offset by the various price increases we have put in place in the past two years and increases in our production efficiency that has led to increased overhead absorption.

Raw Material Costs

Three-month average raw material cost per pound as of March 31:

	2024		2023		% Change
Copper	$	5.56	$	5.71	(2.6)	%
Galvanized steel	$	0.59	$	0.71	(16.9)	%
Stainless steel	$	2.73	$	3.35	(18.5)	%
Aluminum	$	2.33	$	2.32	0.4	%

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Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

	Three Months Ended				Percent of Sales
	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
					2024		2023
	(in thousands)
Warranty	$	3,398	$	2,408	1.3	%	0.9	%
Profit sharing	4,600		4,866		1.8	%	1.8	%
Salaries & benefits	15,810		12,733		6.0	%	4.8	%
Stock compensation	2,244		1,873		0.9	%	0.7	%
Advertising	599		846		0.2	%	0.3	%
Depreciation & amortization	3,870		2,645		1.5	%	1.0	%
Insurance	1,971		1,233		0.8	%	0.5	%
Professional fees	4,620		1,105		1.8	%	0.4	%
Donations	170		125		0.1	%	—	%
Other	8,006		5,108		3.1	%	1.9	%
Total SG&A	$	45,288	$	32,942	17.3	%	12.4	%

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $12.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 from the prior year period. Salaries and benefits increased $3.1 million or 24.2%, which is primarily attributable to overall increased headcount as well as the the impact of employee pay increases and benefit improvements discussed above. Included in the benefit improvements was a one-time charge of $0.8 million related to integration of BASX benefits. Depreciation and amortization has increased due to increased investments in back office technology and automation. Professional fees increased $3.5 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024 due various professional, regulatory, and legal corporate requirements. Other expenses increased $2.9 million or 56.7% during the three months ended March 31, 2024 due to increased travel, the closing of our New Markets Tax Credit transaction and consulting expenses.

Income Taxes

	Three Months Ended				Effective Tax Rate
	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
					2024		2023
	(in thousands)
Income tax provision	$	7,792	$	6,356	16.6	%	14.7	%

The Company’s estimated annual 2024 effective tax rate, excluding discrete events, is expected to be approximately 25.6%.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company recorded an excess tax benefit of $4.4 million as compared to $3.8 million during the same period in 2023. The excess tax benefit is related to the timing of stock option exercises as a result of our high stock price during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our working capital and capital expenditure requirements are generally met through net cash provided by operations and the use of the revolving bank line of credit based on our current liquidity at the time.

Working Capital - Our unrestricted cash increased $8.1 million from December 31, 2023 to March 31, 2024 and totaled $8.4 million at March 31, 2024. Our restricted cash increased $11.2 million from the closing of our recent New Markets Tax Credit related to our Longview, Texas expansion. We expect most funds will be released from this account by the end of 2024. We have also seen increases in our current income tax payable due to the tax law changes surrounding the capitalization of research and development costs. This has increased our cash paid for income taxes.

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Revolving Line of Credit - Our revolving credit facility (as amended, "Revolver"), provides for maximum borrowings of $200.0 million. As of March 31, 2024 we had no amounts outstanding under our Revolver. As of December 31, 2023, we had $38.3 million outstanding under the Revolver. We had two standby letters of credit totaling $2.3 million as of March 31, 2024. At March 31, 2024, we have $197.7 million of borrowings available under the Revolver. The Revolver expires May 27, 2027. We have amended the Revolver to allow for the occurrence of transactions associated with the New Markets Tax Credit transactions (Note 16).

Any outstanding loans under the Revolver bear interest at the daily compounded secured overnight financing rate ("SOFR") plus the applicable margin. Applicable margin, ranging from 1.25% - 1.75%, is determined quarterly based on the Company's leverage ratio. The Company is also subject to letter of credit fees, ranging from 1.25% - 1.75%, and a commitment fee, ranging from 0.10% - 0.20%. The applicable fee percentage is determined quarterly based on the Company's leverage ratio. The weighted average interest rate on borrowings outstanding on the Revolver was 6.6% and 6.0% for the three months ended March 31, 2024. Fees associated with the unused portion of the committed amount are included in interest expense on our consolidated statements of income for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

If SOFR cannot be determined pursuant to the definition, as defined by the Revolver agreement, any outstanding effected loans will be deemed to have been converted into alternative base rate ("ABR") loans. ABR loans would bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the highest of (a) the Prime Rate in effect on such day, (b) the Federal Funds Rate in effect on such day plus 0.50%, or (c) daily simple SOFR for a one-month tenor in effect on such day plus 1.00%.

At March 31, 2024, we were in compliance with our financial covenants, as defined by the Revolver. These covenants require that we meet certain parameters related to our leverage ratio. At March 31, 2024, our leverage ratio was 0.01 to 1.0, which meets the requirement of not being above 3 to 1.

2019 New Markets Tax Credit - On October 24, 2019, the Company entered into a transaction with a subsidiary of an unrelated third-party financial institution (the “2019 Investor”) and a certified Community Development Entity under a qualified New Markets Tax Credit (“2019 NMTC”) program pursuant to Section 45D of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, related to an investment in plant and equipment to facilitate the expansion of our Longview, Texas manufacturing operations (the “2019 Project”). In connection with the NMTC transaction, the Company received a $23.0 million NMTC allocation for the 2019 Project and secured low interest financing and the potential for future debt forgiveness related to the expansion of its Longview, Texas facilities.

Upon closing of the 2019 NMTC transaction, the Company provided an aggregate of approximately $15.9 million to the Investor, in the form of a loan receivable, with a term of twenty-five years, bearing an interest rate of 1.0%. This $15.9 million in proceeds plus capital contributed from the Investor was used to make an aggregate $22.5 million loan to a subsidiary of the Company. This financing arrangement is secured by equipment at the Company's Longview, Texas facilities, and a guarantee from the Company, including an unconditional guarantee of the NMTCs.

2023 New Markets Tax Credit - On April 25, 2023, the Company entered into a transaction with a subsidiary of an unrelated third-party financial institution (the “2023 Investor”) and a certified Community Development Entity under a qualified New Markets Tax Credit (“2023 NMTC”) program pursuant to Section 45D of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, related to an investment in plant and equipment to facilitate the expansion of our Longview, Texas manufacturing operations (the “2023 Project”). In connection with the 2023 NMTC transaction, the Company received a $23.0 million NMTC allocation for the 2023 Project and secured low interest financing and the potential for future debt forgiveness related to the expansion of its Longview, Texas facilities.

Upon closing of the 2023 NMTC transaction, the Company provided an aggregate of approximately $16.7 million to the Investor, in the form of a loan receivable, with a term of twenty-five years, bearing an interest rate of 1.0%. This $16.7 million in proceeds plus capital contributed from the Investor was used to make an aggregate $23.8 million loan to a subsidiary of the Company. This financing arrangement is secured by a guarantee from the Company, including an unconditional guarantee of the NMTCs. The unused net proceeds from the closing of the 2023 NMTC are included in restricted cash on our consolidated balance sheets required to be used for the 2023 Project.

2024 New Markets Tax Credit

On February 27, 2024, the Company entered into a transaction with a subsidiary of an unrelated third-party financial institution (the “2024 Investor”) and a certified Community Development Entity under a qualified New Markets Tax Credit (“2024 NMTC”) program pursuant to Section 45D of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, related to an investment in real estate to facilitate 2023 Project. In connection with the 2024 NMTC transaction, the Company received a $15.5 million NMTC allocation for the 2023 Project and secured low interest financing and the potential for future debt forgiveness related to the expansion of its Longview, Texas facilities.

Upon closing of the 2024 NMTC transaction, the Company provided an aggregate of approximately $11.0 million to the Investor, in the form of a loan receivable, with a term of twenty-five years, bearing an interest rate of 1.0%. This $11.0 million

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in proceeds plus capital contributed from the Investor was used to make an aggregate $16.0 million loan to a subsidiary of the Company. This financing arrangement is secured by a guarantee from the Company, including an unconditional guarantee of the NMTCs. The unused net proceeds from the closing of the 2024 NMTC are included in restricted cash on our consolidated balance sheets required to be used for the 2023 Project.

Stock Repurchases - The Board has authorized one active stock repurchase program for the Company. The Board must authorize the timing and amount of these purchases and all repurchases are in accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC allowing the Company to repurchase shares from the open market. On February 27, 2024, the Board of Directors approved an updated stock repurchase plan with repurchases under the plan not to exceed $50 million. The current repurchase plan will expire at the Board of Directors' discretion.

Our open market repurchase programs are as follows:

Effective Date	Authorized Repurchase $	Expiration Date
November 3, 2022	$50 million	February 27, 2024
February 27, 2024	$50 million	** 1, 2
1 Expiration Date is at Board's discretion. The Company is authorized to effectuate repurchases of the Company's common stock on terms and conditions approved in advance by the Board.
2 As of March 31, 2024, there is approximately $50.0 million remaining under the current stock repurchase program. The remaining amount available is subject to a Board authorized 10b5-1 plan requiring certain market conditions and requirements.

The Company repurchases shares of AAON, Inc. stock from employees for payment of statutory tax withholdings on stock transactions. All repurchases from directors or employees are contingent upon Board approval and all shares are repurchased at current market prices.

Lastly, the Company also had a stock repurchase arrangement by which employee-participants in our 401(k) savings and investment plan were entitled to have shares in AAON, Inc. stock in their accounts sold to the Company. The 401(k) Plan was amended in June 2022 to discontinue this program. No additional shares have been purchased by the Company under this arrangement since June 2022.

Our repurchase activity is as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2024			March 31, 2023
	(in thousands, except share and per share data)
Program	Shares1	Total $	$ per share1	Shares1	Total $	$ per share1
Employees	36,860	3,041	82.50	17,509	1,030	58.83
1 Reflects three-for-two stock split effective August 16, 2023.

Our repurchase activity since Company inception, including our current authorized stock repurchase programs, are as follows:

	Inception to			March 31, 2024
	(in thousands, except share and per share data)
Program	Shares1	Total $			$ per share1
Open market	6,893,924	$	106,625		$	15.47
401(k)	12,462,552	171,789			13.78
Directors and employees	3,126,197	27,703			8.86
Total	22,482,673	$	306,117		$	13.62
1 Reflects three-for-two stock split effective August 16, 2023.

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Dividends - At the discretion of the Board, we pay cash dividends. Board approval is required to determine the date of declaration and amount for each cash dividend payment.

Our recent cash dividends are as follows:

Declaration Date	Record Date	Payment Date	Dividend per Share1	Annualized Dividend per Share1
March 1, 2023	March 13, 2023	March 31, 2023	$0.08	$0.32
May 18, 2023	June 9, 2023	June 30, 2023	$0.08	$0.32
August 18, 2023	September 8, 2023	September 29, 2023	$0.08	$0.32
November 10, 2023	November 29, 2023	December 18, 2023	$0.08	$0.32
March 5, 2024	March 18, 2024	March 29, 2024	$0.08	$0.32
1 Reflects three-for-two stock split effective August 16, 2023.

On July 7, 2023, the Board of Directors declared a three-for-two stock split of the Company's common stock that was paid in the form of a stock dividend. Stockholders of record at the close of business on July 28, 2023 received one additional share for every two shares they held as of that date on August 16, 2023 (ex-dividend date August 17, 2023). All share and per share information has been updated to reflect the effects of this stock split.

Based on historical performance and current expectations, we believe our cash and cash equivalents balance, the projected cash flows generated from our operations, our existing committed revolving credit facility (or comparable financing) and our expected ability to access capital markets will satisfy our working capital needs, capital expenditures, and other liquidity requirements associated with our operations in 2024 and the foreseeable future.

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Statement of Cash Flows

The following table reflects the major categories of cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. For additional details, see the consolidated financial statements.

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
	(in thousands)
Operating Activities
Net Income	$	39,016	$	36,814
Income statement adjustments, net	17,380		14,917
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	28,334		(33,740)
Income taxes	8,221		5,262
Inventories	16,699		(861)
Contract assets	(5,387)		25
Prepaid expenses and other long-term assets	(4,349)		(3,613)
Accounts payable	(9,968)		(16,318)
Contract liabilities	2,770		713
Extended warranties	698		777
Accrued liabilities & other long-term liabilities	(1,044)		847
Net cash provided by operating activities	92,370		4,823
Investing Activities
Capital expenditures	(34,688)		(28,935)
Software development expenditures	(4,055)		—
Other	29		116
Net cash used in investing activities	(38,714)		(28,819)
Financing Activities
Proceeds from financing obligations, net of issuance costs	4,186		—
Payment related to financing costs	(417)		—
Borrowings under revolving credit facility	115,130		105,172
Payments under revolving credit facility	(153,458)		(92,512)
Stock options exercised	9,844		15,856
Employee taxes paid by withholding shares	(3,041)		(1,030)
Cash dividends paid to stockholders	(6,556)		(6,459)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	$	(34,312)	$	21,027

Cash Flows Provided by Operating Activities

The Company currently manages cash needs through working capital as well as drawing on its line of credit. Collections and payments cycles are on a normal pattern and fluctuate due to timing of receipts and payments.

Historically, the Company increased the purchase of inventory to take advantage of favorable pricing opportunities and also to mitigate the impact of future supply chain disruptions on our operations, however, as inflationary and supply chain disruptions have decreased, the Company has been able to reduce inventory levels. Additionally, increases in the timing of our customer prepayment as well as increases in our employee bonuses pools and benefits (as a result of our positive operating results) increased our cash provided by accrued liabilities.

Payment terms for BASX jobs typically require upfront cash to fund the job resulting in cash inflows related to our contract liabilities and cash inflows fluctuate due to job timing and scheduling.

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Cash Flows Used in Investing Activities

The capital expenditures for the three months ended March 31, 2024 relate to our continued investment in our production capabilities. Purchases during the three months ended March 31, 2024 relate to additional infrastructure and machinery for both replacement and growth, additional production space in our Redmond, Oregon and Longview, Texas locations, additional equipment and production capacity in Parkville, Missouri, and additional land in Tulsa, Oklahoma for future growth. We have also made investments to purchase or develop software for internal use in anticipation of future Company growth. The capital expenditure program for 2024 is estimated to be approximately $125.0 million. Many of these projects are subject to review and cancellation at the discretion of our CEO and Board of Directors without incurring substantial charges.

Cash Flows Provided by Financing Activities

The change in cash from financing activities in 2024 is primarily related to borrowings under our revolving credit facility to manage our working capital needs, especially strategic purchases of inventory to avoid supply chain delays and the funding of certain capital expenditures, offset by repayments we were able to make due to our increased operating results and financial condition.

Furthermore, cash flows from financing activities is historically affected by the timing of stock options exercised by our employees. Stock options exercises decreased during the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Commitments and Contractual Obligations

We are occasionally party to short-term and long-term, cancellable and occasionally non-cancellable, contracts with suppliers for the purchase of raw material and component parts. We expect to receive delivery of raw material and component parts for use in our manufacturing operations. These contracts are not accounted for as derivative instruments because they meet the normal purchase and normal sales exemption. We had no material contractual purchase obligations as of March 31, 2024 except as described below.

In 2023, the Company executed a five-year purchase commitment for refrigerants. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company made payments of $3.6 million and $2.4 million, respectively, on this contract. Estimated minimum future payments are $8.3 million, $9.1 million, $10.5 million, and $11.2 million for 2024, 2025, 2026, and 2027, respectively. We had no other material contractual purchase obligations as of March 31, 2024.

Critical Accounting Policies

There have been no material changes in the Company’s critical accounting policies during the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 1 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of recent accounting pronouncements.

Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (or statements otherwise made by the Company or on the Company’s behalf from time to time in other reports, filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), news releases, conferences, website postings, presentations or otherwise) includes “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Any statements contained herein that are not historical facts are forward-looking statements and involve risks and uncertainties. For all of these forward-looking statements, we claim the protection of the safe harbor for forward-looking statements contained in the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Words such as “expects”, “anticipates”, “intends”, “plans”, “believes”, “seeks”, “estimates”, “confident”, “outlook”, “project”, “should”, “will”, and variations of such words and other words of similar meaning or similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions, which are difficult to predict. Therefore, actual outcomes and results may differ materially from what is expressed or forecasted in such forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements include, among others:

•market conditions and customer demand for our products;

•the timing and extent of changes in raw material and component prices;

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•naturally-occurring events, pandemics, and other disasters causing disruption to our manufacturing operations, product deliveries and production capacity;

•the impact caused by inflationary cost pressures, national or global health issues, such as the coronavirus pandemic (“COVID-19”), any variants or similar outbreaks (including the response thereto) and their effects on, among other things, demand for our products, supply chain disruptions, our liquidity and financial position, results of operations, stock price, payment of dividends, our ability to secure new orders, our ability to convert backlog to revenue and impacts to the operations status of our facilities;

•natural disasters and extreme weather conditions, including, without limitation, their effects on locations where our products are manufactured;

•the effects of fluctuations in the commercial/industrial new construction market;

•the timing of introduction and market acceptance of new products;

•the timing and extent of changes in interest rates, as well as other competitive factors during the year;

•general economic, market or business conditions;

•tightening of labor markets and the ability to hire employees for continued growth

•creditworthiness of our customers and their access to capital;

•changing technologies;

•the material failure, interruption of service, compromised data or information technology security, phishing emails, cybersecurity breaches or other impacts to our information technology and related systems and networks (including any of the foregoing of third-party vendors and other contractors who provide information technology or other services);

•costs and results of litigation, including trial and appellate costs;

•economic, market or business conditions in the specific industry and market in which our businesses operate;

•future levels of capital expenditures, research and development and indebtedness, including, without limitation, our ability to reduce indebtedness and risks associated with the same;

•legal, regulatory, and environmental issues, including, without limitation, compliance of our products with mandated standards and specifications; and

•integration of acquired businesses and our ability to realize synergies and cost savings.

Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date on which they are made. Except as required by federal securities laws, we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events, occurrences or developments after the date on which such statement is made. For a discussion of risks and uncertainties which could cause actual results to differ from those contained in the forward-looking statements, please see Item 1A “Risk Factors” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, and as otherwise disclosed from time to time in our other filings with the SEC.

Item 3.  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

Commodity Price Risk

We are exposed to volatility in the prices of commodities used in some of our products and we may use cancellable and non-cancellable contracts with our major suppliers for periods of six to 18 months to manage this exposure.

Interest Rate Risk

We are exposed to changes in interest rates related to our outstanding debt. As of March 31, 2024, we had no outstanding balance on our Revolver.

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Item 4.  Controls and Procedures.

(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer with the oversight of the Audit Committee, regarding the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended). Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded, as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report, that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

(c) Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our last fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

See Note 17 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

In addition to the other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. The risk factors described in our Annual Report could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or future results. There have been no material changes to the risk factors included in our 2023 Annual Report except as follows:

Risks Related to Governmental Regulation and Policies

We are subject to climate-related risks.

As climate change continues to be a challenge across the globe, AAON recognizes there are risks specifically related to climate. As mentioned before, there could be stricter regulations on refrigerants, energy efficiency, and the use of fossil fuels. The price of electricity could increase, or the Company’s operations could be affected by climate-change related weather events or water shortages. These risks could impact the Company on a short-term or long-term basis.

Item 2.  Unregistered Sales of Equity and Securities and Use of Proceeds.

Stock Repurchases

The Company may repurchase AAON, Inc. stock on the open market from time to time. From inception through March 31, 2024, we have repurchased a total of approximately 6.9 million shares (at current market prices) under the various open market stock buyback programs for an aggregate price of $106.6 million, or an average price of $15.47 per share. The Board must authorize the timing and amount of these purchases and all repurchases are in accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC allowing the Company to repurchase shares from the open market. On November 3, 2022, the Board of Directors approved an updated stock repurchase plan with repurchases under the plan not to exceed $50.0 million. The current repurchase plan will expire at the Board of Directors discretion.

The Company repurchases shares of AAON, Inc. stock from employees for payment of statutory tax withholdings on stock transactions. All repurchases from directors or employees are contingent upon Board approval and all shares are repurchased at current market prices. From inception through March 31, 2024, we repurchased approximately 3.1 million shares (at current market prices) for an aggregate price of $27.7 million, or an average price of $8.86 per share.

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Lastly, the Company also had a stock repurchase arrangement by which employee-participants in our 401(k) Plan were entitled to have shares of AAON, Inc. stock in their accounts sold to the Company. The 401(k) Plan was amended in June 2022 to discontinue this program. From inception through March 31, 2024, we repurchased approximately 12.5 million shares (at current market prices) for an aggregate price of $171.8 million, or an average price of $13.78 per share.

Repurchases during the first quarter of 2024 were as follows:

 

	ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Period	(a) Total Number of Shares (or Units) Purchased1	(b) Average Price Paid Per Share (or Unit)1		(c) Total Number of Shares (or Units) Purchased as part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs1	(d) Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares (or Units) that may yet be Purchased under the Plans or Programs
January 2024	610	$	71.22	610	—
February 2024	13,165	86.09		13,165	—
March 2024	23,085	80.75		23,085	—
Total	36,860	$	82.50	36,860	—
1 Reflects three-for-two stock split effective August 16, 2023.

Contingent Shares Issued in BASX Acquisition

As discussed in Note 15, the Company declared a three-for-two stock split effective August 16, 2023. All share and per share information has been updated to reflect the effect of this stock split.

In December 2021, we closed on the acquisition of BASX. Under the MIPA Agreement, we committed to $78.0 million in the aggregate of contingent consideration to the former owners of BASX, which is payable in approximately 1.56 million shares of the Company's common stock, par value $0.004 per share. The shares do not accrue dividends.

Under the MIPA Agreement, the issuance of shares to the former owners of BASX was contingent upon BASX meeting certain post-closing earn-out milestones during each of the years ended 2021, 2022, and 2023. In March 2024, we issued the remaining 0.24 million shares related to the earn-out milestone for the year ended 2023. As a result of the shares issued in March 2024, the tax basis exceeded the book basis for consideration paid resulting in a deferred tax asset and an increase to additional paid-in capital of $6.4 million, respectively, on our consolidated balance sheet. The deferred tax asset is expected to be amortized over fifteen years. We previously issued 0.58 million shares in March 2023, related to the earn-out milestone for the year ended 2022. All shares have been issued as private placements exempt from registration with the SEC under Rule 506(b) and are included in common stock on the consolidated statements of stockholders' equity.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

None.

Item 4.  Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

Item 4A.  Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders.

None.

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Item 5.  Other Information.

Rule 10b5-1 Trading Arrangements

The following table describes contracts, instructions or written plans for the purchase or sale of our securities intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c).

Name and Title of Director or Officer	Date of Adoption of Arrangement	Duration of the Arrangement	Aggregate Number of Securities to be Purchased or Sold Pursuant to the Arrangement
Stephen E. Wakefield	November 23, 2022	Terminated May 17, 2023	95,788
Vice President
Stephen E. Wakefield	September 13, 2023	Terminated December 27, 2023	181,000
Vice President
Stephen E. Wakefield	March 14, 2024	March 14, 2025	29,946
Vice President

Item 6.  Exhibits.

 

Exhibit #	Description
3.2	Amended and Restated Bylaws of AAON, Inc. effective March 9, 2023 (i)
31.1	Certification by Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2	Certification by Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1	Certification by Chief Executive Officer furnished pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2	Certification by Chief Financial Officer furnished pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101	Interactive data files pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T formatted in iXBRL (Inline Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) our Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023; (ii) our Consolidated Statements of Income for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023; (iii) our Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023; (iv) our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023; and (vi) the notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements.
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File pursuant to Rule 406 of Regulation S-T formatted in iXBRL (Inline Extensible Business Reporting Language) and contained in Exhibit 101.
(i)	Incorporated herein by reference to the exhibit to our Form 8-K dated March 9, 2023.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	AAON, INC.
Dated: May 02, 2024	By:	/s/ Gary D. Fields
		Gary D. Fields  Chief Executive Officer
Dated: May 02, 2024	By:	/s/ Rebecca A. Thompson
		Rebecca A. Thompson Chief Financial Officer

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EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION

I, Gary D. Fields, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of AAON, Inc.

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a)designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; and

b)designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; and

c)evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d)disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal controls over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a)all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b)any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date:	May 02, 2024	/s/ Gary D. Fields
		Gary D. Fields
		Chief Executive Officer

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION

I, Rebecca A. Thompson, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of AAON, Inc.

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a)designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; and

b)designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; and

c)evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d)disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal controls over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a)all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b)any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date:	May 02, 2024	/s/ Rebecca A. Thompson
		Rebecca A. Thompson
		Chief Financial Officer

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of AAON, Inc. (the “Company”), on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2024, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Gary D. Fields, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1)           The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2)           The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and result of operations of the Company.

Date:	May 02, 2024	/s/ Gary D. Fields
		Gary D. Fields
		Chief Executive Officer

EX-32.2

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of AAON, Inc. (the “Company”), on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2024, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Rebecca A. Thompson, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1)           The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2)           The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and result of operations of the Company.

Date:	May 02, 2024	/s/ Rebecca A. Thompson
		Rebecca A. Thompson
		Chief Financial Officer

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Cover Page - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Apr. 30, 2024
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2024
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	0-18953
Entity Registrant Name	AAON, INC.
Entity Central Index Key	0000824142
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2024
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Amendment Flag	false
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	NV
Entity Tax Identification Number	87-0448736
Entity Address, Address Line One	2425 South Yukon Ave.,
Entity Address, City or Town	Tulsa,
Entity Address, State or Province	OK
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	74107
City Area Code	918
Local Phone Number	583-2266
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, $.004 par value per share
Trading Symbol	AAON
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		82,209,281

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Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands		Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents		$ 8,385	$ 287
Restricted Cash		19,982	8,736
Accounts receivable, net		109,662	138,108
Inventories, net		196,252	213,532
Contract assets		50,581	45,194
Prepaid expenses and other		7,365	3,097
Total current assets		392,227	408,954
Property, plant and equipment:
Land		15,918	15,438
Buildings		224,128	205,841
Machinery and equipment		401,637	391,366
Furniture and fixtures		42,861	40,787
Total property, plant and equipment		684,544	653,432
Less: Accumulated depreciation		293,980	283,485
Property, plant and equipment, net		390,564	369,947
Intangible assets, net		70,664	68,053
Goodwill		81,892	81,892
Right of use assets		16,696	11,774
Note receivable		878	816
Total assets		952,921	941,436
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable		15,438	27,484
Accrued liabilities		93,198	85,508
Contract liabilities		16,527	13,757
Total current liabilities		125,163	126,749
Revolving credit facility, long-term		0	38,328
Deferred tax liabilities		5,030	12,134
Other long-term liabilities		21,926	16,807
New markets tax credit obligations1	[1]	15,994	12,194
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, $.001 par value, 5,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued		0	0
Common stock, $.004 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized, 82,117,680 and 81,508,381 issued and outstanding at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively		329	326
Additional paid-in capital		139,184	122,063
Retained earnings		645,295	612,835
Total stockholders' equity		784,808	735,224
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity		$ 952,921	$ 941,436

[1] 1 Held by variable interest entities (Note 16)

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Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) $ / shares shares
Stockholders' equity:
Allowance for doubtful accounts | $	$ 435	$ 323
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	5,000,000	5,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	0	0
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 0.004	$ 0.004
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	100,000,000	100,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	82,117,680	81,508,381
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	82,117,680	81,508,381

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Consolidated Statements of Income $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended
		Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($) $ / shares shares		Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($) $ / shares shares
Income Statement [Abstract]
Net sales		$ 262,099		$ 265,953
Cost of sales		169,857		188,799
Gross profit		92,242		77,154
Selling, general and administrative expenses		45,288		32,942
(Gain) loss on disposal of assets		(16)		6
Income from operations		46,970		44,206
Interest expense, net		(239)		(1,150)
Other income, net		77		114
Income before taxes		46,808		43,170
Income tax provision		7,792		6,356
Net income		$ 39,016	[1]	$ 36,814
Earnings per share:
Basic (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	[2]	$ 0.48		$ 0.46
Diluted (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	[2]	0.46		0.44
Cash dividends declared per common share (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	[2]	$ 0.08		$ 0.08
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic (in shares) | shares	[2]	81,661,972		80,460,897
Diluted (in shares) | shares	[2]	84,044,670		82,860,958

[1] 1 Reflects three-for-two stock split effective August 16, 2023

[2] 1 Reflects three-for-two stock split effective August 16, 2023.

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Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands		Total		Common Stock		Paid-in Capital	Retained Earnings
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022				80,138
Balance at Dec. 31, 2022		$ 560,714		$ 322		$ 98,735	$ 461,657
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income		36,814
Stock options exercised, restricted stock awards granted, and contingent shares issued (Note 16) (in shares)				1,183
Stock options exercised, restricted stock awards granted, and contingent shares issued (Note 16)		15,856		$ 3		15,853
Share-based compensation		3,519				3,519
Stock repurchased and retired (in shares)				(18)
Stock repurchased and retired		(1,030)		$ 0		(1,030)
Dividends		(6,459)					(6,459)
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023	[1]			81,303
Balance at Mar. 31, 2023		609,414		$ 325	[1]	117,077	492,012	[1]
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023	[1]			81,508
Balance at Dec. 31, 2023		735,224		$ 326	[1]	122,063	612,835	[1]
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income		39,016	[1]				39,016
Stock options exercised, restricted stock awards granted, and contingent shares issued (Note 16) (in shares)	[1]			403
Stock options exercised, restricted stock awards granted, and contingent shares issued (Note 16)		9,844		$ 2	[1]	9,842
Contingent shares issued (in shares)				243
Contingent shares issued (Note 15)		6,364		$ 1		6,363
Share-based compensation		3,957				3,957
Stock repurchased and retired (in shares)	[1]			(36)
Stock repurchased and retired		(3,041)		$ 0	[1]	(3,041)
Dividends		(6,556)					(6,556)	[1]
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2024	[1]			82,118
Balance at Mar. 31, 2024		$ 784,808		$ 329	[1]	$ 139,184	$ 645,295	[1]

[1] 1 Reflects three-for-two stock split effective August 16, 2023

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Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024		Mar. 31, 2023
Operating Activities
Net income	$ 39,016	[1]	$ 36,814
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	13,437		10,274
Amortization of debt issuance costs	31		11
Amortization of right of use assets	12		29
Provision for (recoveries of) credit losses on accounts receivable, net of adjustments	112		(56)
Provision for excess and obsolete inventories, net of write-offs	581		221
Share-based compensation	3,957		3,519
(Gain) loss on disposal of assets	(16)		6
Foreign currency transaction loss (gain)	11		(2)
Interest income on note receivable	(5)		(6)
Deferred	(740)		921
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	28,334		(33,740)
Income taxes	8,221		5,262
Inventories	16,699		(861)
Contract assets	(5,387)		25
Prepaid expenses and other long-term assets	(4,349)		(3,613)
Accounts payable	(9,968)		(16,318)
Contract liabilities	2,770		713
Extended warranties	698		777
Accrued liabilities and other long-term liabilities	(1,044)		847
Net cash provided by operating activities	92,370		4,823
Investing Activities
Capital expenditures	(34,688)		(28,935)
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment	16		102
Software development expenditures	(4,055)		0
Principal payments from note receivable	13		14
Net cash used in investing activities	(38,714)		(28,819)
Financing Activities
Proceeds from financing obligation, net of issuance costs	4,186		0
Payment related to financing costs	(417)		0
Borrowings under revolving credit facility	115,130		105,172
Payments under revolving credit facility	(153,458)		(92,512)
Stock options exercised	9,844		15,856
Employee taxes paid by withholding shares	(3,041)		(1,030)
Cash dividends paid to stockholders	6,556		6,459
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(34,312)		21,027
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	19,344		(2,969)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period	9,023		5,949
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	$ 28,367		$ 2,980

[1] 1 Reflects three-for-two stock split effective August 16, 2023

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General

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]

General

General

Basis of Presentation

AAON, Inc. is a Nevada corporation which was incorporated on August 18, 1987. Our operating subsidiaries include AAON, Inc. ("AAON Oklahoma"), an Oklahoma corporation, AAON Coil Products, Inc. ("AAON Coil Products"), a Texas corporation, and BASX, Inc. ("BASX"), an Oregon corporation (collectively, the “Company”). The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of AAON, Inc. and our operating subsidiaries, all of which are wholly-owned, have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).

Our financial statements consolidate all of our affiliated entities in which we have a controlling financial interest. Because we hold certain rights that give us the power to direct the activities of eight variable interest entities ("VIEs") (Note 16) that most significantly impact the VIEs economic performance, combined with a variable interest that gives us the right to receive potentially significant benefits or the obligation to absorb potentially significant losses, we have a controlling financial interest in those VIEs.

These financial statements have not been audited by the Company's independent registered public accounting firm, except that the consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2023 is derived from audited consolidated financial statements. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. The financial statements reflect all adjustments (all of which are of a normal recurring nature) which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair statement of the results for the interim periods presented. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for a full year. Certain disclosures have been condensed in or omitted from these consolidated financial statements. The accompanying unaudited financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

We are engaged in the engineering, manufacturing, marketing, and sale of premium air conditioning and heating equipment consisting of standard, semi-custom, and custom rooftop units, data centers cooling solutions, cleanroom systems, packaged outdoor mechanical rooms, air handling units, makeup air units, energy recovery units, condensing units, geothermal/water-source heat pumps, coils, and controls.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Because these estimates and assumptions require significant judgment, actual results could differ from those estimates and could have a significant impact on our results of operations, financial position, and cash flows. We reevaluate our estimates and assumptions as needed, but at a minimum on a quarterly basis. The most significant estimates include, but are not limited to, inventory valuation, inventory reserves, warranty accrual, workers' compensation accrual, medical insurance accrual, income taxes, useful lives of property, plant, and equipment, estimated future use of leased property, share-based compensation, revenue percentage of completion and estimated costs to complete. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

Inflation and Labor Market

In 2023, we saw the slowing of inflation and some stabilization of raw material and component prices. Due to our favorable liquidity position, we continue to make strategic purchases of materials when we see opportunities. We continue to monitor and manage increases in the cost of raw materials through price increases for our products. We have also experienced supply chain challenges related to specific manufacturing parts, which we have managed through our strong vendor relationships as well as expanding our list of vendors.

