GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

The changes in goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows (in thousands):


	Environmental Services		Safety-Kleen Sustainability Solutions		Totals
Balance at January 1, 2021	$	401,918	$	125,105	$	527,023
Increase from current period acquisitions	683,463		16,349		699,812



Foreign currency translation	153		54		207
Balance at December 31, 2021	$	1,085,534	$	141,508	$	1,227,042
Increase from current period acquisitions	—		34,510		34,510
Measurement period adjustments from prior period acquisition	(6,762)		—		(6,762)
Decrease from disposition of business	(4,412)		—		(4,412)
Foreign currency translation	(2,514)		(986)		(3,500)
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	1,071,846	$	175,032	$	1,246,878

The Company regularly assesses goodwill for impairment when it is more likely than not that events or changes in the business environment ("triggering events") would reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying value. The Company did not identify any triggering events in the years presented.

Goodwill impairment is also tested annually. The Company conducted its annual impairment test of goodwill as of December 31, 2022 and determined that no adjustment to the carrying value of goodwill for any reporting unit was then necessary because the fair values of the reporting units exceeded their respective carrying values. The fair value of all reporting units was determined using an income approach based upon estimates of future discounted cash flows. The resulting estimates of fair value were validated through the consideration of other factors such as the fair value of comparable companies to the reporting units and a reconciliation of the sum of all estimated fair values of the reporting units to the Company’s overall market capitalization. In all cases, the estimated fair values of the reporting units significantly exceeded the respective carrying values.

Significant judgments and unobservable inputs, categorized as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy, are inherent in the impairment tests performed and include assumptions about the amount and timing of expected future cash flows, growth rates, and the determination of appropriate discount rates. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability in which there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability at the measurement date. The Company believes that the assumptions used in its impairment tests are reasonable, but variations in any of the assumptions may result in different measurements of fair values.

The impacts of any adverse business and market conditions which may impact the overall performance of the Company's reporting units will continue to be monitored. If the Company's reporting units do not achieve the financial performance that the Company expects, or if there is a significant prolonged change in demand for the Company's products and services, it is possible that goodwill impairment charges may result. Therefore, there can be no assurance that future events will not result in an impairment of goodwill.

As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company's finite-lived and indefinite-lived intangible assets consisted of the following (in thousands):


	December 31, 2022						December 31, 2021
	Cost		Accumulated Amortization		Net		Cost		Accumulated Amortization		Net
Permits	$	188,373	$	109,036	$	79,337	$	187,519	$	102,408	$	85,111
Customer and supplier relationships	583,709		229,368		354,341		576,474		214,776		361,698
Other intangible assets	89,388		24,818		64,570		94,271		19,359		74,912
Total amortizable permits and other intangible assets	861,470		363,222		498,248		858,264		336,543		521,721
Trademarks and trade names	122,534		—		122,534		123,191		—		123,191
Total permits and other intangible assets	$	984,004	$	363,222	$	620,782	$	981,455	$	336,543	$	644,912

The Company regularly monitors and assesses whether events or changes in circumstances relative to the Company's business might indicate that future cash flows attributable to the Company's asset groups may not be sufficient to recover the current value of those assets. During the periods presented, there were no events or changes in circumstances which would indicate that the carrying values of the Company's asset groups would not be recoverable and thus no impairment charge was recorded related to the Company's long-lived assets. If expectations of future cash flows were to decrease in the future as a result of worse than expected or prolonged periods of depressed activity, future impairments may become evident.

Amortization expense of permits, customer and supplier relationships and other intangible assets for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 were $50.2 million, $34.7 million and $35.8 million, respectively. The Company wrote-off fully amortized intangible assets with a cost of $19.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2022.

The expected amortization of the net carrying amount of finite-lived intangible assets at December 31, 2022 is as follows (in thousands):


Years ending December 31,	Expected Amortization
2023	$	46,030
2024	41,814
2025	39,828
2026	37,943
2027	35,869
Thereafter	296,764
	$	498,248