The Company and certain of its domestic subsidiaries have defined benefit pension plans (the “U.S. Plans”), which cover certain U.S. employees and which represent the majority of the plan assets and benefit obligations of the aggregate defined benefit plans of the Company. The U.S. Plans’ benefits are generally based on years of service and compensation and are generally noncontributory. The majority of U.S. employees are not covered by the U.S. Plans and are instead covered by various defined contribution plans. The Company also has an unfunded Supplemental Employee Retirement Plan (“SERP”), which provides for the payment of the portion of annual pension which cannot be paid from the retirement plan as a result of regulatory limitations on average compensation for purposes of the benefit computation. Certain foreign subsidiaries have defined benefit plans covering their employees (the “Foreign Plans” and, together with the U.S. Plans, the “Plans”). The largest foreign pension plan, in accordance with local regulations, is unfunded and had a projected benefit obligation of approximately $71.5 and $104.1 at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Total required contributions to be made during 2023 for the unfunded Foreign Plans are included in Other accrued expenses in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets and in the tables below.

The following is a summary of the Company’s defined benefit plans’ funded status as of the most recent actuarial valuations as of December 31 of each year.

The projected benefit obligations decreased in 2022 primarily due to actuarial gains, resulting from the impact of higher discount rates on our projected benefit obligation, along with foreign exchange translation and benefits paid during the year. The projected benefit obligation decreased in 2021 primarily due to both actuarial gains, resulting from the impact of higher discount rates on our projected benefit obligation, and benefits paid during the year. The accumulated benefit obligation for the Company’s defined benefit pension plans was $560.1 and $753.7 at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the accumulated benefit obligation for the U.S. Plans was $387.8 and $494.2, respectively, and for the Foreign Plans was $172.3 and $259.5, respectively.

The following summarizes information for defined benefit plans with an accumulated benefit obligation in excess of plan assets as of December 31, 2022 and 2021:

The following summarizes information for defined benefit plans with a projected benefit obligation in excess of plan assets as of December 31, 2022 and 2021:

The amounts, before tax, included in Accumulated other comprehensive loss at December 31, 2022 and 2021 that have not yet been recognized as expense were as follows:

The following is a summary of the components of net pension expense for the Company’s defined benefit plans for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020:

The pension expense for the Plans is calculated based upon a number of actuarial assumptions established on January 1 of the applicable year, including mortality projections as well as a weighted average discount rate, rate of increase in future compensation levels and an expected long-term rate of return on the respective Plans’ assets which are detailed in the table above. The Company records service costs in the same line item as the respective employee compensation costs and within operating income, while all non-service costs are reported separately within Other income (expense), net in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

The discount rate used by the Company for valuing pension liabilities is based on a review of high quality corporate bond yields with maturities approximating the remaining life of the projected benefit obligations. The weighted average discount rate for the U.S. Plans on this basis was 5.18% and 2.69% at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The increase in the discount rate for the U.S. Plans resulted in a decrease in the benefit obligation of approximately $107 at December 31, 2022. The weighted average discount rate for the Foreign Plans was 4.20% and 1.58% at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The decrease in the benefit obligation associated with our Foreign Plans at December 31, 2022 was primarily driven by the increase in the discount rate, along with foreign currency translation. The Company calculates its service and interest costs by applying a split discount rate approach under which specific spot rates along the selected yield curve are applied to the relevant projected cash flows as the Company believes this method more precisely measures its obligations. The mortality assumptions used by the Company reflect commonly used mortality tables and improvement scales for each plan and increased life expectancies for plan participants.

The primary investment objective of the Plans is to ensure an adequate pool of assets to support the benefit obligations to participants, retirees and beneficiaries. Over time, the Plans have aimed to earn a rate of return on assets greater than the liability discount rate, with a prudent level of risk and diversification. For the U.S. Plans, this has resulted in assets exceeding benefit obligations. In an effort to reduce the funding status volatility of the Plans, the target asset allocations for the U.S. Plans were 25% equities and 75% fixed income as of December 31, 2022 and 2021. The Company expects to maintain these target asset allocations for the U.S. Plans for 2023. Short-term strategic ranges for investments will continue to be established within these new long-term target percentages. The Company regularly reviews the actual asset allocation and periodically rebalances investments to its targeted allocation when considered appropriate.

The Company invests in a diversified investment portfolio through various investment managers and evaluates its plan assets for the existence of concentration risks. As of December 31, 2022, there were no significant concentrations of risks in the Company’s defined benefit plan assets. The Company does not invest nor instruct investment managers to invest pension assets in Amphenol securities. The Plans may indirectly hold the Company’s securities as a result of external investment management in certain commingled funds. Such holdings would not be material relative to the Plans’ total assets. The Company’s Foreign Plans primarily invest in equity and debt securities and insurance contracts, as determined by each Plans’ Trustees or investment managers.

