<?xml version="1.0" encoding="us-ascii"?><InstanceReport xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"><Version>2.4.0.8</Version><ReportLongName>2110100 - Disclosure - Income Taxes</ReportLongName><DisplayLabelColumn>true</DisplayLabelColumn><ShowElementNames>false</ShowElementNames><RoundingOption /><HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports><Columns><Column FlagID="0"><Id>1</Id><IsAbstractGroupTitle>false</IsAbstractGroupTitle><LabelSeparator>

</LabelSeparator><CurrencyCode /><FootnoteIndexer /><hasSegments>false</hasSegments><hasScenarios>false</hasScenarios><MCU><KeyName /><CurrencySymbol /><contextRef><ContextID>D2013Q2YTD</ContextID><EntitySchema>http://www.sec.gov/CIK</EntitySchema><EntityValue>0000817135</EntityValue><PeriodDisplayName /><PeriodType>duration</PeriodType><PeriodStartDate>2013-01-01T00:00:00</PeriodStartDate><PeriodEndDate>2013-06-30T00:00:00</PeriodEndDate><Segments /><Scenarios /></contextRef><UPS /><CurrencyCode /><OriginalCurrencyCode /></MCU><CurrencySymbol /><Labels><Label Key="CalendarSupplement" Id="0" Label="6 Months Ended" /><Label Key="Calendar" Id="1" Label="Jun. 30, 2013" /></Labels></Column></Columns><Rows><Row FlagID="0"><Id>1</Id><IsAbstractGroupTitle>true</IsAbstractGroupTitle><LabelSeparator>

</LabelSeparator><Level>1</Level><ElementName>us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract</ElementName><ElementPrefix>us-gaap_</ElementPrefix><IsBaseElement>true</IsBaseElement><BalanceType>na</BalanceType><PeriodType>duration</PeriodType><IsReportTitle>false</IsReportTitle><IsSegmentTitle>false</IsSegmentTitle><IsCalendarTitle>false</IsCalendarTitle><IsEquityPrevioslyReportedAsRow>false</IsEquityPrevioslyReportedAsRow><IsEquityAdjustmentRow>false</IsEquityAdjustmentRow><IsBeginningBalance>false</IsBeginningBalance><IsEndingBalance>false</IsEndingBalance><IsReverseSign>false</IsReverseSign><FootnoteIndexer /><Cells><Cell FlagID="0" ContextID="" UnitID=""><Id>1</Id><IsNumeric>false</IsNumeric><IsRatio>false</IsRatio><DisplayZeroAsNone>false</DisplayZeroAsNone><NumericAmount>0</NumericAmount><RoundedNumericAmount>0</RoundedNumericAmount><NonNumbericText /><FootnoteIndexer /><CurrencyCode /><CurrencySymbol /><IsIndependantCurrency>false</IsIndependantCurrency><ShowCurrencySymbol>false</ShowCurrencySymbol><DisplayDateInUSFormat>false</DisplayDateInUSFormat></Cell></Cells><ElementDataType>xbrli:stringItemType</ElementDataType><SimpleDataType>string</SimpleDataType><IsTotalLabel>false</IsTotalLabel><UnitID>0</UnitID><Label>Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]</Label></Row><Row FlagID="0"><Id>2</Id><IsAbstractGroupTitle>false</IsAbstractGroupTitle><LabelSeparator>

