497 1 d6168280.htm
This is filed pursuant to Rule 497(e).
File Nos. 2-29901 and 811-01716.
 
 

 

 




 
 
 
ALLIANCEBERNSTEIN CAP FUND, INC.
 
-ALLIANCEBERNSTEIN DYNAMIC ALL MARKET FUND
 
(Class A–ADAAX; Class C–ADACX; Advisor Class–ADAYX; Class R–ADARX; Class K–ADAKX; Class I–AMAIX;
 
Class Z – ADAZX; Class 1–ADADX; Class 2–ADAEX)

c/o AllianceBernstein Investor Services, Inc.
P.O. Box 786003, San Antonio, Texas 78278-6003
Toll Free: (800) 221-5672
For Literature: Toll Free (800) 227-4618
 

STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
July 1, 2014
as amended November 5, 2014
 

This Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) is not a prospectus, but supplements and should be read in conjunction with the current prospectus, dated July 1, 2014, for the AllianceBernstein  Dynamic All Market Fund (the “Fund”) of AllianceBernstein Cap Fund, Inc. (the “Company”) that offers Class A, Class C, Advisor Class, Class R, Class K and Class I shares of the Fund, or the current prospectus, dated July 1, 2014, that offers Class 1 and Class 2 shares of the Fund and the Prospectus dated November 5, 2014 offering Class Z shares of the Fund (each a “Prospectus”, and together the “Prospectuses”).  Financial statements for the fiscal year ended February 28, 2014 are included in the Fund’s annual report to shareholders and are incorporated in this SAI by reference. Copies of the Prospectuses may be obtained by contacting AllianceBernstein Investor Services, Inc. (“ABIS”) at the address or the “For Literature” telephone number shown above or on the Internet at www.AllianceBernstein.com.


TABLE OF CONTENTS

 
Page
   
INFORMATION ABOUT THE FUND AND ITS INVESTMENTS
1
INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS
44
MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND
46
EXPENSES OF THE FUND
66
PURCHASE OF SHARES
70
REDEMPTION AND REPURCHASE OF SHARES
91
SHAREHOLDER SERVICES
 94
NET ASSET VALUE
97
DIVIDENDS, DISTRIBUTIONS AND TAXES
100
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS
109
GENERAL INFORMATION
113
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
119
APPENDIX A: STATEMENT OF POLICIES AND PROCEDURES FOR PROXY VOTING
A-1



__________________
AllianceBernstein® and the AB Logo are registered trademarks and service marks used by permission of the owner, AllianceBernstein L.P.


 
INFORMATION ABOUT THE FUND AND ITS INVESTMENTS
 

Introduction to the Fund
The Company is an open-end investment company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”). The Company’s shares are offered in separate series.  The Fund is a series of the Company, a separate pool of assets constituting, in effect, a separate open-end management investment company with its own investment objective and policies.  Except as otherwise noted, the Fund’s investment objective and policies described below are not “fundamental policies” within the meaning of the 1940 Act, and may, therefore, be changed by the Board of Directors of the Company (the “Board” or the “Directors”) without shareholder approval.  However, the Fund will not change its investment objective without at least 60 days’ prior written notice to shareholders.  There is no guarantee that the Fund will achieve its investment objective.  Whenever any investment policy or restriction states a percentage of the Fund’s assets that may be invested in any security or other asset, it is intended that such percentage limitation be determined immediately after and as a result of the Fund’s acquisition of such securities or other assets.  Accordingly, any later increases or decreases in percentage beyond the specified limitations resulting from a change in values or net assets will not be considered a violation of this percentage limitation.
Additional Investment Policies and Practices
The Fund may pursue its investment objective by investing in AllianceBernstein Dynamic All Market (Cayman) Ltd., a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Fund organized under the laws of the Cayman Islands (the “Subsidiary”).  The Subsidiary is advised by the AllianceBernstein L.P., the Fund’s Adviser (the “Adviser”), and has the same investment objective and will generally be subject to the same fundamental, non-fundamental and certain other investment restrictions as the Fund; however, the Subsidiary (unlike the Fund), may invest without limitation in commodity-linked swap agreements and other commodity-linked derivative instruments.  The Fund and the Subsidiary may test for compliance with certain investment restrictions on a consolidated basis, except that with respect to its investments in certain securities, that may involve leverage, the Subsidiary will comply with asset segregation or “earmarking” requirements to the same extent as the Fund.  By investing in the Subsidiary, the Fund is indirectly exposed to the risks associated with the Subsidiary’s investments.  The derivatives and other investments held by the Subsidiary are generally similar to those held by the Fund and are subject to the same risks that apply to similar investments if held directly by the Fund.  See below “Investments in the Wholly-Owned Subsidiary” for a more detailed discussion of the Fund’s Subsidiary.
The following information about the Fund’s investment policies and practices supplements the information set forth in the Prospectuses.
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Convertible Securities
Convertible securities include bonds, debentures, corporate notes and preferred stocks that are convertible at a stated exchange ratio into shares of the underlying common stock. Prior to their conversion, convertible securities have the same general characteristics as non-convertible debt securities, which provide a stable stream of income with generally higher yields than those of equity securities of the same or similar issuers.  As with all debt securities, the market value of convertible securities tends to decline as interest rates increase and, conversely, to increase as interest rates decline.  While convertible securities generally offer lower interest or dividend yields than non-convertible debt securities of similar quality, they do enable the investor to benefit from increases in the market price of the underlying common stock.
When the market price of the common stock underlying a convertible security increases, the price of the convertible security increasingly reflects the value of the underlying common stock and may rise accordingly.  As the market price of the underlying common stock declines, the convertible security tends to trade increasingly on a yield basis, and thus may not depreciate to the same extent as the underlying common stock.  Convertible securities rank senior to common stocks in an issuer’s capital structure.  They consequently entail less risk than the issuer’s common stock, although the extent to which such risk is reduced depends in large measure upon the degree to which the convertible security sells above its value as a fixed-income security.
Depositary Receipts
The Fund may invest in depositary receipts.  American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”) are depositary receipts typically issued by a U.S. bank or trust company that evidence ownership of underlying securities issued by a foreign corporation.  European Depositary Receipts (“EDRs”), Global Depositary Receipts (“GDRs”) or other types of depositary receipts are typically issued by non-U.S. banks or trust companies and evidence ownership of underlying securities issued by either a U.S. or non-U.S. company.  Transactions in these securities may not necessarily be settled in the same currency as transactions in the securities that they represent.  In addition, the issuers of the securities of unsponsored depositary receipts are not obligated to disclose material information in the United States.  Generally, ADRs, in registered form, are designed for use in the U.S. securities markets, EDRs, in bearer form, are designed for use in European securities markets and GDRs, in bearer form, are designed for use in two or more securities markets, such as those of Europe and Asia.
Derivatives
The Fund may, but is not required to, use derivatives for hedging or other risk management purposes or as part of its investment strategies.  Derivatives are financial contracts whose value depends on, or is derived from, the value of an underlying asset, reference rate or index.  These assets, rates, and indices may include bonds, stocks, mortgages, commodities, interest rates, currency exchange rates, bond indices and stock indices.
There are four principal types of derivatives – options, futures, forwards and swaps.  These principal types of derivative instruments, as well as the methods in which they
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may be used by the Fund are described below.  Derivatives include listed and cleared transactions where the Fund’s derivative trade counterparty is an exchange or clearinghouse and non-cleared bilateral “over-the-counter” (“OTC”) transactions, where the Fund’s derivative trade counterparty is a financial institution.  Exchange-traded or cleared derivatives transactions tend to be more liquid and subject to less counterparty credit risk than those that are privately negotiated.  The Fund may use derivatives to earn income and enhance returns, to hedge or adjust the risk profile of a portfolio and either to replace more traditional direct investments or to obtain exposure to otherwise inaccessible markets.
Forward Contracts.  A forward contract, which may be standardized or customized and privately negotiated, is an agreement for one party to buy, and the other party to sell, a specific quantity of an underlying commodity or other tangible asset for an agreed-upon price at a future date.  A forward contract generally is settled by physical delivery of the commodity or other tangible asset underlying the forward contract to an agreed-upon location at a future date (rather than settled by cash) or is rolled forward into a new forward contract.  Non-deliverable forwards (“NDFs”) specify a cash payment upon maturity.
Futures Contracts and Options on Futures Contracts.  A futures contract is an agreement that obligates the buyer to buy and the seller to sell a specified quantity of an underlying asset (or settle for cash the value of a contract based on an underlying asset, rate or index) at a specific price on the contract maturity date.  Options on futures contracts are options that call for the delivery of futures contracts upon exercise.  Futures contracts are standardized, exchange-traded instruments and are fungible (i.e., considered to be perfect substitutes for each other).  This fungibility allows futures contracts to be readily offset or canceled through the acquisition of equal but opposite positions, which is the primary method in which futures contracts are liquidated.  A cash-settled futures contract does not require physical delivery of the underlying asset but instead is settled for cash equal to the difference between the values of the contract on the date it is entered into and its maturity date.
Options.  An option, which may be standardized and exchange-traded or customized and privately negotiated, is an agreement that, for a premium payment or fee, gives the option holder (the buyer) the right but not the obligation to buy (a “call”) or sell (a “put”) the underlying asset (or settle for cash an amount based on an underlying asset, rate or index) at a specified price (the exercise price) during a period of time or on a specified date.  Likewise, when an option is exercised the writer of the option is obligated to sell (in the case of a call option) or to purchase (in the case of a put option) the underlying asset (or settle for cash an amount based on an underlying asset, rate or index).
Swaps.  A swap is an agreement that obligates two parties to exchange a series of cash flows at specified intervals (payment dates) based upon or calculated by reference to changes in specified prices or rates (interest rates in the case of interest rate swaps, currency exchange rates in the case of currency swaps) for a specified amount of an underlying asset (the “notional” principal amount).  Swaps are entered into on a net basis (i.e., the two payment streams are netted out, with the Fund receiving or paying, as the case may be, only the net amount of the two payments).  Generally, the notional principal amount is used solely to calculate the payment streams but is not exchanged.  Certain standardized swaps, including certain interest rate swaps and credit default swaps, are (or soon will be) subject to mandatory
3



