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Employee Benefit Plans
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2019
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]  
Employee Benefit Plans Employee Benefit Plans
Pension and Postemployment Plans. Teradata currently sponsors defined benefit pension plans for certain of its international employees. For those international pension plans for which the Company holds asset balances, those assets are primarily invested in common/collective trust funds (which include publicly traded common stocks, corporate and government debt securities, real estate indirect investments, cash or cash equivalents) and insurance contracts.
Postemployment obligations relate to benefits provided to involuntarily terminated employees and certain inactive employees after employment but before retirement. These benefits are paid in accordance with various foreign statutory laws and regulations, and Teradata’s established postemployment benefit practices and policies. Postemployment benefits may include disability benefits, supplemental unemployment benefits, severance, workers’ compensation benefits, continuation of health care benefits and life insurance coverage, and are funded on a pay-as-you-go basis.
Pension and postemployment benefit costs for the years ended December 31 were as follows: 
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
In millions
Pension
 
Postemployment
 
Pension
 
Postemployment
 
Pension
 
Postemployment
Service cost
$
7

 
$
11

 
$
8

 
$
8

 
$
9

 
$
7

Interest cost
3

 
1

 
3

 
1

 
3

 
1

Expected return on plan assets
(2
)
 
—

 
(2
)
 
—

 
(2
)
 
—

Curtailment charge
—

 
—

 
(1
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

Amortization of actuarial loss
1

 
5

 
1

 
4

 
1

 
2

Amortization of prior service (credit) cost
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(1
)
 
1

Total costs
$
9

 
$
17

 
$
9

 
$
13

 
$
10

 
$
11


The underfunded amount of pension and postemployment obligations is recorded as a liability in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. The following tables present the changes in benefit obligations, plan assets, funded status and the reconciliation of the funded status to amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets and in accumulated other comprehensive income at December 31:
 
Pension
 
Postemployment
In millions
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Change in benefit obligation
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Benefit obligation at January 1
$
132

 
$
136

 
$
54

 
$
47

Service cost
7

 
8

 
11

 
8

Interest cost
3

 
3

 
1

 
1

Plan participant contributions
1

 
1

 
—

 
—

Actuarial loss (gain)
24

 
(5
)
 
21

 
12

Benefits paid
(10
)
 
(2
)
 
(26
)
 
(14
)
Curtailment
(1
)
 
(1
)
 
—

 
—

Settlement
(6
)
 
(4
)
 
—

 
—

Currency translation adjustments
(1
)
 
(4
)
 
—

 
—

Benefit obligation at December 31
$
149

 
$
132

 
$
61

 
$
54

Change in plan assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fair value of plan assets at January 1
$
68

 
$
75

 
$
—

 
$
—

Actual return on plan assets
10

 
(2
)
 
—

 
—

Company contributions
6

 
5

 
—

 
—

Benefits paid
(10
)
 
(2
)
 
—

 
—

Currency translation adjustments
—

 
(1
)
 
—

 
—

Plan participant contribution
1

 
1

 
—

 
—

Settlements
(6
)
 
(4
)
 
—

 
—

Other
—

 
(4
)
 
—

 
—

Fair value of plan assets at December 31
69

 
68

 
—

 
—

Funded status (underfunded)
$
(80
)
 
$
(64
)
 
$
(61
)
 
$
(54
)
Amounts Recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheet
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-current assets
$
6

 
$
5

 
$
—

 
$
—

Current liabilities
(1
)
 
(1
)
 
(10
)
 
(9
)
Non-current liabilities
(85
)
 
(68
)
 
(51
)
 
(45
)
Net amounts recognized
$
(80
)
 
$
(64
)
 
$
(61
)
 
$
(54
)
Amounts Recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unrecognized Net actuarial loss
$
30

 
$
16

 
$
61

 
$
44

Unrecognized Prior service cost
—

 
—

 
2

 
3

Total
$
30

 
$
16

 
$
63

 
$
47


The following table presents the accumulated pension benefit obligation at December 31:
In millions
2019
 
2018
Accumulated pension benefit obligation
$
137

 
$
122


The following table presents pension plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets at December 31:
In millions
2019
 
