S-3

As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 6, 2019

Registration No. 333-            

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form S-3

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

UNDER

THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

Par Pacific Holdings, Inc.*

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	84-1060803
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

825 Town & Country Lane, Suite 1500

Houston, Texas 77024

(281) 899-4800

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)

J. Matthew Vaughn

Senior Vice President and General Counsel

Par Pacific Holdings, Inc.

825 Town & Country Lane, Suite 1500

Houston, Texas 77024

(281) 899-4800

(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)

Copies to:

E. James Cowen

Adam K. Nalley

Porter Hedges LLP

1000 Main, 36th Floor

Houston, Texas 77002

Telephone: (713) 226-6649

Telecopy: (713) 228-1331

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: From time to time after this registration statement becomes effective.

If the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box.  ☐

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, other than securities offered only in connection with dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check the following box.  ☒

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  ☐

If this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.D. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box.  ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.D. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☒
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act.  ☐

CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE

Title of Each Class of Securities to be Registered (1)	Amount to be Registered	Proposed Maximum Aggregate Offering Price per Unit	Proposed Maximum Offering Price	Amount of Registration Fee
Debt Securities (2)
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share
Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share
Depositary Shares (3)
Warrants
Subscription Rights
Purchase Contracts
Units
Guarantees of the Non-Convertible Debt Securities (4)
Total			$750,000,000(5)	$90,900(6)(7)

(1) The securities registered consist of $750,000,000 of an indeterminate number or amount of Debt Securities, Common Stock, Preferred Stock, Depositary Shares, Warrants, Subscription Rights, Purchase Contracts, Units and Guarantees, as may be issued from time to time at indeterminate prices. In no event will the aggregate initial offering price of all securities issued from time to time pursuant to this registration statement exceed $750,000,000 or the equivalent thereof in foreign currencies, foreign currency units or composite currencies. This registration statement also covers an indeterminate amount of securities registered hereunder and listed in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table above as may be issued in exchange for, or upon conversion or exercise of, as the case may be, the securities registered hereunder and listed in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table above.

(2) If any Debt Securities are issued at an original issue discount, then the offering price of the Debt Securities shall be in such amount as shall result in an aggregate initial offering price not to exceed $750,000,000 less the offering price of any security previously issued hereunder.

(3) Such indeterminate number of Depositary Shares to be evidenced by Depositary Receipts issued pursuant to a deposit agreement. In the event that the registrant elects to offer to the public fractional interests in shares of Preferred Stock registered hereunder, Depositary Receipts will be distributed to those persons purchasing the fractional interests and the shares of Preferred Stock will be issued to the depositary under the deposit agreement.

(4) Subsidiaries of Par Pacific Holdings, Inc. named as co-registrants may fully, irrevocably and unconditionally guarantee on an unsecured basis the non-convertible debt securities of Par Pacific Holdings, Inc. Pursuant to Rule 457(n) of the Securities Act of 1933, no separate fee is payable in connection with the Guarantees.

(5) The proposed maximum aggregate offering price has been estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457(o) of the Securities Act of 1933.

(6) Calculated in accordance with Rule 457(o) of the Securities Act of 1933.

(7) This registration statement includes unsold Debt Securities, Common Stock, Preferred Stock, Depositary Shares, Warrants, Subscription Rights, Purchase Contracts, Units and Guarantees of Par Pacific Holdings, Inc. and its subsidiaries named as co-registrants (the “Unsold Securities”) with an aggregate offering price of $750,000,000 that were previously covered by registration statement no. 333-213472 (the “Prior Registration Statement”). Pursuant to Rule 415(a)(6) of the Securities Act, the $75,525 filing fee previously paid in connection with such Unsold Securities will continue to be applied to such Unsold Securities. As a result, a filing fee of $15,375 was paid in connection with the initial filing of this registration statement. Pursuant to Rule 415(a)(6), the offering of the Unsold Securities covered by the Prior Registration Statement will be deemed terminated as of the date of effectiveness of this registration statement. To the extent that that, after the filing date hereof and prior to the effectiveness of this registration statement, any Unsold Securities are sold pursuant to the Prior Registration Statement, the registrant will identify in a pre-effective amendment to this registration statement the updated amount of Unsold Securities from the Prior Registration Statement to be included in this registration statement pursuant to Rule 415(a)(6).

The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

*TABLE OF ADDITIONAL REGISTRANTS

The following subsidiaries of Par Pacific Holdings, Inc. are co-registrants under this registration statement.

Name	Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization	I.R.S. Employer Identification Number
EWI LLC	Delaware	90-0886680
Par Hawaii Refining, LLC	Hawaii	99-0143882
Par Petroleum, LLC	Delaware	46-2908645
Hermes Consolidated, LLC	Delaware	45-2661399
HIE Retail, LLC	Hawaii	90-1009461
Par Hawaii, Inc.	Hawaii	26-0687490
McChord Pipeline Co.	Washington	91-1729544
Mid Pac Petroleum, LLC	Delaware	74-3124532
Par Hawaii Shared Services, LLC	Delaware	32-0480695
Par New Mexico LLC	Delaware	90-0887134
Par Pacific Hawaii Property Company, LLC	Delaware	83-3373890
Par Petroleum Finance Corp.	Delaware	82-3553173
Par Piceance Energy Equity LLC	Delaware	90-0885169
Par Tacoma, LLC	Delaware	46-5769211
Par Utah LLC	Delaware	36-4742186
Par Washington LLC	Delaware	90-0886057
Par Wyoming, LLC	Delaware	81-2999705
Par Wyoming Holdings, LLC	Delaware	38-4006401
Texadian Energy, Inc.	Delaware	20-8617990
U.S. Oil & Refining Co.	Delaware	91-0647317
USOT WA, LLC	Washington	91-0647317
Wyoming Pipeline Company, LLC	Wyoming	38-3860108

The address for each of the co-registrants is c/o Par Pacific Holdings, Inc., 825 Town & Country Lane, Suite 1500, Houston, Texas 77024, Telephone: (281) 899-4800.

The name and address, including zip code, of the agent for service for each of the co-registrants is J. Matthew Vaughn, Senior Vice President and General Counsel of Par Pacific Holdings, Inc., 825 Town & Country Lane, Suite 1500, Houston, Texas 77024. The telephone number, including area code, of the agent for service for each of the co-registrants is (281) 899-4800.

The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.

SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED FEBRUARY 6, 2019

PROSPECTUS

PAR PACIFIC HOLDINGS, INC.

$750,000,000

Debt Securities

Common Stock

Preferred Stock

Depositary Shares

Warrants

Subscription Rights

Purchase Contracts

Units

Guarantees of Non-Convertible Debt Securities

We may offer from time to time debt securities, shares of our common stock, shares of our preferred stock, depositary shares, warrants, subscription rights, purchase contracts and units. Any non-convertible debt securities we issue under this prospectus may be guaranteed by certain of our subsidiaries.

The aggregate initial offering price of the securities that we offer will not exceed $750,000,000. We will offer the securities in amounts, at prices and on terms to be determined at the time of the offering.

Our common stock is quoted on the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) under the symbol “PARR.” The last reported sale price of our common stock on February 5, 2019 was $16.66 per share.

In order to avoid an “ownership change” for federal income tax purposes, our certificate of incorporation prohibits any person from becoming a holder of 5% or more of our outstanding common stock, and restricts the ability of any holder of 5% or more of our common stock from disposing of or acquiring shares of our common stock without our consent, except under limited circumstances. Consequently, there are limitations on the acquisition of shares of common stock as described in this prospectus.

We will provide the specific terms of the offering in supplements to this prospectus. You should read this prospectus and any supplement carefully before you invest. This prospectus may not be used to offer and sell our securities unless accompanied by a prospectus supplement.

Investing in our securities involves significant risks that are described in the “Risk Factors” section beginning on page 7 of this prospectus.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

The date of this prospectus is                , 2019.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

	Page
ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS		i
PAR PACIFIC HOLDINGS, INC.		1
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS		4
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION		5
INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN DOCUMENTS BY REFERENCE		6
RISK FACTORS		7
USE OF PROCEEDS		8
DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES		9
DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK		19
DESCRIPTION OF DEPOSITARY SHARES		28
DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS		30
DESCRIPTION OF SUBSCRIPTION RIGHTS		32
DESCRIPTION OF PURCHASE CONTRACTS		33
DESCRIPTION OF UNITS		34
FORMS OF SECURITIES		35
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION		37
LEGAL MATTERS		40
EXPERTS		40

ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS

This prospectus is part of a registration statement that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the Commission (the “SEC”), utilizing a “shelf” registration process. Under this shelf registration process, we may sell any combination of the securities described in this prospectus in one or more offerings up to a total dollar amount of $750 million. This prospectus provides you with a general description of the securities we may offer. Each time we sell securities, we will provide a prospectus supplement that will contain specific information about the terms of the offering and the offered securities. This prospectus, together with applicable prospectus supplements, any information incorporated by reference, and any related free writing prospectuses we file with the Commission, includes all material information relating to these offerings and securities. We may also add, update or change in the prospectus supplement any of the information contained in this prospectus or in the documents that we have incorporated by reference into this prospectus, including without limitation, a discussion of any risk factors or other special considerations that apply to these offerings or securities or the specific plan of distribution. If there is any inconsistency between the information in this prospectus and a prospectus supplement or information incorporated by reference having a later date, you should rely on the information in that prospectus supplement or incorporated information having a later date. We urge you to read carefully this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, together with the information incorporated herein by reference as described under the heading “Incorporation of Certain Documents By Reference” and the additional information described under the heading “Where You Can Find More Information,” before buying any of the securities being offered.

You should rely only on the information we have provided or incorporated by reference in this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with different information. No dealer, salesperson or other person is authorized to give any information or to represent anything not contained in this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectus.

Neither the delivery of this prospectus nor any sale made under it implies that there has been no change in our affairs or that the information in this prospectus is correct as of any date after the date of

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this prospectus. You should assume that the information in this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectus is accurate only as of the date on the front of the document and that any information we have incorporated by reference is accurate only as of the date of the document incorporated by reference, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectus, or any sale of a security.

The registration statement containing this prospectus, including exhibits to the registration statement, provides additional information about us and the securities offered under this prospectus and any prospectus supplement. We have filed and plan to continue to file other documents with the Commission that contain information about us and our business. Also, we will file legal documents that control the terms of the securities offered by this prospectus as exhibits to the reports that we file with the Commission. The registration statement and other reports can be read at the Commission website or at the Commission offices mentioned under the heading “Where You Can Find More Information.”

This prospectus contains summaries of certain provisions contained in some of the documents described herein, but reference is made to the actual documents for complete information. All of the summaries are qualified in their entirety by the actual documents. Copies of some of the documents referred to herein have been filed, will be filed or will be incorporated by reference as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, and you may obtain copies of those documents as described below under “Where You Can Find More Information.”

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PAR PACIFIC HOLDINGS, INC.

As used in this prospectus, the terms “we,” “us,” “our,” the “Company” and “Par” mean Par Pacific Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its consolidated subsidiaries, unless the context indicates otherwise.

We own, manage and maintain interests in energy and infrastructure businesses. Our strategy is to identify, acquire and operate energy and infrastructure companies with attractive competitive positions.

Our business is organized into three primary operating segments:

• Refining—Our refineries in Kapolei, Hawaii, produce ultra-low sulfur diesel, gasoline, jet fuel, marine fuel, low sulfur fuel oil, and other associated refined products primarily for consumption in Hawaii. Our refinery in Newcastle, Wyoming, produces gasoline, ultra-low sulfur diesel, jet fuel, and other associated refined products that are primarily marketed in Wyoming and South Dakota. Our refinery in Tacoma, Washington produces distillate, gasoline, asphalt and other associated refined products primarily marketed to the Pacific and West Coast markets.

• Retail—Our retail outlets in Hawaii sell gasoline, diesel, and retail merchandise throughout the islands of Oahu, Maui, Hawaii, and Kauai. Our Hawaii retail network includes Hele and “76” branded retail sites, company-operated convenience stores, 7-Eleven operated convenience stores, other sites operated by third parties, and unattended cardlock stations. We recently completed the rebranding of 24 of our 34 company-operated convenience stores in Hawaii to “nomnom,” a new proprietary brand. Our retail outlets in Washington and Idaho sell gasoline, diesel, and retail merchandise and operate under the “Cenex^®” and “Zip Trip^®” brand names.

• Logistics—We own and operate terminals, pipelines, a single-point mooring (“SPM”), and trucking operations to distribute refined products throughout the islands of Oahu, Maui, Hawaii, Molokai, and Kauai. We also own and operate a crude oil pipeline gathering system, a refined products pipeline, storage facilities, and loading racks in Wyoming and a jet fuel storage facility and pipeline that serve Ellsworth Air Force Base in South Dakota. In addition, in Washington, we own and operate a marine terminal, a unit train-capable rail loading terminal, storage facilities, a truck rack, and a proprietary pipeline that serves McChord Air Base.

We also own a 46.0% equity investment in Laramie Energy, LLC (“Laramie Energy”), a joint venture entity focused on producing natural gas in Garfield, Mesa and Rio Blanco Counties, Colorado. We are not required to make any additional capital contributions to Laramie Energy.

Our refining, retail, and logistics segments were established through the acquisitions of Par Hawaii Refining, LLC (“PHR,” formerly Hawaii Independent Energy, LLC) and Par Hawaii, Inc. (“PHI,” formerly Koko’oha Investments, Inc.), which owns 100% of the outstanding membership interests of Mid Pac Petroleum, LLC (“Mid Pac”). PHR was acquired from Andeavor (formerly Tesoro Corporation) on September 25, 2013 for approximately $75 million in cash, plus net working capital and inventories, earn-out payments of $27.3 million, and the funding of certain start-up expenses and overhaul costs prior to closing. PHI was acquired on April 1, 2015 for cash consideration of approximately $74.4 million and the assumption of $45.3 million of debt.

On July 14, 2016, we acquired all of the issued and outstanding units representing the membership interests in Hermes Consolidated, LLC (d/b/a Wyoming Refining Company) and indirectly Wyoming Refining Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary, Wyoming Pipeline Company, LLC (collectively, “Wyoming Refining” or “WRC”) (the “WRC Acquisition”). We paid cash consideration of $209.4 million and assumed debt consisting of term loans of $58.0 million and revolving loans of $10.1 million. The results of operations of Wyoming Refining are included in our refining and logistics segments effective July 14, 2016.

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On March 23, 2018, we acquired twenty-one (21) and twelve (12) leased retail gasoline, convenience store facilities, all at various locations in Washington and Idaho (collectively, the “Northwest Retail Properties”). The Northwest Retail Properties operate under the “Cenex^®” and “Zip Trip^®” brand names. We acquired the Northwest Retail Properties for a purchase price of $70 million, plus the value of certain inventory at closing. In connection with the closing of the Northwest Retail Properties acquisition, the parties and their respective affiliates entered into a number of ancillary agreements, including a multi-year branded petroleum marketing agreement for the continued supply of Cenex-branded refined products by CHS Inc. to the Northwest Retail Properties and a multi-year supply agreement pursuant to which we supply refined products to CHS Inc. within the Rocky Mountain and Pacific Northwest markets. The acquired stations represent the second largest branded retail position in Spokane.

On December 19, 2018, pursuant to the terms of a Topping Unit Purchase Agreement, dated as of August 29, 2018 (the “Topping Unit Purchase Agreement”), among PHR, IES Downstream, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“IES”), Eagle Island, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company which was subsequently merged with and into PHR (“Eagle”), and, solely for certain purposes specified in the Topping Unit Purchase Agreement, us (the “Topping Unit Acquisition”), PHR acquired all of the limited liability company interests of Eagle, the owner of certain refining units and related assets located near our original refinery in Kapolei, Hawaii (the “Topping Units”). The purchase price for the Topping Unit Acquisition was $45 million, payable with $30 million in cash and 860,502 shares of our common stock. The purchase price will be adjusted by the value of hydrocarbon and certain nonhydrocarbon inventory and for certain prorated expenses related to the ownership of the Topping Units as of the closing date, with the initial adjustment for the nonhydrocarbon inventory paid for by the issuance of 247,700 shares of our common stock. We financed the cash portion of the purchase price for the Topping Unit Acquisition with cash on hand and financed working capital under our existing supply and offtake agreements.

On January 11, 2019, pursuant to the terms of a purchase and sale agreement, dated as of November 26, 2018 (the “USOR Purchase Agreement” and, together with the Topping Unit Purchase Agreement, the “Acquisition Agreements”) between our subsidiary Par Petroleum, LLC (“Par Petroleum”) and TrailStone NA Oil & Refining Holdings, LLC (the “Trailstone Seller”), Par Petroleum acquired 100% of the issued and outstanding equity interests in TrailStone NA Asset Finance I, LLC, which was subsequently renamed Par Tacoma, LLC (“Trailstone”), from Trailstone Seller (the “USOR Acquisition” and together with the Topping Unit Acquisition, the “Acquisitions”). TrailStone owns U.S. Oil & Refining Co. (“USOR”). The USOR Acquisition includes a 42,000 bpd refinery, a marine terminal, a unit train-capable rail loading terminal, and 2.9 MMbbls of refined product and crude oil storage, which refinery and associated logistics assets are located in Tacoma, Washington (the “Pacific Northwest Refinery and Logistics Business”). The purchase price for the USOR Acquisition was $358 million, payable with approximately $321 million in cash and 2,363,776 shares of our common stock. The purchase price will be adjusted by net working capital, the value of hydrocarbon inventory, reimbursable capital expenditures, closing indebtedness and transaction expenses. We financed the cash portion of the purchase price with cash on hand, debt financing with Bank of Hawaii and a $250.0 million senior secured term loan facility with Goldman Sachs Bank USA, as sole lead arranger, sole bookrunner, sole syndication agent and as a lender thereunder. USOR was a party to an intermediation arrangement (the “USOR Intermediation Agreement”) that was amended and remained in place at the closing of the USOR Acquisition. The USOR Intermediation Agreement provides a structured financing arrangement based on USOR’s crude oil and refined products inventories and associated accounts receivables.

In addition to the three operating segments described above, we have one additional reportable segment, Corporate and Other. Our Corporate and Other reportable segment includes administrative costs and several small non-operated oil and gas interests that were owned by our predecessor.

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Our principal executive offices are located at 825 Town & Country Lane, Suite 1500, Houston, Texas 77024. Our telephone number is (281) 899-4800. Our website is located at www.parpacific.com. Information on our website does not constitute part of this prospectus and should not be relied upon in connection with making any decision with respect to an investment in our securities. We are required to file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. Our filings with the SEC are available to the public from commercial document retrieval services and at the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.

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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain statements in this prospectus and in the documents we incorporate by reference herein may constitute “forward-looking” statements as defined in Section 27A of the Securities Act, Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (“PSLRA”), or in releases made by the SEC, all as may be amended from time to time. Such forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other important factors that could cause our actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Statements that are not historical fact are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements can be identified by, among other things, the use of forward-looking language, such as the words “plan,” “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “estimate,” “project,” “may,” “will,” “would,” “could,” “should,” “seeks,” “scheduled to,” or other similar words, or the negative of these words or other variations of these words or comparable language, or by discussion of strategy or intentions. These cautionary statements are being made pursuant to the Securities Act, the Exchange Act and the PSLRA with the intention of obtaining the benefits of the “safe harbor” provisions of such laws. When considering these forward-looking statements, you should keep in mind the risk factors and other cautionary statements included in this prospectus and the documents we incorporate by reference herein. Please read “Risk Factors” beginning on page 7 of this prospectus. The risk factors and other factors noted throughout this prospectus and in the documents incorporated by reference could cause our actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statement.

The forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus and in the documents we incorporate herein by reference are largely based on our expectations, which reflect estimates and assumptions made by our management. These estimates and assumptions reflect our best judgment based on currently known market conditions and other factors. Although we believe such estimates and assumptions to be reasonable, they are inherently uncertain and involve a number of risks and uncertainties that are beyond our control. In addition, management’s assumptions about future events may prove to be inaccurate. All readers are cautioned that the forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus and in the documents we incorporate herein by reference are not guarantees of future performance, and we cannot assure any reader that such statements will be realized or that the forward-looking events and circumstances will occur. Actual results may differ materially from those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements due to factors described under the heading “Risk Factors” in this prospectus and elsewhere in the documents we incorporate herein by reference. All forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made. We do not intend to update or revise any forward-looking statements as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. These cautionary statements qualify all forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf.

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WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION

This prospectus forms a part of a registration statement on Form S-3 we filed with the SEC. This prospectus does not contain all of the information found in the registration statement. For further information regarding us and our securities, you may desire to review the full registration statement, including its exhibits and schedules, filed under the Securities Act, as well as our proxy statement, annual, quarterly and other reports and other information we file with the SEC. The SEC maintains a website on the Internet at www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding companies that file electronically with the SEC. We maintain a website on the Internet at www.parpacific.com. Our registration statement, of which this prospectus constitutes a part, can be downloaded from the SEC’s website or from our website at www.parpacific.com. Information on the SEC website, our website or any other website is not incorporated by reference in this prospectus and does not constitute part of this prospectus.

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INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN DOCUMENTS BY REFERENCE

The rules of the SEC allow us to “incorporate by reference” into this prospectus the information we file with the SEC, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to that information. The information incorporated by reference is considered to be part of this prospectus, and later information that we file with the SEC will automatically update and supersede that information. We incorporate by reference the documents listed below:

• Our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017, filed with the SEC on March 12, 2018, and portions of our Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed with the SEC on March 29, 2018, incorporated by reference therein (File No. 001-36550);

• Our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q or Form 10-Q/A for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2018, filed with the SEC on May 10, 2018, for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2018, filed with the SEC on August 8, 2018, and for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2018, filed with the SEC on November 7, 2018 and on February 4, 2019 (File No. 001-36550);

• A description of our common stock contained in our registration statement on Form 8-A, filed with the SEC on July 16, 2014 (File No. 001-36550); and

• Our Current Reports on Form 8-K or Form 8-K/A, filed with the SEC on January 9, 2018, February 14, 2018, March 6, 2018, March 7, 2018, March 23, 2018, March 27, 2018, May 9, 2018, May 10, 2018, May 14, 2018, July 20, 2018, July 27, 2018, August 8, 2018 (two filings), August 30, 2018, November 7, 2018 (two filings), November 27, 2018, November 30, 2018, December 7, 2018, December 11, 2018, December 13, 2018, December 20, 2018, January 14, 2019 and February 1, 2019 (File No. 001-36550) (excluding any information furnished pursuant to Item 2.02 or Item 7.01, or any corresponding information furnished under Item 9.01, of any such Current Report on Form 8-K).

All documents filed by us pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act (excluding any information furnished pursuant to Item 2.02 or Item 7.01, or any corresponding information furnished under Item 9.01, on any Current Report on Form 8-K) after the date of the initial registration statement and prior to the effectiveness of the registration statement and after the date of this prospectus and prior to the termination of each offering under this prospectus shall be deemed to be incorporated in this prospectus by reference and to be a part hereof from the date of filing of such documents.

Any statement contained in this prospectus or in a document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference in this prospectus shall be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this prospectus to the extent that a statement contained herein or in any other subsequently filed document which also is or is deemed to be incorporated by reference modifies or supersedes the statement. Any statement so modified or superseded shall not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute a part of this prospectus.

This prospectus incorporates documents by reference that are not delivered with this prospectus. Copies of these documents, other than the exhibits to the documents (unless such exhibits are specifically incorporated by reference in such documents), are available upon written or oral request, at no charge, from us. Requests for such copies should be directed to Par Pacific Holdings, Inc., 825 Town & Country Lane, Suite 1500, Houston, Texas 77024, Attention: Corporate Secretary, telephone number: (281) 899-4800.

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RISK FACTORS

An investment in our securities involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risk factors and all of the other information included in, or incorporated by reference into, this prospectus, including those risk factors included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarterly periods ended March 31, 2018, June 30, 2018, and September 30, 2018, and our subsequent Commission filings, in evaluating an investment in our securities. If any of these risks were to occur, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be adversely affected. In that case, the trading price of our securities could decline and you could lose all or part of your investment. When we offer and sell any securities pursuant to a prospectus supplement, we may include additional risk factors relevant to such securities in the prospectus supplement.

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USE OF PROCEEDS

Unless we inform you otherwise in the prospectus supplement or any pricing supplement, we will use the net proceeds from the sale of the securities offered by us for general corporate purposes. These purposes may include capital expenditures, repayment or refinancing of indebtedness, acquisitions and repurchases and redemptions of securities. Pending any specific application, we may initially invest funds in short-term marketable securities or apply them to the reduction of indebtedness.

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DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES

Our debt securities, consisting of notes, debentures or other evidences of indebtedness, may be issued from time to time in one or more series:

• in the case of senior debt securities, under a senior indenture to be entered into among us, the guarantors of those securities, if any, and a trustee we will identify in a prospectus supplement; and

• in the case of subordinated debt securities, under a subordinated indenture to be entered into among us, the guarantors of those securities, if any, and a trustee we will identify in a prospectus supplement.

Any such senior indenture or subordinated indenture will be substantially in the form included as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part.

Because the following is only a summary of the indentures and the debt securities, it does not contain all information that you may find useful. For further information about the indentures and the debt securities, we urge you to read the indentures, the forms of securities, the applicable prospectus supplements and the applicable supplemental indentures.

As used in this section of the prospectus and under the captions “Description of Capital Stock,” “Description of Depositary Shares,” “Description of Warrants,” “Description of Subscription Rights,” “Description of Purchase Contracts,” and “Description of Units,” the terms “we,” “us,” “our,” the “Company” and “Par” mean Par Pacific Holdings, Inc. only, and not the subsidiaries of Par Pacific Holdings, Inc. Capitalized terms not otherwise defined in this Description of Debt Securities have the meanings given to them in the aforementioned indentures.

Unless otherwise specified in a prospectus supplement, any debt securities we offer will be our direct, unsecured general obligations. The debt securities will be either senior debt securities or subordinated debt securities, either of which may be issued in registered or global form. The senior debt securities will rank equally with all of our other senior and unsubordinated debt. The subordinated debt securities will be subordinated in right of payment to certain of our senior debt. In general, this means that if we declare bankruptcy, holders of the senior debt securities and certain other senior debt will be paid in full before the holders of subordinated debt securities will receive any payment on their securities. Non-convertible debt securities may be fully, irrevocably and unconditionally guaranteed, on a joint and several basis, by some or all of our subsidiaries, other than “minor” subsidiaries as such term is interpreted in securities regulations governing financial reporting for guarantors.

We conduct substantially all of our operations through our subsidiaries. Consequently, our ability to repay our obligations, including our obligation to pay interest on the debt securities, to repay the principal amount of the debt securities at maturity or upon redemption, or to buy back the securities, depends to a certain extent upon our ability to receive cash flow from our subsidiaries. That is, we will depend upon our subsidiaries’ earnings and their distributions of those earnings to us, and upon our subsidiaries repayment of investments and advances we have made to them to meet our obligations under the debt securities and our other obligations. Our subsidiaries are separate and distinct legal entities and, except to the extent our subsidiaries guarantee the non-convertible debt securities, have no obligation, contingent or otherwise, to pay any amounts due on the debt securities or to make funds available to us to do so.

Generally, the debt securities will be effectively subordinated to all existing and future secured indebtedness of our subsidiaries and us and to all existing and future indebtedness of all non-guarantor subsidiaries. This means that our rights and the rights of our creditors, including the holders of our debt securities, to receive any of the cash or other assets of any subsidiary upon its liquidation or reorganization or otherwise are necessarily subject to the superior claims of creditors of the subsidiary, except to the extent that we or our creditors may be recognized as creditors of the subsidiary. Our subsidiaries’ ability to pay dividends or make other payments or

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advances to us will also depend upon their operating results and will be subject to applicable laws and contractual restrictions. Unless otherwise specified in an applicable prospectus supplement, the indentures do not limit our subsidiaries’ ability to enter into other agreements that prohibit or restrict dividends or other payments or advances to us.

The indentures do not limit the aggregate principal amount of debt securities that can be issued. The debt securities may be issued in one or more series as we may authorize from time to time. A prospectus supplement and a supplemental indenture relating to the offering of a particular series of debt securities will set forth the specific terms of the offered debt securities.

These terms will include some or all of the following:

• the title of the debt securities and whether they are subordinated debt securities or senior debt securities;

• any limit on the aggregate principal amount of the debt securities;

• the ability to issue additional debt securities of the same series;

• the price or prices at which we will sell the debt securities;

• the maturity date or dates of the debt securities;

• the rate or rates of interest, if any, which may be fixed or variable, at which the debt securities will bear interest, or the method of determining such rate or rates, if any;

• the date or dates from which any interest will accrue or the method by which such date or dates will be determined;

• in the case of discount debt securities, the rate of accretion of principal, which may be fixed or variable, or the method of determining such rate, and the date or dates from which principal will accrete or the method by which such date or dates will be determined;

• the right, if any, to extend the interest payment periods and the duration of any such deferral period, including the maximum consecutive period during which interest payment periods may be extended;

• the dates on which we will pay interest on the debt securities and the regular record date for determining who is entitled to the interest payable on any interest payment date;

• the place or places where the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on the debt securities will be payable, where any securities may be surrendered for registration of transfer, exchange or conversion, as applicable, and notices and demands may be delivered to or upon us pursuant to the indenture;

• if we possess the option to do so, the periods within which and the prices at which we may redeem the debt securities, in whole or in part, pursuant to optional redemption provisions, and the other terms and conditions of any such provisions;

• our obligation, if any, to redeem, repay or purchase debt securities by making periodic payments to a sinking fund or through an analogous provision or at the option of holders of the debt securities, and the period or periods within which and the price or prices at which we will redeem, repay or purchase the debt securities, in whole or in part, pursuant to such obligation, and the other terms and conditions of such obligation;

• the denominations in which the debt securities will be issued, if other than denominations of $1,000 and integral multiples of $1,000;

• whether the amount of payments of principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on the debt securities may be determined with reference to any index, formula or other method, such as one or more currencies, commodities, equity indices or other indices, and the manner of determining the amount of such payments;

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• the portion, or methods of determining the portion, of the principal amount of the debt securities which we must pay upon the acceleration of the maturity of the debt securities in connection with an Event of Default (as described below), if other than the full principal amount;

• provisions, if any, granting special rights to holders of the debt securities upon the occurrence of specified events;

• any deletions from, modifications of or additions to the Events of Default or our covenants with respect to the applicable series of debt securities, and whether or not such Events of Default or covenants are consistent with those contained in the applicable indenture;

• any limitation on our ability to incur debt, redeem stock, sell our assets or other restrictions;

• the application, if any, of the terms of the indenture relating to legal defeasance and covenant defeasance (which terms are described below) to the debt securities;

• whether the subordination provisions summarized below or different subordination provisions will apply to the debt securities;

• the terms, if any, upon which the holders may convert or exchange (or upon which we may require the holders to convert or exchange) the debt securities into or for common stock, preferred stock or other securities or property of ours or of another person (or upon which such debt securities shall automatically convert or be exchanged into or for such other securities or property);

• whether any of the debt securities will be issued in global form and, if so, the terms and conditions upon which global debt securities may be exchanged for certificated debt securities;

• any change in the right of the trustee or the requisite holders of debt securities to declare the principal amount thereof due and payable because of an Event of Default;

• the depository for global or certificated debt securities;

• any trustees, authenticating or paying agents, transfer agents or registrars or other agents with respect to the debt securities;

• to whom any interest on any debt security shall be payable, if other than the person in whose name the security is registered, on the record date for such interest, the extent to which, or the manner in which, any interest payable on a temporary global debt security will be paid if other than in the manner provided in the applicable indenture;

• if the principal of or any premium or interest on any debt securities of the series is to be payable in one or more currencies or currency units other than as stated, the currency, currencies or currency units in which it shall be paid and the periods within and terms and conditions upon which such election is to be made and the amounts payable (or the manner in which such amount shall be determined);

• the collateral, if any, securing such debt securities, and the guarantors, if any, who will guarantee such non-convertible debt securities, or the methods of determining such collateral, if any, and such guarantors, if any;

• the portion of the principal amount of any securities of the series which shall be payable upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity of the debt securities pursuant to the applicable indenture if other than the entire principal amount;

• if the principal amount payable at the stated maturity of any debt security of the series will not be determinable as of any one or more dates prior to the stated maturity, the amount which shall be deemed to be the principal amount of such securities as of any such date for any purpose, including the principal amount thereof which shall be due and payable upon any maturity other than the stated maturity or which shall be deemed to be outstanding as of any date prior to the stated maturity (or, in any such case, the manner in which such amount deemed to be the principal amount shall be determined);

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• to add to, change or eliminate any of the provisions of the indentures to such extent as shall be necessary to add any of our subsidiaries as a co-issuer of debt securities of an applicable series; and

• any other terms of the debt securities not inconsistent with the provisions of the indentures, as amended or supplemented.

Unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, the debt securities will be issued in fully-registered form without coupons.

Debt securities may be sold at a substantial discount below their stated principal amount, bearing no interest or interest at a rate which at the time of issuance is below market rates. The applicable prospectus supplement will describe the federal income tax consequences and special considerations applicable to any such debt securities. The debt securities may also be issued as indexed securities or securities denominated in foreign currencies, currency units or composite currencies, as described in more detail in the prospectus supplement relating to any of the particular debt securities. The prospectus supplement relating to specific debt securities will also describe any special considerations and certain additional tax considerations applicable to such debt securities.

Subordination

The prospectus relating to any offering of subordinated debt securities will describe the specific subordination provisions. However, unless otherwise noted in the prospectus supplement, subordinated debt securities will be subordinate and junior in right of payment to any Senior Debt on the terms set forth below:

Under the subordinated indenture, “Senior Debt” means all amounts due on obligations in connection with any of the following, whether outstanding at the date of execution of the subordinated indenture or thereafter incurred or created:

• the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest due on our indebtedness for borrowed money and indebtedness evidenced by securities, debentures, bonds or other similar instruments issued by us (including all mandatory obligations under repurchase agreements for the payment of the repurchase price for the securities purchased pursuant thereto);

• any of our obligations as lessee under leases required to be capitalized on the balance sheet of the lessee under generally accepted accounting principles;

• all of our obligations for the reimbursement on any letter of credit, banker’s acceptance, security purchase facility or similar credit transaction;

• all of our obligations in respect of interest rate swap, cap or other agreements, interest rate future or options contracts, currency swap agreements, currency future or option contracts and other similar agreements;

• all obligations of the types referred to above of other persons for the payment of which we are responsible or liable as obligor, guarantor or otherwise; and

• all obligations of the types referred to above of other persons secured by any lien on any property or asset of ours (whether or not such obligation is assumed by us).

However, Senior Debt does not include:

• any indebtedness which expressly provides that such indebtedness shall not be senior in right of payment to the subordinated debt securities, or that such indebtedness shall be subordinated to any other of our indebtedness, unless such indebtedness expressly provides that such indebtedness shall be senior in right of payment to the subordinated debt securities;

• any of our indebtedness in respect of the subordinated debt securities;

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• any indebtedness or liability for compensation to employees, for goods or materials purchased in the ordinary course of business or for services;

• any of our indebtedness to any subsidiary; or

• any liability for federal, state, local or other taxes owed or owing by us.

Senior Debt shall continue to be Senior Debt and be entitled to the benefits of the subordination provisions irrespective of any amendment, modification or waiver of any term of such Senior Debt.

If we default in the payment of any principal of (or premium, if any) or interest on any Senior Debt when it becomes due and payable, whether at maturity or at a date fixed for prepayment or by declaration or otherwise, then, unless and until such default is cured or waived or ceases to exist, we will make no direct or indirect payment (in cash, property, securities, by set-off or otherwise but excluding payments in securities which are subordinate in right of payment to all then outstanding Senior Debt, or “Junior Securities”) in respect of the principal of or interest on the subordinated debt securities or in respect of any redemption, retirement, purchase or other acquisition of any of the subordinated debt securities.

In the event of the acceleration of the maturity of any subordinated debt securities, the holders of all senior debt securities outstanding at the time of such acceleration, subject to any security interest, will first be entitled to receive payment in full of all amounts due on the senior debt securities before the holders of the subordinated debt securities will be entitled to receive any payment of principal (and premium, if any) or interest on the subordinated debt securities.

If any of the following events occur, we will pay in full all Senior Debt before we make any payment or distribution under the subordinated debt securities, whether in cash, securities or other property, to any holder of subordinated debt securities:

• any dissolution or winding-up or liquidation or reorganization of Par Pacific Holdings, Inc. (or relating to our property), whether voluntary or involuntary or in bankruptcy, insolvency or receivership;

• any general assignment by us for the benefit of creditors; or

• any other marshaling of our assets or liabilities.