central clearing. Cleared swaps are transacted through futures commission merchants (“FCMs”) that are members of central clearinghouses with the clearinghouse serving as central counterparty, similar to transactions in futures contracts.  Funds post initial and variation margin to support their obligations under cleared swaps by making payments to their clearing member FCMs.  Central clearing is expected to reduce counterparty credit risks and increase liquidity, but central clearing does not make swap transactions risk free.  Centralized clearing will be required for additional categories of swaps on a phased-in basis based on Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) approval of contracts for central clearing.  Bilateral swap agreements are two-party contracts entered into primarily by institutional investors and are not cleared through a third party.
Risks of Derivatives and Other Regulatory Issues.  Investment techniques employing such derivatives involve risks different from, and, in certain cases, greater than, the risks presented by more traditional investments.  Following is a general discussion of important risk factors and issues concerning the use of derivatives.
--            Market Risk.  This is the general risk attendant to all investments that the value of a particular investment will change in a way detrimental to the Fund’s interest.
--            Management Risk.  Derivative products are highly specialized instruments that require investment techniques and risk analyses different from those associated with stocks and bonds.  The use of a derivative requires an understanding not only of the underlying instrument but also of the derivative itself, without the benefit of observing the performance of the derivative under all possible market conditions.  In particular, the use and complexity of derivatives require the maintenance of adequate controls to monitor the transactions entered into, the ability to assess the risk that a derivative adds to the Fund’s investment portfolio, and the ability to forecast price, interest rate or currency exchange rate movements correctly.
--            Credit Risk.  This is the risk that a loss may be sustained by the Fund as a result of the failure of another party to a derivative (usually referred to as a “counterparty”) to comply with the terms of the derivative contract.  The credit risk for derivatives traded on an exchange or though a clearinghouse is generally less than for uncleared OTC derivatives, since the exchange or clearinghouse, which is the issuer or counterparty to each derivative, provides a guarantee of performance.  This guarantee is supported by a daily payment system (i.e., margin requirements) operated by the clearinghouse in order to reduce overall credit risk.  For uncleared OTCderivatives, there is no similar clearing agency guarantee.  Therefore, the Fund considers the creditworthiness of each counterparty to an uncleared OTC derivative in evaluating potential credit risk.
--            Counterparty Risk.  The value of an OTC derivative will depend on the ability and willingness of the Fund’s counterparty to perform its obligations under the transaction.  If the counterparty defaults, the Fund will have contractual remedies but may choose not to enforce them to avoid the cost and
4



unpredictability of legal proceedings.  In addition, if a counterparty fails to meet its contractual obligations, the Fund could miss investment opportunities or otherwise be required to retain investments it would prefer to sell, resulting in losses for the Fund. Participants in OTC derivatives markets generally are not subject to the same level of credit evaluation and regulatory oversight as are exchanges or clearinghouses.  As a result, OTC derivatives generally expose the Fund to greater counterparty risk than derivatives traded on an exchange or through a clearinghouse.
New regulations affecting derivatives transactions now, or will soon, require certain standardized derivatives, including many types of swaps, to be subject to mandatory central clearing.  Under these new requirements, a central clearing organization will be substituted as the counterparty to each side of the derivatives transaction.  Each party to derivatives transactions will be required to maintain its positions with a clearing organization through one or more clearing brokers.  Central clearing is expected to reduce, but not eliminate, counterparty risk.  The Fund will be subject to the risk that its clearing member or clearing organization will itself be unable to perform its obligations.
--            Liquidity Risk.  Liquidity risk exists when a particular instrument is difficult to purchase or sell.  If a derivative transaction is particularly large or if the relevant market is illiquid (as is the case with many privately-negotiated derivatives), it may not be possible to initiate a transaction or liquidate a position at an advantageous price.
--            Leverage Risk.  Since many derivatives have a leverage component, adverse changes in the value or level of the underlying asset, rate or index can result in a loss substantially greater than the amount invested in the derivative itself.  In the case of swaps, the risk of loss generally is related to a notional principal amount, even if the parties have not made any initial investment.  Certain derivatives have the potential for unlimited loss, regardless of the size of the initial investment.
--            Commodities Risk.  Transactions in derivatives relating to physical commodities and in the securities of entities investing in such derivatives and companies involved in commodity-related businesses involve special risks that may cause the prices of these derivatives and entities to be more volatile than those of conventional securities.  Physical commodities may be subject to various economic and non-economic variables, such as drought, floods, weather, livestock disease, embargoes, tariffs, and international economic, political and regulatory developments.  Certain commodities are subject to broad price fluctuations as a result of the volatility of the prices of raw materials and the instability of supplies.
In addition, there are costs associated with the physical storage of the commodity underlying a derivative instrument, and the price of a commodity futures contract will reflect the storage costs of owning the physical commodity, even though the contract participants may not intend to make or take delivery of
5