Additionally, we continue to experience challenges in a tight labor market, especially the hiring of both skilled and unskilled production labor. We have implemented the following wage increases to remain competitive and to attract and retain employees:

•In March 2023, we awarded annual merit raises for an overall 3.9% increase to wages.

•In March 2024, we awarded annual merit raises for an overall 3.3% increase to wages.

We continue to implement human resource initiatives to retain and attract labor to further increase production capacity. Beginning in 2023, initiatives included changing our employee paid time off policy, historically awarded in arrears at the beginning of each quarter, to accrue ratably over each pay period. Additionally, we enhanced our benefits for short-term disability, life insurance, paid parental leave, and paid military leave.

Despite efforts to mitigate the impact of inflation, supply chain issues and the tight labor market, future disruptions, while temporary, could negatively impact our consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

WH Series and WV Series Water Source Heat Pump Units

As part of the normal course of business, management continually monitors the profitability of the Company's various product series offerings. During the third quarter of 2022, management made the decision to no longer produce our small packaged geothermal/water-source heat pump units consisting of the WH Series horizontal configuration and WV Series vertical configuration, from one-half to 12 1/2 tons ("WH/WV"). These WH/WV units were produced solely out of the AAON Oklahoma facility. Production of the remaining WH/WV backlog was completed during the second quarter 2023.

Accounting Policies

A comprehensive discussion of our critical accounting policies and management estimates is included in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Fair Value Measurements

The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, receivables, accounts payable, and accrued liabilities approximate fair value because of the short-term maturity of the items. The carrying amount of the Company’s revolving line of credit, and other payables, approximate their fair values either due to their short term nature, the variable rates associated with the debt or based on current rates offered to the Company for debt with similar characteristics.

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value is based upon assumptions that market participants would use when pricing an asset or liability. We use the following fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes valuation technique inputs used to measure fair value into three broad levels:

•Level 1: Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities that we have the ability to access at the measurement date.

•Level 2: Inputs (other than quoted prices included within Level 1) that are either directly or indirectly observable for the asset or liability, including (i) quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, (ii) quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets, (iii) inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, and (iv) inputs that are derived from observable market data by correlation or other means.

•Level 3: Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability including situations where there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability. Items categorized in Level 3 include the estimated fair values of intangible assets, contingent consideration, and goodwill acquired in a business combination.

The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). In some cases, the inputs used to measure fair value might fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. The lowest level input that is significant to a fair value measurement determines the applicable level in the fair value hierarchy. Assessing the significance of a particular input to a fair value measurement requires judgment, considering factors specific to the asset or liability.

Definite-Lived Intangible Assets

Our definite-lived intangible assets include various trademarks, service marks, and technical knowledge acquired in business combinations or asset acquisitions. We amortize our definite-lived intangible assets on a straight-line basis over the estimated

useful lives of the assets. We evaluate the carrying value of our amortizable intangible assets for potential impairment when events and circumstances warrant such a review. 

Amortization is computed using the straight-line method over the following estimated useful lives:

Intellectual property	6 - 30 years
Customer relationships	14 years

Software Development Costs

We capitalize costs incurred to purchase or develop software for internal use. Internal-use software development costs are capitalized during the application development stage. These capitalized costs are reflected in intangible assets, net on the consolidated balance sheets and are amortized over the estimated useful life of the software. The useful life of our internal-use software development costs is generally 1-6 years.

Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets

Goodwill represents the excess of the consideration paid for the acquired businesses over the fair value of the individual assets acquired, net of liabilities assumed. Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are not amortized, but instead are evaluated for impairment at least annually. We perform our annual assessment of impairment during the fourth quarter of our fiscal year, and more frequently if circumstances warrant.

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill were as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
	(in thousands)
Balance, beginning of period	$	81,892	$	81,892
Additions (decreases) during the period	—		—
Balance, end of period	$	81,892	$	81,892

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Changes to U.S. GAAP are established by the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") in the form of Accounting Standards Updates ("ASUs") to the FASB's Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC"). We consider the applicability and impact of all ASUs. ASUs not listed or included within the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, were assessed and determined to be either not applicable or are expected to have minimal impact on our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto.

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Revenue Recognition

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

The following tables show disaggregated net sales by reportable segment (Note 19) by major source, net of intercompany sales eliminations.

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
	AAON Oklahoma		AAON Coil Products		BASX		Total
	(in thousands)
Rooftop units	$	191,265	$	—	$	—	$	191,265
Condensing units	—		10,909		—		10,909
Air handlers	—		9,547		2,187		11,734
Outdoor mechanical rooms	—		—		—		—
Cleanroom systems	—		—		7,313		7,313
Data center cooling solutions	—		206		17,673		17,879
Water-source heat pumps	—		1,581		—		1,581
Part sales	15,317		6		278		15,601
Other1	3,558		1,998		261		5,817
	$	210,140	$	24,247	$	27,712	$	262,099
	Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
	AAON Oklahoma		AAON Coil Products		BASX		Total
	(in thousands)
Rooftop units	$	180,026	$	—	$	—	$	180,026
Condensing units	—		15,278		—		15,278
Air handlers	—		12,221		3,038		15,259
Outdoor mechanical rooms	208		151		—		359
Cleanroom systems	—		—		12,622		12,622
Data center cooling solutions	—		1,446		14,476		15,922
Water-source heat pumps	2,730		3,080		—		5,810
Part sales	13,904		1		248		14,153
Other1	5,134		1,235		155		6,524
	$	202,002	$	33,412	$	30,539	$	265,953
1 Other sales include freight, extended warranties and miscellaneous revenue.

Due to the highly customized nature of many of the Company’s products and each product not having an alternative use to the Company without significant costs to the Company, the Company recognizes revenue over time as progress is made toward satisfying the performance obligations of each contract. The Company has formal cancellation policies and generally does not accept returns on these units. As a result, many of the Company’s products do not have an alternative use and therefore, for these products we recognize revenue over the time it takes to produce the unit.

Contract costs include direct materials, direct labor, installation, freight and delivery, commissions and royalties. Other costs not related to contract performance, such as indirect labor and materials, small tools and supplies, operating expenses, field rework and back charges are charged to expense as incurred. Provisions for estimated losses on contracts in progress are made in the period in which such losses are determined. Changes in job performance, job conditions, and estimated profitability, including those arising from contract penalty provisions and final contract settlements, may result in revisions to costs and income, and are estimated and recognized by the Company throughout the life of the contract. The aggregate of costs incurred and income recognized on uncompleted contracts in excess of billings is shown as a contract asset within our consolidated

balance sheets, and the aggregate of billings on uncompleted contracts in excess of related costs incurred and income recognized is shown as a contract liability within our consolidated balance sheets.

For all other products that are part sales or standardized units, the Company recognizes revenue, presented net of sales tax, when it satisfies the performance obligation in its contracts. As the primary performance obligation in such a contract is delivery of the requested manufactured equipment, we satisfy the performance obligation when the control is passed to the customer, generally at time of shipment. Final sales prices are fixed based on purchase orders.

Sales allowances and customer incentives are treated as reductions to sales and are provided for based on historical experiences and current estimates.

Historically, sales of our products were moderately seasonal with the peak period being May-October of each year due to timing of construction projects being directly related to warmer weather. However, in recent years, given the increases in demand of our product and increases in our backlog, sales has become more constant throughout the year.

Product Warranties

A provision is made for the estimated cost of maintaining product warranties to customers at the time the product is sold based upon historical claims experience by product line. The Company records a liability and an expense for estimated future warranty claims based upon historical experience and management’s estimate of the level of future claims. Changes in the estimated amounts recognized in prior years are recorded as an adjustment to the liability and expense in the current year.

The Company also sells extended warranties on parts for various lengths of time ranging from six months to 10 years. Revenue for these separately priced warranties is deferred and recognized on a straight-line basis over the separately priced warranty period.

Representatives and Third Party Products

We are responsible for billings and collections resulting from all sales transactions, including those initiated by our independent manufacturer representatives (“Representatives”). Representatives are national companies that are in the business of providing HVAC units and other related products and services to customers. The end user customer orders a bundled group of products and services from the Representative and expects the Representative to fulfill the order. These additional products and services may include controls purchased from another manufacturer to operate the unit, start-up services, and curbs for supporting the unit (“Third Party Products”). All are associated with the purchase of a HVAC unit but may be provided by the Representative or another third party. Only after the specifications are agreed to by the Representative and the customer, and the decision is made to use an AAON HVAC unit, will we receive notice of the order. We establish the amount we must receive for our HVAC unit (“minimum sales price”), but do not control the total order price that is negotiated by the Representative with the end user customer. The Representatives submit the total order price to us for invoicing and collection. The total order price includes our minimum sales price and an additional amount which may include both the Representatives’ fee and amounts due for additional products and services required by the customer. The Company is considered the principal for the equipment we design and manufacture and records that revenue. The Company has no control over the Third Party Products to the end customer and the Company is under no obligation related to the Third Party Products. Amounts related to Third Party Products are not recognized as revenue but are recorded as a liability and are included in accrued liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.

The Representatives’ fee and Third Party Products amounts (“Due to Representatives”) are paid only after all amounts associated with the order are collected from the customer. The amount of payments to our Representatives were $10.8 million and $13.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

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Leases

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Leases [Abstract]

Leases

Leases

The Company has various lease arrangements for certain manufacturing and warehousing facilities, equipment rental, as well as administrative facilities. Lease expiration dates, including expected renewal options, range from April 2025 to November 2033.

The discount rates used to calculate the present value of lease payment range from 1.3% to 6.6% as of March 31, 2024. Currently, all leases are classified as operating leases.

The following table presents the balances by lease type:

	Balance Sheet Classification	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Operating Leases
Right of use assets	Right of use assets	$	16,696	$	11,774
Lease liability, short-term	Accrued liabilities	$	2,274	$	2,021
Lease liability, long-term	Other long-term liabilities	$	14,882	$	10,201

Since 2018, the Company has leased the manufacturing, engineering, and office space used by our operations in Parkville, Missouri. The lease provides approximately 86,000 square feet of manufacturing and office space. The lease expires December 31, 2032.

In November 2022, the Company entered into a lease agreement for land and facilities in Tulsa, Oklahoma which provides an additional 198,000 square feet to support our operations. In January 2024, we amended the lease for an additional 157,550 square feet for operations and parts distribution. The amended lease term will expire November 30, 2029.

In July 2023, the Company entered into a lease agreement with a start date of September 1, 2023, for land and approximately 72,000 square feet of facilities in Redmond, Oregon to support our manufacturing operations. The lease term is approximately five years with additional renewal options.

We also lease several properties near our Redmond, Oregon location. In the aggregate, these leases contain approximately 104,500 square feet of additional warehouse space. These leases have expiring terms from February 2025 to November 2033.

Total undiscounted future lease payments are as follows:

	(in thousands)
2024	$	2,415
2025	3,100
2026	3,046
2027	3,136
2028	3,130
Thereafter	6,403

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Accounts Receivable

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Receivables [Abstract]

Accounts Receivable

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable and the related allowance for credit losses are as follows:

 

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(in thousands)
Accounts receivable	$	110,097	$	138,431
Less:  Allowance for credit losses	(435)		(323)
Total, net	$	109,662	$	138,108

 

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
Allowance for credit losses:	(in thousands)
Balance, beginning of period	$	323	$	477
Provisions for (recoveries of) expected credit	112		(56)
losses, net of adjustments
Balance, end of period	$	435	$	421

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Inventories

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Inventories

Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined by the first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) method. We establish an allowance for excess and obsolete inventories based on product line changes, the feasibility of substituting parts and the need for supply and replacement parts.

The components of inventories and related changes in the allowance for excess and obsolete inventories account are as follows:

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(in thousands)
Raw materials	$	192,446	$	211,259
Work in process	7,497		5,523
Finished goods	3,050		2,910
Total, gross	202,993		219,692
Less:  Allowance for excess and obsolete inventories	(6,741)		(6,160)
Total, net	$	196,252	$	213,532

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
Allowance for excess and obsolete inventories:	(in thousands)
Balance, beginning of period	$	6,160	$	4,527
Provision for (recoveries of) excess and	960		664
obsolete inventories
Inventories written off	(379)		(443)
Balance, end of period	$	6,741	$	4,748

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Intangible Assets

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets

Our intangible assets consist of the following:

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Definite-lived intangible assets	(in thousands)
Intellectual property	$	12,450	$	12,450
Customer relationships	47,547		47,547
Capitalized internal-use software	7,640		3,323
Less:  Accumulated amortization	(11,544)		(9,838)
Total, net	56,093		53,482
Indefinite-lived intangible assets
Trademarks	14,571		14,571
Total intangible assets, net	$	70,664	$	68,053

Amortization expense recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses is as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
	(in thousands)
Amortization expense	$	1,706	$	902

Total future amortization expense for finite-lived intangible assets was estimated as follows:

	(in thousands)
2024	$	3,662
2025	4,656
2026	4,656
2027	4,656
2028	4,552
Thereafter	29,073
Total future amortization expense	51,255
Internal-use software projects in process	4,838
Total	$	56,093

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Supplemental Cash Flow Information

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Supplemental Cash Flow Elements [Abstract]

Supplemental Cash Flow Information

Supplemental Cash Flow Information

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
Supplemental disclosures:	(in thousands)
Interest paid	$	395	$	1,121
Income taxes paid	$	311	$	172
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Non-cash capital expenditures	$	(2,078)	$	366
Contingent shares issued (Note 15)	$	6,364

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Warranties

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Guarantees [Abstract]

Warranties

Warranties

The Company has product warranties with various terms from one year from the date of first use or 18 months for parts, data center cooling solutions, and cleanroom systems to 25 years for certain heat exchangers. The Company has an obligation to replace parts if conditions under the warranty are met. A provision is made for estimated warranty costs at the time the related products are sold based upon the warranty period, historical trends, new products, and any known identifiable warranty issues.  

Changes in the warranty accrual are as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
Warranty accrual:	(in thousands)
Balance, beginning of period	$	20,573	$	15,682
Payments made	(2,622)		(1,881)
Warranty expense	3,398		2,408
Balance, end of period	$	21,349	$	16,209

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Accrued Liabilities and Other Long-Term Liabilities

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Payables and Accruals [Abstract]

Accrued Liabilities and Other Long-Term Liabilities

Accrued Liabilities and Other Long-Term Liabilities

Accrued liabilities were comprised of the following:

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(in thousands)
Warranty	$	21,349	$	20,573
Due to representatives	17,608		14,428
Payroll	12,532		18,829
Profit sharing	4,600		7,596
Workers' compensation	446		338
Medical self-insurance	2,014		1,460
Customer prepayments	5,856		2,621
Donations, short-term	381		381
Accrued income taxes	9,391		1,170
Employee vacation time	10,670		10,315
Extended warranties, short-term	2,614		2,387
Lease liability, short-term	2,274		2,021
Property taxes	1,164		—
Other	2,299		3,389
Total	$	93,198	$	85,508

Other long-term liabilities were comprised of the following:

 

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(in thousands)
Lease liability	$	14,882	$	10,201
Extended warranties	6,553		6,082
Donations and other	491		524
Total	$	21,926	$	16,807

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Revolving Credit Facility

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Revolving Credit Facility

Revolving Credit Facility

On May 27, 2022, we amended our $100.0 million Amended and Restated Loan Agreement dated November 24, 2021 (as amended, “Revolver”), to provide for maximum borrowings of $200.0 million. As of March 31, 2024 we had no amounts outstanding under our Revolver. As of December 31, 2023, we had $38.3 million outstanding under the Revolver. We have two standby letters of credit totaling $2.3 million as of March 31, 2024. Borrowings available under the Revolver at March 31, 2024 were $197.7 million. The Revolver expires on May 27, 2027. We have amended the Revolver to allow for the occurrence of transactions associated with the New Markets Tax Credit transactions (Note 16).

Any outstanding loans under the Revolver bear interest at the daily compounded secured overnight financing rate ("SOFR") plus the applicable margin. Applicable margin, ranging from 1.25% - 1.75%, is determined quarterly based on the Company's leverage ratio. The Company is also subject to letter of credit fees, ranging from 1.25% - 1.75%, and a commitment fee, ranging from 0.10% - 0.20%. The applicable fee percentage is determined quarterly based on the Company's leverage ratio. The weighted average interest rate on borrowings outstanding on the Revolver was 6.6% and 6.0% for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Fees associated with the unused portion of the committed amount are included in interest expense on our consolidated statements of income for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

If SOFR cannot be determined pursuant to the definition, as defined by the Revolver agreement, any outstanding affected loans will be deemed to have been converted into alternative base rate ("ABR") loans. ABR loans would bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the highest of (a) the Prime Rate in effect on such day, (b) the Federal Funds Rate in effect on such day plus 0.50%, or (c) daily simple SOFR for a one-month tenor in effect on such day plus 1.00%.

At March 31, 2024, we were in compliance with our covenants, as defined by the Revolver. Our financial covenants require that we meet certain parameters related to our leverage ratio. At March 31, 2024, our leverage ratio was 0.01 to 1.0, which meets the requirement of not being above 3 to 1.