</LabelSeparator><Level>2</Level><ElementName>us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock</ElementName><ElementPrefix>us-gaap_</ElementPrefix><IsBaseElement>true</IsBaseElement><BalanceType>na</BalanceType><PeriodType>duration</PeriodType><IsReportTitle>false</IsReportTitle><IsSegmentTitle>false</IsSegmentTitle><IsCalendarTitle>false</IsCalendarTitle><IsEquityPrevioslyReportedAsRow>false</IsEquityPrevioslyReportedAsRow><IsEquityAdjustmentRow>false</IsEquityAdjustmentRow><IsBeginningBalance>false</IsBeginningBalance><IsEndingBalance>false</IsEndingBalance><IsReverseSign>false</IsReverseSign><PreferredLabelRole>terseLabel</PreferredLabelRole><FootnoteIndexer /><Cells><Cell FlagID="0" ContextID="D2013Q2YTD" UnitID=""><Id>1</Id><IsNumeric>false</IsNumeric><IsRatio>false</IsRatio><DisplayZeroAsNone>false</DisplayZeroAsNone><NumericAmount>0</NumericAmount><RoundedNumericAmount>0</RoundedNumericAmount><NonNumbericText>&lt;div style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="line-height:120%;padding-top:18px;font-size:10pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;"&gt;Income Taxes&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="line-height:120%;padding-top:6px;text-indent:32px;font-size:10pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"&gt;For the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2012, the Company recorded an income tax benefit of &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;color:#000000;text-decoration:none;"&gt;$2,427&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"&gt; and &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;color:#000000;text-decoration:none;"&gt;$5,069&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"&gt;, or &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;color:#000000;text-decoration:none;"&gt;75.2%&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"&gt; and &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;color:#000000;text-decoration:none;"&gt;47.4%&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"&gt;, respectively, as a result of the Company&amp;#8217;s effective tax rate applied to pretax loss. For the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2013, the Company recorded an income tax benefit of &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;color:#000000;text-decoration:none;"&gt;$7,195&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"&gt; and &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;color:#000000;text-decoration:none;"&gt;$7,333&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"&gt;, or &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;color:#000000;text-decoration:none;"&gt;35.7%&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"&gt; and &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;color:#000000;text-decoration:none;"&gt;32.3%&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"&gt;, respectively, as a result of the Company&amp;#8217;s effective tax rate applied to pretax loss. The Company&amp;#8217;s effective tax rates for the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2013 differed from the federal statutory rate principally as a result of state income taxes and permanent non-deductible tax items, including share-based payments, unrecognized tax benefits and other permanent differences.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="line-height:120%;padding-top:12px;text-indent:32px;font-size:10pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"&gt;As of June 30, 2013, the Company has provided a liability for &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;color:#000000;text-decoration:none;"&gt;$446&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"&gt; of unrecognized tax benefits related to various federal and state income tax matters. The tax-effected amount that would reduce the Company&amp;#8217;s effective income tax rate if recognized is &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;color:#000000;text-decoration:none;"&gt;$158&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"&gt;.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="line-height:120%;padding-top:12px;text-indent:32px;font-size:10pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"&gt;The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. As of June 30, 2013, the Company had approximately &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;color:#000000;text-decoration:none;"&gt;$38&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"&gt; in accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="line-height:120%;padding-top:12px;text-indent:32px;font-size:10pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"&gt;The Company is subject to United States federal income tax as well as income tax of multiple state tax jurisdictions. The Company is currently open to audit under the statute of limitations by the Internal Revenue Service for the years ended December&amp;#160;31, 2009 through 2012. The Company&amp;#8217;s and its subsidiaries&amp;#8217; state income tax returns are open to audit under the applicable statutes of limitations for the years ended December&amp;#160;31, 2008 through 2012. The Company does not anticipate a significant change to the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits within the next &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;color:#000000;text-decoration:none;"&gt;12&amp;#160;months&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"&gt;.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</NonNumbericText><FootnoteIndexer /><CurrencyCode /><CurrencySymbol /><IsIndependantCurrency>false</IsIndependantCurrency><ShowCurrencySymbol>false</ShowCurrencySymbol><DisplayDateInUSFormat>false</DisplayDateInUSFormat></Cell></Cells><ElementDataType>nonnum:textBlockItemType</ElementDataType><SimpleDataType>na</SimpleDataType><ElementDefenition>The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information.</ElementDefenition><ElementReferences>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef

 -Publisher FASB

 -Name Accounting Standards Codification

 -Topic 740

 -SubTopic 10

 -Section 50

 -Paragraph 15

 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6907707&amp;loc=d3e32718-109319



Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef

 -Publisher FASB

 -Name Accounting Standards Codification

 -Topic 235

 -SubTopic 10

 -Section S99

 -Paragraph 1

 -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08.(h))

 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6881521&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690



Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef

 -Publisher SEC

 -Name Regulation S-X (SX)

 -Number 210

 -Section 08

 -Paragraph h

 -Article 4



Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef

 -Publisher FASB

 -Name Accounting Standards Codification

 -Topic 740

 -SubTopic 10

 -Section 50

 -Paragraph 9

 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6907707&amp;loc=d3e32639-109319



Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef

 -Publisher FASB

 -Name Accounting Standards Codification

 -Topic 740

 -SubTopic 10

 -Section 50

 -Paragraph 2

 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6907707&amp;loc=d3e32537-109319



Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef

 -Publisher FASB

 -Name Accounting Standards Codification

 -Topic 740

 -SubTopic 10

 -Section 50

 -Paragraph 3

 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6907707&amp;loc=d3e32559-109319



Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef

 -Publisher FASB

 -Name Statement of Financial Accounting Standard (FAS)

 -Number 109

 -Paragraph 136, 172

 -LegacyDoc This reference is SUPERSEDED by the Accounting Standards Codification effective for interim and annual periods ending after September 15, 2009.  This reference is included to help users transition from the previous accounting hierarchy and will be removed from future versions of this taxonomy.



Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef

 -Publisher FASB

 -Name Statement of Financial Accounting Standard (FAS)

 -Number 109

 -Paragraph 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49

 -LegacyDoc This reference is SUPERSEDED by the Accounting Standards Codification effective for interim and annual periods ending after September 15, 2009.  This reference is included to help users transition from the previous accounting hierarchy and will be removed from future versions of this taxonomy.



</ElementReferences><IsTotalLabel>false</IsTotalLabel><UnitID>0</UnitID><Label>Income Taxes</Label></Row></Rows><Footnotes /><IsEquityReport>false</IsEquityReport><ReportName>Income Taxes</ReportName><MonetaryRoundingLevel>UnKnown</MonetaryRoundingLevel><SharesRoundingLevel>UnKnown</SharesRoundingLevel><PerShareRoundingLevel>UnKnown</PerShareRoundingLevel><ExchangeRateRoundingLevel>UnKnown</ExchangeRateRoundingLevel><HasCustomUnits>true</HasCustomUnits><IsEmbedReport>false</IsEmbedReport><IsMultiCurrency>false</IsMultiCurrency><ReportType>Sheet</ReportType><RoleURI>http://alliancehealthcareservices-us.com/role/IncomeTaxes</RoleURI><NumberOfCols>1</NumberOfCols><NumberOfRows>2</NumberOfRows></InstanceReport>