the commodity.  Changes in storage costs for a commodity may result in changes to the value of futures contracts relating to that commodity.
Changes in the nature of the participants in the commodity derivatives markets may also affect the prices of such derivatives.  For example, producers seeking to lock in the price of a commodity that they will deliver in the future  generally must sell futures contracts at a price lower than the expected future cash price of the commodity in order to induce speculators to purchase the other side of the same futures contracts.  Conversely, end users of a commodity seeking to hedge against a rise in prices generally must purchase futures contracts at a price higher than the expected future cash price.  Therefore, the prices of commodity derivatives may fluctuate based on whether the predominant hedgers in the market are producers or users of the commodity.
--            Regulatory Risk.  The U.S. Government is in the process of adopting and implementing additional regulations governing derivatives markets, including clearing as discussed above, margin, reporting and registration requirements.  While the full extent and cost of these regulations is currently unclear, these regulations could, among other things, restrict the Fund’s ability to engage in derivatives transactions and/or increase the cost of such derivatives transactions (through increased margin or capital requirements).  In addition, Congress, various exchanges and regulatory and self-regulatory authorities have undertaken reviews of options and futures trading in light of market volatility.  Among the actions that have been taken or proposed to be taken are new limits and reporting requirements for speculative positions, new or more stringent daily price fluctuation limits for futures and options transactions, and increased margin requirements for various types of futures transactions.  These regulations and actions may adversely affect the instruments in which the Fund invests and its ability to execute its investment strategy.
--            Other Risks.  Other risks in using derivatives include the risk of mispricing or improper valuation of derivatives and the inability of derivatives to correlate perfectly with underlying assets, rates and indices.  Many derivatives, in particular privately-negotiated derivatives, are complex and often valued subjectively.  Improper valuations can result in increased cash payment requirements to counterparties or a loss of value to the Fund.  Derivatives do not always perfectly or even highly correlate or track the value of the assets, rates or indices they are designed to closely track.  Consequently, the Fund’s use of derivatives may not always be an effective means of, and sometimes could be counterproductive to, furthering the Fund’s investment objective.
Other. The Fund may purchase and sell derivative instruments only to the extent that such activities are consistent with the requirements of the Commodity Exchange Act (“CEA”) and the rules adopted by the CFTC thereunder. Under CFTC rules, a registered investment company that conducts more than a minimal amount of trading in futures, commodity options, swaps and other commodity interests is a commodity pool and its adviser must register as a commodity pool operator, or CPO. Under such rules, registered investment companies are
6



subject to additional disclosure and reporting requirements. The Adviser has registered as a CPO with respect to the Fund and the Subsidiary. As a result, the Fund is subject to certain disclosure and reporting requirements but, under rules recently adopted by the CFTC, compliance with Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) disclosure and filing requirements will, for the most part, constitute compliance with comparable CFTC requirements.

Use of Options, Futures, Forwards and Swaps by the Fund
—Forward Currency Exchange Contracts.  A forward currency exchange contract is an obligation by one party to buy, and the other party to sell, a specific amount of a currency for an agreed-upon price at a future date.  Forward currency exchange contracts are customized, privately-negotiated agreements designed to satisfy the objectives of each party.  A forward currency exchange contract may result in the delivery of the underlying asset upon maturity of the contract in return for the agreed-upon payment.  NDFs specify a cash payment upon maturity.  NDFs are normally used when the market for physical settlement of the currency is underdeveloped, heavily regulated or highly taxed.
The Fund may, for example, enter into forward currency exchange contracts to attempt to minimize the risk to the Fund from adverse changes in the relationship between the U.S. Dollar and other currencies. The Fund may purchase or sell forward currency exchange contracts for hedging purposes similar to those described below in connection with its transactions in foreign currency futures contracts. For instance, the Fund may enter into a forward contract when it enters into a contract for the purchase or sale of a security denominated in a foreign currency in order to “lock in” the U.S. Dollar price of the security (“transaction hedge”). In addition, when the Fund believes that a foreign currency may suffer a substantial decline against the U.S. Dollar, it may enter into a forward sale contract to sell an amount of that foreign currency approximating the value of some or all of the Fund’s securities denominated in such foreign currency, or when the Fund believes that the U.S. Dollar may suffer a substantial decline against a foreign currency, it may enter into a forward purchase contract to buy that foreign currency for a fixed dollar amount (“position hedge”).  If the Adviser were to forecast incorrectly the direction of exchange rate movements, the Fund might be required to complete such forward transactions at prices inferior to the then current market values.  The Fund may also purchase or sell forward currency exchange contracts for non-hedging purposes as a means of making investments in foreign currencies, as described below under “Currency Transactions”.
If a hedging transaction in forward currency exchange contracts is successful, the decline in the value of portfolio securities or the increase in the cost of securities to be acquired may be offset, at least in part, by profits on the forward currency exchange contract.  Nevertheless, by entering into such forward currency exchange contracts, the Fund may be required to forgo all or a portion of the benefits which otherwise could have been obtained from favorable movements in exchange rates.
The Fund may also use forward currency exchange contracts to seek to increase total return when the Adviser anticipates that a foreign currency will appreciate or depreciate in value but securities denominated in that currency are not held by the Fund and do not present attractive investment opportunities.  For example, the Fund may enter into a foreign currency exchange contract to purchase a currency if the Adviser expects the currency to increase in value.  The Fund would recognize a gain if the market value of the currency is more than the contract value of the currency at the time of settlement of the contract.  Similarly, the Fund may enter into a foreign currency exchange contract to sell a currency if the Adviser expects the currency to decrease in value. 
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The Fund would recognize a gain if the market value of the currency is less than the contract value of the currency at the time of settlement of the contract.
The cost of engaging in forward currency exchange contracts varies with such factors as the currencies involved, the length of the contract period and the market conditions then prevailing.  Since transactions in foreign currencies are usually conducted on a principal basis, no fees or commissions are involved.
—Options on Securities.  The Fund may write and purchase call and put options on securities.  In purchasing an option on securities, the Fund would be in a position to realize a gain if, during the option period, the price of the underlying securities increased (in the case of a call) or decreased (in the case of a put) by an amount in excess of the premium paid; otherwise the Fund would experience a loss not greater than the premium paid for the option.  Thus, the Fund would realize a loss if the price of the underlying security declined or remained the same (in the case of a call) or increased or remained the same (in the case of a put) or otherwise did not increase (in the case of a put) or decrease (in the case of a call) by more than the amount of the premium.  If a put or call option purchased by the Fund were permitted to expire without being sold or exercised, its premium would represent a loss to the Fund.
The Fund may write a put or call option in return for a premium, which is retained by the Fund whether or not the option is exercised.  The Fund may write covered options or uncovered options.  A call option written by the Fund is “covered” if the Fund owns the underlying security, has an absolute and immediate right to acquire that security upon conversion or exchange of another security it holds, or holds a call option on the underlying security with an exercise price equal to or less than of the call option it has written.  A put option written by the Fund is covered if the Fund holds a put option on the underlying securities with an exercise price equal to or greater than of the put option it has written.  Uncovered options or “naked options” are riskier than covered options.  For example, if the Fund wrote a naked call option and the price of the underlying security increased, the Fund would have to purchase the underlying security for delivery to the call buyer and sustain a loss, which could be substantial, equal to the difference between the option price and the market price of the security.
The Fund may also purchase call options to hedge against an increase in the price of securities that the Fund anticipates purchasing in the future.  If such increase occurs, the call option will permit the Fund to purchase the securities at the exercise price, or to close out the options at a profit.  The premium paid for the call option plus any transaction costs will reduce the benefit, if any, realized by the Fund upon exercise of the option, and, unless the price of the underlying security rises sufficiently, the option may expire worthless to the Fund and the Fund will suffer a loss on the transaction to the extent of the premium paid.
The Fund may purchase put options to hedge against a decline in the value of portfolio securities.  If such decline occurs, the put options will permit the Fund to sell the securities at the exercise price or to close out the options at a profit.  By using put options in this
 