2018
Projected benefit obligation
$
119

 
$
68

Accumulated benefit obligation
$
109

 
$
61

Fair value of plan assets
$
33

 
$
—


The following table presents the pre-tax net changes in projected benefit obligations recognized in other comprehensive income:  
 
Pension
 
Postemployment
In millions
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Actuarial loss (gain) arising during the year
$
15

 
$
(2
)
 
$
21

 
$
12

Amortization of loss included in net periodic benefit cost
(1
)
 
(1
)
 
(5
)
 
(4
)
Recognition of gain due to curtailment
—

 
1

 
—

 
—

Foreign currency exchange
—

 
(1
)
 
—

 
—

Total recognized in other comprehensive (loss) income
$
14

 
$
(3
)
 
$
16

 
$
8



The following table presents the amounts in accumulated other comprehensive income expected to be recognized as components of net periodic benefit cost during 2020: 
In millions
Pension
 
Postemployment
Net loss to be recognized in other comprehensive income
$
3

 
$
7


The weighted-average rates and assumptions used to determine benefit obligations at December 31, and net periodic benefit cost for the years ended December 31, were as follows: 
 
Pension Benefit Obligations
 
Pension Benefit Cost
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Discount rate
1.2%
 
2.2%
 
2.2%
 
2.1%
 
2.0%
Rate of compensation increase
3.0%
 
3.4%
 
3.4%
 
3.3%
 
3.3%
Expected return on plan assets
N/A
 
N/A
 
3.0%
 
2.8%
 
2.9%
 
Postemployment 
Benefit Obligations
 
Postemployment 
Benefit Cost
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Discount rate
1.8%
 
2.5%
 
2.5%
 
2.6%
 
3.4%
Rate of compensation increase
3.0%
 
3.0%
 
3.0%
 
3.0%
 
3.0%
Involuntary turnover rate
3.0%
 
2.5%
 
2.5%
 
2.3%
 
2.0%

The Company determines the expected return on assets based on individual plan asset allocations, historical capital market returns, and long-term interest rate assumptions, with input from its actuaries, investment managers, and independent investment advisors. The company emphasizes long-term expectations in its evaluation of return factors, discounting or ignoring short-term market fluctuations. Expected asset returns are reviewed annually, but are generally modified only when asset allocation strategies change or long-term economic trends are identified.
International discount rates were determined by examining interest rate levels and trends within each country, particularly yields on high-quality long-term corporate bonds, relative to our future expected cash flows. The discount rate used for countries with individually insignificant benefit obligation at year-end was derived by matching the plans’ expected future cash flows to the corresponding yields from the Citigroup Pension Liability Index. This yield curve has been constructed to represent the available yields on high-quality fixed-income investments across a broad range of future maturities.
Gains and losses have resulted from changes in actuarial assumptions and from differences between assumed and actual experience, including, among other items, changes in discount rates and differences between actual and assumed asset returns. These gains and losses (except those differences being amortized to the market-related value) are only amortized to the extent that they exceed 10% of the higher of the market-related value of plan assets or the projected benefit obligation of each respective plan.
Plan Assets. The weighted-average asset allocations at December 31, by asset category are as follows: 
 