In such event, any payment or distribution under the subordinated debt securities, whether in cash, securities or other property, which would otherwise (but for the subordination provisions) be payable or deliverable in respect of the subordinated debt securities, will be paid or delivered directly to the holders of Senior Debt in accordance with the priorities then existing among such holders until all Senior Debt has been paid in full. If any payment or distribution under the subordinated debt securities is received by the trustee of any subordinated debt securities in contravention of any of the terms of the subordinated indenture and before all the Senior Debt has been paid in full (other than permitted payments in Junior Securities), such payment or distribution or security will be received in trust for the benefit of, and paid over or delivered and transferred to, the holders of the Senior Debt at the time outstanding in accordance with the priorities then existing among such holders for application to the payment of all Senior Debt remaining unpaid to the extent necessary to pay all such Senior Debt in full.

The subordinated indenture does not limit the issuance of additional Senior Debt.

Subsidiary Guarantees

If specified in the prospectus supplement, our guarantor subsidiaries will guarantee the non-convertible debt securities of a series. Unless otherwise indicated in the prospectus supplement, the following provisions will apply to the guarantees of the guarantor subsidiaries.

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Subject to the limitations described below and in the prospectus supplement, the guarantor subsidiaries will, jointly and severally, fully and unconditionally guarantee the punctual payment when due, whether at the maturity date, by acceleration or otherwise, of all our payment obligations under the indentures and the non-convertible debt securities of a series, whether for principal of, premium, if any, or interest on the non-convertible debt securities or otherwise. The guarantor subsidiaries will also pay all expenses (including reasonable counsel fees and expenses) incurred by the applicable trustee in enforcing any rights under a guarantee with respect to a guarantor subsidiary.

In the case of subordinated non-convertible debt securities, a guarantee of a guarantor subsidiary will be subordinated in right of payment to the senior debt of such guarantor subsidiary on the same basis as the subordinated non-convertible debt securities are subordinated to our senior debt. No payment will be made by any guarantor subsidiary under its guarantee during any period in which payments by us on the subordinated non-convertible debt securities are suspended by the subordination provisions of the subordinated indenture.

Each guarantee of a guarantor subsidiary will be limited to an amount not to exceed the maximum amount that can be guaranteed by the relevant guarantor subsidiary without rendering such guarantee voidable under applicable law relating to fraudulent conveyance or fraudulent transfer or similar laws affecting the rights of creditors generally.

Each guarantee of a guarantor subsidiary will be a continuing guarantee and will:

• remain in full force and effect until either (a) payment in full of all the applicable non-convertible debt securities (or such non-convertible debt securities are otherwise satisfied and discharged in accordance with the provisions of the applicable indenture) or (b) released as described in the following paragraph;

• be binding upon each guarantor subsidiary; and

• inure to the benefit of and be enforceable by the applicable trustee, the holders of the non-convertible debt securities and their successors, transferees and assigns.

In the event that a guarantor subsidiary ceases to be our subsidiary, or all or substantially all of the assets or all of the capital stock of any guarantor subsidiary is sold or disposed of, including by way of sale, merger, consolidation or otherwise, such guarantor subsidiary will be released and discharged of its obligations under its guarantee without any further action required on the part of the trustee or any holder of the non-convertible debt securities, and no other person acquiring or owning the assets or capital stock of such guarantor subsidiary will be required to enter into a guarantee. If legal or covenant defeasance occurs with respect to the non-convertible debt securities of any series, all the guarantor subsidiaries will be released and discharged from their obligations under their guarantees. In addition, the prospectus supplement may specify additional circumstances under which a guarantor subsidiary can be released from its guarantee.

Consolidation, Merger, Sale of Assets and Other Transactions

We may not merge with or into or consolidate with another entity or sell, assign, transfer, lease or convey all or substantially all of our properties and assets to, any other entity other than a direct or indirect wholly owned subsidiary of ours, and no entity may merge with or into or consolidate with us or, except for any direct or indirect wholly owned subsidiary of ours, sell, assign, transfer, lease or convey all or substantially all of its properties and assets to us, unless:

• we are the surviving corporation or the entity formed by or surviving such merger or consolidation or to which such sale, assignment, transfer, lease or conveyance has been made, if other than us, has expressly assumed by supplemental indenture all of our obligations under the applicable indenture;

• immediately after giving effect to such transaction, no default or Event of Default has occurred and is continuing; and

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• we deliver to the trustee an officers’ certificate and an opinion of counsel, each stating that the supplemental indenture complies with the applicable indenture.

Events of Default, Notice and Waiver

Unless an accompanying prospectus supplement states otherwise, the following shall constitute “Events of Default” under the indentures with respect to each series of debt securities:

• our failure to pay any interest on any debt security of such series when due and payable, continued for 30 days;

• our failure to pay principal (or premium, if any) on any debt security of such series when due, regardless of whether such payment became due because of maturity, redemption, acceleration or otherwise, or is required by any sinking fund established with respect to such series;

• our failure to observe or perform any other of our covenants or agreements with respect to such debt securities for 90 days after we receive notice of such failure;

• certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization of Par Pacific Holdings, Inc.; and

• any other Event of Default provided with respect to securities of that series.

If an Event of Default with respect to any debt securities of any series outstanding under an indenture shall occur and be continuing, the trustee under such indenture or the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the debt securities of that series outstanding may declare, by notice as provided in the applicable indenture, the principal amount (or such lesser amount as may be provided for in the debt securities of that series) of all the debt securities of that series outstanding to be due and payable immediately.

However, in the case of an Event of Default involving certain events in bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization, acceleration is automatic. After such acceleration, but before a judgment or decree based on acceleration, the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series may, under certain circumstances, rescind and annul such acceleration if all Events of Default, other than the nonpayment of accelerated principal, have been cured or waived. Upon the acceleration of the maturity of original issue discount securities, an amount less than the principal amount thereof will become due and payable. Please read the prospectus supplement relating to any original issue discount securities for the particular provisions relating to acceleration of maturity thereof.

Any past default under either indenture with respect to debt securities of any series, and any Event of Default arising therefrom, may be waived by the holders of a majority in principal amount of all debt securities of such series outstanding under such indenture, except in the case of (i) default in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest on any debt securities of such series or (ii) default in respect of a covenant or provision which may not be amended or modified without the consent of the holder of each outstanding debt security of such series affected.

The trustee is required within 90 days after the occurrence of a default (which is known to the trustee and is continuing), with respect to the debt securities of any series (without regard to any grace period or notice requirements), to give to the holders of the debt securities of such series notice of such default.

The trustee, subject to its duties during default to act with the required standard of care, may require indemnification by the holders of the debt securities of any series with respect to which a default has occurred before proceeding to exercise any right or power under the indentures at the request of the holders of the debt securities of such series. Subject to such right of indemnification and to certain other limitations, the holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of any series under either indenture may direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the trustee, or exercising any

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trust or power conferred on the trustee with respect to the debt securities of such series, provided that such direction shall not be in conflict with any rule of law or with the applicable indenture and the trustee may take any other action deemed proper by the trustee which is not inconsistent with such direction.

No holder of a debt security of any series may institute any action against us under either of the indentures (except actions for payment of overdue principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on such debt security or for the conversion or exchange of such debt security in accordance with its terms) unless:

• an Event of Default has occurred and the holder has given to the trustee written notice of an Event of Default and of the continuance thereof with respect to the debt securities of such series specifying an Event of Default, as required under the applicable indenture;

• the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the debt securities of that series then outstanding under such indenture shall have requested the trustee to institute such action and offered to the trustee indemnity satisfactory to it against the costs, expenses and liabilities to be incurred in compliance with such request;

• the trustee shall not have instituted such action within 60 days of such request; and

• no direction inconsistent with such written request has been given to the trustee during such 60-day period by the holders of a majority in principal amount of the debt securities of that series.

We are required to furnish annually to the trustee statements as to our compliance with all conditions and covenants under each indenture.

Discharge, Defeasance and Covenant Defeasance

As set forth below, we may discharge or defease our obligations under the indentures, unless otherwise indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement.

We may discharge certain obligations to holders of any series of debt securities issued under either the senior indenture or the subordinated indenture which have not already been delivered to the trustee for cancellation and which have either become due and payable or are by their terms due and payable within one year (or scheduled for redemption within one year) by irrevocably depositing with the trustee money in an amount sufficient to pay and discharge the entire indebtedness on such debt securities not previously delivered to the trustee for cancellation, for principal and any premium and interest to the date of such deposit (in the case of debt securities which have become due and payable) or to the stated maturity or redemption date, as the case may be, and we have paid all other sums payable under the applicable indenture.

If indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, we may elect either (i) to defease and be discharged from any and all obligations with respect to the debt securities of or within any series (except as otherwise provided in the relevant indenture) (“legal defeasance”) or (ii) to be released from our obligations with respect to certain covenants applicable to the debt securities of or within any series (“covenant defeasance”), upon the deposit with the relevant indenture trustee, in trust for such purpose, of money and/or government obligations which through the payment of principal and interest in accordance with their terms will provide money in an amount sufficient to pay the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on such debt securities to maturity or redemption, as the case may be, and any mandatory sinking fund or analogous payments thereon. As a condition to legal defeasance or covenant defeasance, we must deliver to the trustee an opinion of counsel to the effect that the holders of such debt securities will not recognize income, gain or loss for federal income tax purposes as a result of such legal defeasance or covenant defeasance and will be subject to federal income tax on the same amounts and in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such legal defeasance or covenant defeasance had not occurred. Such opinion of counsel, in the case of legal defeasance under clause (i) above, must refer to and be based upon a ruling of the Internal Revenue Service or a change in applicable federal income tax law occurring after the date of the relevant indenture. In addition, in the case of either legal

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defeasance or covenant defeasance, we shall have delivered to the trustee an officers’ certificate and an opinion of counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent with respect to such legal defeasance or covenant defeasance have been complied with.

We may exercise our legal defeasance option with respect to such debt securities notwithstanding our prior exercise of our covenant defeasance option.

Modification and Waiver

Under each indenture, we and the applicable trustee may supplement the indenture for certain purposes which would not materially adversely affect the interests or rights of the holders of debt securities of a series without the consent of those holders. We and the applicable trustee may also modify the indenture or any supplemental indenture in a manner that affects the interests or rights of the holders of debt securities with the consent of the holders of at least a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of each affected series issued under the indenture. However, each indenture requires the consent of each holder of debt securities that would be affected by any modification which would:

• change the fixed maturity of any debt securities of any series, or reduce the principal amount thereof, or reduce the rate or extend the time of payment of interest thereon, or reduce any premium payable upon the redemption thereof;

• reduce the amount of principal of an original issue discount debt security or any other debt security payable upon acceleration of the maturity thereof;

• change the currency in which any debt security or any premium or interest is payable;

• impair the right to enforce any payment on or with respect to any debt security;

• reduce the percentage in principal amount of outstanding debt securities of any series, the consent of whose holders is required for modification or amendment of the indenture or for waiver of compliance with certain provisions of the indenture or for waiver of certain defaults; or

• modify any of the above provisions.

Each indenture permits the holders of at least a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of any series issued under the indenture which is affected by the modification or amendment to waive our compliance with certain covenants contained in the indenture.

Payment and Paying Agent

Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement:

• payment of interest on a debt security on any interest payment date will be made to the person in whose name a debt security is registered at the close of business on the record date for the interest;

• principal, interest and premium on the debt securities of a particular series will be payable at the office of such paying agent or paying agents as we may designate for such purpose from time to time. Notwithstanding the foregoing, at our option, payment of any interest may be made by check mailed to the address of the person entitled thereto as such address appears in the security register;

• a paying agent designated by us will act as paying agent for payments with respect to debt securities of each series. All paying agents initially designated by us for the debt securities of a particular series will be named in the applicable prospectus supplement. We may at any time designate additional paying agents or rescind the designation of any paying agent or approve a change in the office through which any paying agent acts, except that we will be required to maintain a paying agent in each place of payment for the debt securities of a particular series; and

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• all monies paid by us to a paying agent for the payment of the principal, interest or premium on any debt security which remain unclaimed at the end of two years after such principal, interest or premium has become due and payable will be repaid to us upon request, and the holder of such debt security thereafter may look only to us for payment thereof.

Denominations, Registrations and Transfer

Unless an accompanying prospectus supplement states otherwise, debt securities will be represented by one or more global certificates registered in the name of a nominee for The Depository Trust Company, or DTC. In such case, each holder’s beneficial interest in the global securities will be shown on the records of DTC or one of its participants and transfers of beneficial interests will only be effected through DTC’s or such participant’s records.

A holder of debt securities may only exchange a beneficial interest in a global security for certificated securities registered in the holder’s name if:

• DTC notifies us that it is unwilling or unable to continue serving as the depositary for the relevant global securities or DTC ceases to maintain certain qualifications under the Exchange Act and no successor depositary has been appointed for 90 days; or

• we determine in our sole discretion, that the global security shall be exchangeable.

If debt securities are issued in certificated form, they will only be issued in the minimum denomination specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement and integral multiples of such denomination. Transfers and exchanges of such debt securities will only be permitted in such minimum denomination. Transfers of debt securities in certificated form may be registered at the trustee’s corporate office or at the offices of any paying agent or trustee appointed by us under the applicable indenture. Exchanges of debt securities for an equal aggregate principal amount of debt securities in different denominations may also be made at such locations.

Governing Law

Each indenture and debt securities will be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the internal laws of the State of New York.

Trustee

Wilmington Trust, National Association will be the trustee under any senior debt securities indenture. Wilmington Trust, National Association or another trustee may be appointed trustee under any subordinated debt securities indenture.

Conversion or Exchange Rights

The prospectus supplement will describe the terms, if any, on which a series of debt securities may be convertible into or exchangeable for our common stock, preferred stock or other debt securities. These terms will include provisions as to whether conversion or exchange is mandatory, at the option of the holder, or at our option. These provisions may allow or require the number of shares of our common stock or other securities to be received by the holders of such series of debt securities to be adjusted.

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DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK

As of December 31, 2018, our authorized capital consisted of 500,000,000 shares of voting common stock, of which approximately 47.0 million shares were issued and outstanding, and 3,000,000 shares of undesignated preferred stock, none of which were outstanding.

In the discussion that follows, we have summarized selected provisions of our certificate of incorporation, bylaws and stockholders agreement, as well as the Warrant Issuance Agreement and Registration Rights Agreement (each as defined below) relating to our capital stock, as well as the registration rights agreement (the “Convertible Notes Registration Rights Agreement”) with respect to the issuance (the “Convertible Notes Offering”) of our 5.00% convertible senior notes due 2021 (the “Convertible Notes”), the registration rights agreement (the “Bridge Notes Registration Rights Agreement”) with respect to the issuance of the 2.50% convertible subordinated bridge notes on September 23, 2016 (the “Bridge Notes”), the registration rights agreement with respect to the Topping Unit Acquisition (the “Topping Unit Registration Rights Agreement”), and the registration rights agreement with respect to the USOR Acquisition (the “USOR Registration Rights Agreement”). You should read our certificate of incorporation, bylaws, stockholders agreement, Warrant Issuance Agreement, Registration Rights Agreement, Convertible Notes Registration Rights Agreement, Bridge Notes Registration Rights Agreement, Topping Unit Registration Rights Agreement and USOR Registration Rights Agreement as currently in effect for more details regarding the provisions we describe below and for other provisions that may be important to you. We have filed copies of those documents with the SEC, and they are incorporated by reference herein. Please read “Where You Can Find More Information.”

Common Stock

Holders of our common stock are entitled to one vote per share in the election of directors and on all other matters submitted to a vote of stockholders. Such holders do not have the right to cumulate their votes in the election of directors. Holders of our common stock have no redemption or conversion rights, no preemptive or other rights to subscribe for our securities and are not entitled to the benefits of any sinking fund provisions. In the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding-up, holders of our common stock are entitled to share equally and ratably in all of the assets remaining, if any, after satisfaction of all our debts and liabilities, and of the preferential rights of any series of preferred stock then outstanding. Subject to preferences that may be applicable to any then outstanding preferred stock, holders of our common stock are entitled to receive dividends when, as and if declared by the Company’s board of directors (the “Board”) out of funds legally available therefor.

Our certificate of incorporation contains restrictions on the transfer of the Company Securities (as defined therein, and which includes our common stock) by holders who are, or would become as a result of such transfer, a holder of at least 5% of our common stock (a “5% Shareholder”). Such restrictions were put in place in order to preserve our net operating loss carryovers, capital loss carryovers, general business credit carryovers, alternative minimum tax credit carryovers and foreign tax credit carryovers, as well as any “net unrealized built-in loss” within the meaning of Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.

On November 10, 2014, as permitted by the terms of Article 11 of our certificate of incorporation, we entered into the Allocation Agreement with Zell Credit Opportunities Master Fund, L.P. (“ZCOF”), ZCOF Par Petroleum Holdings, L.L.C. and Whitebox Multi-Strategy Partners, L.P. to reallocate the proportionate amount of our common stock that the 5% Shareholders are permitted to transfer among our remaining 5% Shareholders. In accordance with Article 11 of our certificate of incorporation, the Board has approved, on a prospective basis, one or more Transfers (as defined in our certificate of incorporation) of shares of our common stock by the remaining 5% Shareholders up to the new allocation amounts included on a schedule to the Allocation Agreement.

Warrants

On August 31, 2012, pursuant to the terms of a warrant issuance agreement (the “Warrant Issuance Agreement”), we issued warrants (the “Warrants”) to purchase up to an aggregate of 959,213 shares (the

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“Warrant Shares”) of our common stock. The holders of the Warrants are entitled to purchase Warrant Shares at an exercise price of $0.09 per share, subject to certain adjustments from time to time. The Warrants expire on the earlier of August 31, 2022 or the occurrence of certain merger or consolidation transactions. At December 31, 2018, Warrants to purchase an aggregate of 354,350 Warrant Shares were outstanding.

The number of shares of our common stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrants and the exercise prices of the Warrants will be adjusted in connection with certain issuances or sales of shares of our common stock and convertible securities, or any subdivision, reclassification or combinations of common stock, as set forth in the Warrant Issuance Agreement. Additionally, in the case of any reclassification or capital reorganization of our capital stock, the holder of each Warrant outstanding immediately prior to the occurrence of such reclassification or reorganization shall have the right to receive upon exercise of the applicable Warrant, the kind and amount of stock, other securities, cash or other property that such holder would have received if such Warrant had been exercised.

Preferred Stock

The Board is authorized to establish one or more series of preferred stock and to determine, with respect to any series of preferred stock, the powers, designation, preferences and rights of each series and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of each series, including:

• the designation of the series and the number of shares to constitute the series;

• the dividend rate of the series, the conditions and dates upon which such dividends shall be payable, the relation which such dividends shall bear to the dividends payable on any other class or classes of stock, and whether such dividends shall be cumulative or noncumulative;

• whether the shares of the series shall be subject to redemption by the Company and, if made subject to such redemption, the times, prices and other terms and conditions of such redemption;

• the terms and amount of any sinking fund provided for the purchase or redemption of the shares of the series;

• whether or not the shares of the series shall be convertible into or exchangeable for shares of any other class or classes or of any other series of any class or classes of stock of the Company, and, if provision be made for conversion or exchange, the times, prices, rates, adjustments and other terms and conditions of such conversion or exchange;

• the extent, if any, to which the holders of the shares of the series shall be entitled to vote with respect to the election of directors or otherwise;

• the restrictions, if any, on the issue or reissue of any additional preferred stock; and

• rights of the holders of the shares of the series upon the dissolution, liquidation, or winding up of the Company.

The prospectus supplement relating to any series of preferred stock we offer will include specific terms relating to the offering. The description of the terms of the preferred stock to be set forth in an applicable prospectus supplement will not be complete and will be subject to and qualified by the certificate of designation relating to the applicable series of preferred stock. You should read that document for provisions that may be important to you. We will include that document as an exhibit to a filing with the Commission in connection with an offering of preferred stock.

The authorized shares of preferred stock, as well as shares of common stock, are available for issuance without further action by our stockholders, unless stockholder action is required by the rules of any stock exchange or automated quotation system on which our securities are listed or traded. If the approval of our stockholders is not required for the issuance of shares of preferred stock or common stock, the Board may determine not to seek stockholder approval.

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Although the Board has no intention at the present time of doing so, it could issue a series of preferred stock that could, depending on the terms of that series, impede the completion of a merger, tender offer or other takeover attempt. The Board will make any determination to issue shares based on its judgment as to our best interests and the best interests of our stockholders. The Board, in so acting, could issue preferred stock having terms that could discourage an acquisition attempt, including a tender offer or other transaction that some, or a majority of, our stockholders might believe to be in their best interests or that might result in stockholders receiving a premium for their stock over the then current market price of the stock.

Anti-Takeover Provisions

As noted above, because our stockholders do not have cumulative voting rights, stockholders holding a majority of the shares of common stock outstanding will be able to elect all of our directors. Our certificate of incorporation and our bylaws provide that only the chairman of the Board, the chief executive officer, or any officer upon the written request of a majority of the Board, may call a special meeting of the stockholders.

Our certificate of incorporation requires a 66 2/3% stockholder vote for the amendment or repeal of certain provisions of the certificate of incorporation relating to the liability of directors, indemnification of officers and directors, and the transfer restrictions noted above. Our bylaws require a 66 2/3% stockholder vote for the amendment or repeal of certain provisions of the bylaws. The combination of the lack of cumulative voting and the 66 2/3% stockholder voting requirements will make it more difficult for existing stockholders to replace the Board as well as for another party to obtain control of us by replacing the Board. Because the Board has the power to retain and discharge our officers, these provisions could also make it more difficult for existing stockholders or another party to effect a change in management. In addition, the authorization of undesignated preferred stock makes it possible for the Board to issue preferred stock with voting or other rights or preferences that could impede the success of any attempt to change control of us.

These provisions may have the effect of deterring hostile takeovers or delaying changes in control or management of us. These provisions are intended to enhance the likelihood of continued stability in the composition of the Board and its policies and to discourage certain types of transactions that may involve an actual or threatened acquisition of us. These provisions are designed to reduce our vulnerability to an unsolicited acquisition proposal. The provisions also are intended to discourage certain tactics that may be used in proxy fights. However, such provisions could have the effect of discouraging others from making tender offers for our shares and, as a consequence, they also may inhibit fluctuations in the market price of our shares that could result from actual or rumored takeover attempts. Such provisions may also have the effect of preventing changes in our management.

As noted above, our certificate of incorporation contains restrictions on the transfer of Company Securities by holders who are, or would become as a result of such transfer, 5% Shareholders. These restrictions on transfer may have the effect of preserving effective control of us by our principal stockholders and preserving the tenure of the board of directors and management.

In addition, we are subject to Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law (the “DGCL”) which prohibits a Delaware corporation from engaging in any business combination with any interested stockholder for a period of three years after the date that such stockholder became an interested stockholder, with the following exceptions:

• before such date, the Board of the corporation approved either the business combination or the transaction that resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested holder;

• upon completion of the transaction that resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder, the interested stockholder owned at least 85% of the voting stock of the corporation outstanding at the time the transaction began, excluding for purposes of determining the voting stock outstanding (but not the outstanding voting stock owned by the interested stockholder) those shares owned (i) by persons

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who are directors and also officers and (ii) employee stock plans in which employee participants do not have the right to determine confidentially whether shares held subject to the plan will be tendered in a tender or exchange offer; or

• on or after such date, the business combination is approved by the Board and authorized at an annual or special meeting of the stockholders, and not by written consent, by the affirmative vote of at least 66 2/3% of the outstanding voting stock that is not owned by the interested stockholder.

In general, Section 203 of the DGCL defines business combination to include the following:

• any merger or consolidation involving the corporation and the interested stockholder;

• any sale, transfer, pledge or other disposition of 10% or more of the assets of the corporation involving the interested stockholder;

• subject to certain exceptions, any transaction that results in the issuance or transfer by the corporation of any stock of the corporation to the interested stockholder;

• any transaction involving the corporation that has the effect of increasing the proportionate share of the stock or any class or series of the corporation beneficially owned by the interested stockholder; or

• the receipt by the interested stockholder of the benefit of any loss, advances, guarantees, pledges or other financial benefits by or through the corporation.

In general, Section 203 of the DGCL defines an “interested stockholder” as an entity or person who, together with the person’s affiliates and associates, beneficially owns, or is an affiliate or associate of the corporation and within three years prior to the time of determination of interested stockholder status did own, 15% or more of the outstanding voting stock of the corporation.

Stockholders Agreement

We entered into a stockholders agreement in April 2015 for the benefit of the holders of any of our securities entitled to vote for members of the Board providing that in the event that we are no longer required to file annual and quarterly reports with the SEC, we will provide, as soon as reasonably practicable, comparable audited reports on an annual basis, unaudited reports on a quarterly basis (which annual and quarterly reports shall contain substantially similar descriptions of business and management discussion and analysis provisions as are then required to be included in relevant filings with the SEC), and earnings releases on a quarterly basis, made available to such holders through a secure website and subject to a standard click-through access and confidentiality agreement.

Registration Rights Agreements

Registration Rights Agreement

The company and certain of our stockholders (the “Rights Holders”), including affiliates of ZCOF and Whitebox Advisors, LLC (“Whitebox”), are parties to a registration rights agreement (the “Registration Rights Agreement”) providing the Rights Holders with certain registration rights.

Pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement, among other things, any Rights Holder or group of Rights Holders that, together with its or their affiliates, holds more than fifteen percent (15%) of the Registrable Shares (as defined in the Registration Rights Agreement), will have the right to require the Company to file with the SEC, a registration statement on Form S-1 or S-3, or any other appropriate form under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act for a public offering of all or part of its Registrable Shares (a “Demand Registration”) by delivery of written notice to the Company, or a demand request.

Within 90 days after receiving the demand request, we are required to file with the SEC the registration statement, on any form for which we then qualify and which is available for the sale of the Registrable Shares in

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accordance with the intended methods of distribution thereof, with respect to the demand registration. We are required to use commercially reasonable efforts to cause the registration statement to be declared effective as soon as practicable after such filing. We will not be obligated (i) to effect a demand registration within ninety (90) days after the effective date of a previous demand registration, other than for a shelf registration, or (ii) to effect a demand registration unless the demand request is for a number of Registrable Shares with an expected market value that is equal to at least (x) $15 million as of the date of such demand request or is for one hundred percent of the demanding holders of Registrable Shares with respect to any demand registration made on Form S-1 or (y) $5 million as of the date of such demand request with respect to any demand registration made on Form S-3.

Upon receipt of any demand request, we are required to give written notice, within ten (10) days of such demand request, to all other holders of Registrable Shares, who will have the right to elect to include in any subsequent demand registration such portion of their Registrable Shares as they may request, subject to certain exceptions.

In addition, subject to certain exceptions, if we propose to register any class of our common stock for sale to the public, we are required, subject to certain conditions, to include all Registrable Shares with respect to which the Company has received written requests for inclusion.

The rights of a holder of Registrable Shares may be transferred, assigned or otherwise conveyed to any transferee or assignee of such Registrable Shares, subject to applicable state and federal securities laws and regulations and our certificate of incorporation. We will be responsible for expenses relating to the registrations contemplated by the Registration Rights Agreement.

The registration rights granted in the Registration Rights Agreement are subject to customary indemnification and contribution provisions, as well as customary restrictions such as suspension periods and, if a registration is for an underwritten offering, limitations on the number of shares to be included in the underwritten offering imposed by the managing underwriter.

Pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement, a registration statement relating to resales by affiliates of ZCOF and Whitebox of the shares received by them in connection with our emergence from bankruptcy on August 31, 2012 was declared effective by the SEC on June 23, 2015.

Convertible Notes Offering Registration Rights

In connection with the closing of the Convertible Notes Offering, we entered into a registration rights agreement with the initial purchasers under which we agreed for the benefit of the holders of the Convertible Notes and any shares of our common stock issuable upon conversion of the Convertible Notes or in respect of any make-whole premium that we will, at our cost:

• file a shelf registration statement (which shall be an automatic shelf registration statement if we are then a well-known seasoned issuer (“WKSI”)) with the SEC as soon as practicable following the first date of original issuance of the Convertible Notes and in any event on or prior to the 90th day after the first date of original issuance of the Convertible Notes, covering resales of any shares of our common stock issuable upon conversion of the Convertible Notes and in respect of any make-whole premium;

• if we are not a WKSI on such 90th day, use our best efforts to cause the shelf registration statement to become effective within 180 days after the first date of original issuance of the Convertible Notes; and

• use our best efforts to keep the shelf registration statement effective until the earlier of (1) the 120th calendar day immediately following the maturity date or (2) the date on which there are no longer outstanding any Convertible Notes or “restricted” (within the meaning of Rule 144) shares of our common stock that have been received upon conversion of the Convertible Notes or in respect of any make-whole premium.

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The registration statement required by the terms of the Convertible Notes Registration Rights Agreement was declared effective by the SEC on November 30, 2016.

We may suspend the effectiveness of the shelf registration statement or the use of the prospectus that is part of the shelf registration statement during specified periods under certain circumstances relating to pending corporate developments, public filings with the SEC and similar events. We need not specify the nature of the event giving rise to a suspension in any suspension notice to holders of the Convertible Notes. Each holder, by its acceptance of the Convertible Notes, agrees to hold any such suspension notice in response to a notice of a proposed sale in confidence. Except in the case of a suspension period as the result of the filing of a post-effective amendment solely to add additional selling security holders, any suspension period may not exceed an aggregate of:

• 30 days in any 90-day period; or

• 60 days in any 360-day period.

However, if the disclosure relates to a proposed or pending material business transaction, the disclosure of which the Board determines in good faith would be reasonably likely to impede our ability to consummate such transaction, or would otherwise be seriously detrimental to us and our subsidiaries taken as a whole, we may extend the suspension period from 30 days to 45 days in any 90-day period or from 60 days to 90 days in any 360-day period.

Each of the following is a registration default:

• the registration statement has not been filed (and become effective upon such filing if we are then a WKSI) prior to or on the 90th day following the first date of original issuance of the Convertible Notes;

• if we are not a WKSI on such 90th day, the registration statement has not been declared effective prior to or on the 180th day following the first date of original issuance of the Convertible Notes;

• we have not, through our omission, named as a selling securityholder in the prospectus, a prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment a holder who has supplied the questionnaire described below and who is entitled to be so named as a selling securityholder within the required time periods as described below; or

• at any time after the effectiveness date, the registration statement ceases to be effective or is not usable and (1) we do not cure the lapse of effectiveness or usability within ten business days by a post-effective amendment, prospectus supplement or report filed under the Exchange Act (other than (a) in the case of a suspension period described in the preceding paragraph or (b) in the case of a suspension of the registration statement as the result of the filing of a post-effective amendment solely to add additional selling securityholders), (2) a suspension period, when aggregated with other suspension periods during the prior 90-day period, continues, unterminated, for more than 30 days or, if applicable, 45 days or (3) a suspension period, when aggregated with other suspension periods during the prior 360-day period, continues, unterminated, for more than 60 days or, if applicable, 90 days.

If a registration default occurs, predetermined liquidated damages will accrue on the Convertible Notes, from, and including, the day following such registration default to, but excluding, the earlier of (1) the day on which such registration default has been cured and (2) the date the registration statement is no longer required to be kept effective for our common stock. The liquidated damages will be paid to those entitled to interest payments on such dates semiannually in arrears on each June 15 and December 15 and will accrue at a rate per year equal to:

• 0.25% of the principal amount of the Convertible Notes to, and including, the 90th day following such registration default; and

• 0.50% of the principal amount of the Convertible Notes from, and after, the 91st day following such registration default.

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We will not pay liquidated damages on any Convertible Note after it has been converted into shares of our common stock. If a Convertible Note ceases to be outstanding during a registration default (as a result of the holder exercising its conversion rights or otherwise), we will prorate the liquidated damages to be paid with respect to that Convertible Note.

In no event will liquidated damages exceed 0.50% per year. If a holder converts some or all of its Convertible Notes and we issue any shares of our common stock to satisfy all or any portion of our conversion obligation or if we issue any shares of our common stock in respect of any make-whole premium, in each case, when there exists a registration default, such holder will not be entitled to receive liquidated damages on such common stock, and we will instead increase the conversion rate or the amount of such make-whole premium, as the case may be, by 3% for each $1,000 principal amount of Convertible Notes. If a registration default occurs after a holder has converted its Convertible Notes into shares of our common stock or after we have issued shares of our common stock in respect of any make-whole premium, such holder will not be entitled to any compensation with respect to such common stock. Other than our obligations to pay liquidated damages, we will not have any liability for damages with respect to a registration default on any registrable securities.

A holder who elects to sell securities under the shelf registration statement will:

• be required to be named as a selling securityholder in the related prospectus;

• be required to deliver a prospectus to purchasers;

• be subject to the civil liability provisions under the Securities Act in connection with any sales; and

• be subject to the provisions of the registration rights agreement, including indemnification provisions.

Under the registration rights agreement, we will:

• pay all expenses of the shelf registration statement;

• provide each registered holder with copies of the prospectus;

• notify holders when the shelf registration statement has become effective; and

• take other reasonable actions as are required to permit unrestricted resales of shares of our common stock issued upon conversion of the Convertible Notes or in respect of any make-whole premium in accordance with the terms and conditions of the registration rights agreement.

Bridge Notes Registration Rights

In connection with the issuance of the Bridge Notes, we entered into the Bridge Notes Registration Rights Agreement with the purchasers of the Bridge Notes (the “Bridge Notes Purchasers”). The Bridge Notes Registration Rights Agreement required us (i) to file, no later November 11, 2016, with the SEC a shelf registration statement covering resales of the shares of our common stock, if any, issuable upon (1) conversion of the Bridge Notes, (2) exercise of subscription rights by any Bridge Note Purchaser or its affiliates pursuant to our 2016 subscription rights offering, and (3) a stock dividend or stock split or in connection with any combination of shares, recapitalization, merger, consolidation or other reorganization, other than shares freely tradeable without any limitations or restrictions under the Securities Act, (ii) to use our commercially reasonable efforts to cause such shelf registration statement to be declared effective by the SEC no later than (A) January 6, 2017 or (B) if earlier, five business days after the date on which the SEC informs us that it will not review the shelf registration statement, and (iii) to use our commercially reasonable efforts to keep such shelf registration statement effective until the earlier of (A) the date on which all of such shares have been sold, (B) the date on which such shares may be sold without volume restrictions under Rule 144 of the Securities Act, or (C) the third anniversary of the effective date of such shelf registration statement.

If we do not fulfill our obligations under the Bridge Notes Registration Rights Agreement with respect to the filing deadline, effectiveness deadline or effectiveness period of a registration statement, we will be required to

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pay the holders of the Bridge Notes liquidated damages in an amount in cash equal to 1.00% of such holder’s “Allocated Purchase Price,” which is the amount effectively paid by such holder for the common stock acquired upon conversion of the Bridge Notes, per calendar month or portion thereof prior to the cure of such event of default. The maximum payment of liquidated damages to any such holder associated with all events of default will not exceed 5.00% of such holder’s Allocated Purchase Price.

The registration statement required by the terms of the Bridge Notes Registration Rights Agreement was declared effective by the SEC on December 21, 2016.

Topping Unit Registration Rights Agreement

In connection with the Topping Unit Acquisition, we entered into the Topping Unit Registration Rights Agreement with IES. Under the Topping Unit Registration Rights Agreement, we agreed to file with the SEC within three (3) days after the closing date of the Topping Unit Acquisition and to use our commercially reasonable efforts to cause to become effective a registration statement relating to the resales of the common stock issued in connection with the Topping Unit Acquisition (the “Topping Unit Shares”), with an effectiveness deadline as promptly as practicable after filing of the prospectus relating to the registration statement, but in no event later than (x) ninety (90) days after the closing of the Topping Unit Acquisition, or (y) if earlier, three (3) business days after the date on which the SEC informs us (I) that the SEC will not review the registration statement or (II) that we may request acceleration of the effectiveness of the registration statement. We also agreed to use our commercially reasonable efforts to keep the registration statement effective until the earliest to occur of (i) the disposition of the Topping Unit Shares, (ii) the availability under Rule 144 for each holder of the Topping Unit Shares to immediately freely resell such Topping Unit Shares without notice, current information, manner of sale or volume restrictions or (iii) the fifth anniversary of the effective date of the registration statement.

The registration statement required by the Topping Unit Registration Rights Agreement was filed with the SEC on December 21, 2018.

