At MC, restructuring actions were taken in 2025 and 2024 to cease operations at five facilities.

For the three months ended September 30, 2025, these actions related to workforce reductions of $2.0 million. For the three month ended September 30, 2024, these actions related to workforce reductions and inventory write-off costs totaling $2.2 million.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, these actions related to workforce reductions, fixed asset impairments and related costs and inventory write-off costs of $8.1 million offset by a $1.8 million pension curtailment

gain. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024 these actions related to workforce reductions of $3.3 million, as well as charges of $1.3 million in costs of goods sold for the write-off of inventory.

At AEC, restructuring activities were related to reorganizational and workforce reduction costs, which resulted in restructuring expenses of $0.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and $0.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024. For the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024, restructuring expenses were related to reductions in workforce and totaled $1.8 million and $3.1 million, respectively.

The following table summarizes charges reported in the Consolidated Statements of Income under "Restructuring expenses, net":


	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2025		2024		2025		2024
Machine Clothing	$	1,960	$	2,207	$	6,322	$	3,294
Albany Engineered Composites	113		34		1,801		3,144
Corporate expenses	1,124		31		1,772		146
Total	$	3,197	$	2,272	$	9,895	$	6,584

The following tables summarize charges by type of expense reported in the Consolidated Statements of Income under "Restructuring expenses, net" and "Cost of goods sold":


Nine months ended September 30, 2025	Total restructuring costs incurred		Termination and other costs		Impairment of assets		Pension Curtailment (Gain)/Loss
(in thousands)
Machine Clothing	$	6,322	$	7,359	$	723	$	(1,760)
Albany Engineered Composites	1,801		1,801		—		—
Corporate expenses	1,772		1,772		—		—
Total	$	9,895	$	10,932	$	723	$	(1,760)


Nine months ended September 30, 2024	Total restructuring costs incurred		Termination and other costs		Impairment of assets		Pension Curtailment (Gain)/Loss
(in thousands)
Machine Clothing	$	4,581	$	3,294	$	1,287	$	—
Albany Engineered Composites	3,144		3,144		—		—
Corporate expenses	146		146		—		—
Total	$	7,871	$	6,584	$	1,287	$	—

The table below presents the year-to-date changes in restructuring liabilities for 2025 and 2024:


(in thousands)	December 31, 2024		Restructuring charges accrued		Payments and other		September 30, 2025
Total restructuring and other liabilities	$	4,996	$	10,932	$	(12,622)	$	3,306


(in thousands)	December 31, 2023		Restructuring charges accrued		Payments and other		September 30, 2024
Total restructuring and other liabilities	$	—	$	7,871	$	(3,974)	$	3,897