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way, the Fund will reduce any profit it might otherwise have realized on the underlying security by the amount of the premium paid for the put option and by transaction costs.
The Fund may also, as an example, write combinations of put and call options on the same security, known as “straddles”, with the same exercise and expiration date. By writing a straddle, the Fund undertakes a simultaneous obligation to sell and purchase the same security in the event that one of the options is exercised.  If the price of the security subsequently rises above the exercise price, the call will likely be exercised and the Fund will be required to sell the underlying security at or below market price.  This loss may be offset, however, in whole or part, by the premiums received on the writing of the two options.  Conversely, if the price of the security declines by a sufficient amount, the put will likely be exercised.  The writing of straddles will likely be effective, therefore, only where the price of the security remains relatively stable and neither the call nor the put is exercised.  In those instances where one of the options is exercised, the loss on the purchase or sale of the underlying security may exceed the amount of the premiums received.
The Fund may purchase or write options on securities of the types in which they are permitted to invest in privately-negotiated (i.e., over-the-counter) transactions.  By writing a call option, the Fund limits its opportunity to profit from any increase in the market value of the underlying security above the exercise price of the option.  By writing a put option, the Fund assumes the risk that it may be required to purchase the underlying security for an exercise price above its then current market value, resulting in a capital loss unless the security subsequently appreciates in value.  Where options are written for hedging purposes, such transactions constitute only a partial hedge against declines in the value of portfolio securities or against increases in the value of securities to be acquired, up to the amount of the premium.
The Fund will effect such transactions only with investment dealers and other financial institutions (such as commercial banks or savings and loan institutions) deemed creditworthy by the Adviser, and the Adviser has adopted procedures for monitoring the creditworthiness of such entities.  Options purchased or written in negotiated transactions may be illiquid and it may not be possible for the Fund to effect a closing transaction at a time when the Adviser believes it would be advantageous to do so.
—Options on Securities Indices.  An option on a securities index is similar to an option on a security except that, rather than taking or making delivery of a security at a specified price, an option on a securities index gives the holder the right to receive, upon exercise of the option, an amount of cash if the closing level of the chosen index is greater than (in the case of a call) or less than (in the case of a put) the exercise price of the option.

The Fund may write (sell) call and put options and purchase call and put options on securities indices.  If the Fund purchases put options on securities indices to hedge its investments against a decline in the value of portfolio securities, it will seek to offset a decline in the value of securities it owns through appreciation of the put option.  If the value of the Fund’s investments does not decline as anticipated, or if the value of the option does not increase, the Fund’s loss will be limited to the premium paid for the option.  The success of this strategy will largely depend on the accuracy of the correlation between the changes in value of the index and the changes in value of the Fund’s security holdings.
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The Fund may also write put or call options on securities indices to, among other things, earn income.  If the value of the chosen index declines below the exercise price of the put option, the Fund has the risk of loss of the amount of the difference between the exercise price and the closing level of the chosen index, which it would be required to pay to the buyer of the put option and which may not be offset by the premium it received upon sale of the put option.  Similarly, if the value of the index is higher than the exercise price of the call option, the Fund has the risk of loss of the amount of the difference between the exercise price and the closing level of the chosen index, which may not be offset by the premium it received upon sale of the call option.  If the decline or increase in the value securities index is significantly below or above the exercise price of the written option, the Fund could experience a substantial loss.