USOR Registration Rights Agreement

In connection with the USOR Acquisition, we entered into the USOR Registration Rights Agreement with Trailstone Seller. Under the USOR Registration Rights Agreement, we agreed to file with the SEC within five (5) days after the closing date of the USOR Acquisition and to use our commercially reasonable efforts to cause to become effective a registration statement relating to the resales of 2,363,776 shares of our common stock issued in connection with the USOR Acquisition (the “USOR Shares”), with an effectiveness deadline as promptly as practicable after filing of the prospectus relating to the registration statement, but in no event later than (x) sixty (60) days after the closing of the USOR Acquisition, or (y) if earlier, five (5) business days after the on which the SEC informs us (I) that the SEC will not review the registration statement or (II) that we may request the effectiveness of the registration statement and we make such request.

If we do not fulfill our obligations under the USOR Registration Rights Agreement with respect to the filing deadline, effectiveness deadline or effectiveness period of a registration statement that does not relate to an underwritten registration or a piggyback registration, we will be required to pay the holders of the USOR Shares liquidated damages. In addition, the USOR Registration Rights Agreement provides the holders of the USOR Shares with certain customary demand, shelf takedown and piggyback registration rights, subject to certain exceptions and to certain customary limitations (including with respect to minimum offering size and maximum number of demands and underwritten shelf takedowns).

The registration statement required by the USOR Registration Rights Agreement was filed with the SEC on January 16, 2019.

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Listing

Our common stock is quoted on the NYSE under the symbol “PARR.”

Transfer Agent and Registrar

American Stock Transfer & Trust Company is the transfer agent and registrar for our common stock.

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DESCRIPTION OF DEPOSITARY SHARES

General

We may, at our option, elect to have shares of preferred stock be represented by depositary shares. The shares of any series of the preferred stock underlying the depositary shares will be deposited under a separate deposit agreement between us and a bank or trust company selected by us as the depositary. Subject to the terms of the deposit agreement, each owner of a depositary share will be entitled, in proportion to the applicable interest in the number of shares of preferred stock underlying such depositary share, to all the rights and preferences of the preferred stock underlying such depositary share, including dividend, voting, redemption, conversion, exchange and liquidation rights.

The depositary shares will be evidenced by depositary receipts issued pursuant to the deposit agreement, each of which will represent the applicable interest in a number of shares of a particular series of the preferred stock described in the applicable prospectus supplement.

Unless otherwise specified in this prospectus supplement, a holder of depositary shares is not entitled to receive the shares of preferred stock underlying the depositary shares.

Dividends and Other Distributions

The depositary will distribute all cash dividends or other cash distributions received in respect of the preferred stock to the record holders of depositary shares representing such preferred stock in proportion to the numbers of such depositary shares owned by such holders on the relevant record date.

In the event of a distribution other than in cash, the depositary will distribute property received by it to the record holders of depositary shares entitled thereto or the depositary may, with our approval, sell such property and distribute the net proceeds from such sale to such holders.

Redemption of Depositary Shares

If preferred stock underlying the depositary shares is subject to redemption, the depositary shares will be redeemed from the proceeds received by the depositary resulting from the redemption, in whole or in part, of the preferred stock held by the depositary. The redemption price per depositary share will be equal to the aggregate redemption price payable with respect to the number of shares of preferred stock underlying the depositary shares. Whenever we redeem preferred stock from the depositary, the depositary will redeem as of the same redemption date a proportionate number of depositary shares representing the shares of preferred stock that were redeemed. If less than all the depositary shares are to be redeemed, the depositary shares to be redeemed will be selected by lot, pro rata or by another equitable method as may be determined by us.

After the date fixed for redemption, the depositary shares so called for redemption will no longer be deemed to be outstanding and all rights of the holders of the depositary shares will cease, except the right to receive the redemption price payable upon such redemption. Any funds deposited by us with the depositary for any depositary shares which the holders thereof fail to redeem shall be returned to us after a period of two years from the date such funds are so deposited.

Voting

Upon receipt of notice of any meeting or action in lieu of any meeting at which the holders of any shares of preferred stock underlying the depositary shares are entitled to vote, the depositary will mail the information contained in such notice to the record holders of the depositary shares relating to such preferred stock. Each record holder of such depositary shares on the record date (which will be the same date as the record date for the preferred stock) will be entitled to instruct the depositary as to the exercise of the voting rights pertaining to the

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number of shares of preferred stock underlying such holder’s depositary shares. The depositary will endeavor, insofar as practicable, to vote the number of shares of preferred stock underlying such depositary shares in accordance with such instructions, and we will agree to take all action which may be deemed necessary by the depositary in order to enable the depositary to do so.

Amendment of the Depositary Agreement

The form of depositary receipt evidencing the depositary shares and any provision of the deposit agreement may at any time be amended by agreement between us and the depositary, provided, however, that any amendment which materially and adversely alters the rights of the existing holders of depositary shares will not be effective unless such amendment has been approved by at least a majority of the depositary shares then outstanding.

Charges of Depositary

We will pay all transfer and other taxes and governmental charges that arise solely from the existence of the depositary arrangements. We will pay charges of the depositary in connection with the initial deposit of the preferred stock and any exchange or redemption of the preferred stock. Holders of depositary shares will pay all other transfer and other taxes and governmental charges, and, in addition, such other charges as are expressly provided in the deposit agreement to be for their accounts.

Miscellaneous

We, or at our option, the depositary, will forward to the holders of depositary shares all reports and communications from us which we are required to furnish to the holders of preferred stock.

Neither the depositary nor we will be liable if either of us is prevented or delayed by law or any circumstances beyond our control in performing our obligations under the deposit agreement. Our obligations and those of the depositary under the deposit agreement will be limited to performance in good faith of our duties thereunder and we and the depositary will not be obligated to prosecute or defend any legal proceeding in respect of any depositary share or preferred stock unless satisfactory indemnity has been furnished. We and the depositary may rely upon written advice of counsel or accountants, or information provided by persons presenting preferred stock for deposit, holders of depositary shares or other persons believed to be competent and on documents believed to be genuine.

Resignation and Removal of Depositary; Termination of the Deposit Agreement

The depositary may resign at any time by delivering to us notice of its election to do so, and we may at any time remove the depositary, any such resignation or removal to take effect upon the appointment of a successor depositary and its acceptance of such appointment. Such successor depositary will be appointed by us within 60 days after delivery of the notice of resignation or removal. The deposit agreement may be terminated at our direction or by the depositary if a period of 90 days has expired after the depositary has delivered to us written notice of its election to resign and a successor depositary has not been appointed. Upon termination of the deposit agreement, the depositary will discontinue the transfer of depositary receipts, will suspend the distribution of dividends to the holders thereof, and will not give any further notices (other than notice of such termination) or perform any further acts under the deposit agreement except that the depositary will continue to deliver preferred stock certificates, together with such dividends and distributions and the net proceeds of any sales of rights, preferences, privileges or other property in exchange for depositary receipts surrendered. Upon our request, the depositary shall deliver all books, records, certificates evidencing preferred stock, depositary receipts and other documents relating to the subject matter of the depositary agreement to us.

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DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS

We may issue warrants to purchase debt securities, preferred stock, common stock, depositary shares, purchase contracts or units that are registered pursuant to the registration statement to which this prospectus relates. We may issue warrants independently or together with other securities that are registered pursuant to the registration statement to which this prospectus relates. Warrants sold with other securities may be attached to or separate from the other securities. We will issue each series of warrants under a separate warrant agreement between us and a warrant agent that we will name in the prospectus supplement. We will describe additional terms of the warrants and the applicable warrant agreements in the applicable prospectus supplement.

General

If warrants are offered, the prospectus supplement relating to a series of warrants will include the specific terms of the warrants, including:

• the offering price;

• the title of the warrants;

• the aggregate number of warrants offered;

• the dates or periods during which the warrants can be exercised;

• whether the warrants will be issued in individual certificates to holders or in the form of global securities held by a depositary on behalf of holders;

• the designation and terms of any securities with which the warrants are issued;

• if the warrants are issued as a unit with another security, the date, if any, on and after which the warrants and the other security will be separately transferable;

• if the exercise price is not payable in U.S. dollars, the foreign currency, currency unit or composite currency in which the exercise price is denominated;

• any terms, procedures and limitations relating to the transferability, exchange or exercise of the warrants;

• any special tax implications of the warrants or their exercise;

• any antidilution provisions of the warrants;

• any redemption or call provisions applicable to the warrants; and

• any other terms of the warrants.

Transfers and Exchanges

A holder will be able to exchange warrant certificates for new warrant certificates of different denominations, or to transfer warrants, at the corporate trust office of the warrant agent or any other office indicated in the prospectus supplement. Prior to exercise, holders of warrants will have none of the rights of holders of the underlying securities.

Exercise

Holders will be able to exercise warrants up to 5:00 P.M. New York City time on the date set forth in the prospectus supplement as the expiration date.

After this time, unless we have extended the expiration date, the unexercised warrants will be void.

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Subject to any restrictions and additional requirements that may be set forth in a prospectus supplement, holders of warrants may exercise them by delivering to the warrant agent at its corporate trust office the following:

• warrant certificates properly completed; and

• payment of the exercise price.

As soon as practicable after the delivery, we will issue and deliver to the indicated holder the securities purchasable upon exercise. If a holder does not exercise all the warrants represented by a particular certificate, we will also issue a new certificate for the remaining number of warrants.

No Rights of Security Holder Prior to Exercise

Prior to the exercise of their warrants, holders of warrants will not have any of the rights of holders of the securities purchasable upon the exercise of the warrants, and will not be entitled to:

• in the case of warrants to purchase debt securities, payments of principal of, premium, if any, or interest, if any, on the debt securities purchasable upon exercise; or

• in the case of warrants to purchase equity securities, the right to vote or to receive dividend payments or similar distributions on the securities purchasable upon exercise

Enforceability of Rights by Holders of Warrants

Each warrant agent will act solely as our agent under the relevant warrant agreement and will not assume any obligation or relationship of agency or trust for any warrantholder. A single bank or trust company may act as warrant agent for more than one issue of warrants. A warrant agent will have no duty or responsibility if we default in performing our obligations under the relevant warrant agreement or warrant, including any duty or responsibility to initiate any legal proceedings or to make any demand upon us.

Title

We and the warrant agents and any of our respective agents may treat the registered holder of any warrant certificate as the absolute owner of the warrants evidenced by that certificate for any purpose and as the person entitled to exercise the rights attaching to the warrants so requested, despite any notice to the contrary.

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DESCRIPTION OF SUBSCRIPTION RIGHTS

We may issue subscription rights to purchase common stock, preferred stock, depositary shares, other securities described in this prospectus or any combination thereof. These subscription rights may be issued independently or together with any other security offered by us and may or may not be transferable by the securityholder receiving the subscription rights in such offering. In connection with any offering of subscription rights, we may enter into a standby arrangement with one or more underwriters or other investors pursuant to which the underwriters or other investors may be required to purchase any securities remaining unsubscribed for after such offering.

To the extent appropriate, the applicable prospectus supplement will describe the specific terms of the subscription rights to purchase shares of our securities offered thereby, including the following:

• the date of determining the securityholders entitled to the subscription rights distribution;

• the price, if any, for the subscription rights;

• the exercise price payable for the common stock, preferred stock, depositary shares or other securities upon the exercise of the subscription right;

• the number of subscription rights issued to each securityholder;

• the amount of common stock, preferred stock, depositary shares or other securities that may be purchased per each subscription right;

• any provisions for adjustment of the amount of securities receivable upon exercise of the subscription rights or of the exercise price of the subscription rights;

• the extent to which the subscription rights are transferable;

• the date on which the right to exercise the subscription rights shall commence, and the date on which the subscription rights shall expire;

• the extent to which the subscription rights may include an over-subscription privilege with respect to unsubscribed securities;

• the material terms of any standby underwriting or purchase arrangement entered into by us in connection with the offering of subscription rights;

• any applicable federal income tax considerations; and

• any other terms of the subscription rights, including the terms, procedures and limitations relating to the transferability, exchange and exercise of the subscription rights.

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DESCRIPTION OF PURCHASE CONTRACTS

We may issue purchase contracts obligating holders to purchase from us, and us to sell to the holders, a specified number, or amount, of securities at a future date or dates. The purchase contracts may be issued separately or as part of units consisting of a purchase contract and an underlying debt or preferred security covered by this prospectus, U.S. Treasury security or other U.S. government or agency obligation. The holder of the unit may be required to pledge the debt, preferred security, U.S. Treasury security or other U.S. government or agency obligation to secure its obligations under the purchase contract.

If purchase contracts are offered, the prospectus supplement will specify the material terms of the purchase contracts, the units and any applicable pledge or depository arrangements, including one or more of the following:

• the stated amount that a holder will be obligated to pay under the purchase contract in order to purchase the underlying security;

• the settlement date or dates on which the holder will be obligated to purchase the underlying security and whether the occurrence of any events may cause the settlement date to occur on an earlier date and the terms on which any early settlement would occur;

• the events, if any, that will cause our obligations and the obligations of the holder under the purchase contract to terminate;

• the settlement rate, which is a number that, when multiplied by the stated amount of a purchase contract, determines the number, or amount, of securities that we will be obligated to sell and a holder will be obligated to purchase under that purchase contract upon payment of the stated amount of that purchase contract;

• whether the purchase contracts will be issued separately or as part of units consisting of a purchase contract and an underlying debt or preferred security with an aggregate principal amount or liquidation amount equal to the stated amount;

• the type of security, if any, that is pledged by the holder to secure its obligations under a purchase contract;

• the terms of the pledge arrangement relating to the security, including the terms on which distributions or payments of interest and principal on the security will be retained by a collateral agent, delivered to us or be distributed to the holder; and

• the amount of the contract fee, if any, that may be payable by us to the holder or by the holder to us, the date or dates on which the contract fee will be payable and the extent to which we or the holder, as applicable, may defer payment of the contract fee on those payment dates.

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DESCRIPTION OF UNITS

As specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, we may issue units consisting of one or more shares of common stock, shares of preferred stock, warrants, debt securities, subscription rights, purchase contracts or any combination of such securities, including guarantees of non-convertible debt securities. The applicable prospectus supplement will describe:

• the securities comprising the units, including whether and under what circumstances the securities comprising the units may be separately traded;

• the terms and conditions applicable to the units, including a description of the terms of any applicable unit agreement governing the units; and

• a description of the provisions for the payment, settlement, transfer or exchange of the units.

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FORMS OF SECURITIES

We may issue the debt securities, warrants, purchase contracts and units of any series in the form of one or more fully registered global securities that will be deposited with a depositary or with a nominee for a depositary and registered in the name of the depositary or its nominee. In that case, one or more global securities will be issued in a denomination or aggregate denominations equal to the portion of the aggregate principal or face amount of outstanding registered securities of the series to be represented by such global securities. Unless and until the depositary exchanges a global security in whole for securities in definitive registered form, the global security may not be transferred except as a whole by the depositary to a nominee of the depositary or by a nominee of the depositary to the depositary or another nominee of the depositary or by the depositary or any of its nominees to a successor of the depositary or a nominee of such successor.

The specific terms of the depositary arrangement with respect to any portion of a series of securities to be represented by a global security will be described in the prospectus supplement relating to such series. We anticipate that the following provisions will apply to all depositary arrangements.

Ownership of beneficial interests in a global security will be limited to persons that have accounts with the depositary for such global security known as “participants” or persons that may hold interests through such participants.

Upon the issuance of a global security, the depositary for such global security will credit, on its book-entry registration and transfer system, the participants’ accounts with the respective principal or face amounts of the securities represented by the global security beneficially owned by the participants. The accounts to be credited shall be designated by any dealers, underwriters or agents participating in the distribution of such securities.

Ownership of beneficial interests in such global security will be shown on, and the transfer of such ownership interests will be effected only through, records maintained by the depositary for such global security (with respect to interests of participants) and on the records of participants (with respect to interests of persons holding through participants). The laws of some states may require that certain purchasers of securities take physical delivery of such securities in definitive form. Such limits and such laws may impair the ability to own, transfer or pledge beneficial interests in global securities.

So long as the depositary for a global security, or its nominee, is the registered owner of such global security, such depositary or such nominee, as the case may be, will be considered the sole owner or holder of the securities represented by such global security for all purposes under the applicable indenture, warrant agreement, purchase contract or unit agreement. Except as set forth below, owners of beneficial interests in a global security will not be entitled to have the securities represented by such global security registered in their names, will not receive or be entitled to receive physical delivery of such securities in definitive form and will not be considered the owners or holders thereof under the applicable indenture, warrant agreement, purchase contract or unit agreement. Accordingly, each person owning a beneficial interest in a global security must rely on the procedures of the depositary for the global security and, if such person is not a participant, on the procedures of the participant through which such person owns its interest, to exercise any rights of a holder under the applicable indenture, warrant agreement, purchase contract or unit agreement. We understand that under existing industry practices, if we request any action of holders or if an owner of a beneficial interest in a global security desires to give or take any action which a holder is entitled to give or take under the applicable indenture, warrant agreement, purchase contract or unit agreement, the depositary for such global security would authorize the participants holding the relevant beneficial interests to give or take such action, and such participants would authorize beneficial owners owning through such participants to give or take such action or would otherwise act upon the instructions of beneficial owners holding through them.

Principal, premium, if any, and interest payments on debt securities, and any payments to holders with respect to warrants, purchase contracts or units represented by a global security registered in the name of a

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depositary or its nominee will be made to such depositary or its nominee, as the case may be, as the registered owner of such global security. None of us, the trustees, the warrant agents, the unit agents or any of our other agents, agent of the trustees or agent of the warrant agents or unit agents will have any responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records relating to or payments made on account of beneficial ownership interests in such global security or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records relating to such beneficial ownership interests.

We expect that the depositary for any securities represented by a global security, or its nominee, upon receipt of any payment of principal, premium, interest or other distribution of underlying securities or commodities to holders in respect of such global security, will immediately credit participants’ accounts in amounts proportionate to their respective beneficial interests in such global security as shown on the records of such depositary or its nominee. We also expect that payments by participants to owners of beneficial interests in such global security held through such participants will be governed by standing customer instructions and customary practices, as is now the case with the securities held for the accounts of customers in bearer form or registered in “street name,” and will be the responsibility of such participants.

If the depositary for any securities represented by a global security is at any time unwilling or unable to continue as depositary or ceases to be a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act, and we do not appoint a successor depositary registered as a clearing agency under the Exchange Act within 90 days, we will issue such securities in definitive form in exchange for such global security. In addition, we may at any time and in our sole discretion determine not to have any of the securities of a series represented by one or more global securities and, in such event, will issue securities of such series in definitive form in exchange for all of the global security or securities representing such securities. Any securities issued in definitive form in exchange for a global security will be registered in such name or names as the depositary shall instruct the relevant trustee, warrant agent or other relevant agent of ours. We expect that such instructions will be based upon directions received by the depositary from participants with respect to ownership of beneficial interests in such global security.

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PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

We may sell our securities from time to time through underwriters, dealers or agents or directly to purchasers, in one or more transactions at a fixed price or prices, which may be changed, or at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, at prices related to such prevailing market prices or at negotiated prices. We may also sell our securities upon the exercise of subscription rights that may be distributed to security holders. We may use these methods in any combination.

We will describe the terms of the offering of the securities in a prospectus supplement, information incorporated by reference or any related free writing prospectus, including:

• the name or names of any underwriters, if any;

• the purchase price of the securities and the proceeds we will receive from the sale;

• any underwriting discounts and other items constituting underwriters’ compensation;

• any initial public offering price;

• any discounts or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers; and

• any securities exchange or market on which the securities may be listed.

Only underwriters we name in the prospectus supplement, information incorporated by reference or any related free writing prospectus are underwriters of the securities offered thereby.

The distribution of securities may be effected, from time to time, in one or more transactions, including:

• block transactions (which may involve crosses) and transactions on the New York Stock Exchange or any other organized market where the securities may be traded;

• purchases by a broker-dealer as principal and resale by the broker-dealer for its own account pursuant to a prospectus supplement;

• ordinary brokerage transactions and transactions in which a broker-dealer solicits purchasers;

• sales “at the market” to or through a market maker or into an existing trading market, on an exchange or otherwise; and

• sales in other ways not involving market makers or established trading markets, including direct sales to purchasers.

By Underwriters

We may use an underwriter or underwriters in the offer or sale of our securities.

• If we use an underwriter or underwriters, the offered securities will be acquired by the underwriters for their own account.

• We will include the names of the specific managing underwriter or underwriters, as well as any other underwriters, and the terms of the transactions, including the compensation the underwriters and dealers will receive, in the prospectus supplement.

• The underwriters will use this prospectus and the prospectus supplement to sell our securities.

We may also sell securities pursuant to one or more standby agreements with one or more underwriters in connection with the call, redemption or exchange of a specified class or series of any of our outstanding securities. In a standby agreement, the underwriter or underwriters would agree either:

• to purchase from us up to the number of shares of common stock that would be issuable upon conversion or exchange of all the shares of the class or series of our securities at an agreed price per share of common stock; or

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• to purchase from us up to a specified dollar amount of offered securities at an agreed price per offered security, which price may be fixed or may be established by formula or other method and which may or may not relate to market prices of our common stock or any other outstanding security.

The underwriter or underwriters would also agree, if applicable, to convert or exchange any securities of the class or series held or purchased by the underwriter or underwriters into or for our common stock or other security.

The underwriter or underwriters may assist in the solicitation of conversions or exchanges by holders of the class or series of securities.

By Dealers

We may use a dealer to sell our securities.

• If we use a dealer, we, as principal, will sell our securities to the dealer.

• The dealer will then resell our securities to the public at varying prices that the dealer will determine at the time it sells our securities.

• We will include the name of the dealer and the terms of our transactions with the dealer in the prospectus supplement.

If we offer securities in a subscription rights offering to our existing security holders, we may enter into a standby underwriting agreement with dealers, acting as standby underwriters. We may pay the standby underwriters a commitment fee for the securities they commit to purchase on a standby basis. If we do not enter into a standby underwriting arrangement, we may retain a dealer-manager to manage a subscription rights offering for us.

By Agents

We may designate agents to solicit offers to purchase our securities.

• We will name any agent involved in offering or selling our securities and any commissions that we will pay to the agent in the prospectus supplement.

• Unless we indicate otherwise in the prospectus supplement, our agents will act on a best efforts basis for the period of their appointment.

• Our agents may be deemed to be underwriters under the Securities Act of any of our securities that they offer or sell.

By Delayed Delivery Contracts

We may authorize our agents and underwriters to solicit offers by certain institutions to purchase our securities at the public offering price under delayed delivery contracts.

• If we use delayed delivery contracts, we will disclose that we are using them in the prospectus supplement and will tell you when we will demand payment and delivery of the securities under the delayed delivery contracts.

• These delayed delivery contracts will be subject only to the conditions that we set forth in the prospectus supplement.

• We will indicate in the prospectus supplement the commission that underwriters and agents soliciting purchases of our securities under delayed delivery contracts will be entitled to receive.

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Direct Sales

We may directly solicit offers to purchase our securities, and we may directly sell our securities to institutional or other investors, including our affiliates. We will describe the terms of our direct sales in the prospectus supplement. We may also sell our securities upon the exercise of rights which we may issue.

General Information

Underwriters, dealers and agents that participate in the distribution of our securities may be underwriters as defined in the Securities Act, and any discounts or commissions they receive and any profit they make on the resale of the offered securities may be treated as underwriting discounts and commissions under the Securities Act. Any underwriters or agents will be identified and their compensation described in a prospectus supplement. We may indemnify agents, underwriters and dealers against certain civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, or make contributions to payments they may be required to make relating to those liabilities. Our agents, underwriters and dealers, or their affiliates, may be customers of, engage in transactions with or perform services for us in the ordinary course of business.

Each series of securities offered by this prospectus (other than common stock) may be a new issue of securities with no established trading market. Any underwriters to whom securities offered by this prospectus are sold by us for public offering and sale may make a market in the securities offered by this prospectus, but the underwriters will not be obligated to do so and may discontinue any market making at any time without notice. No assurance can be given as to the liquidity of the trading market for any securities offered by this prospectus.

Representatives of the underwriters through whom our securities are sold for public offering and sale may engage in over-allotment, stabilizing transactions, syndicate short covering transactions and penalty bids in accordance with Regulation M under the Exchange Act. Over-allotment involves syndicate sales in excess of the offering size, which creates a syndicate short position. Stabilizing transactions permit bids to purchase the offered securities so long as the stabilizing bids do not exceed a specified maximum.

Syndicate covering transactions involve purchases of the offered securities in the open market after the distribution has been completed in order to cover syndicate short positions. Penalty bids permit the representative of the underwriters to reclaim a selling concession from a syndicate member when the offered securities originally sold by such syndicate member are purchased in a syndicate covering transaction to cover syndicate short positions. Such stabilizing transactions, syndicate covering transactions and penalty bids may cause the price of the offered securities to be higher than it would otherwise be in the absence of such transactions. These transactions may be effected on a national securities exchange and, if commenced, may be discontinued at any time. Underwriters, dealers and agents may be customers of, engage in transactions with or perform services for, us and our subsidiaries in the ordinary course of business.

Fees and Commissions

In compliance with the guidelines of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, or FINRA, the aggregate maximum discount, commission or agency fees or other items constituting underwriting compensation to be received by any FINRA member or independent broker-dealer will not exceed 8% of any offering pursuant to this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement or other offering materials; however, it is anticipated that the maximum commission or discount to be received in any particular offering of securities will be less than this amount.

If 5% or more of the net proceeds of any offering of securities made under this prospectus will be received by a FINRA member participating in the offering or affiliates or associated persons of such FINRA member, the offering will be conducted in accordance with FINRA Rule 5121.

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LEGAL MATTERS

Certain legal matters in connection with the securities offered hereby will be passed on for us by Porter Hedges LLP, Houston, Texas. The validity of issuance of certain of the offered securities and other matters arising under Hawaii law are being passed upon by Kobayashi Sugita & Goda, LLP, Honolulu, Hawaii. The validity of issuance of certain of the offered securities and other matters arising under Wyoming law are being passed upon by Holland & Hart LLP. The validity of issuance of certain of the offered securities and other matters arising under Washington law are being passed upon by Perkins Coie LLP. Any underwriters will be advised about other issues relating to any offering by their own legal counsel.

EXPERTS

The financial statements and the related financial statement schedule incorporated in this prospectus by reference from Par Pacific Holdings, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, and the effectiveness of Par Pacific Holdings, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting have been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their reports, which are incorporated herein by reference. Such financial statements and financial statement schedule have been so incorporated in reliance upon the reports of such firm given upon their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.

The financial statements of Laramie Energy, LLC as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 and for the three years ended December 31, 2017, incorporated in this prospectus by reference from Par Pacific Holdings, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, have been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, independent auditors, as stated in their report, which is incorporated herein by reference. Such financial statements have been so incorporated in reliance upon the report of such firm given upon their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.

The consolidated financial statements of TrailStone NA Asset Finance I, LLC as of and for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, included in our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 7, 2018, have been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, independent auditors, as set forth in their report thereon, included therein and incorporated herein by reference. Such consolidated financial statements have been incorporated herein by reference in reliance upon such report given on the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing.

The information incorporated by reference into this prospectus regarding estimated quantities of our proved reserves, the future net revenues from those reserves and their present value is based, in part, on estimates of reserves and future net revenue as of December 31, 2017, that were prepared by Netherland, Sewell & Associates, Inc., an independent petroleum engineering firm. These estimates are aggregated and the sums incorporated by reference into this prospectus in reliance upon the authority of the firm as an expert in these matters.

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PART II

INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS

Item 14. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution.

The following table sets forth the various expenses, all of which will be borne by us, in connection with the sale and distribution of the securities being registered, other than the underwriting discounts and commissions. All amounts shown are estimates except for the Securities and Exchange Commission registration fee.

Securities and Exchange Commission registration fee	$	15,375.00
Accounting fees and expenses	$	50,000.00
Legal fees and expenses	$	50,000.00
Printing and engraving expenses	$	10,000.00
Miscellaneous	$	5,000.00
Total	$	130,375.00

Item 15. Indemnification of Directors and Officers.

The general effect of the following is to provide indemnification to officers, directors and control persons for liabilities that may arise by reason of their status as officers, directors or control persons, other than liabilities arising from willful or intentional misconduct, acts or omissions not in good faith, unlawful distributions of assets or transactions from which the officer, director or control person derived an improper benefit.

Delaware General Corporation Law

Section 145 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “DGCL”) permits a corporation to indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, by reason of the fact that he is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by him in connection with such action.

In an action brought to obtain a judgment in the corporation’s favor, whether by the corporation itself or derivatively by a stockholder, the corporation may only indemnify for expenses, including attorneys’ fees, actually and reasonably incurred in connection with the defense or settlement of such action, and the corporation may not indemnify for amounts paid in satisfaction of a judgment or in settlement of the claim. In any such action, no indemnification may be paid in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which such person shall have been adjudged liable to the corporation except as otherwise approved by the Delaware Court of Chancery or the court in which the claim was brought. In any other type of proceeding, the indemnification may extend to judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement, actually and reasonably incurred in connection with such other proceeding, as well as to expenses (including attorneys’ fees).

The statute does not permit indemnification unless the person seeking indemnification has acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in, or not opposed to, the best interests of the corporation and, in the case of criminal actions or proceedings, the person had no reasonable cause to believe his conduct was unlawful. There are additional limitations applicable to criminal actions and to actions brought by or in the name of the corporation. The determination as to whether a person seeking indemnification has met the required standard of conduct is to be made (i) by a majority vote of a quorum of disinterested members of the board of directors, (ii) by independent legal counsel in a written opinion, if such a quorum does not exist or if the disinterested directors so direct, or (iii) by the stockholders.

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As permitted by the DGCL, the Company’s bylaws provide that the Company will indemnify its directors, officers, employees and agents against certain liabilities that they may incur in their capacities as directors, officers, employees and agents. Furthermore, the Company’s certificate of incorporation indemnifies its directors, officers, employees, and agents, together referred to as the Authorized Representatives, against certain liabilities arising on or after August 31, 2012, the effective date of the Third Amended Joint Chapter 11 Plan of Reorganization of Delta Petroleum Corporation and Its Debtor Affiliates, dated August 16, 2012, to the extent such Authorized Representatives acted in good faith and in a manner such Authorized Representatives reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Company, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe such Authorized Representatives’ conduct was unlawful. The Company has also entered into indemnification agreements with its officers and directors providing for indemnification to the maximum extent permitted under the DGCL. The Company has director and officer liability insurance policies that provide coverage of up to $10 million.

As permitted by the DGCL, the bylaws of U.S. Oil & Refining Co. and Par Petroleum Finance Corp. provide that U.S. Oil & Refining Co. and Par Petroleum Finance Corp., respectively, will indemnify its officers and directors against certain liabilities they may incur in their capacities as directors and officers.

Delaware Limited Liability Company Act

Section 18-108 of the Delaware Limited Liability Company Act, or the Delaware LLC Act, provides that, subject to the standards and restrictions, if any, as are described in its limited liability company agreement, a limited liability company may, and shall have the power to, indemnify and hold harmless any member or manager or other person from and against any and all claims and demands whatsoever. The Limited Liability Company Agreements of Mid Pac Petroleum, LLC, Par Petroleum, LLC, Par Hawaii Shared Services, LLC, Par Wyoming, LLC and Par Pacific Hawaii Property Company, LLC provide that, to the full extent permitted by the Delaware LLC Act, each manager and officer of each company will be entitled to indemnification for any loss, damage or claim incurred by such person in good faith on behalf of Mid Pac Petroleum, LLC, Par Petroleum, LLC, Par Hawaii Shared Services, LLC, Par Wyoming, LLC or Par Pacific Hawaii Property Company, LLC, as applicable, and in a manner reasonably believed to be within the scope of the authority conferred on such person; provided, however, that any indemnity will be provided exclusively out of and to the extent of the assets of Mid Pac Petroleum, LLC, Par Petroleum, LLC, Par Hawaii Shared Services, LLC or Par Wyoming, LLC, as applicable. The Second Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of Hermes Consolidated, LLC provides that, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, a person or entity, by reason of the fact that such person or entity is or was a member or manager of Hermes Consolidated, LLC, shall be entitled to indemnification for any expenses, attorneys’ fees, court costs, judgments, fines, amounts paid in settlement or other losses incurred or suffered and advance expenses incurred in connection defending or otherwise participating in an action, suit or proceeding. The Limited Liability Company Agreements of each of EWI LLC, Par New Mexico LLC, Par Utah LLC and Par Washington LLC, all of which are managed by their sole member, Par Pacific Holdings, Inc., provide that the sole member of each company is entitled to indemnification, to the full extent permitted by the Delaware LLC Act, for any loss, damage or claim incurred by the sole member in good faith on behalf of EWI LLC, Par Petroleum, LLC, Par New Mexico LLC, Par Utah LLC or Par Washington LLC, as applicable, and in a manner reasonably believed to be within the scope of the authority conferred on the sole member; provided, however, that any indemnity will be provided exclusively out of and to the extent of the assets of EWI LLC, Par Petroleum, LLC, Par New Mexico LLC, Par Utah LLC or Par Washington LLC, as applicable. The Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of Par Tacoma, LLC provides that Par Tacoma, LLC shall indemnify its members, managers and officers to the fullest extent permitted by the Delaware Limited Liability Company Act.

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Hawaii Business Corporation Act

Section 414-242 of Chapter 414, Hawaii Revised Statutes, the Hawaii Business Corporation Act, or the HBCA, provides that a corporation may indemnify an individual who is a party to a proceeding because the individual is a director against liability incurred in the proceeding if:

• the individual conducted himself or herself in good faith and the individual reasonably believed (i) in the case of conduct in the individual’s official capacity, that the individual’s conduct was in the best interests of the corporation, and (ii) in all other cases, that the individual’s conduct was at least not opposed to the best interests of the corporation; and

• in the case of any criminal proceeding, the individual had no reasonable cause to believe the individual’s conduct was unlawful; or

• the individual engaged in conduct for which broader indemnification has been made permissible or obligatory under a provision of the corporation’s articles of incorporation.

To the extent that a director is wholly successful in the defense of any proceeding to which the director was a party because the director was a director of the corporation, the corporation is required by Section 414-243 of the HBCA to indemnify such director for reasonable expenses incurred thereby.

Under Section 414-244 of the HBCA, a corporation, before final disposition of a proceeding, may advance funds to pay for or reimburse the reasonable expenses incurred by a director who is a party to a proceeding because the director is a director of the corporation if the director delivers certain written affirmations and certain undertakings. Under certain circumstances, under Section 414-245 of the HBCA, a director may apply for and obtain indemnification or an advance for expenses to the court conducting the proceeding or to another court of competent jurisdiction.

Further, under Section 414-246 of the HBCA, indemnification may be made only as authorized in a specific proceeding upon a determination that indemnification is permissible because a director has met the relevant standard of conduct, with such determination to be made:

• if there are two or more “disinterested directors” (as defined in Section 414-241 of the HBCA) by the board of directors by a majority vote of a quorum consisting of all of the disinterested directors;

• by special legal counsel; or

• by a majority vote of the shareholders.

Under the Amended and Restated Bylaws of Par Hawaii, Inc., a Hawaii Corporation, Par Hawaii, Inc. is obligated to indemnify any officer or director who was, is or is threatened to be made a party to a proceeding because such officer or director is an officer or director of Par Hawaii, Inc. against liability incurred in the proceeding if (a) the officer or director conducted himself or herself in good faith, and (b) the officer or director reasonably believed (i) in the case of conduct of official capacity, that the officer’s or director’s conduct was in the best interests of Par Hawaii, Inc., and (ii) in all other cases, that the officer’s or director’s conduct was at least not opposed to the best interests of Par Hawaii, Inc., and (c) in the case of any criminal proceeding, the officer or director had no reasonable cause to believe the officer’s or director’s conduct was unlawful. The termination of a proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, or conviction, or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, is not, of itself, determinative that the officer or director did not meet the relevant standard of conduct required under the Amended and Restated Bylaws.

Pursuant to the Amended and Restated Bylaws, Section 414-242(d) of the HBCA, which restricts a corporation from indemnifying a director, absent a court order, in connection with proceedings by or in the right of the corporation or with respect to conduct for which the director was adjudged liable on the basis that the director received a financial benefit to which the director was not entitled, will not apply unless it is determined that such indemnification was not proper as provided under the Amended and Restated Bylaws.

