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Property, Plant and Equipment, net
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]  
Property, Plant and Equipment, net Property, Plant and Equipment, net
The table below sets forth the components of property, plant and equipment as of December 31, 2024 and 2023:
(in thousands)
20242023Estimated useful life
Land and land improvements$28,161 $29,654 
25 years for improvements
Buildings306,273 302,086 
15 to 40 years
Machinery and equipment1,188,661 1,207,504 
5 to 15 years
Furniture and fixtures11,457 11,409 
5 years
Computer and other equipment25,024 24,120 
3 to 10 years
Software69,932 69,191 
5 to 8 years
Capital expenditures in progress75,262 90,759 
Property, plant and equipment, gross1,704,770 1,734,723 
Accumulated depreciation and amortization(1,141,339)(1,132,734)
Property, plant and equipment, net$563,431 $601,989 
Depreciation expense was $82.5 million in 2024, $70.4 million in 2023, and $62.5 million in 2022. Software amortization is recorded in Selling, general, and administrative expense and was $1.9 million in 2024, $1.9 million in 2023, and $1.7 million in 2022.
Capital expenditures, including purchased software, were $81.2 million in 2024, $84.4 million in 2023, and $96.3 million in 2022. Unamortized software cost was $5.4 million, $6.6 million, and $5.9 million in each of the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to income as incurred and amounted to $25.4 million in 2024, $22.4 million in 2023, and $20.7 million in 2022.