The purchase of call options on securities indices may be used by the Fund to attempt to reduce the risk of missing a broad market advance, or an advance in an industry or market segment, at a time when the Fund holds uninvested cash or short-term debt securities awaiting investment.  When purchasing call options for this purpose, the Fund will also bear the risk of losing all or a portion of the premium paid if the value of the index does not rise.  The purchase of call options on stock indices when the Fund is substantially fully invested is a form of leverage, up to the amount of the premium and related transaction costs, and involves risks of loss and of increased volatility similar to those involved in purchasing call options on securities the Fund owns.
— Other Option Strategies. In an effort to earn extra income, to adjust exposure to individual securities or markets, or to protect all or a portion of its portfolio from a decline in value, sometimes within certain ranges, the Fund may use option strategies such as the concurrent purchase of a call or put option, including on individual securities and stock indices, futures contracts (including on individual securities and stock indices) or shares of exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”) at one strike price and the writing of a call or put option on the same individual security, stock index, futures contract or ETF at a higher strike price in the case of a call option or at a lower strike price in the case of a put option. The maximum profit from this strategy would result for the call options from an increase in the value of the individual security, stock index, futures contract or ETF above the higher strike price or for the put options the decline in the value of the individual security, stock index, futures contract or ETF below the lower strike price. If the price of the individual security, stock index, futures contract or ETF declines in the case of the call option or increases in the case of the put option, the Fund has the risk of losing the entire amount paid for the call or put options.
—Options on Foreign Currencies.  The Fund may purchase and write options on foreign currencies for hedging and non-hedging purposes.  For example, a decline in the dollar value of a foreign currency in which portfolio securities are denominated will reduce the dollar value of such securities, even if their value in the foreign currency remains constant.  In order to protect against such diminutions in the value of portfolio securities, the Fund may purchase put options on the foreign currency.  If the value of the currency does decline, the Fund will have the right to sell such currency for a fixed amount in dollars and could thereby offset, in whole or in part, the adverse effect on its portfolio which otherwise would have resulted.
Conversely, where a rise in the dollar value of a currency in which securities to be acquired are denominated is projected, thereby increasing the cost of such securities, the Fund
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may purchase call options on the currency.  The purchase of such options could offset, at least partially, the effects of the adverse movements in exchange rates.  As in the case of other types of options, however, the benefit to the Fund from purchases of foreign currency options will be reduced by the amount of the premium and related transaction costs.  In addition, where currency exchange rates do not move in the direction or to the extent anticipated, the Fund could sustain losses on transactions in foreign currency options which would require it to forgo a portion or all of the benefits of advantageous changes in such rates.
In addition, where the Fund anticipates a decline in the dollar value of non-U.S. Dollar-denominated securities due to adverse fluctuations in exchange rates it could, instead of purchasing a put option, write a call option on the relevant currency.  If the expected decline occurs, the option will most likely not be exercised, and the diminution in value of portfolio securities could be offset by the amount of the premium received.
Similarly, instead of purchasing a call option to hedge against an anticipated increase in the dollar cost of securities to be acquired, the Fund could write a put option on the relevant currency, which, if rates move in the manner projected, will expire unexercised and allow the Fund to hedge such increased cost up to the amount of the premium. As in the case of other types of options, however, the writing of a foreign currency option will constitute only a partial hedge up to the amount of the premium, and only if rates move in the expected direction. If this does not occur, the option may be exercised and the Fund will be required to purchase or sell the underlying currency at a loss which may not be offset by the amount of the premium. Through the writing of options on foreign currencies, the Fund also may be required to forgo all or a portion of the benefits that might otherwise have been obtained from favorable movements in exchange rates.
In addition to using options for the hedging purposes described above, the Fund may also invest in options on foreign currencies for non-hedging purposes as a means of making investments in foreign currencies.  The Fund may use options on currency to seek to increase total return when the Adviser anticipates that a foreign currency will appreciate or depreciate in value but securities denominated in that currency are not held by the Fund and do not present attractive investment opportunities.  For example, the Fund may purchase call options in anticipation of an increase in the market value of a currency.  The Fund would ordinarily realize a gain if, during the option period, the value of such currency exceeded the sum of the exercise price, the premium paid and transaction costs.  Otherwise, the Fund would realize no gain or loss on the purchase of the call option.  Put options may be purchased by the Fund for the purpose of benefiting from a decline in the value of a currency that the Fund does not own.  The Fund would normally realize a gain if, during the option period, the value of the underlying currency decreased below the exercise price sufficiently to more than cover the premium and transaction costs.  Otherwise, the Fund would realize no gain or loss on the purchase of the put option.  For additional information on the use of options on foreign currencies for non-hedging purposes, see “Currency Transactions” below.

Special Risks Associated with Options on Currencies.  An exchange-traded options position may be closed out only on an options exchange that provides a secondary market for an option of the same series.  Although the Fund will generally purchase or sell options for which there appears to be an active secondary market, there is no assurance that a
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liquid secondary market on an exchange will exist for any particular option, or at any particular time.  For some options, no secondary market on an exchange may exist.  In such event, it might not be possible to effect closing transactions in particular options, with the result that the Fund would have to exercise its options in order to realize any profit and would incur transaction costs on the purchase or sale of the underlying currency.
 