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The Amended and Restated Bylaws obligate Par Hawaii, Inc. to indemnify an officer or director who was wholly successful, on the merits or otherwise, in the defense of any proceeding to which the officer or director was a party because the officer or director was an officer or director, respectively, of Par Hawaii, Inc., against reasonable expenses incurred by the officer or director in connection with the proceeding. In other situations, a Hawaii Corporation will indemnify the director or officer only if authorized for a specific proceeding after a determination has been made that indemnification is permissible because the director or officer has met the relevant standard of conduct. This determination will be made:

• if there are two or more “disinterested directors” (as in Section 414-241 of the HBCA), by a majority vote of a quorum consisting of all of the disinterested directors of the Hawaii Corporation;

• by special legal counsel;

• by a majority vote of the shareholders of the Hawaii corporation; or

• in accordance with Section 414-245 of the HBCA, by the court conducting the proceeding or another court of competent jurisdiction upon application made by the officer or director who is a party to the proceeding because such officer or director is an officer or director of the Hawaii Corporation.

The Amended and Restated Bylaws provide that expenses incurred by a director or officer who is a party to a proceeding shall be paid by Par Hawaii, Inc. in advance of the final disposition of such proceeding upon receipt of (i) a written affirmation of the officer’s or director’s good faith belief that the officer or director has met the relevant standard of conduct described in the Amended and Restated Bylaws or that the proceeding involves conduct for which liability has been eliminated under a provision of Par Hawaii, Inc.’s Articles of Incorporation, and (ii) the officer’s or director’s written undertaking to repay any funds advanced if the officer or director is not entitled to mandatory indemnification under the Amended and Restated Bylaws and it is ultimately determined under the Amended and Restated Bylaws that the officer or director has not met the relevant standard of conduct described therein. The officer or director seeking indemnification hereunder must give Par Hawaii, Inc. notice as soon as practicable of any claim made against the officer or director for which indemnification will or could be sought thereunder.

Any indemnification pursuant to the Amended and Restated Bylaws shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which those seeking indemnification may be entitled, both as to action in a person’s official capacity and as to action in another capacity while holding the office, and shall continue as to the person who has ceased to be a director or officer and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs and personal representatives of such a person.

Par Hawaii, Inc. may purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is a director or officer of such Hawaii Corporation, or who, while a director or officer of Par Hawaii, Inc., serves at Par Hawaii, Inc.’s request as a director, officer, partner, trustee, employee or agent of another domestic or foreign corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan, or other entity, against any liability asserted against or incurred by the director or officer in that capacity or arising out of the director’s or officer’s status as a director of officer, whether or not Par Hawaii, Inc. would have the power to indemnify or advance expenses to the director or officer against such liability under.

Hawaii Uniform Limited Liability Company Act

Section 428-303 of Chapter 428, Hawaii Revised Statutes, the Hawaii Uniform Limited Liability Company Act, or the Hawaii LLC Act, provides that a member or manager of a Limited Liability Company shall not be personally liable for any debt, obligation, or liability of the company solely by reason of being or acting as a member or a manager of the company. The Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreements of Par Hawaii Refining, LLC (formerly known as Hawaii Independent Energy, LLC) and HIE Retail, LLC provide that, to the full extent permitted by the Delaware LLC Act, each manager and officer of Par Hawaii Refining, LLC and HIE Retail, LLC will be entitled to indemnification for any loss, damage or claim incurred by such

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person in good faith on behalf of Par Hawaii Refining, LLC or HIE Retail, LLC, as applicable, and in a manner reasonably believed to be within the scope of the authority conferred on such person; provided, however, that such person will not be entitled to indemnification for any loss, damage or claim incurred by reason of gross negligence or willful misconduct of such person and any indemnity will be provided exclusively out of and to the extent of the assets of Par Hawaii Refining, LLC or HIE Retail, LLC, as applicable.

Wyoming Limited Liability Company Act

Section 17-29-408 of the Wyoming Limited Liability Company Act, or the Wyoming LLC Act, provides that a limited liability company shall indemnify for any debt, obligation or other liability incurred by a member of a member-managed company or a manager of a manager-managed company in the course of the member’s or manager’s activities on behalf of the company, if, in incurring such debt, obligation or other liability, the member or manager complied with the duties stated in the Wyoming LLC Act. The Wyoming LLC Act also provides that a limited liability company may purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of a member or manager of the company against liability asserted against or incurred by the member or manager in that capacity or arising from that status. The Limited Liability Company Agreement of Wyoming Pipeline Company, LLC is silent with regards to indemnification of members or managers.

Washington Business Corporation Act

Section 510 of Chapter 23B.08 of the Washington Business Corporation Act provides, in general, that a corporation may indemnify an individual who was, is, or is threatened to be made a named defendant or respondent to a threatened, pending, or completed action, suit, or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative, or investigative and whether formal or informal (for the purposes of this Item 15, a “proceeding”) because the individual is or was a director against the obligation to pay a judgment, settlement, penalty, fine (including an excise tax assessed with respect to an employee benefit plan), or reasonable expenses incurred with respect to a proceeding incurred in the proceeding if the individual acted in good faith and the individual believed, in the case of conduct in the individual’s official capacity with the corporation, that the individual’s conduct was in the corporation’s best interests, and, in all other cases, that the individual’s conduct was at least not opposed to the corporation’s best interests, and in the case of any criminal proceeding, the individual had no reasonable cause to believe the individual’s conduct was unlawful. A corporation may not indemnify a director under Section 510 of Chapter 23B.08 of the Washington Business Corporation Act in connection with a proceeding by or in the right of the corporation in which the director was adjudged liable to the corporation or in connection with any other proceeding charging improper benefit to the director, whether or not involving action in the director’s official capacity, in which the director was adjudged liable on the basis that personal benefit was improperly received by the director.

Section 520 of Chapter 23B.08 of the Washington Business Corporation Act provides that, unless limited by its articles of incorporation, a corporation shall indemnify a director who was wholly successful, on the merits or otherwise, in the defense of any proceeding to which the director was, is, or is threatened to be made a named defendant or respondent to a proceeding to which the director was party because of being a director of the corporation against reasonable expenses incurred by the director in connection with the proceeding.

Section 540 of Chapter 23B.08 of the Washington Business Corporation Act provides that, unless a corporation’s articles of incorporation provide otherwise, a director of a corporation who is party to a proceeding may apply for indemnification or advancement of expenses to the court conducting the proceeding or to another court of competent jurisdiction.

Section 570 of Chapter 23B.08 of the Washington Business Corporation Act provides that, unless a corporation’s articles of incorporation provide otherwise, an officer of a corporation who is not a director is entitled to mandatory indemnification under Section 520 of Chapter 23B.08 of the Washington Business Corporation Act, and is entitled to apply for court-ordered indemnification under Section 540 of Chapter 23B.08 of the Washington Business Corporation Act, in each case to the same extent as a director.

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The Articles of Incorporation of McChord Pipeline Co. provide that McChord Pipeline Co. will indemnify its officers and directors against certain liabilities they may incur in their capacities as directors and officers

Washington Limited Liability Company Act

Section 25.15.041 of the Washington Limited Liability Company Act provides that a limited liability company may indemnify any member or manager from and against any judgments, settlements, penalties, fines, or expenses incurred in a proceeding or obligate itself to advance or reimburse expenses incurred in a proceeding to which a person is a party because such person is, or was, a member or a manager, provided that no such indemnity shall indemnify a member or a manager from or on account of acts or omissions of the member or manager finally adjudged to be intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law by the member or manager, or conduct of the member or manager adjudged to be in violation of Section 25.15.231 of the Washington Limited Liability Company Act. The Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of USOT WA, LLC provides that USOT WA, LLC will indemnify its members, managers, officers and employees to the full extent permitted under the Washington Limited Liability Company Act.

Item 16. Exhibits.

Exhibit No.	Description of Exhibit
1.1	Form of Underwriting Agreement.*
2.1	Third Amended Joint Chapter 11 Plan of Reorganization of Delta Petroleum Corporation and Its Debtor Affiliates dated August  13, 2012. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 7, 2012.****
2.2	Contribution Agreement, dated as of June  4, 2012, among Piceance Energy, LLC, Laramie Energy, LLC and the Company. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 8, 2012.****
2.3	Purchase and Sale Agreement dated as of December  31, 2012, by and among the Company, SEACOR Energy Holdings Inc., SEACOR Holdings Inc., and Gateway Terminals LLC. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form  8-K filed on January 3, 2013.****
2.4	Membership Interest Purchase Agreement dated as at June  17, 2013, by and among Tesoro Corporation, Tesoro Hawaii, LLC and Hawaii Pacific Energy, LLC. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.4 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2013, filed on August 14, 2013.****
2.5	Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of June  2, 2014, by and among the Company, Bogey, Inc., Koko’oha Investments, Inc., and Bill D. Mills, in his capacity as the Shareholders’ Representative. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.5 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2014, filed on August 11, 2014.
2.6	Amendment to Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of September  9, 2014, by and among the Company, Bogey, Inc., Koko’oha Investments, Inc. and Bill D. Mills, in his capacity as the shareholders’ representative. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 10, 2014.
2.7	Second Amendment to Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of December  31, 2014, by and among Par Petroleum Corporation, Bogey, Inc., Koko’oha Investments, Inc. and Bill D. Mills, in his capacity as the shareholder’s representative. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 7, 2015.
2.8	Third Amendment to Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of March  31, 2015, by and among the Company, Bogey, Inc., Koko’oha Investments, Inc. and Bill D. Mills, in his capacity as the shareholders’ representative. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 2, 2015.****

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Exhibit No.	Description of Exhibit
2.9	Unit Purchase Agreement, dated as of June  14, 2016, between Par Wyoming, LLC and Black Elk Refining, LLC. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 15, 2016.****
2.10	First Amendment to Unit Purchase Agreement dated as of July  14, 2016, between Par Wyoming, LLC and Black Elk Refining, LLC. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 15, 2016.****
2.11	Purchase and Sale Agreement dated as of November  26, 2018, among Par Petroleum, LLC, TrailStone NA Oil & Refining Holdings, LLC, and solely for certain purposes specified therein, the Company. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed on November 30, 2018.****#
2.12	Amendment No. 1 to Purchase and Sale Agreement dated as of January  11, 2019, among Par Petroleum, LLC, TrailStone NA Oil & Refining Holdings, LLC and Par Pacific Holdings, Inc. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 14, 2019.
4.1	Form of the Company’s Common Stock Certificate. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 31, 2014.
4.2	Stockholders Agreement dated April  10, 2015, by the Company. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 13, 2015.
4.3	Registration Rights Agreement effective as of August  31, 2012, by and among the Company, Zell Credit Opportunities Master Fund, L.P., Waterstone Capital Management, L.P., Pandora Select Partners, LP, Iam Mini-Fund 14 Limited, Whitebox Multi-Strategy Partners, LP, Whitebox Credit Arbitrage Partners, LP, HFR RVA Combined Master Trust, Whitebox Concentrated Convertible Arbitrage Partners, LP and Whitebox Asymmetric Partners, LP. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 7, 2012.
4.4	First Amendment to Registration Rights Agreement dated as of December  19, 2018, by and among the Company and the holders party thereto. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Company’s registration statement on Form S-3
4.5	Registration Rights Agreement dated as of September  25, 2013, by and among the Company and the Purchasers party thereto. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 27, 2013.
4.6	Warrant Issuance Agreement dated as of August  31, 2012, by and among the Company and WB Delta, Ltd., Waterstone Offshore ER Fund, Ltd., Prime Capital Master SPC, GOT WAT MAC Segregated Portfolio, Waterstone Market Neutral MAC51, Ltd., Waterstone Market Neutral Master Fund, Ltd., Waterstone MF Fund, Ltd., Nomura Waterstone Market Neutral Fund, ZCOF Par Petroleum Holdings, L.L.C. and Highbridge International, LLC. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 7, 2012.
4.7	Form of Common Stock Purchase Warrant dated as of June 4, 2012. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.5 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 7, 2012.
4.8	Par Pacific Holdings, Inc. Second Amended and Restated 2012 Long Term Incentive Plan. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s registration statement on Form S-8 filed on May 18, 2018.**
4.9	Par Pacific Holdings, Inc. 2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed on May 18, 2018.**

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Exhibit No.	Description of Exhibit
4.10	Registration Rights Agreement, dated June 21, 2016, between Par Pacific Holdings, Inc. and Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner  & Smith Incorporated, as representative of the initial purchasers. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 22, 2016.
4.11	Registration Rights Agreement dated as of July  14, 2016, by and among Par Pacific Holdings, Inc. and the purchasers party thereto. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 15, 2016.
4.12	First Amendment to Registration Rights Agreement dated as of September  27, 2016, by and among the Company and the purchasers party thereof. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.14 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on November 4, 2016.
4.13	Second Amendment to Registration Rights Agreement dated as of September  30, 2016, by and among the Company and the holders party thereto. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.15 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on November 4, 2016.
4.14	Third Amendment to Registration Rights Agreement dated as of October  7, 2016, by and among the Company and the holders party thereto. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.16 to the Company’s Quarterly Report filed on November 4, 2016.
4.15	Fourth Amendment to Registration Rights Agreement dated as of October  14, 2016, by and among the Company and the holders party thereto. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.17 to the Company’s Quarterly Report filed on November 4, 2016.
4.16	Fifth Amendment to Registration Rights Agreement dated as of October  21, 2016, by and among the Company and the holders party thereto. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.18 to the Company’s Quarterly Report filed on November 4, 2016.
4.17	Sixth Amendment to Registration Rights Agreement dated as of October  28, 2016, by and among the Company and the holders party thereto. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.19 to the Company’s Quarterly Report filed on November 4, 2016.
4.18	Indenture, dated June  21, 2016, between the Company and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as Trustee. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 22, 2016.
4.19	Indenture, dated December  21, 2017, among Par Petroleum, LLC, Par Petroleum Finance Corp., the Guarantors (as defined therein), and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as Trustee and Collateral Trustee. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 22, 2017.
4.20	First Supplemental Indenture, dated November 20, 2018, among Par Petroleum, LLC, Par Petroleum Finance Corp., the Guarantors (as defined therein), and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as Trustee. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.21 to the Company’s registration statement on Form S-3 filed on December 21, 2018.
4.21	Second Supplemental Indenture, dated January  11, 2019, among Par Tacoma, LLC (f/k/a TrailStone NA Asset Finance I, LLC, U.S. Oil & Refining Co., McChord Pipeline Co., Par Petroleum, LLC, Par Petroleum Finance Corp., Par Pacific Holdings, Inc., the other guarantors party thereto, and Wilmington Trust, National Association. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 14, 2019.
4.22	Registration Rights Agreement dated as of December  19, 2018, by and between the Company and IES Downstream, LLC. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 20, 2018.

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Exhibit No.	Description of Exhibit
4.23	Registration Rights Agreement dated as of January 11, 2019, by and between the Company and TrailStone NA Oil  & Refining Holdings, LLC. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 14, 2019.
4.24	Form of Senior Indenture. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.12 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-3 filed on June 1, 2015 (File No. 333-204597).
4.25	Form of Subordinated Indenture. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.13 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-3 filed on June 1, 2015 (File No. 333-204597).
4.26	Form of Senior Debt Security.*
4.27	Form of Subordinated Debt Security.*
4.28	Form of Warrant Agreement, including form of Warrant.*
4.29	Form of Subscription Rights Agreement and Form Subscription Rights Certificate.*
4.30	Form of Purchase Contract.*
4.31	Form of Unit Agreement.*
4.32	Form of Pledge Agreement.*
4.33	Form of Deposit Agreement.*
4.34	Form of Depositary Share.*
4.35	Form of Guarantee.*
5.1	Opinion of Porter Hedges LLP with respect to legality of the securities, including consent.***
5.2	Opinion of Kobayashi Sugita & Goda, LLP with respect to legality of the securities, including consent.***
5.3	Opinion of Holland & Hart LLP with respect to the legality of the securities, including consent.***
5.4	Opinion of Perkins Coie LLP with respect to the legality of the securities, including consent.***
23.1	Consent of Deloitte & Touche LLP as to Par Pacific Holdings, Inc.***
23.2	Consent of Deloitte & Touche LLP as to Laramie Energy, LLC.***
23.3	Consent of Ernst & Young LLP.***
23.4	Consent of Netherland, Sewell & Associates, Inc.***
23.5	Consent of Porter Hedges LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1).
23.6	Consent of Kobayashi Sugita & Goda, LLP (included in Exhibit 5.2).
23.7	Consent of Holland & Hart LLC (included in Exhibit 5.3).
23.8	Consent of Perkins Coie LLP (included in Exhibit 5.4).
24.1	Power of Attorney (contained in signature pages).
25.1	Form T-1 Statement of Eligibility and Qualification under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 of the Trustee under the Senior Indenture.***
25.2	Form T-1 Statement of Eligibility and Qualification under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 of the Trustee under the Subordinated Indenture.***

* Par Pacific will file as an exhibit to a current report on Form 8-K (i) any underwriting agreement relating to securities offered hereby, (ii) the instruments setting forth the terms of any depositary shares, warrants, subscription rights, purchase contracts or units, (iii) any additional required opinion of counsel to Par Pacific as to the legality of the securities offered hereby or (iv) any required opinion of counsel to Par Pacific as to certain tax matters relative to securities offered hereby.

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** Management contracts and compensatory plans.

*** Filed herewith.

**** Schedules and similar attachments to this agreement have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(2) of Regulation S-K. The Company will furnish supplementally a copy of any omitted schedule or similar attachment to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon request.

# Confidential treatment has been granted for portions of this exhibit. Omissions are designated with brackets containing asterisks. As part of our confidential treatment request, a complete version of this exhibit has been filed separately with the SEC.

Item 17. Undertakings.

(a) The undersigned registrants hereby undertake:

(1) To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:

(i) To include any prospectus required by section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933;

(ii) To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement;

(iii) To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement;

provided, however, that paragraphs (a)(1)(i), (a)(1)(ii) and (a)(1)(iii) of this section do not apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the Commission by the registrant pursuant to section 13 or section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement, or is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is part of the registration statement.

(2) That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

(3) To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.

(4) That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser:

(i) If the registrants are relying on Rule 430B:

(A) Each prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and

(B) Each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii) or (x) for the purpose of providing the information required by section 10(a) of

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the Securities Act of 1933 shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date; or

(ii) If the registrants are subject to Rule 430C, each prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) as part of a registration statement relating to an offering, other than registration statements relying on Rule 430B or other than prospectuses filed in reliance on Rule 430A, shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the date it is first used after effectiveness. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such first use, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such date of first use.

(5) That, for the purpose of determining liability of the registrants under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities:

The undersigned registrants undertake that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned registrants pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrants will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:

(i) Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424;

(ii) Any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrants or used or referred to by the undersigned registrants;

(iii) The portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrants or their securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrants; and

(iv) Any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser.

(b) The undersigned registrants hereby undertake that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each filing of the registrants’ annual report pursuant to section 13(a) or section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan’s annual report pursuant to section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that is incorporated by reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

(c) Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrants pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrants have been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such

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indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrants of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrants in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

(d) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes to file an application for the purpose of determining the eligibility of the trustee to act under subsection (a) of Section 310 of the Trust Indenture Act in accordance with the rules and regulations prescribed by the Commission under Section 305(b)(2) of the Act.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the city of Houston, State of Texas, on February 5, 2019.

PAR PACIFIC HOLDINGS, INC.
By:	/s/ William Pate
	William Pate,
	President and Chief Executive Officer

POWER OF ATTORNEY AND SIGNATURES

We the undersigned officers and directors of Par Pacific Holdings, Inc. hereby, severally constitute and appoint William Pate, William Monteleone and J. Matthew Vaughn, each of them singly, our true and lawful attorneys with full power to them and each of them singly, to sign for us and in our names in the capacities indicated below, the registration statement on Form S-3 filed herewith and any and all pre-effective and post-effective amendments to said registration statement and any subsequent registration statement for the same offering which may be filed under Rule 462(b) and generally to do all such things in our names and on our behalf in our capacities as officers and directors to enable Par Pacific Holdings, Inc. to comply with the provisions of the Securities Act of 1933, and all requirements of the SEC, hereby ratifying and confirming our signatures as they may be signed by our said attorneys, or any of them, to said registration statement and any and all amendments thereto or to any subsequent registration statement for the same offering which may be filed under Rule 462(b).

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signature	Title	Date
/s/ William Pate William Pate	Chief Executive Officer and President and Director (Principal Executive Officer)	February 5, 2019
/s/ William Monteleone William Monteleone	Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)	February 5, 2019
/s/ Ivan Guerra Ivan Guerra	Chief Accounting Officer (Principal Accounting Officer)	February 5, 2019
/s/ Melvyn N. Klein Melvyn N. Klein	Chairman Emeritus of the Board of Directors	February 5, 2019
/s/ Robert S. Silberman Robert S. Silberman	Chairman of the Board of Directors	February 5, 2019
/s/ Curtis Anastasio Curtis Anastasio	Director	February 5, 2019

II-13

Signature	Title	Date
/s/ Timothy Clossey Timothy Clossey	Director	February 5, 2019
/s/ L. Melvin Cooper L. Melvin Cooper	Director	February 5, 2019
/s/ Walter A. Dods, Jr. Walter A. Dods, Jr.	Director	February 5, 2019
/s/ Joseph Israel Joseph Israel	Director	February 5, 2019
/s/ Katherine Hatcher Katherine Hatcher	Director	February 5, 2019

II-14

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the city of Houston, State of Texas, on the 5th day of February, 2019.

TEXADIAN ENERGY, INC.
By:	/s/ J. Matthew Vaughn
	J. Matthew Vaughn,
	Vice President and Secretary

POWER OF ATTORNEY AND SIGNATURES

We the undersigned officers and directors of Texadian Energy, Inc. hereby, severally constitute and appoint William Pate, William Monteleone and J. Matthew Vaughn, each of them singly, our true and lawful attorneys with full power to them and each of them singly, to sign for us and in our names in the capacities indicated below, the registration statement on Form S-3 filed herewith and any and all pre-effective and post-effective amendments to said registration statement and any subsequent registration statement for the same offering which may be filed under Rule 462(b) and generally to do all such things in our names and on our behalf in our capacities as officers and directors to enable Texadian Energy, Inc. to comply with the provisions of the Securities Act of 1933, and all requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission, hereby ratifying and confirming our signatures as they may be signed by our said attorneys, or any of them, to said registration statement and any and all amendments thereto or to any subsequent registration statement for the same offering which may be filed under Rule 462(b).

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signature	Title	Date
/s/ William Monteleone William Monteleone	President, Chief Financial Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)	February 5, 2019
/s/ William Pate William Pate	Director	February 5, 2019

II-15

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the city of Houston, State of Texas, on the 5th day of February, 2019.

HIE RETAIL, LLC
By:	/s/ J. Matthew Vaughn
	J. Matthew Vaughn,
	Vice President and Secretary

POWER OF ATTORNEY AND SIGNATURES

We the undersigned officers and managers of HIE Retail, LLC hereby, severally constitute and appoint William Pate, William Monteleone and J. Matthew Vaughn, each of them singly, our true and lawful attorneys with full power to them and each of them singly, to sign for us and in our names in the capacities indicated below, the registration statement on Form S-3 filed herewith and any and all pre-effective and post-effective amendments to said registration statement and any subsequent registration statement for the same offering which may be filed under Rule 462(b) and generally to do all such things in our names and on our behalf in our capacities as officers and managers to enable HIE Retail, LLC to comply with the provisions of the Securities Act of 1933, and all requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission, hereby ratifying and confirming our signatures as they may be signed by our said attorneys, or any of them, to said registration statement and any and all amendments thereto or to any subsequent registration statement for the same offering which may be filed under Rule 462(b).

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signature	Title	Date
/s/ Jim Yates Jim Yates	President and Manager (Principal Executive Officer)	February 5, 2019
/s/ William Monteleone William Monteleone	Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)	February 5, 2019
/s/ Joseph Israel Joseph Israel	Manager	February 5, 2019

II-16

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the city of Houston, State of Texas, on the 5th day of February, 2019.

PAR HAWAII REFINING, LLC
By:	/s/ J. Matthew Vaughn
	J. Matthew Vaughn,
	Vice President and Secretary

POWER OF ATTORNEY AND SIGNATURES

We the undersigned officers and managers of Par Hawaii Refining, LLC hereby, severally constitute and appoint William Pate, William Monteleone and J. Matthew Vaughn, each of them singly, our true and lawful attorneys with full power to them and each of them singly, to sign for us and in our names in the capacities indicated below, the registration statement on Form S-3 filed herewith and any and all pre-effective and post-effective amendments to said registration statement and any subsequent registration statement for the same offering which may be filed under Rule 462(b) and generally to do all such things in our names and on our behalf in our capacities as officers and managers to enable Par Hawaii Refining, LLC to comply with the provisions of the Securities Act of 1933, and all requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission, hereby ratifying and confirming our signatures as they may be signed by our said attorneys, or any of them, to said registration statement and any and all amendments thereto or to any subsequent registration statement for the same offering which may be filed under Rule 462(b).

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signature	Title	Date
/s/ Joseph Israel Joseph Israel	Executive Vice President and Manager (Principal Executive Officer)	February 5, 2019
/s/ William Monteleone William Monteleone	Chief Financial Officer and Manager (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)	February 5, 2019
/s/ Richard Creamer Richard Creamer	Vice President and Manager	February 5, 2019

II-17

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the city of Houston, State of Texas, on the 5th day of February, 2019.

EWI LLC PAR UTAH LLC PAR NEW MEXICO LLC PAR PICEANCE ENERGY EQUITY LLC PAR WASHINGTON LLC
By:	PAR PACIFIC HOLDINGS, INC.,
	Sole Member of each of the foregoing
By:	/s/ J. Matthew Vaughn
	J. Matthew Vaughn,
	Vice President and Secretary

POWER OF ATTORNEY AND SIGNATURES

We the undersigned officers and directors of Par Pacific Holdings, Inc. hereby, severally constitute and appoint William Pate, William Monteleone and J. Matthew Vaughn, each of them singly, our true and lawful attorneys with full power to them and each of them singly, to sign for us and in our names in the capacities indicated below, the registration statement on Form S-3 filed herewith and any and all pre-effective and post-effective amendments to said registration statement and any subsequent registration statement for the same offering which may be filed under Rule 462(b) and generally to do all such things in our names and on our behalf in our capacities as officers and directors to enable EWI LLC, Par Utah LLC, Par New Mexico LLC, Par Piceance Energy Equity LLC, and Par Washington LLC to comply with the provisions of the Securities Act of 1933, and all requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission, hereby ratifying and confirming our signatures as they may be signed by our said attorneys, or any of them, to said registration statement and any and all amendments thereto or to any subsequent registration statement for the same offering which may be filed under Rule 462(b).

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signature	Title	Date
/s/ William Pate William Pate	President and Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer)	February 5, 2019
/s/ William Monteleone William Monteleone	Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)	February 5, 2019
/s/ Ivan Guerra Ivan Guerra	Chief Accounting Officer (Principal Accounting Officer)	February 5, 2019

II-18

Signature	Title	Date
/s/ Melvyn N. Klein Melvyn N. Klein	Chairman Emeritus of the Board of Directors	February 5, 2019
Robert S. Silberman	Chairman of the Board of Directors	February 5, 2019
/s/ Curtis V. Anastasio Curtis V. Anastasio	Director	February 5, 2019
/s/ Timothy Clossey Timothy Clossey	Director	February 5, 2019
/s/ L. Melvin Cooper L. Melvin Cooper	Director	February 5, 2019
Walter A. Dods, Jr.	Director	February 5, 2019
/s/ Joseph Israel Joseph Israel	Director	February 5, 2019
/s/ Katherine Hatcher Katherine Hatcher	Director	February 5, 2019

II-19

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the city of Houston, State of Texas, on the 5^th day of February, 2019.

PAR PETROLEUM, LLC
PAR PACIFIC HAWAII PROPERTY COMPANY, LLC
By:	/s/ J. Matthew Vaughn
	J. Matthew Vaughn,
	Vice President and Secretary

POWER OF ATTORNEY AND SIGNATURES

We the undersigned officers and managers of Par Petroleum, LLC and Par Pacific Hawaii Property Company, LLC hereby, severally constitute and appoint William Pate, William Monteleone and J. Matthew Vaughn, each of them singly, our true and lawful attorneys with full power to them and each of them singly, to sign for us and in our names in the capacities indicated below, the registration statement on Form S-3 filed herewith and any and all pre-effective and post-effective amendments to said registration statement and any subsequent registration statement for the same offering which may be filed under Rule 462(b) and generally to do all such things in our names and on our behalf in our capacities as officers and managers to enable Par Petroleum, LLC and Par Pacific Hawaii Property Company, LLC to comply with the provisions of the Securities Act of 1933, and all requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission, hereby ratifying and confirming our signatures as they may be signed by our said attorneys, or any of them, to said registration statement and any and all amendments thereto or to any subsequent registration statement for the same offering which may be filed under Rule 462(b).

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signature	Title	Date
/s/ Joseph Israel Joseph Israel	President, Chief Executive Officer and Manager (Principal Executive Officer)	February 5, 2019
/s/ William Monteleone William Monteleone	Chief Financial Officer and Manager (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)	February 5, 2019
/s/ William Pate William Pate	Manager	February 5, 2019

II-20

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the city of Houston, State of Texas, on the 5^th day of February, 2019.

PAR HAWAII, INC.
By:	/s/ William Monteleone
	William Monteleone,
	Chief Financial Officer

POWER OF ATTORNEY AND SIGNATURES

We the undersigned officers and directors of Par Hawaii, Inc. hereby, severally constitute and appoint William Pate, William Monteleone and J. Matthew Vaughn, each of them singly, our true and lawful attorneys with full power to them and each of them singly, to sign for us and in our names in the capacities indicated below, the registration statement on Form S-3 filed herewith and any and all pre-effective and post-effective amendments to said registration statement and any subsequent registration statement for the same offering which may be filed under Rule 462(b) and generally to do all such things in our names and on our behalf in our capacities as officers and directors to enable Par Hawaii, Inc. to comply with the provisions of the Securities Act of 1933, and all requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission, hereby ratifying and confirming our signatures as they may be signed by our said attorneys, or any of them, to said registration statement and any and all amendments thereto or to any subsequent registration statement for the same offering which may be filed under Rule 462(b).

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signature	Title	Date
/s/ Jim Yates Jim Yates	President and Secretary and Director (Principal Executive Officer)	February 5, 2019
/s/ William Monteleone William Monteleone	Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)	February 5, 2019
/s/ Joseph Israel Joseph Israel	Director	February 5, 2019

II-21

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the city of Houston, State of Texas, on the 5^th day of February, 2019.

MID PAC PETROLEUM, LLC
By:	PAR HAWAII, INC.,
	its Sole Member
By:	/s/ William Monteleone
	William Monteleone,
	Chief Financial Officer

POWER OF ATTORNEY AND SIGNATURES

We the undersigned officers of Mid Pac Petroleum, LLC hereby, severally constitute and appoint William Pate, William Monteleone and J. Matthew Vaughn, each of them singly, our true and lawful attorneys with full power to them and each of them singly, to sign for us and in our names in the capacities indicated below, the registration statement on Form S-3 filed herewith and any and all pre-effective and post-effective amendments to said registration statement and any subsequent registration statement for the same offering which may be filed under Rule 462(b) and generally to do all such things in our names and on our behalf in our capacities as officers to enable Mid Pac Petroleum, LLC to comply with the provisions of the Securities Act of 1933, and all requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission, hereby ratifying and confirming our signatures as they may be signed by our said attorneys, or any of them, to said registration statement and any and all amendments thereto or to any subsequent registration statement for the same offering which may be filed under Rule 462(b).

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signature	Title	Date
/s/ Jim Yates Jim Yates	President (Principal Executive Officer)	February 5, 2019
/s/ William Monteleone William Monteleone	Vice President (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)	February 5, 2019

II-22

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the city of Houston, State of Texas, on the 5^th day of February, 2019.

PAR HAWAII SHARED SERVICES, LLC
By:	/s/ J. Matthew Vaughn
	J. Matthew Vaughn,
	Vice President and Secretary

POWER OF ATTORNEY AND SIGNATURES

We the undersigned officers and managers of Par Hawaii Shared Services, LLC hereby, severally constitute and appoint William Pate, William Monteleone and J. Matthew Vaughn, each of them singly, our true and lawful attorneys with full power to them and each of them singly, to sign for us and in our names in the capacities indicated below, the registration statement on Form S-3 filed herewith and any and all pre-effective and post-effective amendments to said registration statement and any subsequent registration statement for the same offering which may be filed under Rule 462(b) and generally to do all such things in our names and on our behalf in our capacities as officers and managers to enable Par Hawaii Shared Services, LLC to comply with the provisions of the Securities Act of 1933, and all requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission, hereby ratifying and confirming our signatures as they may be signed by our said attorneys, or any of them, to said registration statement and any and all amendments thereto or to any subsequent registration statement for the same offering which may be filed under Rule 462(b).

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signature	Title	Date
/s/ Joseph Israel Joseph Israel	President, Chief Executive Officer and Manager (Principal Executive Officer)	February 5, 2019
/s/ William Monteleone William Monteleone	Vice President and Manager (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)	February 5, 2019
/s/ William Pate William Pate	Manager	February 5, 2019

II-23

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the city of Houston, State of Texas, on the 5^th day of February, 2019.

HERMES CONSOLIDATED, LLC
By:	/s/ J. Matthew Vaughn
	J. Matthew Vaughn,
	Vice President and Secretary

POWER OF ATTORNEY AND SIGNATURES

We the undersigned officers and managers of Hermes Consolidated, LLC hereby, severally constitute and appoint William Pate, William Monteleone and J. Matthew Vaughn, each of them singly, our true and lawful attorneys with full power to them and each of them singly, to sign for us and in our names in the capacities indicated below, the registration statement on Form S-3 filed herewith and any and all pre-effective and post-effective amendments to said registration statement and any subsequent registration statement for the same offering which may be filed under Rule 462(b) and generally to do all such things in our names and on our behalf in our capacities as officers and managers to enable Hermes Consolidated, LLC to comply with the provisions of the Securities Act of 1933, and all requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission, hereby ratifying and confirming our signatures as they may be signed by our said attorneys, or any of them, to said registration statement and any and all amendments thereto or to any subsequent registration statement for the same offering which may be filed under Rule 462(b).

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signature	Title	Date
/s/ Joseph Israel Joseph Israel	President and Manager (Principal Executive Officer)	February 5, 2019
/s/ William Monteleone William Monteleone	Chief Financial Officer and Manager (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)	February 5, 2019
/s/ Eric Wright Eric Wright	Manager	February 5, 2019

II-24

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the city of Houston, State of Texas, on the 5^th day of February, 2019.

WYOMING PIPELINE COMPANY LLC
By:	HERMES CONSOLIDATED, LLC,
	its Sole Member

By:	/s/ J. Matthew Vaughn
	J. Matthew Vaughn,
	Vice President and Secretary

POWER OF ATTORNEY AND SIGNATURES

We the undersigned officers of Wyoming Pipeline Company LLC hereby, severally constitute and appoint William Pate, William Monteleone and J. Matthew Vaughn, each of them singly, our true and lawful attorneys with full power to them and each of them singly, to sign for us and in our names in the capacities indicated below, the registration statement on Form S-3 filed herewith and any and all pre-effective and post-effective amendments to said registration statement and any subsequent registration statement for the same offering which may be filed under Rule 462(b) and generally to do all such things in our names and on our behalf in our capacities as officers to enable Wyoming Pipeline Company LLC to comply with the provisions of the Securities Act of 1933, and all requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission, hereby ratifying and confirming our signatures as they may be signed by our said attorneys, or any of them, to said registration statement and any and all amendments thereto or to any subsequent registration statement for the same offering which may be filed under Rule 462(b).

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signature	Title	Date
/s/ Joseph Israel Joseph Israel	President (Principal Executive Officer)	February 5, 2019
/s/ William Monteleone William Monteleone	Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)	February 5, 2019

II-25

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the city of Houston, State of Texas, on the 5^th day of February, 2019.

PAR WYOMING HOLDINGS, LLC
By:	/s/ J. Matthew Vaughn
	J. Matthew Vaughn,
	Vice President and Secretary

POWER OF ATTORNEY AND SIGNATURES

We the undersigned officers and managers of Par Wyoming Holdings, LLC hereby, severally constitute and appoint William Pate, William Monteleone and J. Matthew Vaughn, each of them singly, our true and lawful attorneys with full power to them and each of them singly, to sign for us and in our names in the capacities indicated below, the registration statement on Form S-3 filed herewith and any and all pre-effective and post-effective amendments to said registration statement and any subsequent registration statement for the same offering which may be filed under Rule 462(b) and generally to do all such things in our names and on our behalf in our capacities as officers and managers to enable Par Wyoming Holdings, LLC to comply with the provisions of the Securities Act of 1933, and all requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission, hereby ratifying and confirming our signatures as they may be signed by our said attorneys, or any of them, to said registration statement and any and all amendments thereto or to any subsequent registration statement for the same offering which may be filed under Rule 462(b).