Actual Asset Allocation
as of December 31
 
Target Asset
 
2019
 
2018
 
Allocation
Equity securities
34%
 
32%
 
32%
Debt securities
43%
 
51%
 
49%
Insurance (annuity) contracts
12%
 
12%
 
12%
Real estate
10%
 
3%
 
4%
Other
1%
 
2%
 
3%
Total
100%
 
100%
 
100%

Investment Strategy. Teradata employs several investment strategies across its various international pension plans. In some countries, particularly where Teradata does not have a large employee base, the Company may use insurance (annuity) contracts to satisfy its future pension payment obligations, whereby the Company makes pension plan contributions to an insurance company in exchange for which the pension plan benefits will be paid when the members reach a specified retirement age or on earlier exit of members from the plan. In other countries, the Company may employ local asset managers to manage investment portfolios according to the investment policies and guidelines established by the Company, and with consideration to individual plan liability structure and local market environment and risk tolerances. The Company’s investment policies and guidelines primarily emphasize diversification across and within asset classes to maximize long-term returns subject to prudent levels of risk, with the overall objective of enabling the plans to meet their future obligations. The investment portfolios contain a diversified blend of equity and fixed-income investments. Furthermore, equity investments are diversified across domestic and international stocks, small and large capitalization stocks, and growth and value stocks. Fixed-income assets are diversified across government and corporate bonds. Where applicable, real estate investments are made through real estate securities, partnership interests or direct investment, and are diversified by property type and location.
Fair Value. Fair value measurements are established utilizing a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. These tiers are more fully described in Note 11.
The following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for pension assets as of December 31, 2019.
Common/collective trust funds (which include money market funds, equity funds, bond funds, real estate indirect investments, etc.): Valued at the net asset value ("NAV") of shares held by the Plan at year end, as reported to the Plan by the trustee, which represents the fair value of shares held by the Plan. Because the NAV of the shares held in the common/collective trust funds are derived by the value of the underlying investments, the Company has classified these underlying investments as Level 2 fair value measurements.
Insurance contracts: Valued by discounting the related future benefit payments using a current year-end market discount rate, which represents the fair value of the insurance contract. The Company has classified these contracts as Level 3 assets for fair value measurement purposes.
The following table sets forth by level, within the fair value hierarchy, the pension plan assets at fair value as of December 31, 2019: 
 
 
 
Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
 
 
 
Quoted Prices in Active Markets
for Identical
Assets
 
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
In millions
December 31, 2019
 
(Level 1)
 
(Level 2)
 
(Level 3)
Money market funds
$
1

 
$
—

 
$
1

 
$
—

Equity funds
23

 
—

 
23

 
—

Bond/fixed-income funds
30

 
—

 
30

 
—

Real estate indirect investments
7

 
—

 
7

 
—

Insurance contracts
8

 
—

 
—

 
8

Total assets at fair value
$
69

 
$
—

 
$
61

 
$
8



The table below sets forth a summary of changes in the fair value of the pension plan level 3 assets for the year ended December 31, 2019:
In millions
Insurance
Contracts
Balance as of January 1, 2019
$
8

Purchases, sales and settlements, net
—

Balance as of December 31, 2019
$
8


The following table sets forth by level, within the fair value hierarchy, the pension plan assets at fair value as of December 31, 2018: 
 
 
 
Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
 
 
 
Quoted Prices in Active 
Markets
for Identical
Assets
 
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
In millions
December 31, 2018
 
(Level 1)
 
(Level 2)
 
(Level 3)
Money market funds
$
1

 
$
—

 
$
1

 
$
—

Equity funds
22

 
—

 
22

 
—

Bond/fixed-income funds
35

 
—

 
35

 
—

Real estate indirect investments
2

 
—

 
2

 
—

Insurance contracts
8

 
—

 
—

 
8

Total assets at fair value
$
68

 
$
—

 
$
60

 
$
8


The table below sets forth a summary of changes in the fair value of the pension plan level 3 assets for the year ended December 31, 2018:
In millions
Insurance
Contracts
Balance as of January 1, 2018
$
12

Purchases, sales and settlements, net
(4
)
December 31, 2018
$
8



Cash Flows Related to Employee Benefit Plans
Cash Contributions. In 2020, the Company expects to contribute approximately $3 million to the international pension plans.
Estimated Future Benefit Payments. The Company expects to make the following benefit payments, estimated based on the assumptions used to measure the company's benefit obligation at the end of the year, reflecting past and future service from its pension and postemployment plans: 
 
Pension
 
Postemployment
In millions
Benefits
 
Benefits
Year
 
 
 
2020
$
4

 
$
10

2021
$
6

 
$
10

2022
$
6

 
$
10

2023
$
6

 
$
10

2024
$
7

 
$
9

2025 - 2029
$
39

 
$
49


Savings Plans. United States employees and many international employees participate in defined contribution savings plans. These plans generally provide either a specified percent of pay or a matching contribution on participating employees’ voluntary elections. The Company’s matching contributions typically are subject to a maximum percentage or level of compensation. Employee contributions can be made pre-tax, after-tax or a combination thereof. The following table identifies the expense for the United States and International subsidiary savings plans for the years ended December 31:
In millions
2019
 
2018
 
2017
U.S. savings plan
$
21

 
$
22

 
$
21

International subsidiary savings plans
$
16

 
$
17

 
$
17