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Investments In Unconsolidated Entities
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Equity Method Investments and Joint Ventures [Abstract]  
Investments In unconsolidated entities
Investments in unconsolidated entities

We participate in a number of joint ventures with independent third parties. These joint ventures generally purchase, develop, and sell land, including selling land to us for use in our homebuilding operations. A summary of our joint ventures is presented below ($000’s omitted):
 
 
December 31,
 
2017
 
2016
Investments in Joint ventures with limited recourse debt
$
37,063

 
$

Investments in joint ventures with debt non-recourse to PulteGroup
3,567

 
33,436

Investments in other active joint ventures
22,327

 
18,011

Total investments in unconsolidated entities
$
62,957

 
$
51,447

 
 
 
 
Total joint venture debt
$
59,544

 
$
4,605

 
 
 
 
PulteGroup proportionate share of joint venture debt:
 
 
 
Joint venture debt with limited recourse guaranties
$
28,157

 
$

Joint venture debt non-recourse to PulteGroup
700

 
1,349

PulteGroup's total proportionate share of joint venture debt
$
28,857

 
$
1,349



In 2017, 2016, and 2015, we recognized earnings (losses) from unconsolidated joint ventures of $(2.0) million, $8.3 million, and $7.4 million, respectively. We received distributions from our unconsolidated joint ventures of $9.4 million, $10.9 million, and $6.0 million, in 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively. We made capital contributions of $23.0 million and $14.5 million during 2017 and 2016, respectively, with no significant contributions in 2015.

At December 31, 2017, aggregate outstanding debt of unconsolidated joint ventures was $59.5 million, of which $56.3 million was related to one joint venture in which we have a 50% interest. In connection with this loan, we and our joint venture partner provided customary limited recourse guaranties in which our maximum financial loss exposure is limited to our pro rata share of the debt outstanding. The limited guaranties include, but are not limited to: (i) completion of certain aspects of the project; (ii) an environmental indemnity provided to the lender; and (iii) an indemnification of the lender from certain "bad boy acts" of the joint venture.

The timing of cash flows related to a joint venture and any related financing agreements varies by agreement. If additional capital contributions are required and approved by the joint venture, we would need to contribute our pro rata portion of those capital needs in order to not dilute our ownership in the joint ventures. While future capital contributions may be required, we believe the total amount of such contributions will be limited. Our maximum financial exposure related to joint ventures is unlikely to exceed the combined investment and limited recourse guaranty totals.