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signature	Title	Date
/s/ Joseph Israel Joseph Israel	President, CEO and Manager (Principal Executive Officer)	February 5, 2019
/s/ William Monteleone William Monteleone	Chief Financial Officer and Manager (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)	February 5, 2019
/s/ William Pate William Pate	Manager	February 5, 2019

II-26

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the city of Houston, State of Texas, on the 5^th day of February, 2019.

PAR WYOMING, LLC
By:	/s/ J. Matthew Vaughn
	J. Matthew Vaughn,
	Vice President and Secretary

POWER OF ATTORNEY AND SIGNATURES

We the undersigned officers and managers of Par Wyoming, LLC hereby, severally constitute and appoint William Pate, William Monteleone and J. Matthew Vaughn, each of them singly, our true and lawful attorneys with full power to them and each of them singly, to sign for us and in our names in the capacities indicated below, the registration statement on Form S-3 filed herewith and any and all pre-effective and post-effective amendments to said registration statement and any subsequent registration statement for the same offering which may be filed under Rule 462(b) and generally to do all such things in our names and on our behalf in our capacities as officers and managers to enable Par Wyoming, LLC to comply with the provisions of the Securities Act of 1933, and all requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission, hereby ratifying and confirming our signatures as they may be signed by our said attorneys, or any of them, to said registration statement and any and all amendments thereto or to any subsequent registration statement for the same offering which may be filed under Rule 462(b).

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signature	Title	Date
/s/ William Pate Joseph Israel	President, CEO and Manager (Principal Executive Officer)	February 5, 2019
/s/ William Monteleone William Monteleone	Vice President and Manager (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)	February 5, 2019
/s/ William Pate William Pate	Manager	February 5, 2019

II-27

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the city of Houston, State of Texas, on the 5^th day of February, 2019.

PAR PETROLEUM FINANCE CORP.
By:	/s/ J. Matthew Vaughn
	J. Matthew Vaughn,
	Vice President and Secretary

POWER OF ATTORNEY AND SIGNATURES

We the undersigned officers and directors of Par Petroleum Finance Corp. hereby, severally constitute and appoint William Pate, William Monteleone and J. Matthew Vaughn, each of them singly, our true and lawful attorneys with full power to them and each of them singly, to sign for us and in our names in the capacities indicated below, the registration statement on Form S-3 filed herewith and any and all pre-effective and post-effective amendments to said registration statement and any subsequent registration statement for the same offering which may be filed under Rule 462(b) and generally to do all such things in our names and on our behalf in our capacities as officers and directors to enable Par Petroleum Finance Corp. to comply with the provisions of the Securities Act of 1933, and all requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission, hereby ratifying and confirming our signatures as they may be signed by our said attorneys, or any of them, to said registration statement and any and all amendments thereto or to any subsequent registration statement for the same offering which may be filed under Rule 462(b).

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signature	Title	Date
/s/ Joseph Israel Joseph Israel	President and Director (Principal Executive Officer)	February 5, 2019
/s/ William Monteleone William Monteleone	Chief Financial Officer and Director (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)	February 5, 2019
/s/ William Pate William Pate	Director	February 5, 2019

II-28

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the city of Houston, State of Texas, on the 5^th day of January, 2019.

PAR TACOMA, LLC
USOT WA, LLC
By:	/s/ J. Matthew Vaughn
	J. Matthew Vaughn,
	Vice President and Secretary

POWER OF ATTORNEY AND SIGNATURES

We the undersigned officers and managers of Par Tacoma, LLC and USOT WA, LLC hereby, severally constitute and appoint William Pate, William Monteleone and J. Matthew Vaughn, each of them singly, our true and lawful attorneys with full power to them and each of them singly, to sign for us and in our names in the capacities indicated below, the registration statement on Form S-3 filed herewith and any and all pre-effective and post-effective amendments to said registration statement and any subsequent registration statement for the same offering which may be filed under Rule 462(b) and generally to do all such things in our names and on our behalf in our capacities as officers and managers to enable Par Tacoma, LLC and USOT WA, LLC to comply with the provisions of the Securities Act of 1933, and all requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission, hereby ratifying and confirming our signatures as they may be signed by our said attorneys, or any of them, to said registration statement and any and all amendments thereto or to any subsequent registration statement for the same offering which may be filed under Rule 462(b).

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signature	Title	Date
/s/ Joseph Israel Joseph Israel	President and Manager (Principal Executive Officer)	February 5, 2019
/s/ William Monteleone William Monteleone	Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Manager (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)	February 5, 2019
/s/ Brady Winder Brady Winder	Manager	February 5, 2019

II-29

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the city of Houston, State of Texas, on the 5^th day of February, 2019.

U.S OIL & REFINING CO.
By:	/s/ J. Matthew Vaughn
	J. Matthew Vaughn,
	Vice President and Secretary

POWER OF ATTORNEY AND SIGNATURES

We the undersigned officers and directors of U.S. Oil & Refining Co. hereby, severally constitute and appoint William Pate, William Monteleone and J. Matthew Vaughn, each of them singly, our true and lawful attorneys with full power to them and each of them singly, to sign for us and in our names in the capacities indicated below, the registration statement on Form S-3 filed herewith and any and all pre-effective and post-effective amendments to said registration statement and any subsequent registration statement for the same offering which may be filed under Rule 462(b) and generally to do all such things in our names and on our behalf in our capacities as officers and directors to enable U.S. Oil & Refining Co. to comply with the provisions of the Securities Act of 1933, and all requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission, hereby ratifying and confirming our signatures as they may be signed by our said attorneys, or any of them, to said registration statement and any and all amendments thereto or to any subsequent registration statement for the same offering which may be filed under Rule 462(b).

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signature	Title	Date
/s/ Cameron Proudfoot Cameron Proudfoot	President (Principal Executive Officer)	February 5, 2019
/s/ William Monteleone William Monteleone	Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Director (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)	February 5, 2019
/s/ Joseph Israel Joseph Israel	Director	February 5, 2019
/s/ Brady Winder Brady Winder	Director	February 5, 2019

II-30

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the city of Houston, State of Texas, on the 5th day of February, 2019.

MCCHORD PIPELINE CO.
By:	/s/ J. Matthew Vaughn
	J. Matthew Vaughn,
	Vice President and Secretary

POWER OF ATTORNEY AND SIGNATURES

We the undersigned officers and directors of McChord Pipeline Co. hereby, severally constitute and appoint William Pate, William Monteleone and J. Matthew Vaughn, each of them singly, our true and lawful attorneys with full power to them and each of them singly, to sign for us and in our names in the capacities indicated below, the registration statement on Form S-3 filed herewith and any and all pre-effective and post-effective amendments to said registration statement and any subsequent registration statement for the same offering which may be filed under Rule 462(b) and generally to do all such things in our names and on our behalf in our capacities as officers and directors to enable McChord Pipeline Co. to comply with the provisions of the Securities Act of 1933, and all requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission, hereby ratifying and confirming our signatures as they may be signed by our said attorneys, or any of them, to said registration statement and any and all amendments thereto or to any subsequent registration statement for the same offering which may be filed under Rule 462(b).

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signature	Title	Date
/s/ Joseph Israel Joseph Israel	President and Director (Principal Executive Officer)	February 5, 2019
/s/ William Monteleone William Monteleone	Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Director (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)	February 5, 2019
/s/ Brady Winder Brady Winder	Director	February 5, 2019

II-31

EX-5.1

Exhibit 5.1

1000 Main Street, 36^th Floor Houston, Texas 77002 Telephone {713} 226-6000 Telecopier {713} 228-1331 porterhedges.com

February 6, 2019

Par Pacific Holdings, Inc.

825 Town & Country Lane, Suite 1500

Houston, Texas 77024

Ladies and Gentlemen:

We have acted as counsel for Par Pacific Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), EWI LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“EWI”), Par Petroleum, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Par Petroleum”), Hermes Consolidated, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Hermes”), Mid Pac Petroleum, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Mid Pac”), Par Hawaii Shared Services, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Shared Services”), Par New Mexico LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Par New Mexico”), Par Pacific Hawaii Property Company, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Hawaii Property Company”), Par Petroleum Finance Corp., a Delaware corporation (“Finance Corp.”), Par Piceance Energy Equity LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Par Piceance”), Par Tacoma, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Par Tacoma”), Par Utah LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Par Utah”), Par Washington LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Par Washington”), Par Wyoming, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Par Wyoming”), Par Wyoming Holdings, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Wyoming Holdings”), Texadian Energy, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Texadian”), and U.S. Oil & Refining Co., a Delaware corporation (“USOT” and, together with EWI, Par Petroleum, Hermes, Mid Pac, Shared Services, Par New Mexico, Hawaii Property Company, Finance Corp., Par Piceance, Par Tacoma, Par Utah, Par Washington, Par Wyoming, Wyoming Holdings and Texadian, the “Delaware Subsidiary Guarantors“), in connection with the registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), on a registration statement on Form S-3 (the “Registration Statement”) for the offer and sale from time to time, pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act, of up to $750,000,000 of: (i) debt securities, in one or more series, consisting of notes, debentures or other evidences of indebtedness (the “Debt Securities”), (ii) shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Common Stock”), (iii) shares of preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Preferred Stock”), (iv) depositary shares (the “Depositary Shares”), (v) warrants (the “Warrants”) to purchase Debt Securities, Common Stock, Preferred Stock, Depositary Shares, purchase contracts (the “Purchase Contracts”) and units (the “Units”), (vi) subscription rights to purchase Common Stock, Preferred Stock, Depositary Shares and other securities (the “Subscription Rights”), (vii) Purchase Contracts, (viii) Units and (ix) guarantees of non-convertible Debt Securities by a Subsidiary (the “Guarantees,” and together with the Debt Securities, Common Stock, Preferred Stock, Depositary Shares, Warrants, Purchase Contracts, Units and Subscription Rights, each a “Security” and collectively the “Securities”), that may be issued from time to time

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February 6, 2019

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by the Delaware Subsidiary Guarantors, Par Hawaii Refining, LLC, a Hawaii limited liability company (“Hawaii Refining”), HIE Retail, LLC, a Hawaii limited liability company (“HIE Retail”), Par Hawaii, Inc., a Hawaii corporation (“Par Hawaii” and, together with Hawaii Refining and HIE Retail, the “Hawaii Subsidiary Guarantors”), McChord Pipeline Co., a Washington corporation (“McChord”), USOT WA LLC, a Washington limited liability company (“USOT WA” and, together with McChord, the “Washington Subsidiary Guarantors”), and Wyoming Pipeline Company, LLC, a Wyoming limited liability company (“Wyoming Pipeline” and, together with the Delaware Subsidiary Guarantors, the Hawaii Subsidiary Guarantors and the Washington Subsidiary Guarantors, the “Subsidiary Guarantors”).

We have examined those records and documents as we have deemed necessary, including but not limited to originals, photocopies or conformed copies of: (i) the Registration Statement (including the exhibits thereto); (ii) the Restated Certificate of Incorporation and the Second Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company, each as amended to date; (iii) the Certificate of Formation and the Limited Liability Company Operating Agreement of EWI, the Certificate of Formation and the Limited Liability Company Operating Agreement of Par Petroleum, the Certificate of Formation and the Limited Liability Company Operating Agreement of Hermes, the Certificate of Formation and the Second Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of Mid Pac, the Certificate of Formation and the Limited Liability Company Operating Agreement of Shared Services, the Certificate of Formation and the Limited Liability Company Operating Agreement of Par New Mexico, the Certificate of Formation and the Limited Liability Company Agreement of Hawaii Property Company, the Certificate of Formation and the Bylaws of Finance Corp., the Certificate of Formation and the Limited Liability Company Agreement of Par Piceance, the Certificate of Formation and the Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Operating Agreement of Par Tacoma, the Certificate of Formation and the Limited Liability Company Operating Agreement of Par Utah, the Certificate of Formation and the Limited Liability Company Operating Agreement of Par Washington, the Certificate of Formation and the Limited Liability Company Operating Agreement of Par Wyoming, the Certificate of Formation and the Limited Liability Company Operating Agreement of Wyoming Holdings and the Certificate of Incorporation and the Bylaws of Texadian, each as amended to date; (iv) the corporate proceedings of the Company and the Delaware Subsidiary Guarantors; (v) the forms of Indentures incorporated by reference as Exhibits 4.24 and 4.25 to the Registration Statement; and (vi) all other certificates, agreements and documents that we have considered relevant and necessary as a basis for the opinions expressed in this letter. In addition, we have made those other examinations of law and fact as we considered necessary to form a basis for our opinions.

As to certain questions of fact material to our opinions that we have not independently established, we have relied upon representations of public officials and upon certificates from officers of the Company.

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February 6, 2019

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In rendering the following opinions, we have assumed (i) all information contained in all documents reviewed by us is true and correct, (ii) the genuineness of all signatures on all documents reviewed by us, (iii) the authenticity and completeness of all documents submitted to us as originals, (iv) the conformity to authentic originals of all documents submitted to us as certified or photostatic copies, (v) each natural person signing any document reviewed by us had the legal capacity to do so, (vi) each Hawaii Subsidiary Guarantor is duly organized under the laws of the State of Hawaii and is validly existing and in good standing under the laws of that jurisdiction, (vii) each Washington Subsidiary Guarantor is duly organized under the laws of the State of Washington and is validly existing and in good standing under the laws of that jurisdiction and (viii) Wyoming Pipeline is duly organized under the laws of the State of Wyoming and is validly existing and in good standing under the laws of that jurisdiction, none of which facts we have independently verified. We also have assumed the due authorization, execution and delivery of all documents where authorization, execution and delivery are prerequisites to the effectiveness of such documents.

Based on the foregoing, and subject to the assumptions, exceptions and qualifications stated below, we are of the opinion that:

1. With respect to Debt Securities, when (a) the applicable Indenture and any applicable supplemental Indentures have been duly authorized and validly executed and delivered by the trustee, the Company and Subsidiary Guarantors, if any, (b) the Board (defined below) or, to the extent permitted by applicable law, a duly constituted active committee thereof (such board of directors or committee to be hereinafter referred to as the “Board”) has taken all necessary corporate action to authorize the issuance and terms of such Debt Securities, the terms of the offering thereof and related matters and (c) such Debt Securities have been duly executed, authenticated, issued and delivered in accordance with the provisions of the applicable Indenture and any applicable supplemental Indenture, then such Debt Securities will be legally issued and will constitute valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms.

2. With respect to Guarantees, when (a) the applicable Indenture and any applicable supplemental Indentures have been duly authorized and validly executed and delivered by the trustee, the Company and such Subsidiary Guarantor, (b) all necessary corporate, limited liability company or other action by such Subsidiary Guarantor has been taken to authorize the issuance and the specific terms of such Guarantees, the terms of the offering thereof and related matters and (c) such Guarantees have been duly authorized, executed, authenticated, issued and delivered in accordance with the applicable Indenture and any applicable supplemental Indenture, such Guarantees will be legally issued and will constitute valid and binding obligations of the Subsidiary Guarantor, enforceable against the Subsidiary Guarantor in accordance with their terms.

3. With respect to shares of Common Stock, when both (a) the Board has taken all necessary corporate action to authorize the issuance of the shares of Common Stock, the terms of the offering thereof and related matters and (b) certificates representing the shares of Common Stock have been duly executed, countersigned, registered and delivered (or non-certificated

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February 6, 2019

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shares of Common Stock shall have been properly issued) either (i) in accordance with the applicable underwriting, purchase or similar agreement or (ii) upon conversion or exercise of any other Security in accordance with the terms of such Security or the instrument governing such Security providing for such conversion or exercise as approved by the Board, then the shares of Common Stock will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable.

4. With respect to shares of Preferred Stock, when both (a) the Board has taken all necessary corporate action to authorize the issuance and terms of the shares of Preferred Stock, the terms of the offering thereof and related matters, including the adoption of a certificate of designations relating to such Preferred Stock as required by applicable law (a “Certificate of Designations”) and the filing of the Certificate of Designations as required by applicable law and (b) certificates representing the shares of Preferred Stock have been duly executed, countersigned, registered and delivered (or non-certificated shares of Preferred Stock shall have been properly issued) either (i) in accordance with the applicable underwriting, purchase or similar agreement or (ii) upon conversion or exercise of any other Security in accordance with the terms of such Security or the instrument governing such Security providing for such conversion or exercise as approved by the Board, then the shares of Preferred Stock will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable.

5. With respect to Depositary Shares, when (a) the Board has taken all necessary corporate action to authorize the issuance and terms of the Depositary Shares, the terms of the offering thereof and related matters, (b) the depositary agreement or agreements relating to the Depositary Shares and the related depositary receipts have been duly authorized and validly executed and delivered by the Company and the depositary appointed by the Company pursuant to the applicable depositary agreement, (c) the shares of Preferred Stock underlying such Depositary Shares have been deposited with a bank or trust company under the applicable depositary agreement and (d) the depositary receipts representing the Depositary Shares have been duly executed, countersigned, registered and delivered in accordance with the applicable depositary agreement, then the Depositary Shares will be legally issued.

6. With respect to Warrants, when (a) the Board has taken all necessary corporate action to authorize the creation of and the issuance and terms of the Warrants, the terms of the offering thereof and related matters, (b) the warrant agreement or agreements relating to the Warrants have been duly authorized and validly executed and delivered by the Company and the warrant agent appointed by the Company and (c) the certificates representing the Warrants have been duly executed, countersigned, registered and delivered in accordance with the warrant agreement, then the Warrants will be legally issued and will constitute valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms.

7. With respect to the Subscription Rights, when (a) the Board has taken all necessary corporate action to authorize the issuance and the specific terms of such Subscription Rights, the terms of the offering thereof and related matters and (b) such Subscription Rights, as applicable, and agreements relating to the Subscription Rights have been duly executed and delivered in accordance with the terms thereof, then such Subscription Rights will be valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms.

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February 6, 2019

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8. With respect to Purchase Contracts, when (a) the Board has taken all necessary corporate action to authorize the issuance and the specific terms of such Purchase Contracts, the terms of the offering thereof and related matters and (b) such Purchase Contracts and agreements relating to the Purchase Contracts have been duly executed and delivered in accordance with the terms thereof, then such Purchase Contracts will be valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms.

9. With respect to Units, when (a) the Board has taken all necessary corporate action to authorize the issuance and the specific terms of such Units, the terms of the offering thereof and related matters and (b) such Units and agreements relating to the Units have been duly executed and delivered in accordance with the terms thereof, then such Units will be valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms.

The opinions expressed above are subject in all respects to the following assumptions, exceptions and qualifications:

A. We have assumed that: (i) the Registration Statement and any amendments thereto (including post-effective amendments) will have become effective under the Securities Act and will comply with all applicable provisions of the Securities Act and the rules and regulations thereunder, and such state securities rules, regulations and laws as may be applicable and the Indentures have been qualified under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended (the “TIA”); (ii) the Registration Statement will remain effective and comply with all applicable provisions of the Securities Act and the rules and regulations thereunder, and such state securities rules, regulations and laws as may be applicable at the time the Securities are offered or issued as contemplated by the Registration Statement; (iii) a prospectus supplement will have been prepared and filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) describing the Securities offered thereby and will comply with the Securities Act and the rules and regulations thereunder, and state securities rules, regulations and laws as may be applicable at the time the Securities are offered or issued as contemplated by the Registration Statement; (iv) all Securities will be issued and sold in compliance with the Securities Act and the rules and regulations thereunder, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder and such applicable state securities rules, regulations and laws as may be applicable at the time the Securities are offered or issued as contemplated by the Registration Statement and in the manner stated in the Registration Statement and the appropriate prospectus supplement; (v) a definitive purchase, underwriting or similar agreement with respect to any Securities offered or issued will have been duly authorized and validly executed and delivered by the Company and the other parties thereto, and the consideration payable for the Securities sold thereunder shall have been paid to the Company in accordance with such underwriting, purchase

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February 6, 2019

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or similar agreement; (vi) the consideration paid under any underwriting, purchase or similar agreement for Common Stock or Preferred Stock, including Common Stock or Preferred Stock underlying any Securities, whether in cash, through the issuance of another Security, or a combination of cash or any other Security, shall not be less than the par value of any Common Stock or Preferred Stock, as the case may be, issued under the Registration Statement; (vii) at the time of issuance of any shares of Common Stock or Preferred Stock (including any such shares issuable upon the conversion of another Security), the Company has a sufficient number of authorized but unissued shares of Common Stock or Preferred Stock, as the case may be, under its Restated Certificate of Incorporation; (viii) any Securities issuable upon conversion, exchange or exercise of any Security being offered or issued will be duly authorized, created and, if appropriate, reserved for issuance upon such conversion, exchange or exercise; (ix) there shall not have occurred any change in law affecting the validity or enforceability of any such Security; and (x) none of the terms of any Security to be established after the date hereof, nor the issuance and delivery of any such Security nor the compliance by the Company and the Subsidiary Guarantors with the terms of such Security will violate any applicable law or will result in violation of any provision of any instrument or agreement then binding on the Company or any of the Subsidiary Guarantors, or will violate any restriction imposed by a court or governmental body having jurisdiction over the Company or any Subsidiary Guarantor.

B. In rendering the opinions in paragraphs 1 and 2, we have assumed that the trustee is or, at the time the applicable Indenture is signed, will be qualified to act as trustee under the applicable Indenture and the TIA and that the trustee has or will have duly executed and delivered the applicable Indenture

C. The enforceability of the Securities and provisions thereof may be limited by (i) bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, fraudulent transfer, moratorium or other similar laws now or hereinafter in effect relating to or affecting enforcement of creditors rights generally, and (ii) by general principles of equity (regardless of whether such enforcement is considered in a proceeding in equity or at law). Such principles of equity include, without limitation, concepts of materiality, reasonableness, good faith and fair dealing, and also the possible unavailability of specific performance or injunctive relief.

D. We express no opinion with respect to: (i) the enforceability of the provisions in the Indentures, or in any agreement or instrument with respect to delay or omission of enforcement of rights or remedies, or waivers of notices or defenses, or waivers of benefits of or other rights that cannot be effectively waived under, applicable laws; (ii) the enforceability of indemnification provisions to the extent they purport to relate to liabilities resulting from or based upon negligence or any violation of federal or state securities laws or blue sky laws; or (iii) the enforceability of Section 110 of the Indentures.

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February 6, 2019

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E. The opinions expressed in this letter are limited to the laws of the States of Texas and New York, the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, the Delaware Limited Liability Company Act and the federal securities laws of the United States of America. In rendering the forgoing opinions, we have relied on the opinion of Kobayashi Sugita & Goda, LLP, a copy of which is filed as Exhibit 5.2 to the Registration Statement, with respect to the legal issuance of the Guarantees by the Hawaii Subsidiary Guarantors under Hawaii law, the opinion of Holland & Hart LLP, a copy of which is filed as Exhibit 5.3 to the Registration Statement, with respect to the legal issuance of the Guarantees by Wyoming Pipeline under Wyoming law, and the opinion of Perkins Coie LLP, a copy of which is filed as Exhibit 5.3 to the Registration Statement, with respect to the legal issuance of the Guarantees by the Washington Subsidiary Guarantors under Washington law.

We consent to the use of this opinion as Exhibit 5.1 to the Registration Statement and to the reference to our firm under the caption “Legal Matters” in the prospectus included as a part of the Registration Statement. In giving this consent, we do not admit that this firm is in the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act or the rules and regulations of the Commission promulgated thereunder.

Very truly yours,

/s/ Porter Hedges LLP

PORTER HEDGES LLP

EX-5.2

Exhibit 5.2

February 6, 2019

Par Pacific Holdings, Inc.

825 Town & Country Lane, Suite 1500

Houston, Texas 77024

Re: Form S-3 Registration Statement

Ladies and Gentlemen:

We are issuing this opinion letter in our capacity as special counsel to Par Hawaii, Inc., a Hawaii corporation, Par Hawaii Refining, LLC, a Hawaii limited liability company, and HIE Retail, LLC, a Hawaii limited liability company (each, individually, a “Hawaii Subsidiary Guarantor” and, collectively, as the “Hawaii Subsidiary Guarantors”), in connection with the registration by Par Pacific Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), on a registration statement on Form S-3 (the “Registration Statement”) for the offer and sale from time to time pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of, among other things, up to $750,000,000.00 of (i) non-convertible debt securities of the Company (each, a “Debt Security” and, collectively, the “Debt Securities”), consisting of notes, debentures or other evidence of indebtedness; and (ii) guarantees of the Debt Securities that may be issued from time to time by the Hawaii Subsidiary Guarantors (each, a “Guarantee” and, collectively, the “Guarantees” and, together with the Debt Securities, each, a “Security” and, collectively, the “Securities”), all as more fully described in the Registration Statement.

In connection with the registration of the Securities, we have examined originals, or copies certified or otherwise identified to our satisfaction, of such documents, corporate or company records, and other information as we have deemed necessary for the purposes of this opinion letter, including (i) the Registration Statement (including the exhibits thereto), (ii) the articles of incorporation, bylaws, articles of organization, operating agreement, and other organizational documents, as applicable of the Hawaii Subsidiary Guarantors, (iii) the corporate or limited liability company proceedings, as applicable, of the Hawaii Subsidiary Guarantors, and (iv) the form of the Senior Indenture attached as an exhibit to the Registration Statement (the “Senior Indenture”) and the form of the Subordinated Indenture attached as an exhibit to the Registration Statement (the “Subordinated Indenture” and, together with the Senior Indenture, each an “Indenture” and, collectively, the “Indentures”). In addition, we have made those other examinations of law and fact as we considered necessary in our professional judgment to form a basis for our opinions.

999 Bishop Street, Suite 2600, Honolulu, HI 96813 | Tel: 808-535-5700 | Fax: 808-535-5799 | www.ksglaw.com | bb@ksglaw.com

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February 6, 2019

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As to certain questions of fact material to our opinions that we have not independently established, we have relied upon representations and certificates of public officials and upon representations and certificates from officers and managers of the Hawaii Subsidiary Guarantors.

In rendering the following opinions, we have assumed (i) all information contained in all documents reviewed by us is true and correct, (ii) the genuineness of all signatures on all documents reviewed by us, (iii) the authenticity and completeness of all documents submitted to us as originals, (iv) the conformity to authentic originals of all documents submitted to us as certified or photostatic copies and the authenticity of the originals of all documents submitted to use as certified or photostatic copies, and (v) each natural person signing any document reviewed by us had the legal capacity to do so, none of which facts we have independently verified. We also have assumed the authority of all persons signing on behalf of any of the parties thereto other than the Hawaii Subsidiary Guarantors and the due authorization, execution and delivery of all documents by the parties thereto other than the Hawaii Subsidiary Guarantors where authorization, execution and delivery are prerequisites to the effectiveness of such documents.

Based on the foregoing, and subject to the assumptions, exceptions and qualifications stated below, we are of the opinion that with respect to each of the Hawaii Subsidiary Guarantors, the Guarantee issued by such Hawaii Subsidiary Guarantor will be legally issued when (a) the applicable Security and any applicable supplemental Security has been duly authorized and validly executed and delivered by any trustee (identified in the prospectus included as part of the Registration Statement or in any prospectus supplement), the Company and such Hawaii Subsidiary Guarantor, (b) all necessary corporate, limited liability company or other action by such Hawaii Subsidiary Guarantor has been taken to authorize the issuance and the specific terms of such Guarantee, the terms of the offering thereof and related matters, and (c) such Guarantee has been duly authorized, executed, authenticated, issued and delivered in accordance with the applicable Debt Security and any applicable supplemental Debt Security.

The opinion expressed above is subject in all respect to the following assumptions, exceptions and qualifications:

1. We have assumed that: (a) at the time the Securities are offered as contemplated under the Registration Statement, the Registration Statement and any amendments thereto (including post-effective amendments) will have become effective under the Securities Act and will comply with all applicable provisions of the Securities Act and the rules and regulations thereunder, and such state securities rules, regulations and laws as may be applicable, and the Indentures have been qualified under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended (the “TIA”), (b) the Registration Statement will remain effective and comply with all applicable provisions of the Securities Act and the rules and regulations thereunder, and such

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state securities rules, regulations and laws as may be applicable at the time the Securities are offered and issued as contemplated by the Registration Statement, (c) a prospectus supplement will have been prepared and filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) describing the Securities offered thereby and will comply with the Securities Act and the rules and regulations thereunder, and state securities rules, regulations and laws as may be applicable at the time the Securities are offered or issued as contemplated by the Registration Statement, (d) all Securities will be issued and sold in compliance with the Securities Act and the rules and regulations thereunder, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder and such applicable state securities rules, regulations and laws as may be applicable at the time the Securities are offered or issued as contemplated by the Registration Statement and in the manner stated in the Registration Statement and the appropriate prospectus supplement, (e) a definitive purchase, underwriting or similar agreement with respect to any Securities offered or issued will have been duly authorized and validly executed and delivered by the Company and the other parties thereto, and the consideration payable for the Securities sold thereunder shall have been paid to the Company in accordance with such underwriting, purchase or similar agreement, (f) there shall not have occurred any change in law affecting the validity or enforceability of any such Security, (g) none of the terms of any Security to be established after the date hereof, nor the issuance and delivery of any such Security nor the compliance by the Company and the Hawaii Subsidiary Guarantors with the terms of such Security will violate any applicable law or will result in violation of any provisions of any instrument or agreement then binding on the Company or any of the Hawaii Subsidiary Guarantors, or will violate any restriction imposed by a court or governmental body having jurisdiction over the Company or any Hawaii Subsidiary Guarantor, and (h) the Company will have obtained any legally required consents, approvals, authorizations and other orders of the Commission and any other federal regulatory agencies necessary for the Securities to be offered and sold in the manner stated in the Registration Statement or any applicable prospectus supplement.

2. In rendering the opinion above, we have assumed that any trustee identified in the prospectus included as part of the Registration Statement or in any prospectus supplement, is or, at the time the applicable Indenture is signed, will be qualified to act as trustee under the applicable Indenture and the TIA and that such trustee has or will have duly executed and delivered the applicable Indenture.

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3. We express no opinion as to the applicability of, compliance with, or effect of: (a) any bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, fraudulent transfer, fraudulent conveyance, moratorium or other similar law affecting the enforcement of creditors’ rights generally, (b) general principles of equity (regardless of whether enforcement is considered in a proceeding in equity or at law), (c) public policy considerations which may limit the rights of parties to obtain certain remedies, (d) any laws except the laws of the State of Hawaii and the State of Hawaii case law decided thereunder, and (e) the “Blue Sky” laws and regulations of the State of Hawaii.

4. The opinions are limited to the specific issues addressed in this opinion letter, and no opinion may be inferred or implied beyond that expressly stated herein.

5. The opinions expressed in this opinion letter are limited to the laws of the State of Hawaii as in effect on the date on which the Registration Statement is declared effective by the Commission under the Securities Act, which laws are subject to change with possible retroactive effect. We assume no obligation to revise or supplement this opinion letter should the present laws of the State of Hawaii be changed by legislative action, judicial decision or otherwise.

This opinion letter is furnished to you in connection with the filing of the Registration Statement in accordance with the requirements of Item 601(b)(5) of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act and will be incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement. This opinion letter may not be used, circulated, quoted or otherwise relied upon for any other purpose.

Porter Hedges LLP may rely on the opinions expressed herein as if this opinion letter were addressed directly to it. We consent to the use of this opinion letter as Exhibit 5.2 to the Registration Statement and to the reference to our firm under the heading “Legal Matters” in the prospectus included as part of the Registration Statement. In giving this consent, we do not admit that this firm is in the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act or the rules and regulations of the Commission promulgated thereunder.

Very truly yours,
	/s/ David B. Tongg
	DAVID B. TONGG             for KOBAYASHI, SUGITA & GODA, LLP

EX-5.3

Exhibit 5.3

February 6, 2019

Par Pacific Holdings, Inc.

825 Town & Country Lane, Suite 1500

Houston, Texas 77024

Re: Wyoming Pipeline Company LLC

Ladies and Gentlemen:

We have acted as Wyoming (the “State”) counsel to Wyoming Pipeline Company LLC, a Wyoming limited liability company (the “Guarantor”), in connection with the Registration Statement on Form S-3 (the “Registration Statement”) filed by Par Pacific Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), the Guarantor, and other subsidiary-guarantors party thereto with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”), relating to the issuance by the Company of up to $750,000,000 of Debt Securities, Common Stock, Preferred Stock, Depositary Shares, Warrants, Subscription Rights, Purchase Contracts, Units, and Guarantees of Non-Convertible Debt Securities (the “Guarantee”), all as defined in the Registration Statement, that may be issued by the Company from time to time.

In issuing the opinions herein stated, we have examined copies of the following:

(a) Registration Statement;

(b) the Articles of Organization of Wyoming Pipeline Company, a Wyoming corporation, filed with the State Secretary of State on May 16, 1979, as amended by that certain Articles of Amendment to the Articles of Incorporation of Wyoming Pipeline Company, a Wyoming corporation, filed with the State Secretary of State on December 27, 1990, as further amended by that certain Certificate of Conversion of Wyoming Pipeline Company LLC filed with the State Secretary of State on November 28, 2011 (collectively, the “Articles”), as certified by the State Secretary of State as of January 10, 2019;

(c) Limited Liability Company Agreement of Guarantor dated effective as of November 30, 2011;

(d) Unanimous Written Consent of the Requisite Representatives of the Applicable Subsidiaries, including of Guarantor, dated January 30. 2019; and

(e) Secretary’s Certificate of Wyoming Guarantor, dated February 5, 2019, by which the duly elected, qualified, and acting Secretary of Wyoming Guarantor, certifies as to certain factual matters related hereto.

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(f) the certificate of the State Secretary of State dated as of January 7, 2019 as to the existence and good standing of the Guarantor.

In establishing certain facts material to our opinions, we have relied, in each case without independent verification thereof, upon certificates and assurances of public officials, the assumptions set forth elsewhere herein and certificates of Guarantor reasonably believed by us to be appropriate sources of information, as to the accuracy of factual matters.

Based upon the foregoing and subject to the assumptions, exceptions and qualifications stated herein, we are of the opinion that:

1. Guarantor has the limited liability company power to execute, deliver and perform its obligations under the Guarantee.

2. All necessary limited liability company action has been taken by the Guarantor to authorize its execution, delivery and performance of the Guarantee.

3. The Guarantee will be duly issued when issued by Guarantor.

The opinions expressed herein are subject to the following qualifications, assumptions and limitations:

(a) In connection with rendering the opinions set forth here in, we have assumed, without independent investigation, the genuineness of all signatures, the legal capacity of all individuals who have executed any of the documents reviewed by us, the authenticity of all documents submitted to us as originals, the conformity to the original documents of all documents submitted to us as copies thereof, and the authenticity of the originals of such latter documents.

(b) The Guarantee will be issued as described in the Registration Statement or any amendment to the Registration Statement or prospectus related thereto.

(c) This opinion is limited to the laws of the State of Wyoming.

We consent to the use of our name in the Registration Statement and in the prospectus in the Registration Statement as it appears in the caption “Legal Matters” and to the filing of this opinion as an exhibit to the Registration Statement. In giving this consent, we do not admit that we come within the category of persons whose consent is required by the Act or by the rules and regulations under the Act. We consent to the reliance on this opinion by Porter Hedges LLP for purposes of their opinion to you dated the date hereof and filed as Exhibit 5.1 to the Registration Statement.

Very truly yours,

/s/ Holland & Hart LLP

HOLLAND & HART LLP

EX-5.4

Exhibit 5.4

February 6, 2019

Par Pacific Holdings, Inc.

825 Town & Country Lane, Suite 1500

Houston, Texas 77024

Re: Registration Statement on Form S-3

Ladies and Gentlemen:

We have acted as special counsel to McChord Pipeline Co., a Washington corporation (“McChord”), and USOT WA, LLC, a Washington limited liability company (“USOT,” and together with McChord, the “Washington Subsidiaries”), in connection with a Registration Statement on Form S-3 (the “Registration Statement”) filed by Par Pacific Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), and the other entities included in the Table of Additional Registrants set forth in the Registration Statement (including the Washington Subsidiaries), with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder (the “Rules”), for the registration and sale from time to time of: (a) Debt Securities; (b) Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share; (c) Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share; (d) Depositary Shares; (e) Warrants; (f) Subscription Rights; (g) Purchase Contracts; (h) Units; and (i) Guarantees of Non-Convertible Debt Securities (the “Guarantees,” and together with the securities described in clauses (a) - (h), the “Securities”). Our role in connection with the Registration Statement has been limited to rendering the opinions set forth in this letter.

