INCOME TAXES (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Schedule of Income before Income Tax, Domestic and Foreign

The domestic and foreign components of income before provision for income taxes were as follows (in thousands):



	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2016			2015			2014
Domestic	$	87,328		$	164,105		$	44,737
Foreign	(78,612		)	(54,459		)	(6,215		)
Total	$	8,716		$	109,646		$	38,522

Schedule of Components of Provision for Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes consisted of the following (in thousands):



	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2016			2015			2014
Current:
Federal	$	14,798		$	46,775		$	17,184
State	8,763			11,120			6,918
Foreign	9,844			5,719			10,428
	33,405			63,614			34,530
Deferred
Federal	21,814			12,254			33,858
State	1,644			2,766			1,840
Foreign	(8,274		)	(13,090		)	(3,378		)
	15,184			1,930			32,320
Provision for income taxes	$	48,589		$	65,544		$	66,850

Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation

The effective income tax rate varied from the amount computed using the statutory federal income tax rate as follows (in thousands):



	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2016		2015		2014
Tax expense at US statutory rate	$	3,051	$	38,376	$	13,483
State income taxes, net of federal benefit	6,010		8,449		7,429
Foreign rate differential	3,646		3,951		(2,916		)
Valuation allowance	22,564		1,824		827
Uncertain tax position interest and penalties	107		32		2,217
Goodwill impairment	11,905		10,974		44,273
Other	1,306		1,938		1,537
Provision for income taxes	$	48,589	$	65,544	$	66,850

Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

The components of the total net deferred tax assets and liabilities at December 31, 2016 and 2015 were as follows (in thousands):



	2016			2015
Deferred tax assets:
Workers compensation and other claims related accruals	$	1,069		$	15,316
Provision for doubtful accounts	11,189			12,654
Closure, post-closure and remedial liabilities	40,829			37,407
Accrued expenses	18,757			12,455
Accrued compensation	2,747			5,425
Net operating loss carryforwards(1)	46,752			41,191
Tax credit carryforwards(2)	25,348			25,040
Uncertain tax positions accrued interest and federal benefit	1,241			1,219
Stock-based compensation	1,993			615
Other	555			7,421
Total deferred tax assets	150,480			158,743
Deferred tax liabilities:
Property, plant and equipment	(207,799		)	(221,969		)
Permits and other intangible assets	(161,295		)	(159,698		)
Prepaids	(11,030		)	—
Total deferred tax liabilities	(380,124		)	(381,667		)
Total net deferred tax liability before valuation allowance	(229,644		)	(222,924		)
Less valuation allowance	(55,189		)	(30,916		)
Net deferred tax liabilities	$	(284,833	)	$	(253,840	)

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(1)	As of December 31, 2016, the net operating loss carryforwards included (i) state net operating loss carryovers of $189.0 million which will begin to expire in 2017, (ii) federal net operating loss carryforwards of $62.9 million which will begin to expire in 2025, and (iii) foreign net operating loss carryforwards of $50.5 million which will begin to expire in 2017.


(2)	As of December 31, 2016, the foreign tax credit carryforwards of $25.0 million will expire between 2020 and 2024.

Summary of Income Tax Contingencies

The changes to unrecognized tax benefits (excluding related penalties and interest) from January 1, 2014 through December 31, 2016, were as follows (in thousands):



	2016			2015			2014
Unrecognized tax benefits as of January 1	$	2,064		$	2,537		$	1,304
Additions to current year tax positions	—			—			904
Additions to prior year tax positions	—			—			419
Settlements	(533		)	(217		)	—
Foreign currency translation	207			(256		)	(90		)
Unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31	$	1,738		$	2,064		$	2,537