LOAN PORTFOLIO AND CREDIT QUALITY

The Bank’s lending activities are conducted principally in the regions of New England, the San Francisco Bay Area, and Southern California. The Bank originates single and multi-family residential loans, commercial real estate loans, commercial and industrial loans, commercial tax-exempt loans, construction and land loans, and home equity and other consumer loans. Most loans are secured by borrowers’ personal or business assets. The ability of the Bank’s single family residential and consumer borrowers to honor their repayment commitments is generally dependent on the level of overall economic conditions within the Bank’s lending areas. Commercial, construction, and land borrowers’ ability to repay is generally dependent upon the health of the economy and real estate values, including, in particular, the performance of the construction sector. Accordingly, the ultimate collectability of a substantial portion of the Bank’s loan portfolio is susceptible to changing conditions in the New England, the San Francisco Bay Area, and Southern California economies and real estate markets.

The following table presents a summary of the loan portfolio based on the portfolio segment as of the dates indicated:



	December 31, 2017		December 31, 2016
	(In thousands)
Commercial and industrial	$	520,992	$	611,370
Commercial tax-exempt	418,698		398,604
Total commercial and industrial	939,690		1,009,974
Commercial real estate	2,440,220		2,302,244
Construction and land	164,990		104,839
Residential	2,682,533		2,379,861
Home equity	99,958		118,817
Consumer and other	177,637		198,619
Total	$	6,505,028	$	6,114,354

The following table presents nonaccrual loans receivable by class of receivable as of the dates indicated:



	December 31, 2017		December 31, 2016
	(In thousands)
Commercial and industrial	$	748	$	572
Commercial tax-exempt	—		—
Total commercial and industrial	748		572
Commercial real estate	1,985		4,583
Construction and land	110		179
Residential	8,470		10,908
Home equity	2,840		1,072
Consumer and other	142		1
Total	$	14,295	$	17,315

The Bank’s policy is to discontinue the accrual of interest on a loan when the collectability of principal or interest is in doubt. In certain instances, although infrequent, loans that have become 90 days or more past due may remain on accrual status if the value of the collateral securing the loan is sufficient to cover principal and interest and the loan is in the process of collection. There were no loans 90 days or more past due, but still accruing, as of December 31, 2017 and 2016. The Bank’s policy for returning a loan to accrual status requires the loan to be brought current and for the client to show a history of making timely payments (generally six consecutive months). For TDRs, a return to accrual status generally requires timely payments for a period of six months in accordance with the restructured loan terms, along with meeting other criteria.

The following tables present the payment status of loans receivable by class of receivable as of the dates indicated:



	December 31, 2017
	Accruing Past Due						Nonaccrual Loans
	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		Total Accruing Past Due		Current		30-89 Days Past Due		90 Days or Greater Past Due		Total Non- accrual Loans		Current Accruing Loans		Total Loans Receivable
	(In thousands)
Commercial and industrial	$	10,903	$	849	$	11,752	$	355	$	—	$	393	$	748	$	508,492	$	520,992
Commercial tax-exempt	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		418,698		418,698
Commercial real estate	4,043		—		4,043		163		—		1,822		1,985		2,434,192		2,440,220
Construction and land	—		—		—		—		—		110		110		164,880		164,990
Residential	7,239		1,635		8,874		805		3,172		4,493		8,470		2,665,189		2,682,533
Home equity	355		—		355		—		71		2,769		2,840		96,763		99,958
Consumer and other	24		—		24		17		125		—		142		177,471		177,637
Total	$	22,564	$	2,484	$	25,048	$	1,340	$	3,368	$	9,587	$	14,295	$	6,465,685	$	6,505,028