In connection with this opinion letter, we have examined originals or copies of such documents, records, certificates of public officials and certificates of officers and representatives of the Washington Subsidiaries as we have considered necessary to provide a basis for the opinions expressed herein, including the following:

1. Articles of Incorporation of McChord as certified on February 4, 2019 by the Washington Secretary of State (the “Secretary of State”);

2. The Amended and Restated Bylaws of McChord, as certified by an officer of McChord to be a true and complete copy of such Bylaws as of the date hereof;

3. A Certificate of Existence for McChord, issued by the Secretary of State, dated February 4, 2019, (the “McChord Certificate of Existence”);

4. The Certificate of Formation of USOT as certified on February 4, 2019 by the Secretary of State;

5. The Amended and Restated Limited Liability Agreement of USOT (“LLC Agreement”), as certified by an officer of USOT to be a true and complete copy of such LLC Agreement as of the date hereof;

6. A Certificate of Existence for USOT, issued by the Secretary of State, dated February 4, 2019, (the “USOT Certificate of Existence,” and together with the McChord Certificate of Existence, the “Certificates of Existence”);

7. The form of Senior Indenture set forth as Exhibit 4.24 of the Registration Statement (the “Senior Indenture”); and

8. The form of Subordinated Indenture set forth as Exhibit 4.25 of the Registration Statement (the “Subordinated Indenture,” and together with the Senior Indenture, the “Indentures”).

As to matters of fact material to the opinions expressed herein, we have relied on (a) information in public authority documents (and all opinions based on public authority documents are as of the date of such public authority documents and not as of the date of this opinion letter), and (b) information provided in certificates of officers/representatives of the Washington Subsidiaries.

For purposes of the opinions set forth below, we have assumed the following without investigation: (i) the authenticity of original documents and the genuineness of all signatures; (ii) the conformity to the originals of all documents submitted to us as copies; and (iii) the truth, accuracy and completeness of the information, representations and warranties contained in the records, documents, instruments and certificates we have reviewed. We have also assumed, for purposes of the opinion set forth in paragraph 3 below, that in connection with the offer and sale of any Guarantees: (a) the Registration Statement and any amendments or prospectus supplements relating thereto shall have become and be effective under the Securities Act; and (b) a prospectus supplement describing the offered Guarantees pursuant to the Registration Statement, to the extent required by applicable law and the Rules, will be timely filed with the Commission.

Based on the foregoing and subject to the qualifications and exclusions stated below, we express the following opinions:

1. McChord is validly existing as a corporation under the laws of the State of Washington and has the corporate power and authority to guarantee the Debt Securities that may be issued pursuant to the terms of the Senior Indenture and the Subordinated Indenture.

2. USOT is validly existing as a limited liability company under the laws of the State of Washington and has the limited liability company power and authority to guarantee the Debt Securities that may be issued pursuant to the terms of the Senior Indenture and the Subordinated Indenture.

3. When (a) the specific terms of the Debt Securities, and the issuance and sale thereof, have been duly authorized by the board of directors of the Company (“Company Board”), a duly constituted and acting committee thereof, or the officers of the Company who have been authorized by the Company Board or such committee, and (b) the specific terms of the Guarantee relating to such Debt Securities to be issued by a Washington Subsidiary, including any supplemental indenture or other instrument evidencing such Guarantee have been duly authorized by the board of directors or equivalent governing body of each Washington Subsidiary (“Subsidiary Board”), a duly constituted and acting committee thereof, or the officers of such Washington Subsidiary who have been authorized by the applicable Subsidiary Board or such committee, such Guarantee will have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate or limited liability company action, as applicable, on the part of such Washington Subsidiary.

In rendering the opinions set forth in paragraphs 1 and 2 above with respect to valid existence of the Washington Subsidiaries, we have relied solely upon and such opinions are as of the date of the Certificates of Existence.

For purposes of expressing the opinions herein, we have examined the laws of the State of Washington and our opinions are limited to such laws.

The opinions expressed herein (a) are limited to matters expressly stated herein, and no other opinions may be implied or inferred and (b) are as of the date hereof (except as otherwise noted above). We disclaim any undertaking or obligation to update these opinions for events and circumstances occurring after the date hereof or as to facts relating to prior events that are subsequently brought to our attention.

Porter Hedges LLP may rely on the opinions expressed herein as if this opinion were addressed directly to it. We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion as an exhibit to the Registration Statement and any amendments thereto, including any and all post-effective amendments, and to the reference to our firm under the caption “Legal Matters” in the prospectus or any prospectus supplement which is part of the Registration Statement. In giving such

consent, we do not admit that we are in the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act or the Rules of the SEC promulgated thereunder nor do we admit that we are experts with respect to any part of the Registration Statement within the meaning of the term “expert” as used in the Securities Act or the Rules.

Very truly yours,

/s/ Perkins Coie LLP

PERKINS COIE LLP

EX-23.1

Exhibit 23.1

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We consent to the incorporation by reference in this Registration Statement on Form S-3 of our reports dated March 12, 2018, relating to the financial statements and financial statement schedule of Par Pacific Holdings, Inc. and subsidiaries, and the effectiveness of Par Pacific Holdings, Inc. and subsidiaries’ internal control over financial reporting, appearing in the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Par Pacific Holdings, Inc. for the year ended December 31, 2017, and to the reference to us under the heading “Experts” in the Prospectus, which is part of this Registration Statement.

/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP

Houston, Texas

February 5, 2019

EX-23.2

Exhibit 23.2

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT AUDITORS

We consent to the incorporation by reference in this Registration Statement on Form S-3 of our report dated March 9, 2018 related to the financial statements of Laramie Energy, LLC, appearing in the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Par Pacific Holdings, Inc. for the year ended December 31, 2017, and to the reference to us under the heading “Experts” in the Prospectus, which is part of this Registration Statement.

/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP

Denver, Colorado

February 5, 2019

EX-23.3

Exhibit 23.3

Consent of Independent Auditors

We consent to the reference to our firm under the caption “Experts” and to the use of our report dated December 5, 2018, with respect to the consolidated financial statements of TrailStone NA Asset Finance I, LLC, included in Par Pacific Holdings, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 7, 2018, and incorporated by reference in this Registration Statement (Form S-3) and related Prospectus of Par Pacific Holdings, Inc. for the registration of $750,000,000 of its debt securities, common stock, preferred stock, depositary shares, warrants, subscription rights, purchase contracts, and units.

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

February 4, 2019

San Antonio, Texas

EX-23.4

Exhibit 23.4

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT PETROLEUM ENGINEERS AND GEOLOGISTS

We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in this Registration Statement on Form S-3 prepared by Par Pacific Holdings, Inc. of information contained in our report dated March 6, 2018, with respect to estimates of reserves and future net revenue of Par Pacific Holdings, Inc., as of December 31, 2017. We also consent to the reference to us under the headings “Experts” in such Registration Statement.

NETHERLAND, SEWELL & ASSOCIATES, INC.
By:	/s/ C.H. (Scott) Rees III, P.E.
	C.H. (Scott) Rees III, P.E.
	Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

Dallas, Texas

February 5, 2019

EX-25.1

Exhibit 25.1

[Information to be completed/provided by obligor]

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM T-1

☐ Check if an Application to Determine Eligibility of a Trustee Pursuant to Section 305(b)(2)

WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION

(Exact name of trustee as specified in its charter)

16-1486454

(I.R.S. employer identification no.)

1100 North Market Street

Wilmington, DE 19890-0001

(Address of principal executive offices)

Janet V Banks

Assistant Vice President

1100 North Market Street

Wilmington, Delaware 19890-0001

(302) 636-4261

(Name, address and telephone number of agent for service)

Par Pacific Holdings, Inc.¹

(Exact name of obligor as specified in its charter)

Delaware	84-1060803
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

825 Town & Country Lane, Suite 1500

Houston, Texas 77024

(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

Senior Debt Securities

(Title of the indenture securities)

¹  See Table of Additional Obligors

*TABLE OF ADDITIONAL OBLIGORS

The following subsidiaries of Par Pacific Holdings, Inc. are co-obligors under this registration statement.

Name	Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization	I.R.S. Employer Identification Number
EWI LLC	Delaware	90-0886680
Par Hawaii Refining, LLC	Hawaii	99-0143882
Par Petroleum, LLC	Delaware	46-2908645
Hermes Consolidated, LLC	Delaware	45-2661399
HIE Retail, LLC	Hawaii	90-1009461
Par Hawaii, Inc.	Hawaii	26-0687490
McChord Pipeline Co.	Washington	91-1729544
Mid Pac Petroleum, LLC	Delaware	74-3124532
Par Hawaii Shared Services, LLC	Delaware	32-0480695
Par New Mexico LLC	Delaware	90-0887134
Par Pacific Hawaii Property Company, LLC	Delaware	83-3373890
Par Petroleum Finance Corp.	Delaware	82-3553173
Par Piceance Energy Equity LLC	Delaware	90-0885169
Par Tacoma, LLC	Delaware	46-5769211
Par Utah LLC	Delaware	36-4742186
Par Washington LLC	Delaware	90-0886057
Par Wyoming, LLC	Delaware	81-2999705
Par Wyoming Holdings, LLC	Delaware	38-4006401
Texadian Energy, Inc.	Delaware	20-8617990
U.S. Oil & Refining Co.	Delaware	91-0647317
USOT WA, LLC	Washington	91-0647317
Wyoming Pipeline Company, LLC	Wyoming	38-3860108

The address for each of the co-obligors is c/o Par Pacific Holdings, Inc., 825 Town & Country Lane, Suite 1500, Houston, Texas 77024, Telephone: (281) 899-4800.

The name and address, including zip code, of the agent for service for each of the co-obligors is J. Matthew Vaughn, Senior Vice President and General Counsel of Par Pacific Holdings, Inc., 825 Town & Country Lane, Suite 1500, Houston, Texas 77024. The telephone number, including area code, of the agent for service for each of the co-obligors is (281) 899-4800.

ITEM 1. GENERAL INFORMATION.

Furnish the following information as to the trustee:

(a) Name and address of each examining or supervising authority to which it is subject.

Comptroller of Currency, Washington, D.C.

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, Washington, D.C.

(b) Whether it is authorized to exercise corporate trust powers.

The trustee is authorized to exercise corporate trust powers.

ITEM 2. AFFILIATIONS WITH THE OBLIGOR.

If the obligor is an affiliate of the trustee, describe each affiliation:

Based upon an examination of the books and records of the trustee and information available to the trustee, the obligor is not an affiliate of the trustee.

ITEM 3 – 15. Not applicable.

ITEM 16. LIST OF EXHIBITS.

Listed below are all exhibits filed as part of this Statement of Eligibility and Qualification.

1. A copy of the Charter for Wilmington Trust, National Association.

2. The authority of Wilmington Trust, National Association to commence business was granted under the Charter for Wilmington Trust, National Association, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 1 above.

3. The authorization to exercise corporate trust powers was granted under the Charter for Wilmington Trust, National Association, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 1 above.

4. A copy of the existing By-Laws of Trustee, as now in effect, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4 of this Form T-1.

5. Not applicable.

6. The consent of Wilmington Trust, National Association as required by Section 321(b) of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, attached hereto as Exhibit 6 of this Form T-1.

7. Current Report of the Condition of Wilmington Trust, National Association, published pursuant to law or the requirements of its supervising or examining authority, attached hereto as Exhibit 7 of this Form T-1.

8. Not applicable.

9. Not applicable.

SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, the trustee, Wilmington Trust, National Association, a national banking association organized and existing under the laws of the United States of America, has duly caused this Statement of Eligibility to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, all in the City of Dallas and State of Texas on the 5th day of February, 2019.

WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION
By:	/s/ Shawn Goffinet
Name:	Shawn Goffinet
Title:	Assistant Vice President

EXHIBIT 1

CHARTER OF WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION

ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION

OF

WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION

For the purpose of organizing an association to perform any lawful activities of national banks, the undersigned do enter into the following articles of association:

FIRST. The title of this association shall be Wilmington Trust, National Association.

SECOND. The main office of the association shall be in the City of Wilmington, County of New Castle, State of Delaware. The general business of the association shall be conducted at its main office and its branches.

THIRD. The board of directors of this association shall consist of not less than five nor more than twenty-five persons, unless the OCC has exempted the bank from the 25-member limit. The exact number is to be fixed and determined from time to time by resolution of a majority of the full board of directors or by resolution of a majority of the shareholders at any annual or special meeting thereof. Each director shall own common or preferred stock of the association or of a holding company owning the association, with an aggregate par, fair market or equity value $1,000. Determination of these values may be based as of either (i) the date of purchase or (ii) the date the person became a director, whichever value is greater. Any combination of common or preferred stock of the association or holding company may be used.

Any vacancy in the board of directors may be filled by action of a majority of the remaining directors between meetings of shareholders. The board of directors may not increase the number of directors between meetings of shareholders to a number which:

1) exceeds by more than two the number of directors last elected by shareholders where the number was 15 or less; or

2) exceeds by more than four the number of directors last elected by shareholders where the number was 16 or more, but in no event shall the number of directors exceed 25, unless the OCC has exempted the bank from the 25-member limit.

Directors shall be elected for terms of one year and until their successors are elected and qualified. Terms of directors, including directors selected to fill vacancies, shall expire at the next regular meeting of shareholders at which directors are elected, unless the directors resign or are removed from office. Despite the expiration of a director’s term, the director shall continue to serve until his or her successor is elected and qualifies or until there is a decrease in the number of directors and his or her position is eliminated.

Honorary or advisory members of the board of directors, without voting power or power of final decision in matters concerning the business of the association, may be appointed by resolution of a majority of the full board of directors, or by resolution of shareholders at any annual or special meeting. Honorary or advisory directors shall not be counted to determine the number of directors of the association or the presence of a quorum in connection with any board action, and shall not be required to own qualifying shares.

FOURTH. There shall be an annual meeting of the shareholders to elect directors and transact whatever other business may be brought before the meeting. It shall be held at the main office or any other convenient place the board of directors may designate, on the day of each year specified therefor in the bylaws, or, if that day falls on a legal holiday in the state in which the association is located, on the next following banking day. If no election is held on the day fixed, or in the event of a legal holiday on the following banking day, an election may be held on any subsequent day within 60 days of the day fixed, to be designated by the board of directors, or, if the directors fail to fix the day, by shareholders representing two-thirds of the shares issued and outstanding. In all cases at least 10 days advance notice of the time, place and purpose of a shareholders’ meeting shall be given to the shareholders by first class mail, unless the OCC determines that an emergency circumstance exists. The sole shareholder of the bank is permitted to waive notice of the shareholders’ meeting.

In all elections of directors, the number of votes each common shareholder may cast will be determined by multiplying the number of shares such shareholder owns by the number of directors to be elected. Those votes may be cumulated and cast for a single candidate or may be distributed among two or more candidates in the manner selected by the shareholder. If, after the first ballot, subsequent ballots are necessary to elect directors, a shareholder may not vote shares that he or she has already fully cumulated and voted in favor of a successful candidate. On all other questions, each common shareholder shall be entitled to one vote for each share of stock held by him or her.

Nominations for election to the board of directors may be made by the board of directors or by any stockholder of any outstanding class of capital stock of the association entitled to vote for election of directors. Nominations other than those made by or on behalf of the existing management shall be made in writing and be delivered or mailed to the president of the association not less than 14 days nor more than 50 days prior to any meeting of shareholders called for the election of directors; provided, however, that if less than 21 days notice of the meeting is given to shareholders, such nominations shall be mailed or delivered to the president of the association not later than the close of business on the seventh day following the day on which the notice of meeting was mailed. Such notification shall contain the following information to the extent known to the notifying shareholder:

1) The name and address of each proposed nominee.

2) The principal occupation of each proposed nominee.

3) The total number of shares of capital stock of the association that will be voted for each proposed nominee.

4) The name and residence address of the notifying shareholder.

5) The number of shares of capital stock of the association owned by the notifying shareholder.

Nominations not made in accordance herewith may, in his/her discretion, be disregarded by the chairperson of the meeting, and the vote tellers may disregard all votes cast for each such nominee. No bylaw may unreasonably restrict the nomination of directors by shareholders.

A director may resign at any time by delivering written notice to the board of directors, its chairperson, or to the association, which resignation shall be effective when the notice is delivered unless the notice specifies a later effective date.

A director may be removed by shareholders at a meeting called to remove the director, when notice of the meeting stating that the purpose or one of the purposes is to remove the director is provided, if there is a failure to fulfill one of the affirmative requirements for qualification, or for cause; provided, however, that a director may not be removed if the number of votes sufficient to elect the director under cumulative voting is voted against the director’s removal.

FIFTH. The authorized amount of capital stock of this association shall be ten thousand shares of common stock of the par value of one hundred dollars ($100) each; but said capital stock may be increased or decreased from time to time, according to the provisions of the laws of the United States.

No holder of shares of the capital stock of any class of the association shall have any preemptive or preferential right of subscription to any shares of any class of stock of the association, whether now or hereafter authorized, or to any obligations convertible into stock of the association, issued, or sold, nor any right of subscription to any thereof other than such, if any, as the board of directors, in its discretion, may from time to time determine and at such price as the board of directors may from time to time fix. Preemptive rights also must be approved by a vote of holders of two-thirds of the bank’s outstanding voting shares. Unless otherwise specified in these articles of association or required by law, (1) all matters requiring shareholder action, including amendments to the articles of association, must be approved by shareholders owning a majority voting interest in the outstanding voting stock, and (2) each shareholder shall be entitled to one vote per share.

Unless otherwise specified in these articles of association or required by law, all shares of voting stock shall be voted together as a class, on any matters requiring shareholder approval. If a proposed amendment would affect two or more classes or series in the same or a substantially similar way, all the classes or series so affected must vote together as a single voting group on the proposed amendment.

Shares of one class or series may be issued as a dividend for shares of the same class or series on a pro rata basis and without consideration. Shares of one class or series may be issued as share dividends for a different class or series of stock if approved by a majority of the votes entitled to be cast by the class or series to be issued, unless there are no outstanding shares of the class or series to be issued. Unless otherwise provided by the board of directors, the record date for determining shareholders entitled to a share dividend shall be the date authorized by the board of directors for the share dividend.

Unless otherwise provided in the bylaws, the record date for determining shareholders entitled to notice of and to vote at any meeting is the close of business on the day before the first notice is mailed or otherwise sent to the shareholders, provided that in no event may a record date be more than 70 days before the meeting.

If a shareholder is entitled to fractional shares pursuant to a stock dividend, consolidation or merger, reverse stock split or otherwise, the association may: (a) issue fractional shares; (b) in lieu of the issuance of fractional shares, issue script or warrants entitling the holder to receive a full share upon surrendering enough script or warrants to equal a full share; (c) if there is an established and active market in the association’s stock, make reasonable arrangements to provide the shareholder with an opportunity to realize a fair price through sale of the fraction, or purchase of the additional fraction required for a full share; (d) remit the cash equivalent of the fraction to the shareholder; or (e) sell full shares representing all the fractions at public auction or to the highest bidder after having solicited and received sealed bids from at least three licensed stock brokers; and distribute the proceeds pro rata to shareholders who otherwise would be entitled to the fractional shares. The holder of a fractional share is entitled to exercise the rights for shareholder, including the right to vote, to receive dividends, and to participate in the assets of the association upon liquidation, in proportion to the fractional interest. The holder of script or warrants is not entitled to any of these rights unless the script or warrants explicitly provide for such rights. The script or warrants may be subject to such additional conditions as: (1) that the script or warrants will become void if not exchanged for full shares before a specified date; and (2) that the shares for which the script or warrants are exchangeable may be sold at the option of the association and the proceeds paid to scriptholders.

The association, at any time and from time to time, may authorize and issue debt obligations, whether or not subordinated, without the approval of the shareholders. Obligations classified as debt, whether or not subordinated, which may be issued by the association without the approval of shareholders, do not carry voting rights on any issue, including an increase or decrease in the aggregate number of the securities, or the exchange or reclassification of all or part of securities into securities of another class or series.

SIXTH. The board of directors shall appoint one of its members president of this association, and one of its members chairperson of the board and shall have the power to appoint one or more vice presidents, a secretary who shall keep minutes of the directors’ and shareholders’ meetings and be responsible for authenticating the records of the association, and such other officers and employees as may be required to transact the business of this association.

A duly appointed officer may appoint one or more officers or assistant officers if authorized by the board of directors in accordance with the bylaws.

The board of directors shall have the power to:

1) Define the duties of the officers, employees, and agents of the association.

2) Delegate the performance of its duties, but not the responsibility for its duties, to the officers, employees, and agents of the association.

3) Fix the compensation and enter into employment contracts with its officers and employees upon reasonable terms and conditions consistent with applicable law.

4) Dismiss officers and employees.

5) Require bonds from officers and employees and to fix the penalty thereof.

6) Ratify written policies authorized by the association’s management or committees of the board.

7) Regulate the manner in which any increase or decrease of the capital of the association shall be made, provided that nothing herein shall restrict the power of shareholders to increase or decrease the capital of the association in accordance with law, and nothing shall raise or lower from two-thirds the percentage required for shareholder approval to increase or reduce the capital.

8) Manage and administer the business and affairs of the association.

9) Adopt initial bylaws, not inconsistent with law or the articles of association, for managing the business and regulating the affairs of the association.

10) Amend or repeal bylaws, except to the extent that the articles of association reserve this power in whole or in part to shareholders.

11) Make contracts.

12) Generally perform all acts that are legal for a board of directors to perform.

SEVENTH. The board of directors shall have the power to change the location of the main office to any other place within the limits of Wilmington, Delaware, without the approval of the shareholders, or with a vote of shareholders owning two-thirds of the stock of such association for a relocation outside such limits and upon receipt of a certificate of approval from the Comptroller of the Currency, to any other location within or outside the limits of Wilmington Delaware, but not more than 30 miles beyond such limits. The board of directors shall have the power to establish or change the location of any branch or branches of the association to any other location permitted under applicable law, without approval of shareholders, subject to approval by the Comptroller of the Currency.

EIGHTH. The corporate existence of this association shall continue until termination according to the laws of the United States.

NINTH. The board of directors of this association, or any one or more shareholders owning, in the aggregate, not less than 50 percent of the stock of this association, may call a special meeting of shareholders at any time. Unless otherwise provided by the bylaws or the laws of the United States, a notice of the time, place, and purpose of every annual and special meeting of the shareholders shall be given at least 10 days prior to the meeting by first-class mail, unless the OCC determines that an emergency circumstance exists. If the association is a wholly-owned subsidiary, the sole shareholder may waive notice of the shareholders’ meeting. Unless otherwise provided by the bylaws or these articles, any action requiring approval of shareholders must be effected at a duly called annual or special meeting.

TENTH. For purposes of this Article Tenth, the term “institution-affiliated party” shall mean any institution-affiliated party of the association as such term is defined in 12 U.S.C. 1813(u).

Any institution-affiliated party (or his or her heirs, executors or administrators) may be indemnified or reimbursed by the association for reasonable expenses actually incurred in connection with any threatened, pending or completed actions or proceedings and appeals therein, whether civil, criminal, governmental, administrative or investigative, in accordance with and to the fullest extent permitted by law, as such law now or hereafter exists; provided, however, that when an administrative proceeding or action instituted by a federal banking agency results in a final order or settlement pursuant to which such person: (i) is assessed a civil money penalty, (ii) is removed from office or prohibited from participating in the conduct of the affairs of the association, or (iii) is required to cease and desist from or to take any affirmative action described in 12 U.S.C. 1818(b) with respect to the association, then the association shall require the repayment of all legal fees and expenses advanced pursuant to the next succeeding paragraph and may not indemnify such institution-affiliated parties (or their heirs, executors or administrators) for expenses, including expenses for legal fees, penalties or other payments incurred. The association shall provide indemnification in connection with an action or proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by an institution-affiliated party (or by his or her heirs, executors or administrators) only if such action or proceeding (or part thereof) was authorized by the board of directors.

Expenses incurred by an institution-affiliated party (or by his or her heirs, executors or administrators) in connection with any action or proceeding under 12 U.S.C. 164 or 1818 may be paid by the association in advance of the final disposition of such action or proceeding upon (a) a determination by the board of directors acting by a quorum consisting of directors who are not parties to such action or proceeding that the institution-affiliated party (or his or her heirs, executors or administrators) has a reasonable basis for prevailing on the merits, (b) a determination that the indemnified individual (or his or her heirs, executors or administrators) will have the financial capacity to reimburse the bank in the event he or she does not prevail, (c) a determination that the payment of expenses and fees by the association will not adversely affect the safety and soundness of the association, and (d) receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of such institution-affiliated party (or by his or her heirs, executors or administrators) to repay such advancement in the event of a final order or settlement pursuant to which such person: (i) is assessed a civil money penalty, (ii) is removed from office or prohibited from participating in the conduct of the affairs of the association, or (iii) is required to cease and desist from or to take any affirmative action described in 12 U.S.C. 1818(b) with respect to the association. In all other instances, expenses incurred by an institution-affiliated party (or by his or her heirs, executors or administrators) in connection with any action or proceeding as to which indemnification may be given under these articles of association may be paid by the association in advance of the final disposition of such action or proceeding upon (a) receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of such institution-affiliated party (or by or on behalf of his or her heirs, executors or administrators) to repay such advancement in the event that

such institution-affiliated party (or his or her heirs, executors or administrators) is ultimately found not to be entitled to indemnification as authorized by these articles of association and (b) approval by the board of directors acting by a quorum consisting of directors who are not parties to such action or proceeding or, if such a quorum is not obtainable, then approval by stockholders. To the extent permitted by law, the board of directors or, if applicable, the stockholders, shall not be required to find that the institution-affiliated party has met the applicable standard of conduct provided by law for indemnification in connection with such action or proceeding.

In the event that a majority of the members of the board of directors are named as respondents in an administrative proceeding or civil action and request indemnification, the remaining members of the board may authorize independent legal counsel to review the indemnification request and provide the remaining members of the board with a written opinion of counsel as to whether the conditions delineated in the first four paragraphs of this Article Tenth have been met. If independent legal counsel opines that said conditions have been met, the remaining members of the board of directors may rely on such opinion in authorizing the requested indemnification.

In the event that all of the members of the board of directors are named as respondents in an administrative proceeding or civil action and request indemnification, the board shall authorize independent legal counsel to review the indemnification request and provide the board with a written opinion of counsel as to whether the conditions delineated in the first four paragraphs of this Article Tenth have been met. If legal counsel opines that said conditions have been met, the board of directors may rely on such opinion in authorizing the requested indemnification.

To the extent permitted under applicable law, the rights of indemnification and to the advancement of expenses provided in these articles of association (a) shall be available with respect to events occurring prior to the adoption of these articles of association, (b) shall continue to exist after any restrictive amendment of these articles of association with respect to events occurring prior to such amendment, (c) may be interpreted on the basis of applicable law in effect at the time of the occurrence of the event or events giving rise to the action or proceeding, or on the basis of applicable law in effect at the time such rights are claimed, and (d) are in the nature of contract rights which may be enforced in any court of competent jurisdiction as if the association and the institution-affiliated party (or his or her heirs, executors or administrators) for whom such rights are sought were parties to a separate written agreement.

The rights of indemnification and to the advancement of expenses provided in these articles of association shall not, to the extent permitted under applicable law, be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which any such institution affiliated party (or his or her heirs, executors or administrators) may now or hereafter be otherwise entitled whether contained in these articles of association, the bylaws, a resolution of stockholders, a resolution of the board of directors, or an agreement providing such indemnification, the creation of such other rights being hereby expressly authorized. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the rights of indemnification and to the advancement of expenses provided in these articles of association shall not be deemed exclusive of any rights, pursuant to statute or otherwise, of any such institution-affiliated party (or of his or her heirs, executors or administrators) in any such action or proceeding to have assessed or allowed in his or her favor, against the association or otherwise, his or her costs and expenses incurred therein or in connection therewith or any part thereof.

If this Article Tenth or any part hereof shall be held unenforceable in any respect by a court of competent jurisdiction, it shall be deemed modified to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable, and the remainder of this Article Tenth shall remain fully enforceable.

The association may, upon affirmative vote of a majority of its board of directors, purchase insurance to indemnify its institution-affiliated parties to the extent that such indemnification is allowed in these articles of association; provided, however, that no such insurance shall include coverage to pay or reimburse any institution-affiliated party for the cost of any judgment or civil money penalty assessed against such person in an administrative proceeding or civil action commenced by any federal banking agency. Such insurance may, but need not, be for the benefit of all institution-affiliated parties.

ELEVENTH. These articles of association may be amended at any regular or special meeting of the shareholders by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the stock of this association, unless the vote of the holders of a greater amount of stock is required by law, and in that case by the vote of the holders of such greater amount. The association’s board of directors may propose one or more amendments to the articles of association for submission to the shareholders.

EXHIBIT 4

BY-LAWS OF WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION

AMENDED AND RESTATED BYLAWS

OF

WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION

(Effective as of April 17, 2018)

ARTICLE I

Meetings of Shareholders

Section 1. Annual Meeting. The annual meeting of the shareholders to elect directors and transact whatever other business may properly come before the meeting shall be held at the main office of the association, Rodney Square North, 1100 Market Street, City of Wilmington, State of Delaware, at 1:00 o’clock p.m. on the first Tuesday in March of each year, or at such other place and time as the board of directors may designate, or if that date falls on a legal holiday in Delaware, on the next following banking day. Notice of the meeting shall be mailed by first class mail, postage prepaid, at least 10 days and no more than 60 days prior to the date thereof, addressed to each shareholder at his/her address appearing on the books of the association. If, for any cause, an election of directors is not made on that date, or in the event of a legal holiday, on the next following banking day, an election may be held on any subsequent day within 60 days of the date fixed, to be designated by the board of directors, or, if the directors fail to fix the date, by shareholders representing two-thirds of the shares. In these circumstances, at least 10 days’ notice must be given by first class mail to shareholders.

Section 2. Special Meetings. Except as otherwise specifically provided by statute, special meetings of the shareholders may be called for any purpose at any time by the board of directors or by any one or more shareholders owning, in the aggregate, not less than fifty percent of the stock of the association. Every such special meeting, unless otherwise provided by law, shall be called by mailing, postage prepaid, not less than 10 days nor more than 60 days prior to the date fixed for the meeting, to each shareholder at the address appearing on the books of the association a notice stating the purpose of the meeting.

The board of directors may fix a record date for determining shareholders entitled to notice and to vote at any meeting, in reasonable proximity to the date of giving notice to the shareholders of such meeting. The record date for determining shareholders entitled to demand a special meeting is the date the first shareholder signs a demand for the meeting describing the purpose or purposes for which it is to be held.

A special meeting may be called by shareholders or the board of directors to amend the articles of association or bylaws, whether or not such bylaws may be amended by the board of directors in the absence of shareholder approval.

If an annual or special shareholders’ meeting is adjourned to a different date, time, or place, notice need not be given of the new date, time or place, if the new date, time or place is announced at the meeting before adjournment, unless any additional items of business are to be considered, or the association becomes aware of an intervening event materially affecting any matter to be voted on more than 10 days prior to the date to which the meeting is adjourned. If a new record date for the adjourned meeting is fixed, however, notice of the adjourned meeting must be given to persons who are shareholders as of the new record date. If, however, the meeting to elect the directors is adjourned before the election takes place, at least ten days’ notice of the new election must be given to the shareholders by first-class mail.

Section 3. Nominations of Directors. Nominations for election to the board of directors may be made by the board of directors or by any stockholder of any outstanding class of capital stock of the association entitled to vote for the election of directors. Nominations, other than those made by or on behalf of the existing management of the association, shall be made in writing and shall be delivered or mailed to the president of the association and the Comptroller of the Currency, Washington, D.C., not less than 14 days nor more than 50 days prior to any meeting of shareholders called for the election of directors; provided, however, that if less than 21 days’ notice of the meeting is given to shareholders, such nomination shall be mailed or delivered to the president of the association not later than the close of business on the seventh day following the day on which the notice of meeting was mailed. Such notification shall contain the following information to the extent known to the notifying shareholder:

(1) The name and address of each proposed nominee;

(2) The principal occupation of each proposed nominee;

(3) The total number of shares of capital stock of the association that will be voted for each proposed nominee;

(4) The name and residence of the notifying shareholder; and

(5) The number of shares of capital stock of the association owned by the notifying shareholder.

Nominations not made in accordance herewith may, in his/her discretion, be disregarded by the chairperson of the meeting, and upon his/her instructions, the vote tellers may disregard all votes cast for each such nominee.

Section 4. Proxies. Shareholders may vote at any meeting of the shareholders by proxies duly authorized in writing, but no officer or employee of this association shall act as proxy. Proxies shall be valid only for one meeting, to be specified therein, and any adjournments of such meeting. Proxies shall be dated and filed with the records of the meeting. Proxies with facsimile signatures may be used and unexecuted proxies may be counted upon receipt of a written confirmation from the shareholder. Proxies meeting the above requirements submitted at any time during a meeting shall be accepted.

Section 5. Quorum. A majority of the outstanding capital stock, represented in person or by proxy, shall constitute a quorum at any meeting of shareholders, unless otherwise provided by law, or by the shareholders or directors pursuant to Article IX, Section 2, but less than a quorum may adjourn any meeting, from time to time, and the meeting may be held, as adjourned, without further notice. A majority of the votes cast shall decide every question or matter submitted to the shareholders at any meeting, unless otherwise provided by law or by the articles of association, or by the shareholders or directors pursuant to Article IX, Section 2. If a meeting for the election of directors is not held on the fixed date, at least 10 days’ notice must be given by first-class mail to the shareholders.

ARTICLE II

Directors

Section 1. Board of Directors. The board of directors shall have the power to manage and administer the business and affairs of the association. Except as expressly limited by law, all corporate powers of the association shall be vested in and may be exercised by the board of directors.

Section 2. Number. The board of directors shall consist of not less than five nor more than twenty-five members, unless the OCC has exempted the bank from the 25-member limit. The exact number within such minimum and maximum limits is to be fixed and determined from time to time by resolution of a majority of the full board of directors or by resolution of a majority of the shareholders at any meeting thereof.

Section 3. Organization Meeting. The secretary or treasurer, upon receiving the certificate of the judges of the result of any election, shall notify the directors-elect of their election and of the time at which they are required to meet at the main office of the association, or at such other place in the cities of Wilmington, Delaware or Buffalo, New York, to organize the new board of directors and elect and appoint officers of the association for the succeeding year. Such meeting shall be held on the day of the election or as soon thereafter as practicable, and, in any event, within 30 days thereof. If, at the time fixed for such meeting, there shall not be a quorum, the directors present may adjourn the meeting, from time to time, until a quorum is obtained.

Section 4. Regular Meetings. The Board of Directors may, at any time and from time to time, by resolution designate the place, date and hour for the holding of a regular meeting, but in the absence of any such designation, regular meetings of the board of directors shall be held, without notice, on the first Tuesday of each March, June and September, and on the second Tuesday of each December at the main office or other such place as the board of directors may designate. When any regular meeting of the board of directors falls upon a holiday, the meeting shall be held on the next banking business day unless the board of directors shall designate another day.

Section 5. Special Meetings. Special meetings of the board of directors may be called by the Chairman of the Board of the association, or at the request of two or more directors. Each member of the board of directors shall be given notice by telegram, first class mail, or in person stating the time and place of each special meeting.

Section 6. Quorum. A majority of the entire board then in office shall constitute a quorum at any meeting, except when otherwise provided by law or these bylaws, but a lesser number may adjourn any meeting, from time to time, and the meeting may be held, as adjourned, without further notice. If the number of directors present at the meeting is reduced below the number that would constitute a quorum, no business may be transacted, except selecting directors to fill vacancies in conformance with Article II, Section 7. If a quorum is present, the board of directors may take action through the vote of a majority of the directors who are in attendance.

Section 7. Meetings by Conference Telephone. Any one or more members of the board of directors or any committee thereof may participate in a meeting of such board or committees by means of a conference telephone or similar communications equipment allowing all persons participating in the meeting to hear each other at the same time. Participation in a meeting by such means shall constitute presence in person at such meeting.

Section 8. Procedures. The order of business and all other matters of procedure at every meeting of the board of directors may be determined by the person presiding at the meeting.