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Income Taxes

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

The provision (benefit) for income taxes consists of the following:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
	(in thousands)
Current	$	8,532	$	5,435
Deferred	(740)		921
Income tax provision	$	7,792	$	6,356

The provision for income taxes differs from the amount computed by applying the Federal statutory income tax rate before the provision for income taxes.

The reconciliation of the Federal statutory income tax rate to the effective income tax rate is as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
Federal statutory rate	21.0	%	21.0	%
State income taxes, net of Federal benefit	5.3		4.0
Excess tax benefits related to share-based compensation (Note 12)	(9.4)		(8.8)
Return to provision	(0.2)		(0.3)
Non-deductible executive compensation	1.0		—
Research and development credits	(1.4)		(1.5)
Other	0.3		0.3
Effective tax rate	16.6	%	14.7	%

We have historically earned investment tax credits from the state of Oklahoma’s manufacturing property investment program. We use the flow-through method to account for investment tax credits earned on eligible tangible asset expenditures. Under this method, the investment tax credits are recognized as a reduction to our Oklahoma income tax expense in the year they are used. As part of our expansion projects in Oklahoma, we identified a separate, more advantageous Oklahoma credit program (not income tax related) which resulted in us discontinuing our accumulation of credits for Oklahoma’s manufacturing property investment program after the 2022 tax year. As of March 31, 2024, we have investment tax credit carryforwards of approximately $2.3 million. These credits have estimated expirations from the year 2039 through 2043.

In accordance with the 2017 Tax Cuts & Jobs Act, under Internal Revenue Code Section 162(m), the tax deduction for covered executives of public companies is limited to $1.0 million per individual. Because of the increase in our stock price and timing of executive stock option exercises this resulted in an increase to the income tax provision of $0.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

In accordance with the 2017 Tax Cuts & Jobs Act, under Internal Revenue Code Section 174, research and development expenses incurred after December 31, 2021 are required to be capitalized and amortized over 5 years. The amortization requirements for tax purposes is a mid-year convention, meaning that the tax amortization is 10% in the year of acquisition, 20% in the following 4 years, and 10% in the final year.

The Company's estimated annual 2024 effective tax rate, excluding discrete events, is approximately 25.6%. We file income tax returns in the U.S., state and foreign income tax return jurisdictions. We are subject to U.S. income tax examinations for tax years 2020 to present, and to non-U.S. income tax examinations for the tax years 2019 to present. In addition, we are subject to state and local income tax examinations for the tax years 2019 to present. The Company continues to evaluate its need to file returns in various state jurisdictions. Any interest or penalties would be recognized as a component of income tax expense.

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Share-Based Compensation

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Share-Based Compensation

Share-Based Compensation

As discussed in Note 15, the Company declared a three-for-two stock split effective August 16, 2023. All share and per share information has been updated to reflect the effect of this stock split.

On May 22, 2007, our stockholders adopted a Long-Term Incentive Plan (“LTIP”) which provided an additional 5.0 million shares that could be granted in the form of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, performance units and performance awards. Under the LTIP, the exercise price of shares granted could not be less than 100% of the fair market value at the date of the grant.

On May 24, 2016, our stockholders adopted the 2016 Long-Term Incentive Plan ("2016 Plan") which provides for approximately 13.4 million shares, comprised of 5.1 million new shares provided for under the 2016 Plan, approximately 0.6 million shares that were available for issuance under the previous LTIP that are now authorized for issuance under the 2016 Plan, approximately 3.9 million shares that were approved by the stockholders on May 15, 2018, and an additional 3.8 million shares that were approved by the stockholders on May 12, 2020.

Under the 2016 Plan, shares can be granted in the form of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, performance awards, dividend equivalent rights, and other awards. Under the 2016 Plan, the exercise price of shares granted may not be less than 100% of the fair market value at the date of the grant. The 2016 Plan is administered by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors or such other committee of the Board of Directors as is designated by the Board of Directors (the “Committee”). Membership on the Committee is limited to independent directors. The Committee may delegate certain duties to one or more officers of the Company as provided in the 2016 Plan. The Committee determines the persons to whom awards are to be made, determines the type, size and terms of awards, interprets the 2016 Plan, establishes and revises rules and regulations relating to the 2016 Plan and makes any other determinations that it believes necessary for the administration of the 2016 Plan.

Options

The following weighted average assumptions were used to determine the fair value of the stock options granted on the original grant date for expense recognition purposes for options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 using a Black Scholes-Merton Model:

	Three months ended
	March 31, 2024	March 31, 2023
Directors and SLT1:
Expected (annual) dividend rate	$0.32	$0.32
Expected volatility	38.00%	37.89%
Risk-free interest rate	4.13%	4.40%
Expected life (in years)	4.0	4.0
Employees:
Expected (annual) dividend rate	$0.32	$0.32
Expected volatility	33.47%	39.55%
Risk-free interest rate	4.26%	4.48%
Expected life (in years)	3.0	3.0
1 SLT consists of officers and key members of management.

 

The expected term of the options is based on evaluations of historical and expected future employee exercise behavior. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury rates at the date of grant with maturity dates approximately equal to the expected life at the grant date. Volatility is based on historical volatility of our stock over time periods equal to the expected life at grant date.

 The following is a summary of stock options vested and exercisable as of March 31, 2024:

 

Range of Exercise Prices					Number of Shares	Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)	Weighted Average Exercise Price		Intrinsic Value (in thousands)
$	13.95	-	$	27.58	1,542,537	4.14	$	24.98	$	97,351
$	28.28	-	$	37.07	672,291	6.51	31.57		38,038
$	37.09	-	$	85.52	363,230	7.43	50.92		13,505
			Total		2,578,058	5.22	$	30.36	$	148,894

 A summary of stock option activity under the plans is as follows:

Stock Options	Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price
Outstanding at December 31, 2023	3,619,585	$	33.09
Granted	387,169	79.49
Exercised	(293,760)	33.51
Forfeited or Expired	(7,502)	50.27
Outstanding at March 31, 2024	3,705,492	$	37.84
Exercisable at March 31, 2024	2,578,058	$	30.36

The total pre-tax compensation cost related to unvested stock options not yet recognized as of March 31, 2024 is $14.7 million and is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 2.3 years.

The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 was $14.2 million and $16.7 million, respectively. The cash received from options exercised during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 was $9.8 million and $15.9 million, respectively. The impact of these cash receipts is included in financing activities in the accompanying consolidated statements of cash flows.

Restricted Stock

The fair value of restricted stock awards is based on the fair market value of AAON, Inc. common stock on the respective grant dates, reduced for the present value of dividends. At March 31, 2024, unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested restricted stock awards was approximately $7.6 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 2.1 years.

A summary of the unvested restricted stock awards is as follows:

	Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested at December 31, 2023	187,084	$	44.07
Granted	53,479	78.38
Vested	(71,757)	38.63
Forfeited	(1,230)	48.79
Unvested at March 31, 2024	167,576	$	57.28

PSUs

We have awarded performance restricted stock units ("PSUs") to certain officers and employees under our 2016 Plan. Unlike our restricted stock awards, these PSUs are not considered legally outstanding and do not accrue dividends during the vesting period. These PSUs vest based on the level of achievement with respect to the Company's total shareholder return ("TSR") benchmarked against similar companies included in the capital goods sector of the S&P SmallCap 600 Index. The TSR measurement period is three years. At the end of the measurement period, each award will be converted into common stock at 0% to 200% of the PSUs held, depending on overall TSR as compared to the S&P SmallCap 600 Index benchmark companies.

The total pre-tax compensation cost related to unvested PSUs not yet recognized as of March 31, 2024 is $8.5 million and is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 2.0 years.

The following weighted average assumptions were used to determine the fair value of the PSUs granted on the original grant date for expense recognition purposes for PSUs granted during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 using a Monte Carlo Model:

	Three months ended
	March 31, 2024	March 31, 2023
Expected (annual) dividend rate	$0.32	$0.32
Expected volatility	33.99%	32.71%
Risk-free interest rate	4.31%	4.66%
Expected life (in years)	2.8	2.8

The expected term of the PSUs is based on their remaining performance period. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury rates at the date of grant with maturity dates approximately equal to the expected life at the grant date. Volatility is based on historical volatility of our stock over time periods equal to the expected life at grant date.

A summary of the unvested PSUs is as follows:

	Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested at December 31, 2023	152,112	$	54.88
Granted	46,699	106.24
Additional target payout1	2,059	58.53
Vested	(21,919)	58.53
Forfeited	(2,362)	58.53
Unvested at March 31, 20242	176,589	$	68.01
1 The additional number of PSUs earned based on a 110% achievement at December 31, 2023 for awards vesting in 2024.
2 Consists of 71,760 PSUs cliff vesting December 31, 2024, 58,130 PSUs cliff vesting December 31, 2025, and 46,699 PSUs cliff vesting December 31, 2026.

Key Employee Awards

As part of the December 2021 acquisition of BASX, the Company granted awards to key employees of BASX ("Key Employee Awards"). Unlike our restricted stock awards under the 2016 Plan, the Key Employee Awards are not considered legally outstanding and do not accrue dividends during the vesting period. The issuance of the Key Employee Awards was contingent upon BASX meeting certain post-closing earn-out milestones during each of the years ending 2021, 2022 and 2023 as defined by the BASX acquisition membership interest purchase agreement ("MIPA Agreement") and continued employment with the Company. At the end of the earn-out period, ending December 31, 2023, each eligible Key Employee Award vested and was converted into common stock. The fair value of Key Employee Awards is based on the fair market value of AAON common stock on the grant date. All pre-tax compensation cost has been recognized as of December 31, 2023 and all awards vested in March 2024.

A summary of the unvested Key Employee Awards is as follows:

	Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested at December 31, 2023	39,899	$	53.45
Granted	—	—
Vested	(39,899)	53.45
Forfeited	—	—
Unvested at March 31, 2024	—	$	—

Share-Based Compensation

A summary of share-based compensation is as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
Grant date fair value of awards during the period:	(in thousands)
Options	$	8,708	$	4,673
PSUs	4,961		3,241
Restricted stock	4,192		2,906
Total	$	17,861	$	10,820
Share-based compensation expense:
Options	$	2,207	$	2,065
PSUs	624		367
Restricted stock	1,126		826
Key Employee Awards	—		261
Total	$	3,957	$	3,519
Income tax benefit related to share-based compensation:
Options	$	3,147	$	3,321
PSUs	169		—
Restricted stock	808		465
Key Employee Awards	282		—
Total	$	4,406	$	3,786

Share-based compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the service period of the related share-based compensation award. Historically, stock options and restricted stock awards, granted to employees, vested at a rate of 20% per year. Restricted stock awards granted to directors historically vested one-third each year or, if granted on or after May 2019, vest over the shorter of directors' remaining elected term or one-third each year. As of March 2021, all new grants of stock options and restricted stock awards, granted to employees, vest at a rate of 33.3% per year. Forfeitures are accounted for as they occur.

Historically, if the employee or director is retirement eligible (as defined by the applicable LTIP or 2016 Plan) or becomes retirement eligible during the service period of the related share-based compensation award, the service period (and compensation expense recognition) is the lesser of 1) the grant date, if retirement eligible on grant date, or 2) the period between grant date and retirement eligible date. All stock options and restricted stock awards granted on or after March 1, 2020 to retirement eligible employees or directors contain a one-year employment requirement (minimum service period) or the entire award is forfeited. Forfeitures are accounted for as they occur.

The PSUs cliff vest on December 31, at the end of the third year from the date of grant. Share-based compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the service period of PSUs. The PSUs are subject to several service and market conditions, as defined by the PSU agreement, which allows the holder to retain a pro-rata amount of awards as a result of certain termination conditions, retirement, change in common control, or death. Forfeitures are accounted for as they occur.

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Employee Benefits

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Retirement Benefits [Abstract]

Employee Benefits

Employee Benefits

Defined Contribution Plan - 401(k)

We sponsor a defined contribution plan (the “Plan”). Eligible employees may make contributions in accordance with the Plan and IRS guidelines. In addition to the traditional 401(k), eligible employees are given the option of making an after-tax contribution to a Roth 401(k) or a combination of both. The Plan provides for automatic enrollment and for an automatic increase to the deferral percentage at January 1st of each year and each year thereafter. Eligible employees are automatically enrolled in the Plan at a 6% deferral rate and currently contributing employees deferral rates will be increased to 6% unless their current rate is at or above 6% or the employee elects to decline the automatic enrollment or increase. Administrative expenses are paid for by Plan participants. The Company paid no administrative expenses during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

The Company matches 175% up to 6% of employee contributions of eligible compensation. Additionally, Plan participant forfeitures are used to reduce the cost of the Company contributions.

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
	(in thousands)
Contributions, net of forfeitures, made to the defined contribution plan	$	5,710	$	5,259

Profit Sharing Bonus Plans

We maintain a discretionary profit sharing bonus plan under which approximately 8.5% of pre-tax profit (10% prior to January 1, 2024) from the Company is paid to eligible employees on a quarterly basis in order to reward employee productivity. Eligible employees are regular full-time non-exempt employees of the Company who are actively employed and working on the first and last day of the calendar quarter. BASX employees are eligible to participate in the discretionary profit sharing bonus plan on January 1, 2024.

Prior to January 1, 2024, BASX had a separate employee incentive program (EIP) under which 5% of BASX's pre-tax profit, plus certain add backs, is paid ratably to eligible employees based on days-of-pay during the fiscal year. Eligible employees are regular full-time and part-time employees who have worked during the year and are still employed when the EIP payment is made following the end of the fiscal year, excluding members of BASX's senior leadership team and any employee paid commissions or royalties. This incentive program ended December 31, 2023.

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
	(in thousands)
Profit sharing bonus plan and employee incentive plan expense	$	4,600	$	4,866

Employee Medical Plan

We self-insure for our employees' health insurance, and make medical claim payments up to certain stop-loss amounts. We estimate our self-insurance liabilities using an analysis provided by our claims administrator and our historical claims experience. Eligible employees are regular full-time employees who are actively employed and working. Participants are expected to pay a portion of the premium costs for coverage of the benefits provided under the Plans. In addition, the Company matches 175% of a participating employee's allowed contributions to a qualified health saving account to assist employees with health insurance plan deductibles. BASX employees joined the Company's medical plan and benefits on January 1, 2024.

BASX was insured for healthcare coverage through a third party through December 31, 2023. Eligible employees are regular full-time employees who are actively employed and working. Participants are expected to pay a portion of the premium costs for coverage of the benefits provided under the Plans. In addition, the Company contributes certain amounts for BASX's employees enrolled in a high deductible plan to a qualified health savings account to assist employees with health insurance plan deductibles. This healthcare coverage ended December 31, 2023.

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
	(in thousands)
Medical premium payments	$	3,371	$	2,668
Health saving account contributions	2,166		1,060

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Earnings Per Share

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Earnings Per Share

Earnings Per Share

Basic net income per share is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net income per share assumes the conversion of all potentially dilutive securities and is calculated by dividing net income by the sum of the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding plus all potentially dilutive securities. Dilutive common shares consist primarily of stock options and restricted stock awards.

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
Numerator:	(in thousands, except share and per share data)
Net income	$	39,016	$	36,814
Denominator:
Basic weighted average shares3	81,661,972		80,460,897
Effect of dilutive shares related to stock based compensation1,3	2,193,000		1,972,145
Effect of dilutive shares related to contingent consideration2 ,3	189,698		427,916
Diluted weighted average shares3	84,044,670		82,860,958
Earnings per share:
Basic3	$	0.48	$	0.46
Dilutive3	$	0.46	$	0.44
Anti-dilutive shares:
Shares3	112,717		180,442
1 Dilutive shares related to stock options, restricted stock, PSUs and Key Employee Awards (Note 12)
2 Dilutive shares related to contingent shares issued to the former owners of BASX (Note 15)
3 Reflects three-for-two stock split effective August 16, 2023.

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Stockholders' Equity

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]

Stockholders' Equity

Stockholders’ Equity

Stock Repurchases

The Board has authorized one active stock repurchase program for the Company. The Company may purchase shares on the open market from time to time. The Board must authorize the timing and amount of these purchases and all repurchases are in accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC allowing the Company to repurchase shares from the open market.

Our open market repurchase programs are as follows:

Effective Date	Authorized Repurchase $	Expiration Date
November 3, 2022	$50 million	February 27, 2024
February 27, 2024	$50 million	** 1, 2
1 Expiration Date is at Board's discretion. The Company is authorized to effectuate repurchases of the Company's common stock on terms and conditions approved in advance by the Board.
2 As of March 31, 2024, there is approximately $50.0 million remaining under the current stock repurchase program. The remaining amount available is subject to a Board authorized 10b5-1 plan requiring certain market conditions and requirements.

The Company repurchases shares of AAON, Inc. stock from employees for payment of statutory tax withholdings on stock transactions. All other repurchases from directors or employees are contingent upon Board approval. All repurchases are done at current market prices.

Lastly, the Company also had a stock repurchase arrangement by which employee-participants in our 401(k) savings and investment plan were entitled to have shares in AAON, Inc. stock in their accounts sold to the Company. The 401(k) Plan was amended in June 2022 to discontinue this program. No additional shares have been purchased by the Company under this arrangement since June 2022.

