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Income Taxes
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2015
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
Income Taxes

Income tax expense for each of the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 was $6.9 million, or 34.1% of pre-tax income, and $7.1 million, or 36.3% of pre-tax income, respectively. Income tax expense for each of the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 was $18.8 million, or 36.4% of pre-tax income, and $17.6 million, or 34.3% of pre-tax income, respectively. The Company’s estimated annual 2015 effective tax rate is approximately 36.7%. This differs from the U.S. federal statutory rate of 35% due principally to items such as state and local income taxes, the federal domestic activities deduction and state income tax credits. The Company's income tax expense for the three months ended September 30, 2015 is lower than expected due to return to provision adjustments. The Company's income tax expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 was decreased by $0.7 million due to a change in method of accounting for state investment credits to recognize them as each annual portion of the credit becomes available for use on tax returns.
 
We file income tax returns in the U.S., state and foreign income tax returns jurisdictions. We are subject to U.S. examinations for tax years 2011 to present, and to non-U.S. income tax examinations for the tax years of 2010 to present. In addition, we are subject to state and local income tax examinations for the tax years 2010 to present. The Company continues to evaluate its need to file returns in various state jurisdictions. Any interest or penalties would be recognized as a component of income tax expense.