Section 9. Removal of Directors. Any director may be removed for cause, at any meeting of stockholders notice of which shall have referred to the proposed action, by vote of the stockholders. Any director may be removed without cause, at any meeting of stockholders notice of which shall have referred to the proposed action, by the vote of the holders of a majority of the shares of the Corporation entitled to vote. Any director may be removed for cause, at any meeting of the directors notice of which shall have referred to the proposed action, by vote of a majority of the entire Board of Directors.

Section 10. Vacancies. When any vacancy occurs among the directors, a majority of the remaining members of the board of directors, according to the laws of the United States, may appoint a director to fill such vacancy at any regular meeting of the board of directors, or at a special meeting called for that purpose at which a quorum is present, or if the directors remaining in office constitute fewer than a quorum of the board of directors, by the affirmative vote of a majority of all the directors remaining in office, or by shareholders at a special meeting called for that purpose in conformance with Section 2 of Article I. At any such shareholder meeting, each shareholder entitled to vote shall have the right to multiply the number of votes he or she is entitled to cast by the number of vacancies being filled and cast the product for a single candidate or distribute the product among two or more candidates. A vacancy that will occur at a specific later date (by reason of a resignation effective at a later date) may be filled before the vacancy occurs but the new director may not take office until the vacancy occurs.

ARTICLE III

Committees of the Board

The board of directors has power over and is solely responsible for the management, supervision, and administration of the association. The board of directors may delegate its power, but none of its responsibilities, to such persons or committees as the board may determine.

The board of directors must formally ratify written policies authorized by committees of the board of directors before such policies become effective. Each committee must have one or more member(s), and who may be an officer of the association or an officer or director of any affiliate of the association, who serve at the pleasure of the board of directors. Provisions of the articles of association and these bylaws governing place of meetings, notice of meeting, quorum and voting requirements of the board of directors, apply to committees and their members as well. The creation of a committee and appointment of members to it must be approved by the board of directors.

Section 1. Loan Committee. There shall be a loan committee composed of not less than 2 directors, appointed by the board of directors annually or more often. The loan committee, on behalf of the bank, shall have power to discount and purchase bills, notes and other evidences of debt, to buy and sell bills of exchange, to examine and approve loans and discounts, to exercise authority regarding loans and discounts, and to exercise, when the board of directors is not in session, all other powers of the board of directors that may lawfully be delegated. The loan committee shall keep minutes of its meetings, and such minutes shall be submitted at the next regular meeting of the board of directors at which a quorum is present, and any action taken by the board of directors with respect thereto shall be entered in the minutes of the board of directors.

Section 2. Investment Committee. There shall be an investment committee composed of not less than 2 directors, appointed by the board of directors annually or more often. The investment committee, on behalf of the bank, shall have the power to ensure adherence to the investment policy, to recommend amendments thereto, to purchase and sell securities, to exercise authority regarding investments and to exercise, when the board of directors is not in session, all other powers of the board of directors regarding investment securities that may be lawfully delegated. The investment committee shall keep minutes of its meetings, and such minutes shall be submitted at the next regular meeting of the board of directors at which a quorum is present, and any action taken by the board of directors with respect thereto shall be entered in the minutes of the board of directors.

Section 3. Examining Committee. There shall be an examining committee composed of not less than 2 directors, exclusive of any active officers, appointed by the board of directors annually or more often. The duty of that committee shall be to examine at least once during each calendar year and within 15 months of the last examination the affairs of the association or cause suitable examinations to be made by auditors responsible only to the board of directors and to report the result of such examination in writing to the board of directors at the next regular meeting thereafter. Such report shall state whether the association is in a sound condition, and whether adequate internal controls and procedures are being maintained and shall recommend to the board of directors such changes in the manner of conducting the affairs of the association as shall be deemed advisable.

Notwithstanding the provisions of the first paragraph of this section 3, the responsibility and authority of the Examining Committee may, if authorized by law, be given over to a duly constituted audit committee of the association’s parent corporation by a resolution duly adopted by the board of directors.

Section 4. Trust Audit Committee. There shall be a trust audit committee in conformance with Section 1 of Article V.

Section 5. Other Committees. The board of directors may appoint, from time to time, from its own members, compensation, special litigation and other committees of one or more persons, for such purposes and with such powers as the board of directors may determine.

However, a committee may not:

(1) Authorize distributions of assets or dividends;

(2) Approve action required to be approved by shareholders;

(3) Fill vacancies on the board of directors or any of its committees;

(5) Amend articles of association;

(6) Adopt, amend or repeal bylaws; or

(6) Authorize or approve issuance or sale or contract for sale of shares, or determine the designation and relative rights, preferences and limitations of a class or series of shares.

Section 6. Committee Members’ Fees. Committee members may receive a fee for their services as committee members and traveling and other out-of-pocket expenses incurred in attending any meeting of a committee of which they are a member. The fee may be a fixed sum to be paid for attending each meeting or a fixed sum to be paid quarterly, or semiannually, irrespective of the number of meetings attended or not attended. The amount of the fee and the basis on which it shall be paid shall be determined by the board of directors.

ARTICLE IV

Officers and Employees

Section 1. Officers. The board of directors shall annually, at the Annual Reorganization Meeting of the board of directors following the annual meeting of the shareholders, appoint or elect a Chairperson of the Board, a Chief Executive Officer and a President, and one or more Vice Presidents, a Corporate Secretary, a Treasurer, a General Auditor, and such other officers as it may determine. At the Annual Reorganization Meeting, the board of directors shall also elect or reelect all of the officers of the association to hold office until the next Annual Reorganization Meeting. In the interim between Annual Reorganization Meetings, the board of directors may also elect or appoint a Chief Executive Officer, a President or such additional officers to the rank of Vice President, including (without limitation as to title or number) one or more Administrative Vice Presidents, Group Vice Presidents, Senior Vice Presidents and Executive Vice Presidents, and any other officer positions as they deem necessary and appropriate. The Chief Executive Officer of M&T Bank, the head of the Human Resources Department of M&T Bank, and any one executive Vice Chairman of M&T Bank, acting jointly, may appoint one or more officers to the rank of Executive Vice President or Senior Vice President. The head of the Human Resources Department of M&T Bank or his or her designee or designees, may appoint other officers up to the rank of Group Vice President, including (without limitation as to title or number) one or more Administrative Vice Presidents, Vice Presidents, Assistant Vice Presidents, Assistant Secretaries, Assistant Treasurers and Assistant Auditors, and any other officer positions as they deem necessary and appropriate. Each such person elected or appointed by the board of directors, the Chief Executive Officer of M&T Bank, the head of the Human Resources Department of M&T Bank, and an executive Vice Chairman of M&T Bank, acting jointly, or the head of the Human Resources Department of M&T Bank or his or her designee or designees, in between Annual Reorganization Meetings shall hold office until the next Annual Reorganization Meeting unless otherwise determined by the board of directors or such authorized officers.

Section 2. Chairperson of the Board. The board of directors shall appoint one of its members to be the chairperson of the board to serve at its pleasure. Such person shall preside at all meetings of the board of directors. The chairperson of the board shall supervise the carrying out of the policies adopted or approved by the board of directors; shall have general executive powers, as well as the specific powers conferred by these bylaws; and shall also have and may exercise such further powers and duties as from time to time may be conferred upon or assigned by the board of directors.

Section 3. President. The board of directors shall appoint one of its members to be the president of the association. In the absence of the chairperson, the president shall preside at any meeting of the board of directors. The president shall have general executive powers and shall have and may exercise any and all other powers and duties pertaining by law, regulation, or practice to the office of president, or imposed by these bylaws. The president shall also have and may exercise such further powers and duties as from time to time may be conferred or assigned by the board of directors.

Section 4. Vice President. The board of directors may appoint one or more vice presidents. Each vice president shall have such powers and duties as may be assigned by the board of directors. One vice president shall be designated by the board of directors, in the absence of the president, to perform all the duties of the president.

Section 5. Secretary. The board of directors shall appoint a secretary, treasurer, or other designated officer who shall be secretary of the board of directors and of the association and who shall keep accurate minutes of all meetings. The secretary shall attend to the giving of all notices required by these bylaws; shall be custodian of the corporate seal, records, documents and papers of the association; shall provide for the keeping of proper records of all transactions of the association; shall have and may exercise any and all other powers and duties pertaining by law, regulation or practice to the office of treasurer, or imposed by these bylaws; and shall also perform such other duties as may be assigned from time to time, by the board of directors.

Section 6. Other Officers. The board of directors may appoint one or more assistant vice presidents, one or more trust officers, one or more assistant secretaries, one or more assistant treasurers, one or more managers and assistant managers of branches and such other officers and attorneys in fact as from time to time may appear to the board of directors to be required or desirable to transact the business of the association. Such officers shall respectively exercise such powers and perform such duties as pertain to their several offices, or as may be conferred upon or assigned to them by the board of directors, the chairperson of the board, or the president. The board of directors may authorize an officer to appoint one or more officers or assistant officers.

Section 7. Tenure of Office. The president and all other officers shall hold office for the current year for which the board of directors was elected, unless they shall resign, become disqualified, or be removed; and any vacancy occurring in the office of president shall be filled promptly by the board of directors.

Section 8. Resignation. An officer may resign at any time by delivering notice to the association. A resignation is effective when the notice is given unless the notice specifies a later effective date.

ARTICLE V

Fiduciary Activities

Section 1. Trust Audit Committee. There shall be a Trust Audit Committee composed of not less than 2 directors, appointed by the board of directors, which shall, at least once during each calendar year make suitable audits of the association’s fiduciary activities or cause suitable audits to be made by auditors responsible only to the board, and at such time shall ascertain whether fiduciary powers have been administered according to law, Part 9 of the Regulations of the Comptroller of the Currency, and sound fiduciary principles. Such committee: (1) must not include any officers of the bank or an affiliate who participate significantly in the administration of the bank’s fiduciary activities; and (2) must consist of a majority of members who are not also members of any committee to which the board of directors has delegated power to manage and control the fiduciary activities of the bank.

Notwithstanding the provisions of the first paragraph of this section 1, the responsibility and authority of the Trust Audit Committee may, if authorized by law, be given over to a duly constituted audit committee of the association’s parent corporation by a resolution duly adopted by the board of directors.

Section 2. Fiduciary Files. There shall be maintained by the association all fiduciary records necessary to assure that its fiduciary responsibilities have been properly undertaken and discharged.

Section 3. Trust Investments. Funds held in a fiduciary capacity shall be invested according to the instrument establishing the fiduciary relationship and applicable law. Where such instrument does not specify the character and class of investments to be made, but does vest in the association investment discretion, funds held pursuant to such instrument shall be invested in investments in which corporate fiduciaries may invest under applicable law.

ARTICLE VI

Stock and Stock Certificates

Section 1. Transfers. Shares of stock shall be transferable on the books of the association, and a transfer book shall be kept in which all transfers of stock shall be recorded. Every person becoming a shareholder by such transfer shall in proportion to such shareholder’s shares, succeed to all rights of the prior holder of such shares. The board of directors may impose conditions upon the transfer of the stock reasonably calculated to simplify the work of the association with respect to stock transfers, voting at shareholder meetings and related matters and to protect it against fraudulent transfers.

Section 2. Stock Certificates. Certificates of stock shall bear the signature of the president (which may be engraved, printed or impressed) and shall be signed manually or by facsimile process by the secretary, assistant secretary, treasurer, assistant treasurer, or any other officer appointed by the board of directors for that purpose, to be known as an authorized officer, and the seal of the association shall be engraved thereon. Each certificate shall recite on its face that the stock represented thereby is transferable only upon the books of the association properly endorsed.

The board of directors may adopt or use procedures for replacing lost, stolen, or destroyed stock certificates as permitted by law.

The association may establish a procedure through which the beneficial owner of shares that are registered in the name of a nominee may be recognized by the association as the shareholder. The procedure may set forth:

(1) The types of nominees to which it applies;

(2) The rights or privileges that the association recognizes in a beneficial owner;

(3) How the nominee may request the association to recognize the beneficial owner as the shareholder;

(4) The information that must be provided when the procedure is selected;

(5) The period over which the association will continue to recognize the beneficial owner as the shareholder;

(6) Other aspects of the rights and duties created.

ARTICLE VII

Corporate Seal

Section 1. Seal. The seal of the association shall be in such form as may be determined from time to time by the board of directors. The president, the treasurer, the secretary or any assistant treasurer or assistant secretary, or other officer thereunto designated by the board of directors shall have authority to affix the corporate seal to any document requiring such seal and to attest the same. The seal on any corporate obligation for the payment of money may be facsimile.

ARTICLE VIII

Miscellaneous Provisions

Section 1. Fiscal Year. The fiscal year of the association shall be the calendar year.

Section 2. Execution of Instruments. All agreements, indentures, mortgages, deeds, conveyances, transfers, certificates, declarations, receipts, discharges, releases, satisfactions, settlements, petitions, schedules, accounts, affidavits, bonds, undertakings, proxies and other instruments or documents may be signed, executed, acknowledged, verified, delivered or accepted on behalf of the association by the chairperson of the board, or the president, or any vice president, or the secretary, or the treasurer, or, if in connection with the exercise of fiduciary powers of the association, by any of those offices or by any trust officer. Any such instruments may also be executed, acknowledged, verified, delivered or accepted on behalf of the association in such other manner and by such other officers as the board of directors may from time to time direct. The provisions of this section 2 are supplementary to any other provision of these bylaws.

Section 3. Records. The articles of association, the bylaws and the proceedings of all meetings of the shareholders, the board of directors, and standing committees of the board of directors shall be recorded in appropriate minute books provided for that purpose. The minutes of each meeting shall be signed by the secretary, treasurer or other officer appointed to act as secretary of the meeting.

Section 4. Corporate Governance Procedures. To the extent not inconsistent with federal banking statutes and regulations, or safe and sound banking practices, the association may follow the Delaware General Corporation Law, Del. Code Ann. tit. 8 (1991, as amended 1994, and as amended thereafter) with respect to matters of corporate governance procedures.

Section 5. Indemnification. For purposes of this Section 5 of Article VIII, the term “institution-affiliated party” shall mean any institution-affiliated party of the association as such term is defined in 12 U.S.C. 1813(u).

Any institution-affiliated party (or his or her heirs, executors or administrators) may be indemnified or reimbursed by the association for reasonable expenses actually incurred in connection with any threatened, pending or completed actions or proceedings and appeals therein, whether civil, criminal, governmental, administrative or investigative, in accordance with and to the fullest extent permitted by law, as such law now or hereafter exists; provided, however, that when an administrative proceeding or action instituted by a federal banking agency results in a final order or settlement pursuant to which such person: (i) is assessed a civil money penalty, (ii) is removed from office or prohibited from participating in the conduct of the affairs of the association, or (iii) is required to cease and desist from or to take any affirmative action described in 12 U.S.C. 1818(b) with respect to the association, then the association shall require the repayment of all legal fees and expenses advanced pursuant to the next succeeding paragraph and may not indemnify such institution-affiliated parties (or their heirs, executors or administrators) for expenses, including expenses for legal fees, penalties or other payments incurred. The association shall provide indemnification in connection with an action or proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by an institution-affiliated party (or by his or her heirs, executors or administrators) only if such action or proceeding (or part thereof) was authorized by the board of directors.

Expenses incurred by an institution-affiliated party (or by his or her heirs, executors or administrators) in connection with any action or proceeding under 12 U.S.C. 164 or 1818 may be paid by the association in advance of the final disposition of such action or proceeding upon (a) a determination by the board of directors acting by a quorum consisting of directors who are not parties to such action or proceeding that the institution-affiliated party (or his or her heirs, executors or administrators) has a

reasonable basis for prevailing on the merits, (b) a determination that the indemnified individual (or his or her heirs, executors or administrators) will have the financial capacity to reimburse the bank in the event he or she does not prevail, (c) a determination that the payment of expenses and fees by the association will not adversely affect the safety and soundness of the association, and (d) receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of such institution-affiliated party (or by his or her heirs, executors or administrators) to repay such advancement in the event of a final order or settlement pursuant to which such person: (i) is assessed a civil money penalty, (ii) is removed from office or prohibited from participating in the conduct of the affairs of the association, or (iii) is required to cease and desist from or to take any affirmative action described in 12 U.S.C. 1818(b) with respect to the association. In all other instances, expenses incurred by an institution-affiliated party (or by his or her heirs, executors or administrators) in connection with any action or proceeding as to which indemnification may be given under these articles of association may be paid by the association in advance of the final disposition of such action or proceeding upon (a) receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of such institution-affiliated party (or by or on behalf of his or her heirs, executors or administrators) to repay such advancement in the event that such institution- affiliated party (or his or her heirs, executors or administrators) is ultimately found not to be entitled to indemnification as authorized by these bylaws and (b) approval by the board of directors acting by a quorum consisting of directors who are not parties to such action or proceeding or, if such a quorum is not obtainable, then approval by stockholders. To the extent permitted by law, the board of directors or, if applicable, the stockholders, shall not be required to find that the institution-affiliated party has met the applicable standard of conduct provided by law for indemnification in connection with such action or proceeding.

In the event that a majority of the members of the board of directors are named as respondents in an administrative proceeding or civil action and request indemnification, the remaining members of the board may authorize independent legal counsel to review the indemnification request and provide the remaining members of the board with a written opinion of counsel as to whether the conditions delineated in the first four paragraphs of this Section 5 of Article VIII have been met. If independent legal counsel opines that said conditions have been met, the remaining members of the board of directors may rely on such opinion in authorizing the requested indemnification.

In the event that all of the members of the board of directors are named as respondents in an administrative proceeding or civil action and request indemnification, the board shall authorize independent legal counsel to review the indemnification request and provide the board with a written opinion of counsel as to whether the conditions delineated in the first four paragraphs of this Section 5 of Article VIII have been met. If legal counsel opines that said conditions have been met, the board of directors may rely on such opinion in authorizing the requested indemnification.

To the extent permitted under applicable law, the rights of indemnification and to the advancement of expenses provided in these articles of association (a) shall be available with respect to events occurring prior to the adoption of these bylaws, (b) shall continue to exist after any restrictive amendment of these bylaws with respect to events occurring prior to such amendment, (c) may be interpreted on the basis of applicable law in effect at the time of the occurrence of the event or events giving rise to the action or proceeding, or on the basis of applicable law in effect at the time such rights are claimed, and (d) are in the nature of contract rights which may be enforced in any court of competent jurisdiction as if the association and the institution-affiliated party (or his or her heirs, executors or administrators) for whom such rights are sought were parties to a separate written agreement.

The rights of indemnification and to the advancement of expenses provided in these bylaws shall not, to the extent permitted under applicable law, be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which any such institution-affiliated party (or his or her heirs, executors or administrators) may now or hereafter be otherwise entitled whether contained in the association’s articles of association, these bylaws, a resolution of stockholders, a resolution of the board of directors, or an agreement providing such indemnification, the creation of such other rights being hereby expressly authorized. Without limiting the generality of the

foregoing, the rights of indemnification and to the advancement of expenses provided in these bylaws shall not be deemed exclusive of any rights, pursuant to statute or otherwise, of any such institution-affiliated party (or of his or her heirs, executors or administrators) in any such action or proceeding to have assessed or allowed in his or her favor, against the association or otherwise, his or her costs and expenses incurred therein or in connection therewith or any part thereof.

If this Section 5 of Article VIII or any part hereof shall be held unenforceable in any respect by a court of competent jurisdiction, it shall be deemed modified to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable, and the remainder of this Section 5 of Article VIII shall remain fully enforceable.

The association may, upon affirmative vote of a majority of its board of directors, purchase insurance to indemnify its institution-affiliated parties to the extent that such indemnification is allowed in these bylaws; provided, however, that no such insurance shall include coverage for a final order assessing civil money penalties against such persons by a bank regulatory agency. Such insurance may, but need not, be for the benefit of all institution- affiliated parties.

ARTICLE IX

Inspection and Amendments

Section 1. Inspection. A copy of the bylaws of the association, with all amendments, shall at all times be kept in a convenient place at the main office of the association, and shall be open for inspection to all shareholders during banking hours.

Section 2. Amendments. The bylaws of the association may be amended, altered or repealed, at any regular meeting of the board of directors, by a vote of a majority of the total number of the directors except as provided below, and provided that the following language accompany any such change.

I,                                 , certify that: (1) I am the duly constituted (secretary or treasurer) of                                                           and secretary of its board of directors, and as such officer am the official custodian of its records; (2) the foregoing bylaws are the bylaws of the association, and all of them are now lawfully in force and effect.

I have hereunto affixed my official signature on this                          day of                         .

                             (Secretary or Treasurer)

The association’s shareholders may amend or repeal the bylaws even though the bylaws also may be amended or repealed by the board of directors.

EXHIBIT 6

Section 321(b) Consent

Pursuant to Section 321(b) of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, Wilmington Trust, National Association hereby consents that reports of examinations by Federal, State, Territorial or District authorities may be furnished by such authorities to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon requests therefor.

	WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION
Dated: February 5, 2019	By:	/s/ Shawn Goffinet
		Name: Shawn Goffinet
		Title: Assistant Vice President

EXHIBIT 7

REPORT OF CONDITION

WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION

As of the close of business on September 30, 2018

	Thousands of Dollars
ASSETS
Cash and balances due from depository institutions:		3,451,019
Securities:		5,674
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreement to resell:		0
Loans and leases held for sale:		0
Loans and leases net of unearned income, allowance:		171,771
Premises and fixed asset		4,774
Other real estate owned:		700
Investments in unconsolidated subsidiaries and associated companies:		0
Direct and indirect investments in real estate ventures:		0
Intangible assets:		0
Other assets:		50,826
Total Assets:		3,684,764
	Thousands of Dollars
LIABILITIES
Deposits		3,074,495
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase		0
Other borrowed money:		0
Other Liabilities:		40,453
Total Liabilities		3,114,948
	Thousands of Dollars
EQUITY CAPITAL
Common Stock		1,000
Surplus		397,513
Retained Earnings		171,602
Accumulated other comprehensive income		(299	)
Total Equity Capital		569,816
Total Liabilities and Equity Capital		3,684,764

EX-25.2

Exhibit 25.2

[Information to be completed/provided by obligor]

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM T-1

☐ Check if an Application to Determine Eligibility of a Trustee Pursuant to Section 305(b)(2)

WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION

(Exact name of trustee as specified in its charter)

16-1486454

(I.R.S. employer identification no.)

1100 North Market Street

Wilmington, DE 19890-0001

(Address of principal executive offices)

Janet V Banks

Assistant Vice President

1100 North Market Street

Wilmington, Delaware 19890-0001

(302) 636-4261

(Name, address and telephone number of agent for service)

Par Pacific Holdings, Inc.¹

(Exact name of obligor as specified in its charter)

Delaware	84-1060803
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

825 Town & Country Lane, Suite 1500

Houston, Texas 77024

(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

Subordinated Debt Securities

(Title of the indenture securities)

¹  See Table of Additional Obligors

*TABLE OF ADDITIONAL OBLIGORS

The following subsidiaries of Par Pacific Holdings, Inc. are co-obligors under this registration statement.

Name	Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization	I.R.S. Employer Identification Number
EWI LLC	Delaware	90-0886680
Par Hawaii Refining, LLC	Hawaii	99-0143882
Par Petroleum, LLC	Delaware	46-2908645
Hermes Consolidated, LLC	Delaware	45-2661399
HIE Retail, LLC	Hawaii	90-1009461
Par Hawaii, Inc.	Hawaii	26-0687490
McChord Pipeline Co.	Washington	91-1729544
Mid Pac Petroleum, LLC	Delaware	74-3124532
Par Hawaii Shared Services, LLC	Delaware	32-0480695
Par New Mexico LLC	Delaware	90-0887134
Par Pacific Hawaii Property Company, LLC	Delaware	83-3373890
Par Petroleum Finance Corp.	Delaware	82-3553173
Par Piceance Energy Equity LLC	Delaware	90-0885169
Par Tacoma, LLC	Delaware	46-5769211
Par Utah LLC	Delaware	36-4742186
Par Washington LLC	Delaware	90-0886057
Par Wyoming, LLC	Delaware	81-2999705
Par Wyoming Holdings, LLC	Delaware	38-4006401
Texadian Energy, Inc.	Delaware	20-8617990
U.S. Oil & Refining Co.	Delaware	91-0647317
USOT WA, LLC	Washington	91-0647317
Wyoming Pipeline Company, LLC	Wyoming	38-3860108

The address for each of the co-obligors is c/o Par Pacific Holdings, Inc., 825 Town & Country Lane, Suite 1500, Houston, Texas 77024, Telephone: (281) 899-4800.

The name and address, including zip code, of the agent for service for each of the co-obligors is J. Matthew Vaughn, Senior Vice President and General Counsel of Par Pacific Holdings, Inc., 825 Town & Country Lane, Suite 1500, Houston, Texas 77024. The telephone number, including area code, of the agent for service for each of the co-obligors is (281) 899-4800.

ITEM 1. GENERAL INFORMATION.

Furnish the following information as to the trustee:

(a) Name and address of each examining or supervising authority to which it is subject.

Comptroller of Currency, Washington, D.C.

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, Washington, D.C.

(b) Whether it is authorized to exercise corporate trust powers.

The trustee is authorized to exercise corporate trust powers.

ITEM 2. AFFILIATIONS WITH THE OBLIGOR.

If the obligor is an affiliate of the trustee, describe each affiliation:

Based upon an examination of the books and records of the trustee and information available to the trustee, the obligor is not an affiliate of the trustee.

ITEM 3 – 15. Not applicable

ITEM 16. LIST OF EXHIBITS.

Listed below are all exhibits filed as part of this Statement of Eligibility and Qualification.

1. A copy of the Charter for Wilmington Trust, National Association.

2. The authority of Wilmington Trust, National Association to commence business was granted under the Charter for Wilmington Trust, National Association, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 1 above.

3. The authorization to exercise corporate trust powers was granted under the Charter for Wilmington Trust, National Association, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 1 above.

4. A copy of the existing By-Laws of Trustee, as now in effect, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4 of this Form T-1.

5. Not applicable.

6. The consent of Wilmington Trust, National Association as required by Section 321(b) of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, attached hereto as Exhibit 6 of this Form T-1.

7. Current Report of the Condition of Wilmington Trust, National Association, published pursuant to law or the requirements of its supervising or examining authority, attached hereto as Exhibit 7 of this Form T-1.

8. Not applicable.

9. Not applicable.

SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, the trustee, Wilmington Trust, National Association, a national banking association organized and existing under the laws of the United States of America, has duly caused this Statement of Eligibility to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, all in the City of Dallas and State of Texas on the 5th day of February, 2019.

WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION

By:  /s/ Shawn Goffinet

Name:	Shawn Goffinet
Title:	Assistant Vice President

EXHIBIT 1

CHARTER OF WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION

ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION

OF

WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION

For the purpose of organizing an association to perform any lawful activities of national banks, the undersigned do enter into the following articles of association:

FIRST. The title of this association shall be Wilmington Trust, National Association.

SECOND. The main office of the association shall be in the City of Wilmington, County of New Castle, State of Delaware. The general business of the association shall be conducted at its main office and its branches.

THIRD. The board of directors of this association shall consist of not less than five nor more than twenty-five persons, unless the OCC has exempted the bank from the 25-member limit. The exact number is to be fixed and determined from time to time by resolution of a majority of the full board of directors or by resolution of a majority of the shareholders at any annual or special meeting thereof. Each director shall own common or preferred stock of the association or of a holding company owning the association, with an aggregate par, fair market or equity value $1,000. Determination of these values may be based as of either (i) the date of purchase or (ii) the date the person became a director, whichever value is greater. Any combination of common or preferred stock of the association or holding company may be used.

Any vacancy in the board of directors may be filled by action of a majority of the remaining directors between meetings of shareholders. The board of directors may not increase the number of directors between meetings of shareholders to a number which:

1) exceeds by more than two the number of directors last elected by shareholders where the number was 15 or less; or

2) exceeds by more than four the number of directors last elected by shareholders where the number was 16 or more, but in no event shall the number of directors exceed 25, unless the OCC has exempted the bank from the 25-member limit.

Directors shall be elected for terms of one year and until their successors are elected and qualified. Terms of directors, including directors selected to fill vacancies, shall expire at the next regular meeting of shareholders at which directors are elected, unless the directors resign or are removed from office. Despite the expiration of a director’s term, the director shall continue to serve until his or her successor is elected and qualifies or until there is a decrease in the number of directors and his or her position is eliminated.

Honorary or advisory members of the board of directors, without voting power or power of final decision in matters concerning the business of the association, may be appointed by resolution of a majority of the full board of directors, or by resolution of shareholders at any annual or special meeting. Honorary or advisory directors shall not be counted to determine the number of directors of the association or the presence of a quorum in connection with any board action, and shall not be required to own qualifying shares.

FOURTH. There shall be an annual meeting of the shareholders to elect directors and transact whatever other business may be brought before the meeting. It shall be held at the main office or any other convenient place the board of directors may designate, on the day of each year specified therefor in the bylaws, or, if that day falls on a legal holiday in the state in which the association is located, on the next following banking day. If no election is held on the day fixed, or in the event of a legal holiday on the following banking day, an election may be held on any subsequent day within 60 days of the day fixed, to be designated by the board of directors, or, if the directors fail to fix the day, by shareholders representing two-thirds of the shares issued and outstanding. In all cases at least 10 days advance notice of the time, place and purpose of a shareholders’ meeting shall be given to the shareholders by first class mail, unless the OCC determines that an emergency circumstance exists. The sole shareholder of the bank is permitted to waive notice of the shareholders’ meeting.

In all elections of directors, the number of votes each common shareholder may cast will be determined by multiplying the number of shares such shareholder owns by the number of directors to be elected. Those votes may be cumulated and cast for a single candidate or may be distributed among two or more candidates in the manner selected by the shareholder. If, after the first ballot, subsequent ballots are necessary to elect directors, a shareholder may not vote shares that he or she has already fully cumulated and voted in favor of a successful candidate. On all other questions, each common shareholder shall be entitled to one vote for each share of stock held by him or her.

Nominations for election to the board of directors may be made by the board of directors or by any stockholder of any outstanding class of capital stock of the association entitled to vote for election of directors. Nominations other than those made by or on behalf of the existing management shall be made in writing and be delivered or mailed to the president of the association not less than 14 days nor more than 50 days prior to any meeting of shareholders called for the election of directors; provided, however, that if less than 21 days notice of the meeting is given to shareholders, such nominations shall be mailed or delivered to the president of the association not later than the close of business on the seventh day following the day on which the notice of meeting was mailed. Such notification shall contain the following information to the extent known to the notifying shareholder:

1) The name and address of each proposed nominee.

2) The principal occupation of each proposed nominee.

3) The total number of shares of capital stock of the association that will be voted for each proposed nominee.

4) The name and residence address of the notifying shareholder.

5) The number of shares of capital stock of the association owned by the notifying shareholder.

Nominations not made in accordance herewith may, in his/her discretion, be disregarded by the chairperson of the meeting, and the vote tellers may disregard all votes cast for each such nominee. No bylaw may unreasonably restrict the nomination of directors by shareholders.

A director may resign at any time by delivering written notice to the board of directors, its chairperson, or to the association, which resignation shall be effective when the notice is delivered unless the notice specifies a later effective date.

A director may be removed by shareholders at a meeting called to remove the director, when notice of the meeting stating that the purpose or one of the purposes is to remove the director is provided, if there is a failure to fulfill one of the affirmative requirements for qualification, or for cause; provided, however, that a director may not be removed if the number of votes sufficient to elect the director under cumulative voting is voted against the director’s removal.

FIFTH. The authorized amount of capital stock of this association shall be ten thousand shares of common stock of the par value of one hundred dollars ($100) each; but said capital stock may be increased or decreased from time to time, according to the provisions of the laws of the United States.

No holder of shares of the capital stock of any class of the association shall have any preemptive or preferential right of subscription to any shares of any class of stock of the association, whether now or hereafter authorized, or to any obligations convertible into stock of the association, issued, or sold, nor any right of subscription to any thereof other than such, if any, as the board of directors, in its discretion, may from time to time determine and at such price as the board of directors may from time to time fix. Preemptive rights also must be approved by a vote of holders of two-thirds of the bank’s outstanding voting shares. Unless otherwise specified in these articles of association or required by law, (1) all matters requiring shareholder action, including amendments to the articles of association, must be approved by shareholders owning a majority voting interest in the outstanding voting stock, and (2) each shareholder shall be entitled to one vote per share.

Unless otherwise specified in these articles of association or required by law, all shares of voting stock shall be voted together as a class, on any matters requiring shareholder approval. If a proposed amendment would affect two or more classes or series in the same or a substantially similar way, all the classes or series so affected must vote together as a single voting group on the proposed amendment.

Shares of one class or series may be issued as a dividend for shares of the same class or series on a pro rata basis and without consideration. Shares of one class or series may be issued as share dividends for a different class or series of stock if approved by a majority of the votes entitled to be cast by the class or series to be issued, unless there are no outstanding shares of the class or series to be issued. Unless otherwise provided by the board of directors, the record date for determining shareholders entitled to a share dividend shall be the date authorized by the board of directors for the share dividend.

Unless otherwise provided in the bylaws, the record date for determining shareholders entitled to notice of and to vote at any meeting is the close of business on the day before the first notice is mailed or otherwise sent to the shareholders, provided that in no event may a record date be more than 70 days before the meeting.

If a shareholder is entitled to fractional shares pursuant to a stock dividend, consolidation or merger, reverse stock split or otherwise, the association may: (a) issue fractional shares; (b) in lieu of the issuance of fractional shares, issue script or warrants entitling the holder to receive a full share upon surrendering enough script or warrants to equal a full share; (c) if there is an established and active market in the association’s stock, make reasonable arrangements to provide the shareholder with an opportunity to realize a fair price through sale of the fraction, or purchase of the additional fraction required for a full share; (d) remit the cash equivalent of the fraction to the shareholder; or (e) sell full shares representing all the fractions at public auction or to the highest bidder after having solicited and received sealed bids from at least three licensed stock brokers; and distribute the proceeds pro rata to shareholders who otherwise would be entitled to the fractional shares. The holder of a fractional share is entitled to exercise the rights for shareholder, including the right to vote, to receive dividends, and to participate in the assets of the association upon liquidation, in proportion to the fractional interest. The holder of script or warrants is not entitled to any of these rights unless the script or warrants explicitly provide for such rights. The script or warrants may be subject to such additional conditions as: (1) that the script or warrants will become void if not exchanged for full shares before a specified date; and (2) that the shares for which the script or warrants are exchangeable may be sold at the option of the association and the proceeds paid to scriptholders.

The association, at any time and from time to time, may authorize and issue debt obligations, whether or not subordinated, without the approval of the shareholders. Obligations classified as debt, whether or not subordinated, which may be issued by the association without the approval of shareholders, do not carry voting rights on any issue, including an increase or decrease in the aggregate number of the securities, or the exchange or reclassification of all or part of securities into securities of another class or series.

SIXTH. The board of directors shall appoint one of its members president of this association, and one of its members chairperson of the board and shall have the power to appoint one or more vice presidents, a secretary who shall keep minutes of the directors’ and shareholders’ meetings and be responsible for authenticating the records of the association, and such other officers and employees as may be required to transact the business of this association.

A duly appointed officer may appoint one or more officers or assistant officers if authorized by the board of directors in accordance with the bylaws.

The board of directors shall have the power to:

1) Define the duties of the officers, employees, and agents of the association.

2) Delegate the performance of its duties, but not the responsibility for its duties, to the officers, employees, and agents of the association.

3) Fix the compensation and enter into employment contracts with its officers and employees upon reasonable terms and conditions consistent with applicable law.

4) Dismiss officers and employees.

5) Require bonds from officers and employees and to fix the penalty thereof.

6) Ratify written policies authorized by the association’s management or committees of the board.

7) Regulate the manner in which any increase or decrease of the capital of the association shall be made, provided that nothing herein shall restrict the power of shareholders to increase or decrease the capital of the association in accordance with law, and nothing shall raise or lower from two-thirds the percentage required for shareholder approval to increase or reduce the capital.

8) Manage and administer the business and affairs of the association.

9) Adopt initial bylaws, not inconsistent with law or the articles of association, for managing the business and regulating the affairs of the association.

10) Amend or repeal bylaws, except to the extent that the articles of association reserve this power in whole or in part to shareholders.

11) Make contracts.

12) Generally perform all acts that are legal for a board of directors to perform.