Our repurchase activity is as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2024			March 31, 2023
	(in thousands, except share and per share data)
Program	Shares1	Total $	$ per share1	Shares1	Total $	$ per share1
Employees	36,860	3,041	82.50	17,509	1,030	58.83
1 Reflects three-for-two stock split effective August 16, 2023.

Our repurchase activity since Company inception, including our current authorized stock repurchase programs, are as follows:

	Inception to			March 31, 2024
	(in thousands, except share and per share data)
Program	Shares1	Total $			$ per share1
Open market	6,893,924	$	106,625		$	15.47
401(k)	12,462,552	171,789			13.78
Directors and employees	3,126,197	27,703			8.86
Total	22,482,673	$	306,117		$	13.62
1 Reflects three-for-two stock split effective August 16, 2023.

Cash Dividends

At the discretion of the Board, we pay cash dividends. Board approval is required to determine the date of declaration and amount for each cash dividend payment.

Our recent cash dividends are as follows:

Declaration Date	Record Date	Payment Date	Dividend per Share1	Annualized Dividend per Share1
March 1, 2023	March 13, 2023	March 31, 2023	$0.08	$0.32
May 18, 2023	June 9, 2023	June 30, 2023	$0.08	$0.32
August 18, 2023	September 8, 2023	September 29, 2023	$0.08	$0.32
November 10, 2023	November 29, 2023	December 18, 2023	$0.08	$0.32
March 5, 2024	March 18, 2024	March 29, 2024	$0.08	$0.32
1 Reflects three-for-two stock split effective August 16, 2023.

Stock Split

On July 7, 2023, the Board of Directors declared a three-for-two stock split of the Company's common stock to be paid in the form of a stock dividend. Stockholders of record at the close of business on July 28, 2023 received one additional share for every two shares they held as of that date on August 16, 2023 (ex-dividend date August 17, 2023). Cash was paid in lieu of fractional shares (approximately $0.5 million). All share and per share information has been updated to reflect the effects of this stock split. The retroactive effect of the stock split resulted in an approximately $0.1 million reclass between common stock and retained earnings within stockholders' equity on the consolidated balance sheet.

Contingent Shares Issued in BASX Acquisition

As discussed above, the Company declared a three-for-two stock split effective August 16, 2023. All share and per share information has been updated to reflect the effect of this stock split.

In December 2021, we closed on the acquisition of BASX. Under the MIPA Agreement, we committed to $78.0 million in the aggregate of contingent consideration to the former owners of BASX, which is payable in approximately 1.56 million shares of the Company's common stock, par value $0.004 per share. The shares do not accrue dividends.

Under the MIPA Agreement, the issuance of shares to the former owners of BASX was contingent upon BASX meeting certain post-closing earn-out milestones during each of the years ended 2021, 2022, and 2023. In March 2024, we issued the remaining 0.24 million shares related to the earn-out milestone for the year ended 2023. As a result of the shares issued in March 2024, the tax basis exceeded the book basis for consideration paid resulting in a deferred tax asset and an increase to additional paid-in capital of $6.4 million, respectively, on our consolidated balance sheet. The deferred tax asset is expected to be amortized over fifteen years. We previously issued 0.58 million shares in March 2023, related to the earn-out milestone for the year ended 2022. All shares have been issued as private placements exempt from registration with the SEC under Rule 506(b) and are included in common stock on the consolidated statements of stockholders' equity.

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New Market Tax Credit

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

New Market Tax Credit [Abstract]

New Market Tax Credit

New Markets Tax Credit

2019 New Markets Tax Credit

On October 24, 2019, the Company entered into a transaction with a subsidiary of an unrelated third-party financial institution (the “2019 Investor”) and a certified Community Development Entity under a qualified New Markets Tax Credit (“2019 NMTC”) program pursuant to Section 45D of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, related to an investment in plant and equipment to facilitate the expansion of our Longview, Texas manufacturing operations (the “2019 Project”). In connection with the 2019 NMTC transaction, the Company received a $23.0 million NMTC allocation for the Project and secured low interest financing and the potential for future debt forgiveness related to the 2019 Project.

Upon closing of the 2019 NMTC transaction, the Company provided an aggregate of approximately $15.9 million to the 2019 Investor, in the form of a loan receivable, with a term of twenty-five years, bearing an interest rate of 1.0%. This $15.9 million in proceeds plus capital contributed from the 2019 Investor was used to make an aggregate $22.5 million loan to a subsidiary of the Company. This financing arrangement is secured by equipment at the Company's Longview, Texas facilities and a guarantee from the Company, including an unconditional guarantee of the NMTCs.

This transaction also includes a put/call feature either of which can be exercised at the end of the seven-year compliance period. The 2019 Investor may exercise its put option or the Company can exercise the call, both of which could serve to trigger forgiveness of a portion of the debt. The 2019 Investor's interest of $6.5 million is recorded in New market tax credit obligation on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company incurred approximately $0.3 million of debt issuance costs related to the above transactions, which are being amortized over the life of the transaction.

2023 New Markets Tax Credit

On April 25, 2023, the Company entered into a transaction with a subsidiary of an unrelated third-party financial institution (the “2023 Investor”) and a certified Community Development Entity under a qualified New Markets Tax Credit (“2023 NMTC”) program pursuant to Section 45D of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, related to an investment in plant and equipment to facilitate the expansion of our Longview, Texas manufacturing operations (the “2023 Project”). In connection with the 2023 NMTC transaction, the Company received a $23.0 million NMTC allocation for the 2023 Project and secured low interest financing and the potential for future debt forgiveness related to the expansion of its Longview, Texas facilities.

Upon closing of the 2023 NMTC transaction, the Company provided an aggregate of approximately $16.7 million to the Investor, in the form of a loan receivable, with a term of twenty-five years, bearing an interest rate of 1.0%. This $16.7 million in proceeds plus capital contributed from the 2023 Investor was used to make an aggregate $23.8 million loan to a subsidiary of the Company. This financing arrangement is secured by a guarantee from the Company, including an unconditional guarantee of the NMTCs. The net proceeds from the closing of the 2023 NMTC are included in restricted cash on our consolidated balance sheets required to be used for the 2023 Project.

This transaction also includes a put/call feature either of which can be exercised at the end of the seven-year compliance period. The 2023 Investor may exercise its put option or the Company can exercise the call, both of which could serve to trigger forgiveness of a portion of the debt. The 2023 Investor's interest of $5.7 million is recorded in New market tax credit obligation on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company incurred approximately $0.4 million of debt issuance costs related to the above transactions, which are being amortized over the life of the transaction.

2024 New Markets Tax Credit

On February 27, 2024, the Company entered into a transaction with a subsidiary of an unrelated third-party financial institution (the “2024 Investor”) and a certified Community Development Entity under a qualified New Markets Tax Credit (“2024 NMTC”) program pursuant to Section 45D of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, related to an investment in real estate to facilitate 2023 Project. In connection with the 2024 NMTC transaction, the Company received a $15.5 million NMTC allocation for the 2023 Project and secured low interest financing and the potential for future debt forgiveness related to the expansion of its Longview, Texas facilities.

Upon closing of the 2024 NMTC transaction, the Company provided an aggregate of approximately $11.0 million to the Investor, in the form of a loan receivable, with a term of twenty-five years, bearing an interest rate of 1.0%. This $11.0 million in proceeds plus capital contributed from the Investor was used to make an aggregate $16.0 million loan to a subsidiary of the Company. This financing arrangement is secured by a guarantee from the Company, including an unconditional guarantee of the NMTCs. The net proceeds from the closing of the 2024 NMTC are included in restricted cash on our consolidated balance sheets required to be used for the 2023 Project.

This transaction also includes a put/call feature that either of which can be exercised at the end of the seven-year compliance period. The Investor may exercise its put option or the Company can exercise the call, both of which could serve to trigger forgiveness of a portion of the debt. The 2024 Investor's interest of $3.8 million is recorded in New market tax credit obligations on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company incurred approximately $0.4 million of debt issuance costs related to the above transactions, which are being amortized over the life of the transaction.

The 2019 Investor, 2023 Investor, and 2024 Investor are each subject to 100 percent recapture of the 2019, 2023, and 2024 NMTC, respectively, it receives for a period of seven years, as provided in the Internal Revenue Code and applicable U.S. Treasury regulations in the event that the financing facility of the Borrower under the transaction (AAON Coil Products, Inc.) becomes ineligible for NMTC treatment per the Internal Revenue Code requirements. The Company is required to be in compliance with various regulations and contractual provisions that apply to the 2019 NMTC arrangements, 2023 NMTC arrangements, and 2024 NMTC arrangements, respectively. Noncompliance with applicable requirements could result in the 2019 and/or 2023 and/or 2024 Investors' projected tax benefits not being realized and, therefore, require the Company to indemnify the 2019 Investor, 2023 Investor, and 2024 Investor for any loss or recapture of the 2019 NMTC, 2023 NMTC, and 2024 NMTC, respectively, related to the financing until such time as the recapture provisions have expired under the applicable statute of limitations. The Company does not anticipate any credit recapture will be required in connection with any of these financing arrangements.

The 2019 Investor, 2023 Investor, and 2024 Investor and its majority owned community development entity are considered VIEs and the Company is the primary beneficiary of the VIEs. Because the Company is the primary beneficiary of the VIEs,

they have been included in the consolidated financial statements. There are no other assets, liabilities or transactions in these VIEs outside of the financing transactions executed as part of the 2019 NMTC, 2023 NMTC, or 2024 NMTC arrangements, respectively.

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Commitments and Contingencies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies

Havtech Litigation

On January 24, 2022, one of the Company’s former independent sales representative firms, Havtech, LLC (and its affiliate, Havtech Parts Division, LLC, collectively “Plaintiffs”), filed a complaint (the “Complaint”) in the Circuit Court for Howard County, Maryland (Havtech, LLC, et al., v. AAON, Inc., et al.). The Complaint challenged the Company’s termination of its business relationship with Plaintiffs. The Company removed the action to the United States District Court for the District of Maryland (Northern Division) and moved to dismiss the Complaint. Plaintiffs’ First Amended Complaint (“First Amended Complaint”) was entered by the court on July 28, 2022. The First Amended Complaint asserts that the Company improperly terminated Plaintiffs and seeks damages alleged to be no less than $48.6 million, plus fees and costs. The Company filed its Answer to First Amended Complaint on January 31, 2023.

On September 28, 2023, the parties attended a court ordered settlement conference and agreed to resolve the case for $7.5 million. A settlement agreement was entered into on October 25, 2023 and the case has been dismissed with prejudice. The settlement of $7.5 million has been included in accrued liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets and selling, general and administrative expenses on our consolidated statement of income. The final payment was made on October 26, 2023.

Other Matters

The Company is involved from time to time in claims and lawsuits incidental to our business arising from various matters, including alleged violations of contract, product liability, warranty, environmental, regulatory, personal injury, intellectual property, employment, tax and other laws. We closely monitor these claims and legal actions and frequently consult with our legal counsel to determine whether they may, when resolved, have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows and we accrue and/or disclose loss contingencies as appropriate. We do not believe these matters will have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

We are occasionally party to short-term and long-term, cancellable and occasionally non-cancellable, contracts with major suppliers for the purchase of raw material and component parts. We expect to receive delivery of raw material and component parts for use in our manufacturing operations. These contracts are not accounted for as derivative instruments because they meet the normal purchase and normal sales exemption. We had no material contractual purchase obligations as of March 31, 2024, except as noted below.

In 2023, the Company executed a five-year purchase commitment for refrigerants. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company made payments of $3.6 million and $2.4 million, respectively, on this contract. Estimated minimum future payments are $8.3 million, $9.1 million, $10.5 million, and $11.2 million for 2024, 2025, 2026, and 2027, respectively. We had no other material contractual purchase obligations as of March 31, 2024.

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Related Parties

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Related Party Transactions [Abstract]

Related Parties

Related Parties

The following is a summary of transactions and balances with related parties:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
	(in thousands)
Sales to affiliates	$	2,196	$	1,145
Payments to affiliates	615		392
	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(in thousands)
Due from affiliates	$	792	$	994
Due to affiliates	119		145

The nature of our related party transactions is as follows:

•The Company sells units to an entity owned by a member of the CEO's immediate family. This entity is also one of the Company’s Representatives and as such, the Company makes payments to the entity for third party products.

•The Company purchases some supplies from entities controlled by two of the Company’s board members and a member of the Company's executive management team.

•The Company periodically makes part sales and makes payments to a board member related to a consulting agreement.

•The Company periodically rents space partially owned by the CEO for various Company meetings.

•The Company leases flight time of an aircraft partially owned by our COO and Vice President.

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Segments

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Segments

Segments

The Company has determined that it has three reportable segments for financial reporting purposes. Management evaluates the performance of its business segments primarily on gross profit. The Company's chief operating decision maker ("CODM"), our CEO, allocates resources and assesses the performance of each operating segment using information about the operating segment's net sales and income from operations. The CODM does not evaluate operating segments using asset or liability information.

AAON Oklahoma: AAON Oklahoma designs, manufactures, sells and services standard, semi-custom and custom heating, ventilation and air conditioning ("HVAC") systems, designs and produces controls solutions for all of our HVAC units and sells retail parts to customers through our two retail part stores in Tulsa, Oklahoma as well as online. Through our Norman Asbjornson Innovation Center ("NAIC") research and development laboratory facility in Tulsa, Oklahoma, the Company is able to test units under various environmental conditions. AAON Oklahoma includes the operations of our Tulsa, Oklahoma and Parkville, Missouri facilities, our NAIC research and development laboratory facility and two retail parts locations.

AAON Coil Products: AAON Coil Products designs and manufactures a selection of our standard, semi-custom and custom HVAC systems. AAON Coil Products also designs and manufactures various heating and cooling coils to be used in HVAC systems, mostly for the benefit of AAON Oklahoma and AAON Coil Products. AAON Coil Products consists of operations at our Longview, Texas facilities.

BASX: BASX provides product development design and manufacturing of custom engineered air handling systems including high efficiency data center cooling solutions, cleanroom HVAC systems, commercial/industrial HVAC systems and modular solutions. Additionally, BASX designs and manufactures cleanroom environmental control systems to support hospital surgical suites, pharmaceutical process facilities, semiconductor and electronics manufacturing, laboratory and isolation modular cleanrooms for facility flexibility. BASX consists of operations at our Redmond, Oregon facility.

The following table summarizes certain financial data related to our segments. Transactions between segments are recorded based on prices negotiated between the segments. The Gross Profit amounts shown below are presented after elimination entries.

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
Net Sales
AAON Oklahoma
External sales	$	210,140	$	202,002
Inter-segment sales	1,671		1,494
AAON Coil Products
External sales	24,247		33,412
Inter-segment sales	9,331		7,317
BASX
External sales	27,712		30,539
Inter-segment sales	2		370
Eliminations	(11,004)		(9,181)
Net sales	$	262,099	$	265,953
Gross Profit
AAON Oklahoma	$	78,411	$	61,850
AAON Coil Products	8,140		7,158
BASX	5,691		8,146
Gross profit	$	92,242	$	77,154

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Long-lived assets	(in thousands)
AAON Oklahoma	$	255,176	$	248,556
AAON Coil Products	89,701		83,169
BASX	62,383		49,996
Total long-lived assets	$	407,260	$	381,721
Intangible assets and goodwill
AAON Oklahoma	$	13,795	$	10,282
AAON Coil Products	—		—
BASX	138,761		139,663
Total intangible assets and goodwill	$	152,556	$	149,945

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Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024		Mar. 31, 2023
Pay vs Performance Disclosure
Net income	$ 39,016	[1]	$ 36,814

[1] 1 Reflects three-for-two stock split effective August 16, 2023

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Insider Trading Arrangements

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

shares

Trading Arrangements, by Individual

Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted

false

Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated

false

Stephen E. Wakefield [Member]

Trading Arrangements, by Individual

Material Terms of Trading Arrangement

The following table describes contracts, instructions or written plans for the purchase or sale of our securities intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c).