—Futures Contracts and Options on Futures Contracts.  Futures contracts that the Fund may buy and sell may include futures contracts on fixed-income or other securities, and contracts based on interest rates, foreign currencies or financial indices, including any index of U.S. Government securities.  The Fund may, for example, purchase or sell futures contracts and options thereon to hedge against changes in interest rates, securities (through index futures or options) or currencies.
Interest rate futures contracts are purchased or sold for hedging purposes to attempt to protect against the effects of interest rate changes on the Fund’s current or intended investments in fixed-income securities.  For example, if the Fund owned long-term bonds and interest rates were expected to increase, the Fund might sell interest rate futures contracts.  Such a sale would have much the same effect as selling some of the long-term bonds in the Fund’s portfolio.  However, the market for interest rate futures contracts may be more liquid than the cash market for individual bonds, and the use of interest rate futures contracts as a hedging technique allows the Fund to hedge its interest rate risk without having to sell its portfolio securities.  If interest rates were to increase, the value of the debt securities in the portfolio would decline, but the value of the Fund’s interest rate futures contracts would be expected to increase at approximately the same rate, thereby keeping the net asset value, or NAV, of the Fund from declining as much as it otherwise would have.  On the other hand, if interest rates were expected to decline, interest rate futures contracts could be purchased to hedge in anticipation of subsequent purchases of long-term bonds at higher prices.  Because the fluctuations in the value of the interest rate futures contracts should be similar to those of long-term bonds, the Fund could protect itself against the effects of the anticipated rise in the value of long-term bonds without actually buying them until the necessary cash becomes available or the market has stabilized.  At that time, the interest rate futures contracts could be liquidated and the Fund’s cash reserves could then be used to buy long-term bonds on the cash market.
The Fund may purchase and sell foreign currency futures contracts for hedging or risk management purposes in order to protect against fluctuations in currency exchange rates.  Such fluctuations could reduce the dollar value of portfolio securities denominated in foreign currencies, or increase the cost of non-U.S. Dollar-denominated securities to be acquired, even if the value of such securities in the currencies in which they are denominated remains constant.  The Fund may sell futures contracts on a foreign currency, for example, when it holds securities denominated in such currency and it anticipates a decline in the value of such currency relative to the dollar.  If such a decline were to occur, the resulting adverse effect on the value of non-U.S. Dollar-denominated securities may be offset, in whole or in part, by gains on the futures contracts.  However, if the value of the foreign currency increases relative to the dollar, the Fund’s loss on the foreign currency futures contract may or may not be offset by an increase in the value of the securities because a decline in the price of the security stated in terms of the foreign currency may be greater than the increase in its value as a result of the change in exchange rates.
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Conversely, the Fund could protect against a rise in the dollar cost of non-U.S. Dollar-denominated securities to be acquired by purchasing futures contracts on the relevant currency, which could offset, in whole or in part, the increased cost of such securities resulting from a rise in the dollar value of the underlying currencies.  When the Fund purchases futures contracts under such circumstances, however, and the price in dollars of securities to be acquired instead declines as a result of appreciation of the dollar, the Fund will sustain losses on its futures position which could reduce or eliminate the benefits of the reduced cost of portfolio securities to be acquired.
The Fund may also engage in currency “cross hedging” when, in the opinion of the Adviser, the historical relationship among foreign currencies suggests that the Fund may achieve protection against fluctuations in currency exchange rates similar to that described above at a reduced cost through the use of a futures contract relating to a currency other than the U.S. Dollar or the currency in which the foreign security is denominated.  Such “cross hedging” is subject to the same risks as those described above with respect to an unanticipated increase or decline in the value of the subject currency relative to the U.S. Dollar.
The Fund may also use foreign currency futures contracts and options on such contracts for non-hedging purposes.  Similar to options on currencies described above, the Fund may use foreign currency futures contracts and options on such contracts to seek to increase total return when the Adviser anticipates that a foreign currency will appreciate or depreciate in value but securities denominated in that currency are not held by the Fund and do not present attractive investment opportunities.  The risks associated with foreign currency futures contracts and options on futures are similar to those associated with options on foreign currencies, as described above.  For additional information on the use of futures contracts on foreign currencies and options on such contracts for non-hedging purposes, see “Currency Transactions” below.
Purchases or sales of stock or bond index futures contracts may be used for hedging purposes to attempt to protect the Fund’s current or intended investments from broad fluctuations in stock or bond prices.  For example, the Fund may sell stock or bond index futures contracts in anticipation of or during a market decline to attempt to offset the decrease in market value of the Fund’s portfolio securities that might otherwise result.  If such decline occurs, the loss in value of portfolio securities may be offset, in whole or in part, by gains on the futures position.  When the Fund is not fully invested in the securities market and anticipates a significant market advance, it may purchase stock or bond index futures contracts in order to gain rapid market exposure that may, in whole or in part, offset increases in the cost of securities that the Fund intends to purchase.  As such purchases are made, the corresponding positions in stock or bond index futures contracts will be closed out.
Options on futures contracts are options that call for the delivery of futures contracts upon exercise.  Options on futures contracts written or purchased by the Fund will be traded on U.S. exchanges.
The writing of a call option on a futures contract constitutes a partial hedge against declining prices of the securities in the Fund’s portfolio.  If the futures price at expiration of the option is below the exercise price, the Fund will retain the full amount of the option premium, which provides a partial hedge against any decline that may have occurred in the
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Fund’s portfolio holdings.  The writing of a put option on a futures contract constitutes a partial hedge against increasing prices of the securities or other instruments required to be delivered under the terms of the futures contract.  If the futures price at expiration of the put option is higher than the exercise price, the Fund will retain the full amount of the option premium, which provides a partial hedge against any increase in the price of securities which the Fund intends to purchase.  If a put or call option the Fund has written is exercised, the Fund will incur a loss which will be reduced by the amount of the premium it receives.  Depending on the degree of correlation between changes in the value of its portfolio securities and changes in the value of its options on futures positions, the Fund’s losses from exercised options on futures may to some extent be reduced or increased by changes in the value of portfolio securities.
The Fund may purchase options on futures contracts for hedging purposes instead of purchasing or selling the underlying futures contracts.  For example, where a decrease in the value of portfolio securities is anticipated as a result of a projected market-wide decline or changes in interest or exchange rates, the Fund could, in lieu of selling futures contracts, purchase put options thereon.  In the event that such decrease were to occur, it may be offset, in whole or in part, by a profit on the option.  If the anticipated market decline were not to occur, the Fund will suffer a loss equal to the price of the put.  Where it is projected that the value of securities to be acquired by the Fund will increase prior to acquisition due to a market advance or changes in interest or exchange rates, the Fund could purchase call options on futures contracts, rather than purchasing the underlying futures contracts.  If the market advances, the increased cost of securities to be purchased may be offset by a profit on the call.  However, if the market declines, the Fund will suffer a loss equal to the price of the call, but the securities that the Fund intends to purchase may be less expensive.
—Swaps:  Interest Rate Transactions.  The Fund may enter into interest rate swap, swaption, cap or floor transactions, which may include preserving a return or spread on a particular investment or portion of its portfolio or protecting against an increase in the price of securities the Fund anticipates purchasing at a later date.  Unless there is a counterparty default, the risk of loss to the Fund from interest rate transactions is limited to the net amount of interest payments that the Fund is contractually obligated to make.  If the counterparty to an interest rate transaction defaults, the Fund may lose the net amount of interest payments that it is contractually entitled to receive.
 
Interest rate swaps involve the exchange by the Fund with another party of payments calculated by reference to specified interest rates (e.g., an exchange of floating-rate payments for fixed-rate payments) computed based on a contractually-based principal (or “notional”) amount.  Interest rate swaps are entered into on a net basis (i.e., the two payment streams are netted out, with the Fund receiving or paying, as the case may be, only the net amount of the two payments).

An option on a swap agreement, also called a “swaption”, is an option that gives the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to enter into a swap on a future date in exchange for paying a market-based “premium”.  A receiver swaption gives the owner the right to receive the total return of a specified asset, reference rate, or index.  A payer swaption gives the owner the right to pay the total return of a specified asset, reference rate, or index.  Swaptions also include options that allow an existing swap to be terminated or extended by one of the counterparties.

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Interest rate caps and floors are similar to options in that the purchase of an interest rate cap or floor entitles the purchaser, to the extent that a specified index exceeds (in the case of a cap) or falls below (in the case of a floor) a predetermined interest rate, to receive payments of interest on a notional amount from the party selling the interest rate cap or floor.

Caps and floors are less liquid than swaps.  These transactions do not involve the delivery of securities or other underlying assets or principal.  The Fund will enter into bilateral swap agreements, including interest rate swap, swaption, cap or floor transactions only with counterparties who have credit ratings of at least A- (or the equivalent) from any one nationally recognized statistical rating organization (“NRSRO”) or counterparties with guarantors with debt securities having such a rating.  For cleared interest rate swaps, the Adviser will monitor the creditworthiness of each of the central clearing counterparty, clearing broker and executing broker but there will be no prescribed NRSRO rating requirements for these entities.

Credit Default Swaps.  The “buyer” in a credit default swap contract is obligated to pay the “seller” a periodic stream of payments over the term of the contract in return for a contingent payment upon the occurrence of a credit event with respect to an underlying reference obligation.  Generally, a credit event means bankruptcy, failure to pay, obligation acceleration or restructuring.  The Fund may be either the buyer or seller in the transaction.  As a seller, the Fund receives a fixed rate of income throughout the term of the contract, which typically is between one month and ten years, provided that no credit event occurs.  If a credit event occurs, the Fund typically must pay the contingent payment to the buyer.  The contingent payment will be either (i) the “par value” (face amount) of the reference obligation, in which case the Fund will receive the reference obligation in return, or (ii) an amount equal to the difference between the par value and the current market value of the reference obligation.  The value of the reference obligation received by the Fund as a seller, coupled with the periodic payments previously received, may be less than the full notional value it pays to the buyer, resulting in a loss of value to the Fund.  If the Fund is a buyer and no credit event occurs, the Fund will lose its periodic stream of payments over the term of the contract.  However, if a credit event occurs, the buyer typically receives the full notional value for a reference obligation that may have little or no value.
Credit default swaps may involve greater risks than if the Fund had invested in the reference obligation directly.  Credit default swaps are subject to general market risk, liquidity risk and credit risk.
Total Return Swaps.  The Fund may enter into total return swaps in order to take a “long” or “short” position with respect to an underlying referenced asset.  The Fund is subject to market price volatility of the referenced asset.  A total return swap involves commitments to pay interest in exchange for a market-linked return based on a notional amount.  To the extent that the total return of the security, group of securities or index underlying the transaction exceeds or falls short of the offsetting interest obligation, the Fund will receive a payment or make a payment to the counterparty.