SEVENTH. The board of directors shall have the power to change the location of the main office to any other place within the limits of Wilmington, Delaware, without the approval of the shareholders, or with a vote of shareholders owning two-thirds of the stock of such association for a relocation outside such limits and upon receipt of a certificate of approval from the Comptroller of the Currency, to any other location within or outside the limits of Wilmington Delaware, but not more than 30 miles beyond such limits. The board of directors shall have the power to establish or change the location of any branch or branches of the association to any other location permitted under applicable law, without approval of shareholders, subject to approval by the Comptroller of the Currency.

EIGHTH. The corporate existence of this association shall continue until termination according to the laws of the United States.

NINTH. The board of directors of this association, or any one or more shareholders owning, in the aggregate, not less than 50 percent of the stock of this association, may call a special meeting of shareholders at any time. Unless otherwise provided by the bylaws or the laws of the United States, a notice of the time, place, and purpose of every annual and special meeting of the shareholders shall be given at least 10 days prior to the meeting by first-class mail, unless the OCC determines that an emergency circumstance exists. If the association is a wholly-owned subsidiary, the sole shareholder may waive notice of the shareholders’ meeting. Unless otherwise provided by the bylaws or these articles, any action requiring approval of shareholders must be effected at a duly called annual or special meeting.

TENTH. For purposes of this Article Tenth, the term “institution-affiliated party” shall mean any institution-affiliated party of the association as such term is defined in 12 U.S.C. 1813(u).

Any institution-affiliated party (or his or her heirs, executors or administrators) may be indemnified or reimbursed by the association for reasonable expenses actually incurred in connection with any threatened, pending or completed actions or proceedings and appeals therein, whether civil, criminal, governmental, administrative or investigative, in accordance with and to the fullest extent permitted by law, as such law now or hereafter exists; provided, however, that when an administrative proceeding or action instituted by a federal banking agency results in a final order or settlement pursuant to which such person: (i) is assessed a civil money penalty, (ii) is removed from office or prohibited from participating in the conduct of the affairs of the association, or (iii) is required to cease and desist from or to take any affirmative action described in 12 U.S.C. 1818(b) with respect to the association, then the association shall require the repayment of all legal fees and expenses advanced pursuant to the next succeeding paragraph and may not indemnify such institution-affiliated parties (or their heirs, executors or administrators) for expenses, including expenses for legal fees, penalties or other payments incurred. The association shall provide indemnification in connection with an action or proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by an institution-affiliated party (or by his or her heirs, executors or administrators) only if such action or proceeding (or part thereof) was authorized by the board of directors.

Expenses incurred by an institution-affiliated party (or by his or her heirs, executors or administrators) in connection with any action or proceeding under 12 U.S.C. 164 or 1818 may be paid by the association in advance of the final disposition of such action or proceeding upon (a) a determination by the board of directors acting by a quorum consisting of directors who are not parties to such action or proceeding that the institution-affiliated party (or his or her heirs, executors or administrators) has a reasonable basis for prevailing on the merits, (b) a determination that the indemnified individual (or his or her heirs, executors or administrators) will have the financial capacity to reimburse the bank in the event he or she does not prevail, (c) a determination that the payment of expenses and fees by the association will not adversely affect the safety and soundness of the association, and (d) receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of such institution-affiliated party (or by his or her heirs, executors or administrators) to repay such advancement in the event of a final order or settlement pursuant to which such person: (i) is assessed a civil money penalty, (ii) is removed from office or prohibited from participating in the conduct of the affairs of the association, or (iii) is required to cease and desist from or to take any affirmative action described in 12 U.S.C. 1818(b) with respect to the association. In all other instances, expenses incurred by an institution-affiliated party (or by his or her heirs, executors or administrators) in connection with any action or proceeding as to which indemnification may be given under these articles of association may be paid by the association in advance of the final disposition of such action or proceeding upon (a) receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of such institution-affiliated party (or by or on behalf of his or her heirs, executors or administrators) to repay such advancement in the event that

such institution-affiliated party (or his or her heirs, executors or administrators) is ultimately found not to be entitled to indemnification as authorized by these articles of association and (b) approval by the board of directors acting by a quorum consisting of directors who are not parties to such action or proceeding or, if such a quorum is not obtainable, then approval by stockholders. To the extent permitted by law, the board of directors or, if applicable, the stockholders, shall not be required to find that the institution-affiliated party has met the applicable standard of conduct provided by law for indemnification in connection with such action or proceeding.

In the event that a majority of the members of the board of directors are named as respondents in an administrative proceeding or civil action and request indemnification, the remaining members of the board may authorize independent legal counsel to review the indemnification request and provide the remaining members of the board with a written opinion of counsel as to whether the conditions delineated in the first four paragraphs of this Article Tenth have been met. If independent legal counsel opines that said conditions have been met, the remaining members of the board of directors may rely on such opinion in authorizing the requested indemnification.

In the event that all of the members of the board of directors are named as respondents in an administrative proceeding or civil action and request indemnification, the board shall authorize independent legal counsel to review the indemnification request and provide the board with a written opinion of counsel as to whether the conditions delineated in the first four paragraphs of this Article Tenth have been met. If legal counsel opines that said conditions have been met, the board of directors may rely on such opinion in authorizing the requested indemnification.

To the extent permitted under applicable law, the rights of indemnification and to the advancement of expenses provided in these articles of association (a) shall be available with respect to events occurring prior to the adoption of these articles of association, (b) shall continue to exist after any restrictive amendment of these articles of association with respect to events occurring prior to such amendment, (c) may be interpreted on the basis of applicable law in effect at the time of the occurrence of the event or events giving rise to the action or proceeding, or on the basis of applicable law in effect at the time such rights are claimed, and (d) are in the nature of contract rights which may be enforced in any court of competent jurisdiction as if the association and the institution-affiliated party (or his or her heirs, executors or administrators) for whom such rights are sought were parties to a separate written agreement.

The rights of indemnification and to the advancement of expenses provided in these articles of association shall not, to the extent permitted under applicable law, be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which any such institution affiliated party (or his or her heirs, executors or administrators) may now or hereafter be otherwise entitled whether contained in these articles of association, the bylaws, a resolution of stockholders, a resolution of the board of directors, or an agreement providing such indemnification, the creation of such other rights being hereby expressly authorized. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the rights of indemnification and to the advancement of expenses provided in these articles of association shall not be deemed exclusive of any rights, pursuant to statute or otherwise, of any such institution-affiliated party (or of his or her heirs, executors or administrators) in any such action or proceeding to have assessed or allowed in his or her favor, against the association or otherwise, his or her costs and expenses incurred therein or in connection therewith or any part thereof.

If this Article Tenth or any part hereof shall be held unenforceable in any respect by a court of competent jurisdiction, it shall be deemed modified to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable, and the remainder of this Article Tenth shall remain fully enforceable.

The association may, upon affirmative vote of a majority of its board of directors, purchase insurance to indemnify its institution-affiliated parties to the extent that such indemnification is allowed in these articles of association; provided, however, that no such insurance shall include coverage to pay or reimburse any institution-affiliated party for the cost of any judgment or civil money penalty assessed against such person in an administrative proceeding or civil action commenced by any federal banking agency. Such insurance may, but need not, be for the benefit of all institution-affiliated parties.

ELEVENTH. These articles of association may be amended at any regular or special meeting of the shareholders by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the stock of this association, unless the vote of the holders of a greater amount of stock is required by law, and in that case by the vote of the holders of such greater amount. The association’s board of directors may propose one or more amendments to the articles of association for submission to the shareholders.

EXHIBIT 4

BY-LAWS OF WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION

AMENDED AND RESTATED BYLAWS

OF

WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION

(Effective as of April 17, 2018)

ARTICLE I

Meetings of Shareholders

Section 1. Annual Meeting. The annual meeting of the shareholders to elect directors and transact whatever other business may properly come before the meeting shall be held at the main office of the association, Rodney Square North, 1100 Market Street, City of Wilmington, State of Delaware, at 1:00 o’clock p.m. on the first Tuesday in March of each year, or at such other place and time as the board of directors may designate, or if that date falls on a legal holiday in Delaware, on the next following banking day. Notice of the meeting shall be mailed by first class mail, postage prepaid, at least 10 days and no more than 60 days prior to the date thereof, addressed to each shareholder at his/her address appearing on the books of the association. If, for any cause, an election of directors is not made on that date, or in the event of a legal holiday, on the next following banking day, an election may be held on any subsequent day within 60 days of the date fixed, to be designated by the board of directors, or, if the directors fail to fix the date, by shareholders representing two-thirds of the shares. In these circumstances, at least 10 days’ notice must be given by first class mail to shareholders.

Section 2. Special Meetings. Except as otherwise specifically provided by statute, special meetings of the shareholders may be called for any purpose at any time by the board of directors or by any one or more shareholders owning, in the aggregate, not less than fifty percent of the stock of the association. Every such special meeting, unless otherwise provided by law, shall be called by mailing, postage prepaid, not less than 10 days nor more than 60 days prior to the date fixed for the meeting, to each shareholder at the address appearing on the books of the association a notice stating the purpose of the meeting.

The board of directors may fix a record date for determining shareholders entitled to notice and to vote at any meeting, in reasonable proximity to the date of giving notice to the shareholders of such meeting. The record date for determining shareholders entitled to demand a special meeting is the date the first shareholder signs a demand for the meeting describing the purpose or purposes for which it is to be held.

A special meeting may be called by shareholders or the board of directors to amend the articles of association or bylaws, whether or not such bylaws may be amended by the board of directors in the absence of shareholder approval.

If an annual or special shareholders’ meeting is adjourned to a different date, time, or place, notice need not be given of the new date, time or place, if the new date, time or place is announced at the meeting before adjournment, unless any additional items of business are to be considered, or the association becomes aware of an intervening event materially affecting any matter to be voted on more than 10 days prior to the date to which the meeting is adjourned. If a new record date for the adjourned meeting is fixed, however, notice of the adjourned meeting must be given to persons who are shareholders as of the new record date. If, however, the meeting to elect the directors is adjourned before the election takes place, at least ten days’ notice of the new election must be given to the shareholders by first-class mail.

Section 3. Nominations of Directors. Nominations for election to the board of directors may be made by the board of directors or by any stockholder of any outstanding class of capital stock of the association entitled to vote for the election of directors. Nominations, other than those made by or on behalf of the existing management of the association, shall be made in writing and shall be delivered or mailed to the president of the association and the Comptroller of the Currency, Washington, D.C., not less than 14 days nor more than 50 days prior to any meeting of shareholders called for the election of directors; provided, however, that if less than 21 days’ notice of the meeting is given to shareholders, such nomination shall be mailed or delivered to the president of the association not later than the close of business on the seventh day following the day on which the notice of meeting was mailed. Such notification shall contain the following information to the extent known to the notifying shareholder:

(1) The name and address of each proposed nominee;

(2) The principal occupation of each proposed nominee;

(3) The total number of shares of capital stock of the association that will be voted for each proposed nominee;

(4) The name and residence of the notifying shareholder; and

(5) The number of shares of capital stock of the association owned by the notifying shareholder.

Nominations not made in accordance herewith may, in his/her discretion, be disregarded by the chairperson of the meeting, and upon his/her instructions, the vote tellers may disregard all votes cast for each such nominee.

Section 4. Proxies. Shareholders may vote at any meeting of the shareholders by proxies duly authorized in writing, but no officer or employee of this association shall act as proxy. Proxies shall be valid only for one meeting, to be specified therein, and any adjournments of such meeting. Proxies shall be dated and filed with the records of the meeting. Proxies with facsimile signatures may be used and unexecuted proxies may be counted upon receipt of a written confirmation from the shareholder. Proxies meeting the above requirements submitted at any time during a meeting shall be accepted.

Section 5. Quorum. A majority of the outstanding capital stock, represented in person or by proxy, shall constitute a quorum at any meeting of shareholders, unless otherwise provided by law, or by the shareholders or directors pursuant to Article IX, Section 2, but less than a quorum may adjourn any meeting, from time to time, and the meeting may be held, as adjourned, without further notice. A majority of the votes cast shall decide every question or matter submitted to the shareholders at any meeting, unless otherwise provided by law or by the articles of association, or by the shareholders or directors pursuant to Article IX, Section 2. If a meeting for the election of directors is not held on the fixed date, at least 10 days’ notice must be given by first-class mail to the shareholders.

ARTICLE II

Directors

Section 1. Board of Directors. The board of directors shall have the power to manage and administer the business and affairs of the association. Except as expressly limited by law, all corporate powers of the association shall be vested in and may be exercised by the board of directors.

Section 2. Number. The board of directors shall consist of not less than five nor more than twenty-five members, unless the OCC has exempted the bank from the 25-member limit. The exact number within such minimum and maximum limits is to be fixed and determined from time to time by resolution of a majority of the full board of directors or by resolution of a majority of the shareholders at any meeting thereof.

Section 3. Organization Meeting. The secretary or treasurer, upon receiving the certificate of the judges of the result of any election, shall notify the directors-elect of their election and of the time at which they are required to meet at the main office of the association, or at such other place in the cities of Wilmington, Delaware or Buffalo, New York, to organize the new board of directors and elect and appoint officers of the association for the succeeding year. Such meeting shall be held on the day of the election or as soon thereafter as practicable, and, in any event, within 30 days thereof. If, at the time fixed for such meeting, there shall not be a quorum, the directors present may adjourn the meeting, from time to time, until a quorum is obtained.

Section 4. Regular Meetings. The Board of Directors may, at any time and from time to time, by resolution designate the place, date and hour for the holding of a regular meeting, but in the absence of any such designation, regular meetings of the board of directors shall be held, without notice, on the first Tuesday of each March, June and September, and on the second Tuesday of each December at the main office or other such place as the board of directors may designate. When any regular meeting of the board of directors falls upon a holiday, the meeting shall be held on the next banking business day unless the board of directors shall designate another day.

Section 5. Special Meetings. Special meetings of the board of directors may be called by the Chairman of the Board of the association, or at the request of two or more directors. Each member of the board of directors shall be given notice by telegram, first class mail, or in person stating the time and place of each special meeting.

Section 6. Quorum. A majority of the entire board then in office shall constitute a quorum at any meeting, except when otherwise provided by law or these bylaws, but a lesser number may adjourn any meeting, from time to time, and the meeting may be held, as adjourned, without further notice. If the number of directors present at the meeting is reduced below the number that would constitute a quorum, no business may be transacted, except selecting directors to fill vacancies in conformance with Article II, Section 7. If a quorum is present, the board of directors may take action through the vote of a majority of the directors who are in attendance.

Section 7. Meetings by Conference Telephone. Any one or more members of the board of directors or any committee thereof may participate in a meeting of such board or committees by means of a conference telephone or similar communications equipment allowing all persons participating in the meeting to hear each other at the same time. Participation in a meeting by such means shall constitute presence in person at such meeting.

Section 8. Procedures. The order of business and all other matters of procedure at every meeting of the board of directors may be determined by the person presiding at the meeting.

Section 9. Removal of Directors. Any director may be removed for cause, at any meeting of stockholders notice of which shall have referred to the proposed action, by vote of the stockholders. Any director may be removed without cause, at any meeting of stockholders notice of which shall have referred to the proposed action, by the vote of the holders of a majority of the shares of the Corporation entitled to vote. Any director may be removed for cause, at any meeting of the directors notice of which shall have referred to the proposed action, by vote of a majority of the entire Board of Directors.

Section 10. Vacancies. When any vacancy occurs among the directors, a majority of the remaining members of the board of directors, according to the laws of the United States, may appoint a director to fill such vacancy at any regular meeting of the board of directors, or at a special meeting called for that purpose at which a quorum is present, or if the directors remaining in office constitute fewer than a quorum of the board of directors, by the affirmative vote of a majority of all the directors remaining in office, or by shareholders at a special meeting called for that purpose in conformance with Section 2 of Article I. At any such shareholder meeting, each shareholder entitled to vote shall have the right to multiply the number of votes he or she is entitled to cast by the number of vacancies being filled and cast the product for a single candidate or distribute the product among two or more candidates. A vacancy that will occur at a specific later date (by reason of a resignation effective at a later date) may be filled before the vacancy occurs but the new director may not take office until the vacancy occurs.

ARTICLE III

Committees of the Board

The board of directors has power over and is solely responsible for the management, supervision, and administration of the association. The board of directors may delegate its power, but none of its responsibilities, to such persons or committees as the board may determine.

The board of directors must formally ratify written policies authorized by committees of the board of directors before such policies become effective. Each committee must have one or more member(s), and who may be an officer of the association or an officer or director of any affiliate of the association, who serve at the pleasure of the board of directors. Provisions of the articles of association and these bylaws governing place of meetings, notice of meeting, quorum and voting requirements of the board of directors, apply to committees and their members as well. The creation of a committee and appointment of members to it must be approved by the board of directors.

Section 1. Loan Committee. There shall be a loan committee composed of not less than 2 directors, appointed by the board of directors annually or more often. The loan committee, on behalf of the bank, shall have power to discount and purchase bills, notes and other evidences of debt, to buy and sell bills of exchange, to examine and approve loans and discounts, to exercise authority regarding loans and discounts, and to exercise, when the board of directors is not in session, all other powers of the board of directors that may lawfully be delegated. The loan committee shall keep minutes of its meetings, and such minutes shall be submitted at the next regular meeting of the board of directors at which a quorum is present, and any action taken by the board of directors with respect thereto shall be entered in the minutes of the board of directors.

Section 2. Investment Committee. There shall be an investment committee composed of not less than 2 directors, appointed by the board of directors annually or more often. The investment committee, on behalf of the bank, shall have the power to ensure adherence to the investment policy, to recommend amendments thereto, to purchase and sell securities, to exercise authority regarding investments and to exercise, when the board of directors is not in session, all other powers of the board of directors regarding investment securities that may be lawfully delegated. The investment committee shall keep minutes of its meetings, and such minutes shall be submitted at the next regular meeting of the board of directors at which a quorum is present, and any action taken by the board of directors with respect thereto shall be entered in the minutes of the board of directors.

Section 3. Examining Committee. There shall be an examining committee composed of not less than 2 directors, exclusive of any active officers, appointed by the board of directors annually or more often. The duty of that committee shall be to examine at least once during each calendar year and within 15 months of the last examination the affairs of the association or cause suitable examinations to be made by auditors responsible only to the board of directors and to report the result of such examination in writing to the board of directors at the next regular meeting thereafter. Such report shall state whether the association is in a sound condition, and whether adequate internal controls and procedures are being maintained and shall recommend to the board of directors such changes in the manner of conducting the affairs of the association as shall be deemed advisable.

Notwithstanding the provisions of the first paragraph of this section 3, the responsibility and authority of the Examining Committee may, if authorized by law, be given over to a duly constituted audit committee of the association’s parent corporation by a resolution duly adopted by the board of directors.

Section 4. Trust Audit Committee. There shall be a trust audit committee in conformance with Section 1 of Article V.

Section 5. Other Committees. The board of directors may appoint, from time to time, from its own members, compensation, special litigation and other committees of one or more persons, for such purposes and with such powers as the board of directors may determine.

However, a committee may not:

(1) Authorize distributions of assets or dividends;

(2) Approve action required to be approved by shareholders;

(3) Fill vacancies on the board of directors or any of its committees;

(5) Amend articles of association;

(6) Adopt, amend or repeal bylaws; or

(6) Authorize or approve issuance or sale or contract for sale of shares, or determine the designation and relative rights, preferences and limitations of a class or series of shares.

Section 6. Committee Members’ Fees. Committee members may receive a fee for their services as committee members and traveling and other out-of-pocket expenses incurred in attending any meeting of a committee of which they are a member. The fee may be a fixed sum to be paid for attending each meeting or a fixed sum to be paid quarterly, or semiannually, irrespective of the number of meetings attended or not attended. The amount of the fee and the basis on which it shall be paid shall be determined by the board of directors.

ARTICLE IV

Officers and Employees

Section 1. Officers. The board of directors shall annually, at the Annual Reorganization Meeting of the board of directors following the annual meeting of the shareholders, appoint or elect a Chairperson of the Board, a Chief Executive Officer and a President, and one or more Vice Presidents, a Corporate Secretary, a Treasurer, a General Auditor, and such other officers as it may determine. At the Annual Reorganization Meeting, the board of directors shall also elect or reelect all of the officers of the association to hold office until the next Annual Reorganization Meeting. In the interim between Annual Reorganization Meetings, the board of directors may also elect or appoint a Chief Executive Officer, a President or such additional officers to the rank of Vice President, including (without limitation as to title or number) one or more Administrative Vice Presidents, Group Vice Presidents, Senior Vice Presidents and Executive Vice Presidents, and any other officer positions as they deem necessary and appropriate. The Chief Executive Officer of M&T Bank, the head of the Human Resources Department of M&T Bank, and any one executive Vice Chairman of M&T Bank, acting jointly, may appoint one or more officers to the rank of Executive Vice President or Senior Vice President. The head of the Human Resources Department of M&T Bank or his or her designee or designees, may appoint other officers up to the rank of Group Vice President, including (without limitation as to title or number) one or more Administrative Vice Presidents, Vice Presidents, Assistant Vice Presidents, Assistant Secretaries, Assistant Treasurers and Assistant Auditors, and any other officer positions as they deem necessary and appropriate. Each such person elected or appointed by the board of directors, the Chief Executive Officer of M&T Bank, the head of the Human Resources Department of M&T Bank, and an executive Vice Chairman of M&T Bank, acting jointly, or the head of the Human Resources Department of M&T Bank or his or her designee or designees, in between Annual Reorganization Meetings shall hold office until the next Annual Reorganization Meeting unless otherwise determined by the board of directors or such authorized officers.

Section 2. Chairperson of the Board. The board of directors shall appoint one of its members to be the chairperson of the board to serve at its pleasure. Such person shall preside at all meetings of the board of directors. The chairperson of the board shall supervise the carrying out of the policies adopted or approved by the board of directors; shall have general executive powers, as well as the specific powers conferred by these bylaws; and shall also have and may exercise such further powers and duties as from time to time may be conferred upon or assigned by the board of directors.

Section 3. President. The board of directors shall appoint one of its members to be the president of the association. In the absence of the chairperson, the president shall preside at any meeting of the board of directors. The president shall have general executive powers and shall have and may exercise any and all other powers and duties pertaining by law, regulation, or practice to the office of president, or imposed by these bylaws. The president shall also have and may exercise such further powers and duties as from time to time may be conferred or assigned by the board of directors.

Section 4. Vice President. The board of directors may appoint one or more vice presidents. Each vice president shall have such powers and duties as may be assigned by the board of directors. One vice president shall be designated by the board of directors, in the absence of the president, to perform all the duties of the president.

Section 5. Secretary. The board of directors shall appoint a secretary, treasurer, or other designated officer who shall be secretary of the board of directors and of the association and who shall keep accurate minutes of all meetings. The secretary shall attend to the giving of all notices required by these bylaws; shall be custodian of the corporate seal, records, documents and papers of the association; shall provide for the keeping of proper records of all transactions of the association; shall have and may exercise any and all other powers and duties pertaining by law, regulation or practice to the office of treasurer, or imposed by these bylaws; and shall also perform such other duties as may be assigned from time to time, by the board of directors.

Section 6. Other Officers. The board of directors may appoint one or more assistant vice presidents, one or more trust officers, one or more assistant secretaries, one or more assistant treasurers, one or more managers and assistant managers of branches and such other officers and attorneys in fact as from time to time may appear to the board of directors to be required or desirable to transact the business of the association. Such officers shall respectively exercise such powers and perform such duties as pertain to their several offices, or as may be conferred upon or assigned to them by the board of directors, the chairperson of the board, or the president. The board of directors may authorize an officer to appoint one or more officers or assistant officers.

Section 7. Tenure of Office. The president and all other officers shall hold office for the current year for which the board of directors was elected, unless they shall resign, become disqualified, or be removed; and any vacancy occurring in the office of president shall be filled promptly by the board of directors.

Section 8. Resignation. An officer may resign at any time by delivering notice to the association. A resignation is effective when the notice is given unless the notice specifies a later effective date.

ARTICLE V

Fiduciary Activities

Section 1. Trust Audit Committee. There shall be a Trust Audit Committee composed of not less than 2 directors, appointed by the board of directors, which shall, at least once during each calendar year make suitable audits of the association’s fiduciary activities or cause suitable audits to be made by auditors responsible only to the board, and at such time shall ascertain whether fiduciary powers have been administered according to law, Part 9 of the Regulations of the Comptroller of the Currency, and sound fiduciary principles. Such committee: (1) must not include any officers of the bank or an affiliate who participate significantly in the administration of the bank’s fiduciary activities; and (2) must consist of a majority of members who are not also members of any committee to which the board of directors has delegated power to manage and control the fiduciary activities of the bank.

Notwithstanding the provisions of the first paragraph of this section 1, the responsibility and authority of the Trust Audit Committee may, if authorized by law, be given over to a duly constituted audit committee of the association’s parent corporation by a resolution duly adopted by the board of directors.

Section 2. Fiduciary Files. There shall be maintained by the association all fiduciary records necessary to assure that its fiduciary responsibilities have been properly undertaken and discharged.

Section 3. Trust Investments. Funds held in a fiduciary capacity shall be invested according to the instrument establishing the fiduciary relationship and applicable law. Where such instrument does not specify the character and class of investments to be made, but does vest in the association investment discretion, funds held pursuant to such instrument shall be invested in investments in which corporate fiduciaries may invest under applicable law.

ARTICLE VI

Stock and Stock Certificates

Section 1. Transfers. Shares of stock shall be transferable on the books of the association, and a transfer book shall be kept in which all transfers of stock shall be recorded. Every person becoming a shareholder by such transfer shall in proportion to such shareholder’s shares, succeed to all rights of the prior holder of such shares. The board of directors may impose conditions upon the transfer of the stock reasonably calculated to simplify the work of the association with respect to stock transfers, voting at shareholder meetings and related matters and to protect it against fraudulent transfers.

Section 2. Stock Certificates. Certificates of stock shall bear the signature of the president (which may be engraved, printed or impressed) and shall be signed manually or by facsimile process by the secretary, assistant secretary, treasurer, assistant treasurer, or any other officer appointed by the board of directors for that purpose, to be known as an authorized officer, and the seal of the association shall be engraved thereon. Each certificate shall recite on its face that the stock represented thereby is transferable only upon the books of the association properly endorsed.

The board of directors may adopt or use procedures for replacing lost, stolen, or destroyed stock certificates as permitted by law.

The association may establish a procedure through which the beneficial owner of shares that are registered in the name of a nominee may be recognized by the association as the shareholder. The procedure may set forth:

(1) The types of nominees to which it applies;

(2) The rights or privileges that the association recognizes in a beneficial owner;

(3) How the nominee may request the association to recognize the beneficial owner as the shareholder;

(4) The information that must be provided when the procedure is selected;

(5) The period over which the association will continue to recognize the beneficial owner as the shareholder;

(6) Other aspects of the rights and duties created.

ARTICLE VII

Corporate Seal

Section 1. Seal. The seal of the association shall be in such form as may be determined from time to time by the board of directors. The president, the treasurer, the secretary or any assistant treasurer or assistant secretary, or other officer thereunto designated by the board of directors shall have authority to affix the corporate seal to any document requiring such seal and to attest the same. The seal on any corporate obligation for the payment of money may be facsimile.

ARTICLE VIII

Miscellaneous Provisions

Section 1. Fiscal Year. The fiscal year of the association shall be the calendar year.

Section 2. Execution of Instruments. All agreements, indentures, mortgages, deeds, conveyances, transfers, certificates, declarations, receipts, discharges, releases, satisfactions, settlements, petitions, schedules, accounts, affidavits, bonds, undertakings, proxies and other instruments or documents may be signed, executed, acknowledged, verified, delivered or accepted on behalf of the association by the chairperson of the board, or the president, or any vice president, or the secretary, or the treasurer, or, if in connection with the exercise of fiduciary powers of the association, by any of those offices or by any trust officer. Any such instruments may also be executed, acknowledged, verified, delivered or accepted on behalf of the association in such other manner and by such other officers as the board of directors may from time to time direct. The provisions of this section 2 are supplementary to any other provision of these bylaws.

Section 3. Records. The articles of association, the bylaws and the proceedings of all meetings of the shareholders, the board of directors, and standing committees of the board of directors shall be recorded in appropriate minute books provided for that purpose. The minutes of each meeting shall be signed by the secretary, treasurer or other officer appointed to act as secretary of the meeting.

Section 4. Corporate Governance Procedures. To the extent not inconsistent with federal banking statutes and regulations, or safe and sound banking practices, the association may follow the Delaware General Corporation Law, Del. Code Ann. tit. 8 (1991, as amended 1994, and as amended thereafter) with respect to matters of corporate governance procedures.

Section 5. Indemnification. For purposes of this Section 5 of Article VIII, the term “institution-affiliated party” shall mean any institution-affiliated party of the association as such term is defined in 12 U.S.C. 1813(u).

Any institution-affiliated party (or his or her heirs, executors or administrators) may be indemnified or reimbursed by the association for reasonable expenses actually incurred in connection with any threatened, pending or completed actions or proceedings and appeals therein, whether civil, criminal, governmental, administrative or investigative, in accordance with and to the fullest extent permitted by law, as such law now or hereafter exists; provided, however, that when an administrative proceeding or action instituted by a federal banking agency results in a final order or settlement pursuant to which such person: (i) is assessed a civil money penalty, (ii) is removed from office or prohibited from participating in the conduct of the affairs of the association, or (iii) is required to cease and desist from or to take any affirmative action described in 12 U.S.C. 1818(b) with respect to the association, then the association shall require the repayment of all legal fees and expenses advanced pursuant to the next succeeding paragraph and may not indemnify such institution-affiliated parties (or their heirs, executors or administrators) for expenses, including expenses for legal fees, penalties or other payments incurred. The association shall provide indemnification in connection with an action or proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by an institution-affiliated party (or by his or her heirs, executors or administrators) only if such action or proceeding (or part thereof) was authorized by the board of directors.

Expenses incurred by an institution-affiliated party (or by his or her heirs, executors or administrators) in connection with any action or proceeding under 12 U.S.C. 164 or 1818 may be paid by the association in advance of the final disposition of such action or proceeding upon (a) a determination by the board of directors acting by a quorum consisting of directors who are not parties to such action or proceeding that the institution-affiliated party (or his or her heirs, executors or administrators) has a

reasonable basis for prevailing on the merits, (b) a determination that the indemnified individual (or his or her heirs, executors or administrators) will have the financial capacity to reimburse the bank in the event he or she does not prevail, (c) a determination that the payment of expenses and fees by the association will not adversely affect the safety and soundness of the association, and (d) receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of such institution-affiliated party (or by his or her heirs, executors or administrators) to repay such advancement in the event of a final order or settlement pursuant to which such person: (i) is assessed a civil money penalty, (ii) is removed from office or prohibited from participating in the conduct of the affairs of the association, or (iii) is required to cease and desist from or to take any affirmative action described in 12 U.S.C. 1818(b) with respect to the association. In all other instances, expenses incurred by an institution-affiliated party (or by his or her heirs, executors or administrators) in connection with any action or proceeding as to which indemnification may be given under these articles of association may be paid by the association in advance of the final disposition of such action or proceeding upon (a) receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of such institution-affiliated party (or by or on behalf of his or her heirs, executors or administrators) to repay such advancement in the event that such institution- affiliated party (or his or her heirs, executors or administrators) is ultimately found not to be entitled to indemnification as authorized by these bylaws and (b) approval by the board of directors acting by a quorum consisting of directors who are not parties to such action or proceeding or, if such a quorum is not obtainable, then approval by stockholders. To the extent permitted by law, the board of directors or, if applicable, the stockholders, shall not be required to find that the institution-affiliated party has met the applicable standard of conduct provided by law for indemnification in connection with such action or proceeding.

In the event that a majority of the members of the board of directors are named as respondents in an administrative proceeding or civil action and request indemnification, the remaining members of the board may authorize independent legal counsel to review the indemnification request and provide the remaining members of the board with a written opinion of counsel as to whether the conditions delineated in the first four paragraphs of this Section 5 of Article VIII have been met. If independent legal counsel opines that said conditions have been met, the remaining members of the board of directors may rely on such opinion in authorizing the requested indemnification.

In the event that all of the members of the board of directors are named as respondents in an administrative proceeding or civil action and request indemnification, the board shall authorize independent legal counsel to review the indemnification request and provide the board with a written opinion of counsel as to whether the conditions delineated in the first four paragraphs of this Section 5 of Article VIII have been met. If legal counsel opines that said conditions have been met, the board of directors may rely on such opinion in authorizing the requested indemnification.

To the extent permitted under applicable law, the rights of indemnification and to the advancement of expenses provided in these articles of association (a) shall be available with respect to events occurring prior to the adoption of these bylaws, (b) shall continue to exist after any restrictive amendment of these bylaws with respect to events occurring prior to such amendment, (c) may be interpreted on the basis of applicable law in effect at the time of the occurrence of the event or events giving rise to the action or proceeding, or on the basis of applicable law in effect at the time such rights are claimed, and (d) are in the nature of contract rights which may be enforced in any court of competent jurisdiction as if the association and the institution-affiliated party (or his or her heirs, executors or administrators) for whom such rights are sought were parties to a separate written agreement.

The rights of indemnification and to the advancement of expenses provided in these bylaws shall not, to the extent permitted under applicable law, be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which any such institution-affiliated party (or his or her heirs, executors or administrators) may now or hereafter be otherwise entitled whether contained in the association’s articles of association, these bylaws, a resolution of stockholders, a resolution of the board of directors, or an agreement providing such indemnification, the creation of such other rights being hereby expressly authorized. Without limiting the generality of the

foregoing, the rights of indemnification and to the advancement of expenses provided in these bylaws shall not be deemed exclusive of any rights, pursuant to statute or otherwise, of any such institution-affiliated party (or of his or her heirs, executors or administrators) in any such action or proceeding to have assessed or allowed in his or her favor, against the association or otherwise, his or her costs and expenses incurred therein or in connection therewith or any part thereof.

If this Section 5 of Article VIII or any part hereof shall be held unenforceable in any respect by a court of competent jurisdiction, it shall be deemed modified to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable, and the remainder of this Section 5 of Article VIII shall remain fully enforceable.

The association may, upon affirmative vote of a majority of its board of directors, purchase insurance to indemnify its institution-affiliated parties to the extent that such indemnification is allowed in these bylaws; provided, however, that no such insurance shall include coverage for a final order assessing civil money penalties against such persons by a bank regulatory agency. Such insurance may, but need not, be for the benefit of all institution- affiliated parties.

ARTICLE IX

Inspection and Amendments

Section 1. Inspection. A copy of the bylaws of the association, with all amendments, shall at all times be kept in a convenient place at the main office of the association, and shall be open for inspection to all shareholders during banking hours.

Section 2. Amendments. The bylaws of the association may be amended, altered or repealed, at any regular meeting of the board of directors, by a vote of a majority of the total number of the directors except as provided below, and provided that the following language accompany any such change.

I,                              , certify that: (1) I am the duly constituted (secretary or treasurer) of and secretary of its board of directors, and as such officer am the official custodian of its records; (2) the foregoing bylaws are the bylaws of the association, and all of them are now lawfully in force and effect.

I have hereunto affixed my official signature on this                              day of                             .

(Secretary or Treasurer)

The association’s shareholders may amend or repeal the bylaws even though the bylaws also may be amended or repealed by the board of directors.

EXHIBIT 6

Section 321(b) Consent

Pursuant to Section 321(b) of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, Wilmington Trust, National Association hereby consents that reports of examinations by Federal, State, Territorial or District authorities may be furnished by such authorities to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon requests therefor.

	WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION
Dated: February 5, 2019	By:	/s/ Shawn Goffinet
		Name: Shawn Goffinet
		Title:   Assistant Vice President

EXHIBIT 7

REPORT OF CONDITION

WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION

As of the close of business on September 30, 2018

	Thousands of Dollars
ASSETS
Cash and balances due from depository institutions:		3,451,019
Securities:		5,674
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreement to resell:		0
Loans and leases held for sale:		0
Loans and leases net of unearned income, allowance:		171,771
Premises and fixed asset		4,774
Other real estate owned:		700
Investments in unconsolidated subsidiaries and associated companies:		0
Direct and indirect investments in real estate ventures:		0
Intangible assets:		0
Other assets:		50,826
Total Assets:		3,684,764
	Thousands of Dollars
LIABILITIES
Deposits		3,074,495
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase		0
Other borrowed money:		0
Other Liabilities:		40,453
Total Liabilities		3,114,948
	Thousands of Dollars
EQUITY CAPITAL
Common Stock		1,000
Surplus		397,513
Retained Earnings		171,602
Accumulated other comprehensive income		(299	)
Total Equity Capital		569,816
Total Liabilities and Equity Capital		3,684,764