	December 31, 2016
	Accruing Past Due						Nonaccrual Loans
	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		Total Accruing Past Due		Current		30-89 Days Past Due		90 Days or Greater Past Due		Total Non- accrual Loans		Current Accruing Loans		Total Loans Receivable
	(In thousands)
Commercial and industrial	$	541	$	1,078	$	1,619	$	537	$	—	$	35	$	572	$	609,179	$	611,370
Commercial tax-exempt	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		398,604		398,604
Commercial real estate	3,096		—		3,096		2,311		835		1,437		4,583		2,294,565		2,302,244
Construction and land	—		—		—		129		12		38		179		104,660		104,839
Residential	3,646		536		4,182		2,148		1,274		7,486		10,908		2,364,771		2,379,861
Home equity	245		—		245		—		80		992		1,072		117,500		118,817
Consumer and other	5,995		—		5,995		1		—		—		1		192,623		198,619
Total	$	13,523	$	1,614	$	15,137	$	5,126	$	2,201	$	9,988	$	17,315	$	6,081,902	$	6,114,354

Nonaccrual and delinquent loans are affected by many factors, such as economic and business conditions, interest rates, unemployment levels, and real estate collateral values, among others. In periods of prolonged economic decline, borrowers may become more severely affected over time as liquidity levels decline and the borrower’s ability to continue to make payments deteriorates. With respect to real estate collateral values, the declines from the peak, as well as the value of the real estate at the time of origination versus the current value, can impact the level of problem loans. For instance, if the loan to value ratio at the time of renewal has increased due to the decline in the real estate value since origination, the loan may no longer meet the Bank’s underwriting standards and may be considered for classification as a problem loan dependent upon a review of risk factors.

Generally when a collateral dependent loan becomes impaired, an updated appraisal of the collateral, if appropriate, is obtained. If the impaired loan has not been upgraded to a performing status within a reasonable amount of time, the Bank will continue to obtain updated appraisals as deemed necessary, especially during periods of declining property values.

The past due status of a loan is determined in accordance with its contractual repayment terms. All loan types are reported past due when one scheduled payment is due and unpaid for 30 days or more.

The following tables present the loan portfolio’s credit risk profile by internally assigned grade and class of receivable as of the dates indicated:



	December 31, 2017
	By Loan Grade or Nonaccrual Status
	Pass		Special Mention		Accruing Substandard		Nonaccrual Loans		Total
	(In thousands)
Commercial and industrial	$	496,395	$	12,898	$	10,951	$	748	$	520,992
Commercial tax-exempt	413,139		5,559		—		—		418,698
Commercial real estate	2,346,833		56,947		34,455		1,985		2,440,220
Construction and land	146,514		11,770		6,596		110		164,990
Residential	2,672,714		—		1,349		8,470		2,682,533
Home equity	97,118		—		—		2,840		99,958
Consumer and other	177,494		—		1		142		177,637
Total	$	6,350,207	$	87,174	$	53,352	$	14,295	$	6,505,028



	December 31, 2016
	By Loan Grade or Nonaccrual Status
	Pass		Special Mention		Accruing Substandard		Nonaccrual Loans		Total
	(In thousands)
Commercial and industrial	$	591,388	$	10,133	$	9,277	$	572	$	611,370
Commercial tax-exempt	388,544		10,060		—		—		398,604
Commercial real estate	2,230,732		17,233		49,696		4,583		2,302,244
Construction and land	101,254		109		3,297		179		104,839
Residential	2,367,554		—		1,399		10,908		2,379,861
Home equity	117,745		—		—		1,072		118,817
Consumer and other	198,616		—		2		1		198,619
Total	$	5,995,833	$	37,535	$	63,671	$	17,315	$	6,114,354

The following tables present, by class of receivable, the balance of impaired loans with and without a related allowance, the associated allowance for those impaired loans with a related allowance, and the total unpaid principal on impaired loans:



	As of and for the year ended December 31, 2017
	Recorded Investment (1)		Unpaid Principal Balance		Related Allowance		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized while Impaired
	(In thousands)
With no related allowance recorded:
Commercial and industrial	$	1,434	$	2,238	n/a		$	1,594	$	50
Commercial tax-exempt	—		—		n/a		1,001		80
Commercial real estate	1,832		3,453		n/a		3,098		1,546
Construction and land	109		109		n/a		172		—
Residential	9,337		9,709		n/a		9,033		360
Home equity	1,779		1,779		n/a		413		—
Consumer and other	—		—		n/a		—		—
Subtotal	$	14,491	$	17,288	n/a		$	15,311	$	2,036
With an allowance recorded:
Commercial and industrial	$	242	$	242	$	58	$	156	$	4
Commercial tax-exempt	—		—		—		—		—
Commercial real estate	6,855		7,284		362		6,980		322
Construction and land	—		—		—		—		—
Residential	828		828		89		2,469		89
Home equity	36		36		20		36		1
Consumer and other	125		250		125		10		—
Subtotal	$	8,086	$	8,640	$	654	$	9,651	$	416
Total:
Commercial and industrial	$	1,676	$	2,480	$	58	$	1,750	$	54
Commercial tax-exempt	—		—		—		1,001		80
Commercial real estate	8,687		10,737		362		10,078		1,868
Construction and land	109		109		—		172		—
Residential	10,165		10,537		89		11,502		449
Home equity	1,815		1,815		20		449		1
Consumer and other	125		250		125		10		—
Total	$	22,577	$	25,928	$	654	$	24,962	$	2,452

___________________


(1)	Recorded investment represents the client loan balance net of historical charge-offs and historical nonaccrual interest paid, which was applied to principal.



	As of and for the year ended December 31, 2016
	Recorded Investment (1)		Unpaid Principal Balance		Related Allowance		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized while Impaired
	(In thousands)
With no related allowance recorded:
Commercial and industrial	$	1,793	$	2,155	n/a		$	5,288	$	249
Commercial tax-exempt	—		—		n/a		—		—
Commercial real estate	4,488		9,647		n/a		8,520		1,032
Construction and land	179		507		n/a		1,069		48
Residential	8,134		8,506		n/a		7,446		211
Home equity	—		—		n/a		—		—
Consumer and other	—		—		n/a		—		—
Subtotal	$	14,594	$	20,815	n/a		$	22,323	$	1,540
With an allowance recorded:
Commercial and industrial	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	31	$	1
Commercial tax-exempt	—		—		—		—		—
Commercial real estate	7,115		7,544		548		7,230		314
Construction and land	—		—		—		507		—
Residential	4,284		4,284		565		5,505		143
Home equity	37		37		22		3		—
Consumer and other	—		—		—		—		—
Subtotal	$	11,436	$	11,865	$	1,135	$	13,276	$	458
Total:
Commercial and industrial	$	1,793	$	2,155	$	—	$	5,319	$	250
Commercial tax-exempt	—		—		—		—		—
Commercial real estate	11,603		17,191		548		15,750		1,346
Construction and land	179		507		—		1,576		48
Residential	12,418		12,790		565		12,951		354
Home equity	37		37		22		3		—
Consumer and other	—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	26,030	$	32,680	$	1,135	$	35,599	$	1,998

____________________


(1)	Recorded investment represents the client loan balance net of historical charge-offs and historical nonaccrual interest paid, which was applied to principal.

When management determines that it is probable that the Bank will not collect all principal and interest on a loan in accordance with the original loan terms, the loan is designated as impaired.

Loans that are designated as impaired require an analysis to determine the amount of impairment, if any. Impairment would be indicated as a result of the carrying value of the loan exceeding the estimated collateral value, less costs to sell, for collateral dependent loans or the net present value of the projected cash flow, discounted at the loan’s contractual effective interest rate, for loans not considered to be collateral dependent. Generally, shortfalls in the analysis on collateral dependent loans would result in the impairment amount being charged-off to the allowance for loan losses. Shortfalls on cash flow dependent loans may be carried as specific allocations to the general reserve unless a known loss is determined to have occurred, in which case such known loss is charged-off.

Loans in the held for sale category are carried at the lower of amortized cost or estimated fair value in the aggregate and are excluded from the allowance for loan losses analysis.