Name and Title of Director or Officer	Date of Adoption of Arrangement	Duration of the Arrangement	Aggregate Number of Securities to be Purchased or Sold Pursuant to the Arrangement
Stephen E. Wakefield	November 23, 2022	Terminated May 17, 2023	95,788
Vice President
Stephen E. Wakefield	September 13, 2023	Terminated December 27, 2023	181,000
Vice President
Stephen E. Wakefield	March 14, 2024	March 14, 2025	29,946
Vice President

Name

Stephen E. Wakefield

Title

Vice President

Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted

true

Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated

true

Stephen E. Wakefield Trading Arrangement, One [Member] | Stephen E. Wakefield [Member]

Trading Arrangements, by Individual

Adoption Date

November 23, 2022

Termination Date

5/17/2023

Arrangement Duration

175 days

Aggregate Available

95,788

Stephen E. Wakefield Trading Arrangement, Two [Member] | Stephen E. Wakefield [Member]

Trading Arrangements, by Individual

Adoption Date

September 13, 2023

Termination Date

12/27/2023

Arrangement Duration

105 days

Aggregate Available

181,000

Stephen E. Wakefield Trading Arrangement, Three [Member] | Stephen E. Wakefield [Member]

Trading Arrangements, by Individual

Adoption Date

March 14, 2024

Arrangement Duration

365 days

Aggregate Available

29,946

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General (Policies)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Because these estimates and assumptions require significant judgment, actual results could differ from those estimates and could have a significant impact on our results of operations, financial position, and cash flows. We reevaluate our estimates and assumptions as needed, but at a minimum on a quarterly basis. The most significant estimates include, but are not limited to, inventory valuation, inventory reserves, warranty accrual, workers' compensation accrual, medical insurance accrual, income taxes, useful lives of property, plant, and equipment, estimated future use of leased property, share-based compensation, revenue percentage of completion and estimated costs to complete. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

Inflation and Labor Market

In 2023, we saw the slowing of inflation and some stabilization of raw material and component prices. Due to our favorable liquidity position, we continue to make strategic purchases of materials when we see opportunities. We continue to monitor and manage increases in the cost of raw materials through price increases for our products. We have also experienced supply chain challenges related to specific manufacturing parts, which we have managed through our strong vendor relationships as well as expanding our list of vendors.

Additionally, we continue to experience challenges in a tight labor market, especially the hiring of both skilled and unskilled production labor. We have implemented the following wage increases to remain competitive and to attract and retain employees:

•In March 2023, we awarded annual merit raises for an overall 3.9% increase to wages.

•In March 2024, we awarded annual merit raises for an overall 3.3% increase to wages.

We continue to implement human resource initiatives to retain and attract labor to further increase production capacity. Beginning in 2023, initiatives included changing our employee paid time off policy, historically awarded in arrears at the beginning of each quarter, to accrue ratably over each pay period. Additionally, we enhanced our benefits for short-term disability, life insurance, paid parental leave, and paid military leave.

Despite efforts to mitigate the impact of inflation, supply chain issues and the tight labor market, future disruptions, while temporary, could negatively impact our consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements

The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, receivables, accounts payable, and accrued liabilities approximate fair value because of the short-term maturity of the items. The carrying amount of the Company’s revolving line of credit, and other payables, approximate their fair values either due to their short term nature, the variable rates associated with the debt or based on current rates offered to the Company for debt with similar characteristics.

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value is based upon assumptions that market participants would use when pricing an asset or liability. We use the following fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes valuation technique inputs used to measure fair value into three broad levels:

•Level 1: Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities that we have the ability to access at the measurement date.

•Level 2: Inputs (other than quoted prices included within Level 1) that are either directly or indirectly observable for the asset or liability, including (i) quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, (ii) quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets, (iii) inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, and (iv) inputs that are derived from observable market data by correlation or other means.

•Level 3: Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability including situations where there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability. Items categorized in Level 3 include the estimated fair values of intangible assets, contingent consideration, and goodwill acquired in a business combination.

The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). In some cases, the inputs used to measure fair value might fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. The lowest level input that is significant to a fair value measurement determines the applicable level in the fair value hierarchy. Assessing the significance of a particular input to a fair value measurement requires judgment, considering factors specific to the asset or liability.

Intangible Assets

Definite-Lived Intangible Assets

Our definite-lived intangible assets include various trademarks, service marks, and technical knowledge acquired in business combinations or asset acquisitions. We amortize our definite-lived intangible assets on a straight-line basis over the estimated

useful lives of the assets. We evaluate the carrying value of our amortizable intangible assets for potential impairment when events and circumstances warrant such a review.

Goodwill

Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets

Goodwill represents the excess of the consideration paid for the acquired businesses over the fair value of the individual assets acquired, net of liabilities assumed. Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are not amortized, but instead are evaluated for impairment at least annually. We perform our annual assessment of impairment during the fourth quarter of our fiscal year, and more frequently if circumstances warrant.

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill were as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
	(in thousands)
Balance, beginning of period	$	81,892	$	81,892
Additions (decreases) during the period	—		—
Balance, end of period	$	81,892	$	81,892

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Changes to U.S. GAAP are established by the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") in the form of Accounting Standards Updates ("ASUs") to the FASB's Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC"). We consider the applicability and impact of all ASUs. ASUs not listed or included within the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, were assessed and determined to be either not applicable or are expected to have minimal impact on our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto.

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General (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Schedule of Intangible Assets

Amortization is computed using the straight-line method over the following estimated useful lives:

Intellectual property	6 - 30 years
Customer relationships	14 years

Software Development Costs

We capitalize costs incurred to purchase or develop software for internal use. Internal-use software development costs are capitalized during the application development stage. These capitalized costs are reflected in intangible assets, net on the consolidated balance sheets and are amortized over the estimated useful life of the software. The useful life of our internal-use software development costs is generally 1-6 years.

Our intangible assets consist of the following:

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Definite-lived intangible assets	(in thousands)
Intellectual property	$	12,450	$	12,450
Customer relationships	47,547		47,547
Capitalized internal-use software	7,640		3,323
Less:  Accumulated amortization	(11,544)		(9,838)
Total, net	56,093		53,482
Indefinite-lived intangible assets
Trademarks	14,571		14,571
Total intangible assets, net	$	70,664	$	68,053

Schedule of Goodwill

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill were as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
	(in thousands)
Balance, beginning of period	$	81,892	$	81,892
Additions (decreases) during the period	—		—
Balance, end of period	$	81,892	$	81,892

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Revenue Recognition (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Schedule of Disaggregation of Revenue

The following tables show disaggregated net sales by reportable segment (Note 19) by major source, net of intercompany sales eliminations.

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
	AAON Oklahoma		AAON Coil Products		BASX		Total
	(in thousands)
Rooftop units	$	191,265	$	—	$	—	$	191,265
Condensing units	—		10,909		—		10,909
Air handlers	—		9,547		2,187		11,734
Outdoor mechanical rooms	—		—		—		—
Cleanroom systems	—		—		7,313		7,313
Data center cooling solutions	—		206		17,673		17,879
Water-source heat pumps	—		1,581		—		1,581
Part sales	15,317		6		278		15,601
Other1	3,558		1,998		261		5,817
	$	210,140	$	24,247	$	27,712	$	262,099
	Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
	AAON Oklahoma		AAON Coil Products		BASX		Total
	(in thousands)
Rooftop units	$	180,026	$	—	$	—	$	180,026
Condensing units	—		15,278		—		15,278
Air handlers	—		12,221		3,038		15,259
Outdoor mechanical rooms	208		151		—		359
Cleanroom systems	—		—		12,622		12,622
Data center cooling solutions	—		1,446		14,476		15,922
Water-source heat pumps	2,730		3,080		—		5,810
Part sales	13,904		1		248		14,153
Other1	5,134		1,235		155		6,524
	$	202,002	$	33,412	$	30,539	$	265,953
1 Other sales include freight, extended warranties and miscellaneous revenue.

Due to the highly customized nature of many of the Company’s products and each product not having an alternative use to the Company without significant costs to the Company, the Company recognizes revenue over time as progress is made toward satisfying the performance obligations of each contract. The Company has formal cancellation policies and generally does not accept returns on these units. As a result, many of the Company’s products do not have an alternative use and therefore, for these products we recognize revenue over the time it takes to produce the unit.

Contract costs include direct materials, direct labor, installation, freight and delivery, commissions and royalties. Other costs not related to contract performance, such as indirect labor and materials, small tools and supplies, operating expenses, field rework and back charges are charged to expense as incurred. Provisions for estimated losses on contracts in progress are made in the period in which such losses are determined. Changes in job performance, job conditions, and estimated profitability, including those arising from contract penalty provisions and final contract settlements, may result in revisions to costs and income, and are estimated and recognized by the Company throughout the life of the contract. The aggregate of costs incurred and income recognized on uncompleted contracts in excess of billings is shown as a contract asset within our consolidated

balance sheets, and the aggregate of billings on uncompleted contracts in excess of related costs incurred and income recognized is shown as a contract liability within our consolidated balance sheets.

For all other products that are part sales or standardized units, the Company recognizes revenue, presented net of sales tax, when it satisfies the performance obligation in its contracts. As the primary performance obligation in such a contract is delivery of the requested manufactured equipment, we satisfy the performance obligation when the control is passed to the customer, generally at time of shipment. Final sales prices are fixed based on purchase orders.

Sales allowances and customer incentives are treated as reductions to sales and are provided for based on historical experiences and current estimates.

Historically, sales of our products were moderately seasonal with the peak period being May-October of each year due to timing of construction projects being directly related to warmer weather. However, in recent years, given the increases in demand of our product and increases in our backlog, sales has become more constant throughout the year.

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Leases (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Leases [Abstract]

Schedule of Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Maturity

The following table presents the balances by lease type:

	Balance Sheet Classification	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Operating Leases
Right of use assets	Right of use assets	$	16,696	$	11,774
Lease liability, short-term	Accrued liabilities	$	2,274	$	2,021
Lease liability, long-term	Other long-term liabilities	$	14,882	$	10,201

Contractual Obligation, Fiscal Year Maturity

Total undiscounted future lease payments are as follows:

	(in thousands)
2024	$	2,415
2025	3,100
2026	3,046
2027	3,136
2028	3,130
Thereafter	6,403

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Accounts Receivable (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Receivables [Abstract]

Accounts Receivable

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(in thousands)
Accounts receivable	$	110,097	$	138,431
Less:  Allowance for credit losses	(435)		(323)
Total, net	$	109,662	$	138,108

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
Allowance for credit losses:	(in thousands)
Balance, beginning of period	$	323	$	477
Provisions for (recoveries of) expected credit	112		(56)
losses, net of adjustments
Balance, end of period	$	435	$	421

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Inventories (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Inventories

The components of inventories and related changes in the allowance for excess and obsolete inventories account are as follows:

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(in thousands)
Raw materials	$	192,446	$	211,259
Work in process	7,497		5,523
Finished goods	3,050		2,910
Total, gross	202,993		219,692
Less:  Allowance for excess and obsolete inventories	(6,741)		(6,160)
Total, net	$	196,252	$	213,532

Inventories (Allowance)

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
Allowance for excess and obsolete inventories:	(in thousands)
Balance, beginning of period	$	6,160	$	4,527
Provision for (recoveries of) excess and	960		664
obsolete inventories
Inventories written off	(379)		(443)
Balance, end of period	$	6,741	$	4,748

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Intangible Assets (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Intangible Assets

Amortization is computed using the straight-line method over the following estimated useful lives:

Intellectual property	6 - 30 years
Customer relationships	14 years

Software Development Costs

We capitalize costs incurred to purchase or develop software for internal use. Internal-use software development costs are capitalized during the application development stage. These capitalized costs are reflected in intangible assets, net on the consolidated balance sheets and are amortized over the estimated useful life of the software. The useful life of our internal-use software development costs is generally 1-6 years.

Our intangible assets consist of the following:

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Definite-lived intangible assets	(in thousands)
Intellectual property	$	12,450	$	12,450
Customer relationships	47,547		47,547
Capitalized internal-use software	7,640		3,323
Less:  Accumulated amortization	(11,544)		(9,838)
Total, net	56,093		53,482
Indefinite-lived intangible assets
Trademarks	14,571		14,571
Total intangible assets, net	$	70,664	$	68,053

Schedule of Amortization Expense

Amortization expense recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses is as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
	(in thousands)
Amortization expense	$	1,706	$	902

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Supplemental Cash Flow Information (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Supplemental Cash Flow Elements [Abstract]

Supplemental Cash Flow Information

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
Supplemental disclosures:	(in thousands)
Interest paid	$	395	$	1,121
Income taxes paid	$	311	$	172
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Non-cash capital expenditures	$	(2,078)	$	366
Contingent shares issued (Note 15)	$	6,364

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Warranties (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Guarantees [Abstract]

Warranty

Changes in the warranty accrual are as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
Warranty accrual:	(in thousands)
Balance, beginning of period	$	20,573	$	15,682
Payments made	(2,622)		(1,881)
Warranty expense	3,398		2,408
Balance, end of period	$	21,349	$	16,209

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Accrued Liabilities and Other Long-Term Liabilities (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Payables and Accruals [Abstract]

Accrued Liabilities

Accrued liabilities were comprised of the following:

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(in thousands)
Warranty	$	21,349	$	20,573
Due to representatives	17,608		14,428
Payroll	12,532		18,829
Profit sharing	4,600		7,596
Workers' compensation	446		338
Medical self-insurance	2,014		1,460
Customer prepayments	5,856		2,621
Donations, short-term	381		381
Accrued income taxes	9,391		1,170
Employee vacation time	10,670		10,315
Extended warranties, short-term	2,614		2,387
Lease liability, short-term	2,274		2,021
Property taxes	1,164		—
Other	2,299		3,389
Total	$	93,198	$	85,508

Schedule of Other Long-Term Liabilities

Other long-term liabilities were comprised of the following:

 

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(in thousands)
Lease liability	$	14,882	$	10,201
Extended warranties	6,553		6,082
Donations and other	491		524
Total	$	21,926	$	16,807

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Income Taxes (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit)

The provision (benefit) for income taxes consists of the following:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
	(in thousands)
Current	$	8,532	$	5,435
Deferred	(740)		921
Income tax provision	$	7,792	$	6,356

Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation

The reconciliation of the Federal statutory income tax rate to the effective income tax rate is as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
Federal statutory rate	21.0	%	21.0	%
State income taxes, net of Federal benefit	5.3		4.0
Excess tax benefits related to share-based compensation (Note 12)	(9.4)		(8.8)
Return to provision	(0.2)		(0.3)
Non-deductible executive compensation	1.0		—
Research and development credits	(1.4)		(1.5)
Other	0.3		0.3
Effective tax rate	16.6	%	14.7	%

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Share-Based Compensation (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Summary of Stock Option Assumptions

The following weighted average assumptions were used to determine the fair value of the stock options granted on the original grant date for expense recognition purposes for options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 using a Black Scholes-Merton Model:

	Three months ended
	March 31, 2024	March 31, 2023
Directors and SLT1:
Expected (annual) dividend rate	$0.32	$0.32
Expected volatility	38.00%	37.89%
Risk-free interest rate	4.13%	4.40%
Expected life (in years)	4.0	4.0
Employees:
Expected (annual) dividend rate	$0.32	$0.32
Expected volatility	33.47%	39.55%
Risk-free interest rate	4.26%	4.48%
Expected life (in years)	3.0	3.0
1 SLT consists of officers and key members of management.

The following weighted average assumptions were used to determine the fair value of the PSUs granted on the original grant date for expense recognition purposes for PSUs granted during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 using a Monte Carlo Model:

	Three months ended
	March 31, 2024	March 31, 2023
Expected (annual) dividend rate	$0.32	$0.32
Expected volatility	33.99%	32.71%
Risk-free interest rate	4.31%	4.66%
Expected life (in years)	2.8	2.8

Summary of Stock Options Outstanding

The following is a summary of stock options vested and exercisable as of March 31, 2024:

 

Range of Exercise Prices					Number of Shares	Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)	Weighted Average Exercise Price		Intrinsic Value (in thousands)
$	13.95	-	$	27.58	1,542,537	4.14	$	24.98	$	97,351
$	28.28	-	$	37.07	672,291	6.51	31.57		38,038
$	37.09	-	$	85.52	363,230	7.43	50.92		13,505
			Total		2,578,058	5.22	$	30.36	$	148,894

Summary of Stock Option Activity

A summary of stock option activity under the plans is as follows:

Stock Options	Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price
Outstanding at December 31, 2023	3,619,585	$	33.09
Granted	387,169	79.49
Exercised	(293,760)	33.51
Forfeited or Expired	(7,502)	50.27
Outstanding at March 31, 2024	3,705,492	$	37.84
Exercisable at March 31, 2024	2,578,058	$	30.36

Summary of Unvested Restricted Stock Awards

A summary of the unvested restricted stock awards is as follows:

	Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested at December 31, 2023	187,084	$	44.07
Granted	53,479	78.38
Vested	(71,757)	38.63
Forfeited	(1,230)	48.79
Unvested at March 31, 2024	167,576	$	57.28

Schedule of Nonvested Key Employee Award Activity

A summary of the unvested Key Employee Awards is as follows:

	Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested at December 31, 2023	39,899	$	53.45
Granted	—	—
Vested	(39,899)	53.45
Forfeited	—	—
Unvested at March 31, 2024	—	$	—

Schedule of Nonvested Performance-based Units Activity

A summary of the unvested PSUs is as follows:

	Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested at December 31, 2023	152,112	$	54.88
Granted	46,699	106.24
Additional target payout1	2,059	58.53
Vested	(21,919)	58.53
Forfeited	(2,362)	58.53
Unvested at March 31, 20242	176,589	$	68.01
1 The additional number of PSUs earned based on a 110% achievement at December 31, 2023 for awards vesting in 2024.
2 Consists of 71,760 PSUs cliff vesting December 31, 2024, 58,130 PSUs cliff vesting December 31, 2025, and 46,699 PSUs cliff vesting December 31, 2026.