Currency Swaps.  The Fund may enter into currency swaps for hedging purposes in an attempt to protect against adverse changes in exchange rates between the U.S. 
 
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Dollar and other currencies or for non-hedging purposes as a means of making direct investments in foreign currencies, as described below under “Currency Transactions”.  Currency swaps involve the exchange by the Fund with another party of a series of payments in specified currencies.  Currency swaps may be bilateral and privately negotiated, with the Fund expecting to achieve an acceptable degree of correlation between its portfolio investments and its currency swaps positions.  Currency swaps may involve the exchange of actual principal amounts of currencies by the counterparties at the initiation and again upon termination of the transaction.  The Fund will not enter into any currency swap unless the credit quality of the unsecured senior debt or the claims-paying ability of the counterparty thereto is rated in the highest short-term rating category of at least one NRSRO at the time of entering into the transaction.
Special Risks Associated with Swaps. Risks may arise as a result of the failure of the counterparty to the swap contract to comply with the terms of the swap contract.  The loss incurred by the failure of a counterparty is generally limited to the net interim payment to be received by the Fund, and/or the termination value at the end of the contract.  Therefore, the Fund considers the creditworthiness of each counterparty to a swap contract in evaluating potential counterparty risk.  The risk is mitigated by having a netting arrangement between the Fund and the counterparty and by the posting of collateral by the counterparty to the Fund to cover the Fund’s exposure to the counterparty.  Certain standardized swaps, including interest rate swaps and credit default swaps, are, or soon will be subject to mandatory central clearing.  Central clearing is expected, among other things, to reduce counterparty credit risk, but does not eliminate it completely.

Additionally, risks may arise from unanticipated movements in interest rates or in the value of the underlying securities.  The Fund accrues for the interim payments on swap contracts on a daily basis, with the net amount recorded within unrealized appreciation/depreciation of swap contracts on the statement of assets and liabilities.  Once the interim payments are settled in cash, the net amount is recorded as realized gain/(loss) on swaps on the statement of operations, in addition to any realized gain/(loss) recorded upon the termination of swap contracts.  Fluctuations in the value of swap contracts are recorded as a component of net change in unrealized appreciation/depreciation of swap contracts on the statement of operations.
 
—Synthetic Foreign Equity Securities.  The Fund may invest in different types of derivatives generally referred to as synthetic foreign equity securities.  These securities may include international warrants or local access products.  International warrants are financial instruments issued by banks or other financial institutions, which may or may not be traded on a foreign exchange.  International warrants are a form of derivative security that may give holders the right to buy or sell an underlying security or a basket of securities representing an index from or to the issuer of the warrant for a particular price or may entitle holders to receive a cash payment relating to the value of the underlying security or index, in each case upon exercise by the Fund.  Local access products are similar to options in that they are exercisable by the holder for an underlying security or a cash payment based upon the value of that security, but are generally exercisable over a longer term than typical options.  These types of instruments may be American style, which means that they can be exercised at any time on or before their expiration date, or European style, which means that they may be exercised only on the expiration date.
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Other types of synthetic foreign equity securities in which the Fund may invest include covered warrants and low exercise price warrants.  Covered warrants entitle the holder to purchase from the issuer, typically a financial institution, upon exercise, common stock of an international company or receive a cash payment (generally in U.S. Dollars).  The issuer of the covered warrant usually owns the underlying security or has a mechanism, such as owning equity warrants on the underlying securities, through which they can obtain the securities.  The cash payment is calculated according to a predetermined formula, which is generally based on the difference between the value of the underlying security on the date of exercise and the strike price.  Low exercise price warrants are warrants with an exercise price that is very low relative to the market price of the underlying instrument at the time of issue (e.g., one cent or less).  The buyer of a low exercise price warrant effectively pays the full value of the underlying common stock at the outset.  In the case of any exercise of warrants, there may be a time delay between the time a holder of warrants gives instructions to exercise and the time the price of the common stock relating to exercise or the settlement date is determined, during which time the price of the underlying security could change significantly.  In addition, the exercise or settlement date of the warrants may be affected by certain market disruption events, such as difficulties relating to the exchange of a local currency into U.S. Dollars, the imposition of capital controls by a local jurisdiction or changes in the laws relating to foreign investments.  These events could lead to a change in the exercise date or settlement currency of the warrants, or postponement of the settlement date.  In some cases, if the market disruption events continue for a certain period of time, the warrants may become worthless resulting in a total loss of the purchase price of the warrants.
The Fund will acquire synthetic foreign equity securities issued by entities deemed to be creditworthy by the Adviser, which will monitor the creditworthiness of the issuers on an ongoing basis.  Investments in these instruments involve the risk that the issuer of the instrument may default on its obligation to deliver the underlying security or cash in lieu thereof.  These instruments may also be subject to liquidity risk because there may be a limited secondary market for trading the warrants.  They are also subject, like other investments in foreign securities, to foreign risk and currency risk.
International warrants also include equity warrants, index warrants, and interest rate warrants.  Equity warrants are generally issued in conjunction with an issue of bonds or shares, although they also may be issued as part of a rights issue or scrip issue.  When issued with bonds or shares, they usually trade separately from the bonds or shares after issuance.  Most warrants trade in the same currency as the underlying stock (domestic warrants), but also may be traded in different currency (euro-warrants).  Equity warrants are traded on a number of foreign exchanges and in over-the-counter markets.  Index warrants and interest rate warrants are rights created by an issuer, typically a financial institution, entitling the holder to purchase, in the case of a call, or sell, in the case of a put, respectively, an equity index or a specific bond issue or interest rate index at a certain level over a fixed period of time.  Index warrants transactions settle in cash, while interest rate warrants can typically be exercised in the underlying instrument or settle in cash.
The Fund also may invest in long-term options of, or relating to, international issuers.  Long-term options operate much like covered warrants.  Like covered warrants, long-term options are call options created by an issuer, typically a financial institution, entitling
 
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the holder to purchase from the issuer outstanding securities of another issuer.  Long-term options have an initial period of one year or more, but generally have terms between three and five years.  Unlike U.S. options, long-term European options do not settle through a clearing corporation that guarantees the performance of the counterparty.  Instead, they are traded on an exchange and subject to the exchange’s trading regulations.
Eurodollar Instruments.  Eurodollar instruments are essentially U.S. Dollar-denominated futures contracts or options thereon that are linked to the London Interbank Offered Rate and are subject to the same limitations and risks as other futures contracts and options.