In developing the expected long-term rate of return assumption for the U.S. Plans, the Company relies primarily on projected long-term asset returns by asset class prepared annually by our investment consultants. During 2022, the expected long-term rate of return on the U.S. Plans’ assets was based on an asset allocation assumption of approximately 25% with equity managers (with an expected long-term rate of return of approximately 6.0%) and 75% with fixed income managers (with an expected long-term rate of return of approximately 5.3%).

The Company’s Plan assets, the vast majority of which relate to the U.S. Plans, are reported at fair value and classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The process requires judgment and may have an effect on the placement of the Plan assets within the fair value measurement hierarchy. The fair values of the Company’s pension Plans’ assets at December 31, 2022 and 2021 by asset category are as follows (refer to Note 5 for definitions of Level 1, 2 and 3 inputs):

(a)	Certain investments measured at fair value using the net asset value (“NAV”) practical expedient have been removed from the fair value hierarchy but included in the table above in order to permit the reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to total plan assets.

Equity securities consist primarily of publicly traded U.S. and non-U.S. equities. Publicly traded securities are valued at the last trade or closing price reported in the active market in which the individual securities are traded. Certain equity securities held in commingled funds are valued at unitized net asset value (“NAV”) based on the fair value of the underlying net assets owned by the funds. Alternative investment funds include investments in hedge funds including fund of fund products.

Fixed income securities consist primarily of government securities and corporate bonds. They are valued at the closing price in the active market or at quotes obtained from brokers/dealers or pricing services. Certain fixed income securities held within commingled funds are valued based on the fair value of the underlying net assets of the funds, as determined by the custodian of the funds.

The Level 2 pension plan assets are comprised primarily of pooled funds valued using published prices based off of observable market data.

The Level 3 pension plan assets as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 included in the table above consist primarily of contracts with insurance companies related to certain foreign plans. The insurance contracts generally include guarantees in accordance with the policy purchased. Our valuation of Level 3 assets is based on insurance company or third-party actuarial valuations, representing an estimation of the surrender or market values of the insurance contract between the Company and the insurance companies. The following table sets forth a summary of changes of the fair value of the Level 3 pension plan assets for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021:


		2022		2021
Balance on January 1	$	34.1	$	50.8
Unrealized losses, net		(6.2)		(0.1)
Purchases, sales and settlements, net		(1.3)		(14.2)
Foreign currency translation		(2.3)		(2.4)
Balance on December 31	$	24.3	$	34.1

The Company made cash contributions to the Plans of $6.3, $6.8, and $6.5 in 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively. There is no current requirement for cash contributions to any of the U.S. Plans, and the Company plans to evaluate annually, based on actuarial calculations and the investment performance of the Plans’ assets, the timing and amount of cash contributions in the future, if any.

Benefit payments related to the Plans above, including those amounts to be paid out of Company assets and reflecting future expected service as appropriate, are expected to be as follows:


	U.S.		Foreign
Year	Plans		Plans		Total
2023	$	37.2	$	8.3	$	45.5
2024		29.7		9.1		38.8
2025		30.0		9.1		39.1
2026		30.2		9.6		39.8
2027		30.1		10.3		40.4
2028-2032		145.5		49.6		195.1

Certain foreign subsidiaries of the Company offer certain benefits under local statutory plans which are excluded from the tables above. The net liability for such plans was $15.6 and $16.6 as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, the majority of which is included within Accrued pension and postretirement benefit obligations in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Other Postretirement Benefit Plans

The Company maintains self-insurance programs for that portion of its health care and workers compensation costs not covered by insurance. The Company also provides certain health care and life insurance benefits to certain eligible retirees in the U.S. through postretirement benefit (“OPEB”) programs. The Company’s share of the cost of such plans for most participants is fixed, and any increase in the cost of such plans will be the responsibility of the retirees. The Company funds the benefit costs for such plans on a pay-as-you-go basis. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the total liability associated with postretirement benefit obligations was approximately $4.3 and $6.0, respectively, the majority of which is included in Accrued pension and postretirement benefit obligations on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. The weighted average discount rate used to determine the projected benefit obligation as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 was 5.22% and 2.75%, respectively. Net postretirement benefit expense on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income was not material for each of the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020. Since the Company’s obligation for postretirement medical plans is fixed and since the benefit obligation and the net postretirement benefit expense are not material in relation to the Company’s financial condition or results of operations, the Company believes any change in medical costs from that estimated will not have a significant impact on the Company.

Defined Contribution Plans

The Company offers various defined contribution plans for certain U.S. and foreign employees. Participation in these plans is based on certain eligibility requirements. The Company matches employee contributions to the U.S. defined contribution plans up to a maximum of 6% of eligible compensation. The Company provided matching contributions to the U.S. defined contribution plans of approximately $18.0, $16.2 and $13.3 in 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Effective January 1, 2023, the Company increased its matching of employee contributions to the U.S. defined contribution plans to a maximum of 7% of eligible compensation.