Summary of Share-Based Compensation Expense

A summary of share-based compensation is as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
Grant date fair value of awards during the period:	(in thousands)
Options	$	8,708	$	4,673
PSUs	4,961		3,241
Restricted stock	4,192		2,906
Total	$	17,861	$	10,820
Share-based compensation expense:
Options	$	2,207	$	2,065
PSUs	624		367
Restricted stock	1,126		826
Key Employee Awards	—		261
Total	$	3,957	$	3,519
Income tax benefit related to share-based compensation:
Options	$	3,147	$	3,321
PSUs	169		—
Restricted stock	808		465
Key Employee Awards	282		—
Total	$	4,406	$	3,786

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Employee Benefits (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Retirement Benefits [Abstract]

Schedule of Contributions Made to Defined Contribution Plan

The Company matches 175% up to 6% of employee contributions of eligible compensation. Additionally, Plan participant forfeitures are used to reduce the cost of the Company contributions.

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
	(in thousands)
Contributions, net of forfeitures, made to the defined contribution plan	$	5,710	$	5,259

Schedule of Profit Sharing Bonus Plan

We maintain a discretionary profit sharing bonus plan under which approximately 8.5% of pre-tax profit (10% prior to January 1, 2024) from the Company is paid to eligible employees on a quarterly basis in order to reward employee productivity. Eligible employees are regular full-time non-exempt employees of the Company who are actively employed and working on the first and last day of the calendar quarter. BASX employees are eligible to participate in the discretionary profit sharing bonus plan on January 1, 2024.

Prior to January 1, 2024, BASX had a separate employee incentive program (EIP) under which 5% of BASX's pre-tax profit, plus certain add backs, is paid ratably to eligible employees based on days-of-pay during the fiscal year. Eligible employees are regular full-time and part-time employees who have worked during the year and are still employed when the EIP payment is made following the end of the fiscal year, excluding members of BASX's senior leadership team and any employee paid commissions or royalties. This incentive program ended December 31, 2023.

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
	(in thousands)
Profit sharing bonus plan and employee incentive plan expense	$	4,600	$	4,866

Schedule of Employee Medical Plan

e self-insure for our employees' health insurance, and make medical claim payments up to certain stop-loss amounts. We estimate our self-insurance liabilities using an analysis provided by our claims administrator and our historical claims experience. Eligible employees are regular full-time employees who are actively employed and working. Participants are expected to pay a portion of the premium costs for coverage of the benefits provided under the Plans. In addition, the Company matches 175% of a participating employee's allowed contributions to a qualified health saving account to assist employees with health insurance plan deductibles. BASX employees joined the Company's medical plan and benefits on January 1, 2024.

BASX was insured for healthcare coverage through a third party through December 31, 2023. Eligible employees are regular full-time employees who are actively employed and working. Participants are expected to pay a portion of the premium costs for coverage of the benefits provided under the Plans. In addition, the Company contributes certain amounts for BASX's employees enrolled in a high deductible plan to a qualified health savings account to assist employees with health insurance plan deductibles. This healthcare coverage ended December 31, 2023.

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
	(in thousands)
Medical premium payments	$	3,371	$	2,668
Health saving account contributions	2,166		1,060

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Earnings Per Share (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Earnings Per Share

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
Numerator:	(in thousands, except share and per share data)
Net income	$	39,016	$	36,814
Denominator:
Basic weighted average shares3	81,661,972		80,460,897
Effect of dilutive shares related to stock based compensation1,3	2,193,000		1,972,145
Effect of dilutive shares related to contingent consideration2 ,3	189,698		427,916
Diluted weighted average shares3	84,044,670		82,860,958
Earnings per share:
Basic3	$	0.48	$	0.46
Dilutive3	$	0.46	$	0.44
Anti-dilutive shares:
Shares3	112,717		180,442
1 Dilutive shares related to stock options, restricted stock, PSUs and Key Employee Awards (Note 12)
2 Dilutive shares related to contingent shares issued to the former owners of BASX (Note 15)
3 Reflects three-for-two stock split effective August 16, 2023.

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Stockholders' Equity (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]

Schedule of Market Repurchase

Our open market repurchase programs are as follows:

Effective Date	Authorized Repurchase $	Expiration Date
November 3, 2022	$50 million	February 27, 2024
February 27, 2024	$50 million	** 1, 2
1 Expiration Date is at Board's discretion. The Company is authorized to effectuate repurchases of the Company's common stock on terms and conditions approved in advance by the Board.
2 As of March 31, 2024, there is approximately $50.0 million remaining under the current stock repurchase program. The remaining amount available is subject to a Board authorized 10b5-1 plan requiring certain market conditions and requirements.

Schedule of Share Repurchases

Our repurchase activity is as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2024			March 31, 2023
	(in thousands, except share and per share data)
Program	Shares1	Total $	$ per share1	Shares1	Total $	$ per share1
Employees	36,860	3,041	82.50	17,509	1,030	58.83
1 Reflects three-for-two stock split effective August 16, 2023.

Our repurchase activity since Company inception, including our current authorized stock repurchase programs, are as follows:

	Inception to			March 31, 2024
	(in thousands, except share and per share data)
Program	Shares1	Total $			$ per share1
Open market	6,893,924	$	106,625		$	15.47
401(k)	12,462,552	171,789			13.78
Directors and employees	3,126,197	27,703			8.86
Total	22,482,673	$	306,117		$	13.62
1 Reflects three-for-two stock split effective August 16, 2023.

Schedule of Dividends Payable

Our recent cash dividends are as follows:

Declaration Date	Record Date	Payment Date	Dividend per Share1	Annualized Dividend per Share1
March 1, 2023	March 13, 2023	March 31, 2023	$0.08	$0.32
May 18, 2023	June 9, 2023	June 30, 2023	$0.08	$0.32
August 18, 2023	September 8, 2023	September 29, 2023	$0.08	$0.32
November 10, 2023	November 29, 2023	December 18, 2023	$0.08	$0.32
March 5, 2024	March 18, 2024	March 29, 2024	$0.08	$0.32
1 Reflects three-for-two stock split effective August 16, 2023.

Earnings Per Share

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
Numerator:	(in thousands, except share and per share data)
Net income	$	39,016	$	36,814
Denominator:
Basic weighted average shares3	81,661,972		80,460,897
Effect of dilutive shares related to stock based compensation1,3	2,193,000		1,972,145
Effect of dilutive shares related to contingent consideration2 ,3	189,698		427,916
Diluted weighted average shares3	84,044,670		82,860,958
Earnings per share:
Basic3	$	0.48	$	0.46
Dilutive3	$	0.46	$	0.44
Anti-dilutive shares:
Shares3	112,717		180,442
1 Dilutive shares related to stock options, restricted stock, PSUs and Key Employee Awards (Note 12)
2 Dilutive shares related to contingent shares issued to the former owners of BASX (Note 15)
3 Reflects three-for-two stock split effective August 16, 2023.

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Related Parties (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Related Party Transactions [Abstract]

Schedule of Related Party Transactions

The following is a summary of transactions and balances with related parties:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
	(in thousands)
Sales to affiliates	$	2,196	$	1,145
Payments to affiliates	615		392
	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(in thousands)
Due from affiliates	$	792	$	994
Due to affiliates	119		145

The nature of our related party transactions is as follows:

•The Company sells units to an entity owned by a member of the CEO's immediate family. This entity is also one of the Company’s Representatives and as such, the Company makes payments to the entity for third party products.

•The Company purchases some supplies from entities controlled by two of the Company’s board members and a member of the Company's executive management team.

•The Company periodically makes part sales and makes payments to a board member related to a consulting agreement.

•The Company periodically rents space partially owned by the CEO for various Company meetings.

•The Company leases flight time of an aircraft partially owned by our COO and Vice President.

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Segments (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Schedule of Segment Reporting Information, by Segment

The following table summarizes certain financial data related to our segments. Transactions between segments are recorded based on prices negotiated between the segments. The Gross Profit amounts shown below are presented after elimination entries.

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
Net Sales
AAON Oklahoma
External sales	$	210,140	$	202,002
Inter-segment sales	1,671		1,494
AAON Coil Products
External sales	24,247		33,412
Inter-segment sales	9,331		7,317
BASX
External sales	27,712		30,539
Inter-segment sales	2		370
Eliminations	(11,004)		(9,181)
Net sales	$	262,099	$	265,953
Gross Profit
AAON Oklahoma	$	78,411	$	61,850
AAON Coil Products	8,140		7,158
BASX	5,691		8,146
Gross profit	$	92,242	$	77,154

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Long-lived assets	(in thousands)
AAON Oklahoma	$	255,176	$	248,556
AAON Coil Products	89,701		83,169
BASX	62,383		49,996
Total long-lived assets	$	407,260	$	381,721
Intangible assets and goodwill
AAON Oklahoma	$	13,795	$	10,282
AAON Coil Products	—		—
BASX	138,761		139,663
Total intangible assets and goodwill	$	152,556	$	149,945

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General (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($) numberOfVIE	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Number of variable interest entities with directed activities | numberOfVIE	8
Percent on overall increase in wages	3.30%	3.90%
Provision for excess and obsolete inventories, net of write-offs	$ 581	$ 221
Intangible assets, net	70,664		$ 68,053
Amortization expense	1,706	902
Goodwill	81,892		$ 81,892
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Provision for excess and obsolete inventories, net of write-offs	$ 581	$ 221
Intellectual property | Maximum
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Useful life	30 years
Intellectual property | Minimum
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Useful life	6 years
Customer relationships
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Useful life	14 years
Internal Use Software [Member] | Maximum
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Useful life	6 years
Internal Use Software [Member] | Minimum
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Useful life	1 year

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General - Goodwill (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Balance, beginning of period	$ 81,892	$ 81,892
Additions (decreases) during the period	0	0
Balance, end of period	$ 81,892	$ 81,892

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Revenue Recognition - Disaggregated Net Sales (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	$ 262,099	$ 265,953
AAON Oklahoma
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	210,140	202,002
AAON Coil Products
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	24,247	33,412
BasX
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	27,712	30,539
Rooftop units
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	191,265	180,026
Rooftop units | AAON Oklahoma
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	191,265	180,026
Rooftop units | AAON Coil Products
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	0	0
Rooftop units | BasX
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	0	0
Condensing units
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	10,909	15,278
Condensing units | AAON Oklahoma
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	0	0
Condensing units | AAON Coil Products
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	10,909	15,278
Condensing units | BasX
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	0	0
Air handlers
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	11,734	15,259
Air handlers | AAON Oklahoma
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	0	0
Air handlers | AAON Coil Products
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	9,547	12,221
Air handlers | BasX
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	2,187	3,038
Outdoor mechanical rooms
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	0	359
Outdoor mechanical rooms | AAON Oklahoma
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	0	208
Outdoor mechanical rooms | AAON Coil Products
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	0	151
Outdoor mechanical rooms | BasX
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	0	0
Cleanroom systems
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	7,313	12,622
Cleanroom systems | AAON Oklahoma
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	0	0
Cleanroom systems | AAON Coil Products
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	0	0
Cleanroom systems | BasX
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	7,313	12,622
Data center cooling solutions
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	17,879	15,922
Data center cooling solutions | AAON Oklahoma
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	0	0
Data center cooling solutions | AAON Coil Products
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	206	1,446
Data center cooling solutions | BasX
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	17,673	14,476
Water-source heat pumps
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	1,581	5,810
Water-source heat pumps | AAON Oklahoma
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	0	2,730
Water-source heat pumps | AAON Coil Products
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	1,581	3,080
Water-source heat pumps | BasX
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	0	0
Part sales
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	15,601	14,153
Part sales | AAON Oklahoma
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	15,317	13,904
Part sales | AAON Coil Products
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	6	1
Part sales | BasX
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	278	248
Other
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	5,817	6,524
Other | AAON Oklahoma
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	3,558	5,134
Other | AAON Coil Products
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	1,998	1,235
Other | BasX
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	$ 261	$ 155

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Revenue Recognition - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Payments to representatives	$ 10.8	$ 13.3

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Leases (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Leases [Abstract]
Right of use assets	$ 16,696	$ 11,774
Lease liability, short-term	2,274	2,021
Lease liability, long-term	$ 14,882	$ 10,201

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Leases - Additional Information (Details) - squareFoot	Mar. 31, 2024	Jan. 31, 2024	Jul. 28, 2023	Nov. 30, 2022	Oct. 31, 2022
MISSOURI
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Number of square feet					86,000
OKLAHOMA
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Number of square feet				198,000
OREGON
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Number of square feet	104,500		72,000
Lease term			5 years
Industrial Property | OKLAHOMA
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Number of square feet		157,550

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Leases - Maturity Schedule (Details) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Payment, Due [Abstract]
2024	$ 2,415
2025	3,100
2026	3,046
2027	3,136
2028	3,130
Thereafter	$ 6,403

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Accounts Receivable - Receivables (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Receivables [Abstract]
Accounts receivable	$ 110,097	$ 138,431
Less:  Allowance for credit losses	(435)	(323)
Total, net	$ 109,662	$ 138,108

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Accounts Receivable - Allowance (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Balance, beginning of period	$ 323	$ 477
Provisions for (recoveries of) for expected credit losses, net of adjustments	112	(56)
Balance, end of period	$ 435	$ 421

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Inventories - Components (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Raw materials	$ 192,446	$ 211,259
Work in process	7,497	5,523
Finished goods	3,050	2,910
Total, gross	202,993	219,692
Less: Allowance for excess and obsolete inventories	(6,741)	(6,160)	$ (4,748)	$ (4,527)
Total, net	$ 196,252	$ 213,532

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Inventories - Allowance (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Inventory Valuation Reserves [Roll Forward]
Balance, beginning of period	$ 6,160	$ 4,527
Provision (recovery of) for excess and obsolete inventories	960	664
Inventories written off	(379)	(443)
Balance, end of period	$ 6,741	$ 4,748

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Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Definite-lived intangible assets	$ 51,255
Less:  Accumulated amortization	(11,544)		$ (9,838)
Total, net	56,093		53,482
Indefinite-lived intangible assets	14,571		14,571
Total intangible assets, net	70,664		68,053
Amortization expense	1,706	$ 902
2024	3,662
2025	4,656
2026	4,656
2027	4,656
2028	4,552
Thereafter	29,073
Total future amortization expense	51,255
Internal-use software projects in process	4,838
Intellectual property
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Definite-lived intangible assets	12,450		12,450
Total future amortization expense	12,450		12,450
Customer relationships
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Definite-lived intangible assets	47,547		47,547
Total future amortization expense	47,547		47,547
Capitalized internal-use software
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Definite-lived intangible assets	7,640		3,323
Total future amortization expense	$ 7,640		$ 3,323

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Supplemental Cash Flow Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Supplemental disclosure:
Interest paid	$ 395	$ 1,121
Income taxes paid	311	172
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Non-cash capital expenditures	$ (2,078)	$ 366

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Warranties - Additional Information (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024
Product Information [Line Items]
Product warranty accrual, minimum length	1 year
Product warranty accrual, maximum length	25 years
Parts
Product Information [Line Items]
Product warranty accrual, minimum length	18 months

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Warranties - Change in Accruals (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Movement in Standard Product Warranty Accrual [Roll Forward]
Balance, beginning of period	$ 20,573	$ 15,682
Payments made	(2,622)	(1,881)
Provisions	3,398	2,408
Balance, end of period	$ 21,349	$ 16,209

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Accrued Liabilities and Other Long-Term Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Accrued Liabilities
Warranty	$ 21,349	$ 20,573
Due to representatives	17,608	14,428
Payroll	12,532	18,829
Profit sharing	4,600	7,596
Workers' compensation	446	338
Medical self-insurance	2,014	1,460
Customer prepayments	5,856	2,621
Donations, short-term	381	381
Accrued income taxes	9,391	1,170
Employee vacation time	10,670	10,315
Lease liability, short-term	2,274	2,021
Property taxes	1,164	0
Extended warranties, short-term	2,614	2,387
Other	2,299	3,389
Accrued liabilities	93,198	85,508
Other Long-Term Liabilities
Lease liability	14,882	10,201
Extended warranties	6,553	6,082
Donations and other	491	524
Total	$ 21,926	$ 16,807

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Revolving Credit Facility (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($) letterOfCredit	Mar. 31, 2023	Feb. 27, 2024 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Apr. 25, 2023 USD ($)	May 27, 2022 USD ($)	Nov. 24, 2021 USD ($)	Oct. 24, 2019 USD ($)
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Revolving credit facility, long-term	$ 0			$ 38,328,000
Number of standby letters of credit | letterOfCredit	2
Ratio of total liability to net worth	0.01
Maximum ratio of total liability to net worth for compliance	3
Revolving Credit Facility
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Credit facility maximum borrowings			$ 15,500,000		$ 23,000,000		$ 100,000,000	$ 23,000,000
Option to increase maximum borrowing capacity						$ 200,000,000
Standby letter of credit	$ 2,300,000
Borrowings available under the revolving credit facility	$ 197,700,000
Debt, weighted average interest rate,	6.60%	6.00%
Revolving Credit Facility | Base Rate
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Stated percentage	0.50%
Revolving Credit Facility | SOFR
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Stated percentage	1.00%
Revolving Credit Facility | Minimum
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Applicable margin	1.25%
Commitment fee percentage	0.10%
Revolving Credit Facility | Maximum
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Applicable margin	1.75%
Commitment fee percentage	0.20%
Letter of Credit | Minimum
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Commitment fee percentage	1.25%
Letter of Credit | Maximum
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Commitment fee percentage	1.75%