The Bank may, under certain circumstances, restructure loans as a concession to borrowers who are experiencing financial difficulty. Such loans are classified as TDRs and are included in impaired loans. TDRs typically result from the Bank’s loss mitigation activities which, among other things, could include rate reductions, payment extensions, and/or principal forgiveness. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, TDRs totaled $13.6 million and $18.1 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2017, $11.1 million of the $13.6 million of TDRs were on accrual status. As of December 31, 2016, $12.4 million of the $18.1 million of TDRs were on accrual status. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company had no commitments to lend additional funds to debtors for loans whose terms had been modified in a troubled debt restructuring.

Since all TDR loans are considered impaired loans, they are individually evaluated for impairment. The resulting impairment, if any, would have an impact on the allowance for loan losses as a specific reserve or charge-off. If, prior to the classification as a TDR, the loan was not impaired, there would have been a general or allocated reserve on the particular loan. Therefore, depending upon the result of the impairment analysis, there could be an increase or decrease in the related allowance for loan losses. Many loans initially categorized as TDRs are already on nonaccrual status and are already considered impaired. Therefore, there is generally not a material change to the allowance for loan losses when a nonaccruing loan is categorized as a TDR.

The following tables present the balance of TDRs that were restructured or defaulted during the periods indicated:



	As of and for the year ended December 31, 2017
	Restructured Year to Date					TDRs that defaulted that were restructured in prior twelve months
	# of Loans	Pre- modification recorded investment		Post- modification recorded investment		# of Loans	Post- modification recorded investment
	(In thousands, except number of loans)
Commercial and industrial	—	$	—	$	—	—	$	—
Commercial tax-exempt	—	—		—		—	—
Commercial real estate	—	—		—		—	—
Construction and land	—	—		—		—	—
Residential (1)	1	108		109		—	—
Home equity	—	—		—		—	—
Consumer and other	—	—		—		—	—
Total	1	$	108	$	109	—	$	—

____________________

(1) Represents the following concession: temporary rate reduction.



	As of and for the year ended December 31, 2016
	Restructured Year to Date					TDRs that defaulted that were restructured in prior twelve months
	# of Loans	Pre- modification recorded investment		Post- modification recorded investment		# of Loans	Post- modification recorded investment
	(In thousands, except number of loans)
Commercial and industrial	3	$	7,384	$	7,209	—	$	—
Commercial tax-exempt	—	—		—		—	—
Commercial real estate	1	1,276		1,276		1	1,276
Construction and land	—	—		—		—	—
Residential	5	1,709		1,721		—	—
Home equity	—	—		—		—	—
Consumer and other	—	—		—		—	—
Total	9	$	10,369	$	10,206	1	$	1,276



	As of and for the year ended December 31, 2016
	Extension of Term			Temporary Rate Reduction			Payment Deferral			Combination of Concessions (1)			Total Concessions
	# of Loans	Post- modifi- cation recorded invest- ment		# of Loans	Post- modifi- cation recorded invest- ment		# of Loans	Post- modifi- cation recorded invest- ment		# of Loans	Post- modifi- cation recorded invest- ment		# of Loans	Post- modifi- cation recorded invest- ment
	(In thousands, except number of loans)
Commercial and Industrial	2	$	7,209	—	$	—	—	$	—	1	$	—	3	$	7,209
Commercial tax-exempt	—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—
Commercial real estate	—	—		—	—		—	—		1	1,276		1	1,276
Construction and Land	—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—
Residential	—	—		4	519		1	1,202		—	—		5	1,721
Home Equity	—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—
Consumer and other	—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—

____________________


(1)	Combination of concessions includes loans that have had more than one modification, including extension of term, temporary reduction of interest rate, and/or payment deferral.

Any loans to senior management, executive officers, and directors are made in the ordinary course of business, under normal credit terms, including interest rates and collateral requirements prevailing at the time of origination for comparable transactions with other persons and do not represent more than normal credit risk. The Bank’s current policy is generally not to originate these types of loans.

Total loans include deferred loan origination (fees)/ costs, net, of $6.9 million and $5.9 million as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Mortgage loans serviced for others totaled $41.4 million and $58.6 million as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and are not included in the Company’s total loans.