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Income Taxes
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
Income Taxes
The Company recorded income tax expense of $1.68 million (5.42%) and $6.03 million (6.64%), respectively, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 which included discrete items for additions to the reserve for uncertain tax positions. The income tax expense exclusive of discrete items for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 is $1.65 million (5.33%) and $5.94 million (6.54%), respectively. Our tax expense and effective tax rate increased year over year, exclusive of discrete charges, due to a new minimum tax on global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”) earned by foreign subsidiaries as part of the Tax Act. The Company expects its full year tax rate before discrete items to be approximately 6.54%.
On December 22, 2017, the U.S. enacted the Tax Act, which implemented a number of changes that took effect on January 1, 2018, including but not limited to, a new minimum tax on GILTI earned by foreign subsidiaries.  The Company estimated the impact of GILTI on the expected annual effective income tax rate and recorded a provisional tax expense. Any adjustment of the Company’s provisional tax expense will be reflected as a change in estimate in its results in the period in which the change in estimate is made in accordance with ASU 2018-05 Income Taxes (Topic 740), Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118.  ASU 2018-05 allows for a measurement period of up to one year after the enactment date of the Act to finalize the recording of the related tax impacts.  In addition, the Company continues to gather information to compute the amount of the Transition Tax under the Tax Act and will complete the accounting in its December 31, 2018 financial statements.

The Company’s effective tax rate reflects the benefits of having significant operations outside the United States, which are generally taxed at rates lower than the US statutory rate of 21% and where the Company enjoys a tax holiday in India. During 2015, the Company secured an additional tax holiday in India until the year 2020 to support certain portions of its expanding operations there. The Company also had income during the quarter ended September 30, 2018 in the United Kingdom, Dubai, and Sweden, where the statutory tax rates are lower than the US rate of 21%.

As of September 30, 2018 a liability of $9.2 million for uncertain tax positions is included in other long-term liabilities of the Company's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 there was $29 thousand and $88 thousand in additions to this liability reserve, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, there were $55 thousand and $3.3 million, respectively, in additions to this liability reserve. The Company recognizes interest accrued and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as part of income tax expense.