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Income Taxes - Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Current	$ 8,532	$ 5,435
Deferred	(740)	921
Income tax provision	$ 7,792	$ 6,356

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Income Taxes - Reconciliation of Federal Statutory Income Tax Rate (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Federal statutory rate	21.00%	21.00%
State income taxes, net of Federal benefit	5.30%	4.00%
Excess tax benefits related to share-based compensation (Note 12)	(9.40%)	(8.80%)
Return to provision	(0.20%)	(0.30%)
Research and development credits	(1.40%)	(1.50%)
Non-deductible executive compensation	1.00%	0.00%
Other	0.30%	0.30%
Effective tax rate	16.60%	14.70%

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Income Taxes - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Tax Credit Carryforward [Line Items]
Share-based payment arrangement, expense, tax benefit	$ 4,406	$ 3,786
Income tax provision, increase (decrease), stock option exercises	$ 500
Expected effective income tax rate for the year	25.60%
Income tax benefit	$ (7,792)	$ (6,356)
Investment Tax Credit Carryforward
Tax Credit Carryforward [Line Items]
Tax credit carryforward	$ 2,300

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Share-Based Compensation - Additional Information (Details) $ in Thousands				3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Aug. 16, 2023	May 24, 2016 shares	May 22, 2007 shares	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023	May 12, 2020 shares	May 15, 2018 shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock split, conversion ratio	1.5
Stock authorized to be issued under plan (in shares) | shares		13,400,000
Total intrinsic value of options exercised during period				$ 14,200	$ 16,700
Cash received from options exercised during period				$ 9,844	$ 15,856
Award requisite service period				1 year
2007 Long-Term Incentive Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock authorized to be issued under plan (in shares) | shares		600,000	5,000,000
Exercise price of shares granted may not be less than fair market value (percentage)			100.00%
2016 Long-Term Incentive Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock authorized to be issued under plan (in shares) | shares		5,100,000					3,800,000	3,900,000
Exercise price of shares granted may not be less than fair market value (percentage)		100.00%
Performance Award
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Unrecognized pre-tax compensation cost				$ 8,500
Weighted average recognition period (in years)				2 years
Performance Award | 2016 Long-Term Incentive Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period				3 years
Performance Award | Minimum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award, percent of conversion in common stock				0.00%
Performance Award | Maximum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award, percent of conversion in common stock				200.00%
Equity Option
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Unrecognized pre-tax compensation cost				$ 14,700
Weighted average recognition period (in years)				2 years 3 months 18 days
Restricted Stock | 2007 Long-Term Incentive Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Unrecognized pre-tax compensation cost				$ 7,600
Weighted average recognition period (in years)				2 years 1 month 6 days
Employees
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting rights, percentage				33.30%		20.00%

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Share-Based Compensation - Summary of Assumptions (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Performance Award
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected (annual) dividend rate	$ 0.32	$ 0.32
Expected volatility	33.99%	32.71%
Risk-free interest rate	4.31%	4.66%
Expected life		2 years 9 months 18 days
Directors and Senior Leadership Team
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected (annual) dividend rate	$ 0.32	$ 0.32
Expected volatility	38.00%	37.89%
Risk-free interest rate	4.13%	4.40%
Expected life	4 years	4 years
Employees
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected (annual) dividend rate	$ 0.32	$ 0.32
Expected volatility	33.47%	39.55%
Risk-free interest rate	4.26%	4.48%
Expected life	3 years	3 years

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Share-Based Compensation - Summary of Stock Options Outstanding (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($) $ / shares shares
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Number of shares vested and exercisable (in shares) | shares	2,578,058
Options vested and exercisable weighted average remaining contractual life	5 years 2 months 19 days
Options vested and exercisable weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 30.36
Options vested and exercisable intrinsic value | $	$ 148,894
$8.17 - $41.37
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of exercise prices, lower range (in dollars per share)	$ 13.95
Range of exercise prices, upper range (in dollars per share)	$ 27.58
Number of shares vested and exercisable (in shares) | shares	1,542,537
Options vested and exercisable weighted average remaining contractual life	4 years 1 month 20 days
Options vested and exercisable weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 24.98
Options vested and exercisable intrinsic value | $	$ 97,351
$42.42 - $65.24
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of exercise prices, lower range (in dollars per share)	$ 28.28
Range of exercise prices, upper range (in dollars per share)	$ 37.07
Number of shares vested and exercisable (in shares) | shares	672,291
Options vested and exercisable weighted average remaining contractual life	6 years 6 months 3 days
Options vested and exercisable weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 31.57
Options vested and exercisable intrinsic value | $	$ 38,038
$65.29 - $79.81
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of exercise prices, lower range (in dollars per share)	$ 37.09
Range of exercise prices, upper range (in dollars per share)	$ 85.52
Number of shares vested and exercisable (in shares) | shares	363,230
Options vested and exercisable weighted average remaining contractual life	7 years 5 months 4 days
Options vested and exercisable weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 50.92
Options vested and exercisable intrinsic value | $	$ 13,505

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Share-Based Compensation - Summary of Stock Option Activity (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 $ / shares shares
Shares [Roll Forward]
Outstanding, beginning of period (in shares) | shares	3,619,585
Granted (in shares) | shares	387,169
Exercised (in shares) | shares	(293,760)
Forfeited or Expired (in shares) | shares	(7,502)
Outstanding, end of period (in shares) | shares	3,705,492
Exercisable, end of period (in shares) | shares	2,578,058
Weighted Average Exercise Price [Roll Forward]
Outstanding, beginning of period (weighted average exercise price) | $ / shares	$ 33.09
Granted (weighted average exercise price) | $ / shares	79.49
Exercised (weighted average exercise price) | $ / shares	33.51
Forfeited or Expired (weighted average exercise price) | $ / shares	50.27
Outstanding, end of period (weighted average exercise price) | $ / shares	37.84
Exercisable, end of period (weighted average exercise price) | $ / shares	$ 30.36

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Share-Based Compensation - Summary of Unvested Awards (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 $ / shares shares
Restricted Stock
Shares [Roll Forward]
Unvested, beginning of period (in shares)	187,084
Granted (in shares)	53,479
Vested (in shares)	(71,757)
Forfeited (in shares)	(1,230)
Unvested, end of period (in shares)	167,576
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value [Roll Forward]
Unvested, beginning of period (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 44.07
Granted (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	78.38
Vested (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	38.63
Forfeited (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	48.79
Unvested, end of period (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 57.28
Performance Award
Shares [Roll Forward]
Unvested, beginning of period (in shares)	152,112
Granted (in shares)	46,699
Additional target payout (in shares)	2,059
Vested (in shares)	(21,919)
Forfeited (in shares)	(2,362)
Unvested, end of period (in shares)	176,589
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value [Roll Forward]
Unvested, beginning of period (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 54.88
Granted (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	106.24
Additional target payout (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	58.53
Vested (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	58.53
Forfeited (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	58.53
Unvested, end of period (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 68.01
Performance Award | Cliff Vesting December 31, 2023
Shares [Roll Forward]
Vested (in shares)	(71,760)
Performance Award | Cliff Vesting December 31, 2024
Shares [Roll Forward]
Vested (in shares)	(58,130)
Performance Award | Cliff Vesting December 31, 2025
Shares [Roll Forward]
Vested (in shares)	(46,699)
Key Employee Awards
Shares [Roll Forward]
Unvested, beginning of period (in shares)	39,899
Granted (in shares)	0
Vested (in shares)	(39,899)
Forfeited (in shares)	0
Unvested, end of period (in shares)	0
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value [Roll Forward]
Unvested, beginning of period (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 53.45
Granted (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	0
Vested (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	53.45
Forfeited (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	0
Unvested, end of period (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 0

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Share-Based Compensation - Summary of Unvested Restricted Stock Awards (Details) - Restricted Stock	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 $ / shares shares
Shares [Roll Forward]
Unvested, beginning of period (in shares) | shares	187,084
Granted (in shares) | shares	53,479
Vested (in shares) | shares	(71,757)
Forfeited (in shares) | shares	(1,230)
Unvested, end of period (in shares) | shares	167,576
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value [Roll Forward]
Unvested, beginning of period (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 44.07
Granted (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	78.38
Vested (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	38.63
Forfeited (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	48.79
Unvested, end of period (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 57.28

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Share-Based Compensation - Summary of Grant Date Fair Value of Awards (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Grant date fair value of awards during the period:
Options	$ 8,708	$ 4,673
Performance Awards	4,961	3,241
Restricted stock	4,192	2,906
Total	17,861	10,820
Share-based compensation expense:
Options	2,207	2,065
PSUs	624	367
Restricted stock	1,126	826
Key Employee Awards	0	261
Total	3,957	3,519
Income tax benefit related to share-based compensation:
Options	3,147	3,321
Employee Service Share Based Compensation Tax Benefit From Compensation Expense, Performance Awards	169	0
Restricted stock	808	465
Employee Service Share Based Compensation Tax Benefit From Compensation Expense, Key Employee Awards	282	0
Total	$ 4,406	$ 3,786

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Employee Benefits (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined contribution employee automatic contribution, percent	6.00%
Administrative expense	$ 0	$ 0
Contributions, net of forfeitures, made to the defined contribution plan	$ 5,710,000	5,259,000
Profit sharing, percent of pre-tax profit paid to eligible employees on quarterly basis	8.50%
Profit sharing bonus plan and employee incentive plan expense	$ 4,600,000	4,866,000
Medical premium payments	3,371,000	2,668,000
Health saving account contributions	$ 2,166,000	$ 1,060,000
BasX
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Profit sharing, percent of pre-tax profit paid to eligible employees on quarterly basis	5.00%
Effective January 1, 2016
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Percent of match	175.00%
Defined contribution employer, maximum match percent	6.00%

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Earnings Per Share (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands			3 Months Ended
		Aug. 16, 2023	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($) $ / shares shares		Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($) $ / shares shares
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Net income | $			$ 39,016	[1]	$ 36,814
Basic weighted average shares (in shares)	[2]		81,661,972		80,460,897
Effect of dilutive stock options and restricted stock (in shares)			2,193,000		1,972,145
Effect of dilutive shares related to contingent consideration (in shares)			189,698		427,916
Diluted weighted average shares (in shares)	[2]		84,044,670		82,860,958
Basic (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	[2]		$ 0.48		$ 0.46
Diluted (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	[2]		$ 0.46		$ 0.44
Anti-dilutive shares (in shares)			112,717		180,442
Stock split, conversion ratio		1.5

[1] 1 Reflects three-for-two stock split effective August 16, 2023

[2] 1 Reflects three-for-two stock split effective August 16, 2023.

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Stockholders' Equity (Details)									3 Months Ended		121 Months Ended	164 Months Ended	180 Months Ended
		Mar. 05, 2024 $ / shares	Nov. 10, 2023 $ / shares	Aug. 18, 2023 $ / shares	Aug. 16, 2023 USD ($) shares	May 18, 2023 $ / shares	Mar. 01, 2023 $ / shares	Dec. 10, 2021 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Jun. 30, 2020 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Jun. 30, 2020 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Jun. 30, 2020 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Nov. 03, 2022 USD ($)	Mar. 13, 2020 USD ($)
Schedule of Shareholders' Equity [Line Items]
Stock repurchase program, authorized amount															$ 50	$ 50,000,000
Stock repurchased during period (in shares) | shares													22,482,673
Aggregate price of shares repurchased since inception												$ 306,117,000
Average price of shares repurchased since inception (per share) | $ / shares													$ 13.62
Cash dividends declared per common share (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	[1]								$ 0.08	$ 0.08
Annualized dividends paid per common share (in dollars per share) | $ / shares		$ 0.32	$ 0.32	$ 0.32		$ 0.32	$ 0.32
Stock split, conversion ratio					1.5
Stock split, additional shares issued (in shares) | shares					1
Stock split, original number of shares held (in shares) | shares					2
Cash paid in lieu of fractional shares					$ 500,000
Contingent shares issued (Note 15)									$ 6,364,000
Stock split, common stock value reclass									329,000					$ 326,000
Stock split, retained earnings reclass									$ 645,295,000					$ 612,835,000
Common Stock
Schedule of Shareholders' Equity [Line Items]
Contingent shares issued (in shares) | shares									243,000
Contingent shares issued (Note 15)									$ 1,000
BasX, LLC
Schedule of Shareholders' Equity [Line Items]
Contingent Consideration								$ 78,000,000
Equity interest issued (in shares) | shares								1,560,000
Contingent shares issued (in shares) | shares										580,000
Contingent shares issued (Note 15)									$ 6,400,000
Equity interests issuable (in dollars per share) | $ / shares								$ 0.004
BasX, LLC | Common Stock
Schedule of Shareholders' Equity [Line Items]
Contingent shares issued (in shares) | shares									240,000
Dividend Declared
Schedule of Shareholders' Equity [Line Items]
Cash dividends declared per common share (in dollars per share) | $ / shares		$ 0.08	$ 0.08	$ 0.08		$ 0.08	$ 0.08
Open market
Schedule of Shareholders' Equity [Line Items]
Stock repurchased during period (in shares) | shares											6,893,924
Aggregate price of shares repurchased since inception											$ 106,625,000
Average price of shares repurchased since inception (per share) | $ / shares											$ 15.47
401(k)
Schedule of Shareholders' Equity [Line Items]
Stock repurchased during period (in shares) | shares													12,462,552
Aggregate price of shares repurchased since inception													$ 171,789,000
Average price of shares repurchased since inception (per share) | $ / shares													$ 13.78
Employees
Schedule of Shareholders' Equity [Line Items]
Stock repurchased during period (in shares) | shares									36,860	17,509		3,126,197
Aggregate price of shares repurchased since inception									$ 3,041,000	$ 1,030,000		$ 27,703,000
Average price of shares repurchased since inception (per share) | $ / shares									$ 82.50	$ 58.83		$ 8.86

[1] 1 Reflects three-for-two stock split effective August 16, 2023.

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New Market Tax Credit (Details) - USD ($)	Feb. 27, 2024	Apr. 25, 2023	Oct. 24, 2019	Nov. 24, 2021
Subsidiary
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Due to subsidiary	$ 16,000,000	$ 23,800,000	$ 22,500,000
Investor
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Loans receivable	$ 11,000,000	$ 16,700,000	$ 15,900,000
Loans receivable, term	25 years	25 years	25 years
Loans receivable, interest rate	1.00%	1.00%	1.00%
Proceeds from financing obligation, net of issuance costs	$ 11,000,000	$ 16,700,000	$ 15,900,000
Interest from counterparty	3,800,000	5,700,000	6,500,000
Debt issuance costs	$ 400,000	$ 400,000	$ 300,000
Loans and Leases Receivable, Gross, Compliance Period	7 years	7 years	7 years
Revolving Credit Facility
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Credit facility maximum borrowings	$ 15,500,000	$ 23,000,000	$ 23,000,000	$ 100,000,000

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Commitments and Contingencies (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions			3 Months Ended
	Sep. 28, 2023	Jan. 24, 2022	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Damages sought		$ 48.6
Payments			$ 3.6	$ 2.4
Litigation Settlement, Amount Awarded to Other Party	$ 7.5
Contractual Obligation, to be Paid, Year One			8.3
Contractual Obligation, to be Paid, Year Two			9.1
Contractual Obligation, to be Paid, Year Three			10.5
Contractual Obligation, to be Paid, Year Four			$ 11.2

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Related Parties (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Net sales	$ 262,099	$ 265,953
Payments to affiliates	615	392
Due from affiliates	109,662		$ 138,108
Due to affiliates	15,438		27,484
Affiliate
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Net sales	2,196	$ 1,145
Due from affiliates	792		994
Due to affiliates	$ 119		$ 145

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Segments (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($) segment	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Number of reportable segments | segment	3
Net Sales	$ 262,099	$ 265,953
Gross Profit	92,242	77,154
Long-lived assets	407,260		$ 381,721
Goodwill	152,556		149,945
AAON Oklahoma
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net Sales	210,140	202,002
AAON Coil Products
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net Sales	24,247	33,412
BasX
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net Sales	27,712	30,539
Operating Segments | AAON Oklahoma
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Gross Profit	78,411	61,850
Long-lived assets	255,176		248,556
Goodwill	13,795		10,282
Operating Segments | AAON Coil Products
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Gross Profit	8,140	7,158
Long-lived assets	89,701		83,169
Goodwill	0		0
Operating Segments | BasX
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net Sales	27,712	30,539
Gross Profit	5,691	8,146
Long-lived assets	62,383		49,996
Goodwill	138,761		$ 139,663
Inter-segment | AAON Oklahoma
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net Sales	1,671	1,494
Inter-segment | AAON Coil Products
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net Sales	9,331	7,317
Inter-segment | BasX
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net Sales	2	370
Segment Reconciling Items | AAON Oklahoma
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net Sales	210,140	202,002
Segment Reconciling Items | AAON Coil Products
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net Sales	24,247	33,412
Consolidation, Eliminations
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net Sales	$ (11,004)	$ (9,181)