Currency Transactions.  The Fund may invest in non-U.S. Dollar-denominated securities on a currency hedged or un-hedged basis.  The Adviser may actively manage the Fund’s currency exposures and may seek investment opportunities by taking long or short positions in currencies through the use of currency-related derivatives, including forward currency exchange contracts, futures and options on futures, swaps and options.  The Adviser may enter into transactions for investment opportunities when it anticipates that a foreign currency will appreciate or depreciate in value but securities denominated in that currency are not held by the Fund and do not present attractive investment opportunities.  Such transactions may also be used when the Adviser believes that it may be more efficient than a direct investment in a foreign currency-denominated security.  The Fund may also conduct currency exchange contracts on a spot basis (i.e., for cash at the spot rate prevailing in the currency exchange market for buying or selling currencies).
Forward Commitments and When-Issued and Delayed Delivery Securities
Forward commitments for the purchase or sale of securities may include purchases on a “when-issued” basis or purchases or sales on a “delayed delivery” basis. In some cases, a forward commitment may be conditioned upon the occurrence of a subsequent event, such as approval and consummation of a merger, corporate reorganization or debt restructuring (i.e., a “when, as and if issued” trade).  When forward commitment transactions are negotiated, the price is fixed at the time the commitment is made.  The Fund assumes the rights and risks of ownership of the security, but the Fund does not pay for the securities until they are received.  If the Fund is fully or almost fully invested when forward commitment purchases are outstanding, such purchases may result in a form of leverage.  Leveraging the portfolio in this manner may increase the Fund’s volatility of returns.
The use of forward commitments enables the Fund to protect against anticipated changes in interest rates and/or prices.  When-issued securities and forward commitments may be sold prior to the settlement date.  If the Fund chooses to dispose of the right to acquire a when-issued security prior to its acquisition or dispose of its right to deliver or receive against a forward commitment, it may incur a gain or loss.  Any significant commitment of Fund assets to the purchase of securities on a when-issued basis may increase the volatility of the Fund’s NAV.
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Forward commitments include “to be announced” (“TBA”) mortgage-backed securities, which are contracts for the purchase or sale of mortgage-backed securities to be delivered at a future agreed-upon date, but where the specific mortgage pool number or the number of pools that will be delivered to fulfill the trade obligation or terms of the contract are unknown at the time of the trade.  Subsequent to the trade, a mortgage pool or pools guaranteed by the Government National Mortgage Association, or GNMA, the Federal National Mortgage Association, or FNMA, or the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, or FHLMC (including fixed-rate or variable rate mortgages) are allocated to the TBA mortgage-backed securities transactions.
At the time the Fund intends to enter into a forward commitment, it will record the transaction and thereafter reflect the value of the security purchased or, if a sale, the proceeds to be received, in determining its NAV.  Any unrealized appreciation or depreciation reflected in such valuation of a “when, as and if issued” security would be canceled in the event that the required conditions did not occur and the trade was canceled.
Purchases of securities on a forward commitment or “when-issued” basis may involve more risk than other types of purchases.  For example, by committing to purchase securities in the future, the Fund subjects itself to a risk of loss on such commitments as well as on its portfolio securities.  Also, the Fund may have to sell assets which have been set aside in order to meet redemptions.  In addition, if the Fund determines it is advisable as a matter of investment strategy to sell the forward commitment or “when-issued” or “delayed delivery” securities before delivery, the Fund may incur a gain or loss because of market fluctuations since the time the commitment to purchase such securities was made.  Any such gain or loss would be treated as a capital gain or loss for tax purposes.  When the time comes to pay for the securities to be purchased under a forward commitment or on a “when-issued” or “delayed delivery” basis, the Fund will meet its obligations from the then available cash flow or the sale of securities, or, although it would not normally expect to do so, from the sale of the forward commitment or “when-issued” or “delayed delivery” securities themselves (which may have a value greater or less than the Fund’s payment obligation).  No interest or dividends accrue to the purchaser prior to the settlement date for securities purchased or sold under a forward commitment.  In addition, in the event the other party files for bankruptcy, becomes insolvent, or defaults on its obligation, the Fund may be adversely affected.
Illiquid Securities
The Fund will not invest in illiquid securities if immediately after such investment more than 15% or such other amount permitted by guidance regarding the 1940 Act of the Fund’s net assets would be invested in such securities. For this purpose, illiquid securities  include, among others, (a) direct placements or other securities which are subject to legal or contractual restrictions on resale or for which there is no readily available market (e.g., trading in the security is suspended or, in the case of unlisted securities, market makers do not exist or will not entertain bids or offers), (b) options purchased by the Fund OTC and the cover for options written by the Fund OTC, and (c) repurchase agreements not terminable within seven days.  As discussed in more detail below, securities that have legal or contractual restrictions on resale but have a readily available market are not deemed illiquid for purposes of this limitation.

 
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Mutual funds do not typically hold a significant amount of restricted securities (securities that are subject to restrictions on resale to the general public) or other illiquid securities because of the potential for delays on resale and uncertainty in valuation.  Limitations on resale may have an adverse effect on the marketability of portfolio securities and a mutual fund might be unable to dispose of restricted or other illiquid securities promptly or at reasonable prices and might thereby experience difficulty satisfying redemptions within seven days.  A mutual fund may also have to take certain steps or wait a certain amount of time in order to remove the transfer restrictions for such restricted securities in order to dispose of them, resulting in additional expense and delay.
Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, (the “Securities Act”) allows a broader institutional trading market for securities otherwise subject to restriction on resale to the general public.  Rule 144A establishes a “safe harbor” from the registration requirements of the Securities Act for resales of certain securities (“Rule 144A Securities”) to qualified institutional buyers.  To the extent permitted by applicable law, Rule 144A Securities will not be treated as illiquid for purposes of the foregoing restriction so long as such securities meet the liquidity guidelines established by the Board.  Pursuant to these guidelines, the Adviser will monitor the liquidity of the Fund’s investment in Rule 144A Securities.  An insufficient number of qualified institutional buyers interested in purchasing certain restricted securities held by the Fund, however, could affect adversely the marketability of such portfolio securities and the Fund might be unable to dispose of such securities promptly or at reasonable prices.
The Adviser, acting under the oversight of the Board, will monitor the liquidity of restricted securities in the Fund that are eligible for resale pursuant to Rule 144A.  In reaching liquidity decisions, the Adviser will consider, among others, the following factors: (1) the frequency of trades and quotes for the security; (2) the number of dealers issuing quotations to purchase or sell the security; (3) the number of other potential purchasers of the security; (4) the number of dealers undertaking to make a market in the security; (5) the nature of the security (including its unregistered nature) and the nature of the marketplace for the security (e.g., the time needed to dispose of the security, the method of soliciting offers and the mechanics of the transfer); and (6) any applicable SEC interpretation or position with respect to such type of securities.
Investment in Exchange-Traded Funds and Other Investment Companies
The Fund may invest in shares of ETFs subject to the restrictions and limitations of the 1940 Act or any applicable rules, exemptive orders or regulatory guidance. ETFs are pooled investment vehicles, which may be managed or unmanaged, that generally seek to track the performance of a specific index. ETFs will not track their underlying indices precisely since the ETFs have expenses and may need to hold a portion of their assets in cash, unlike the underlying indices, and the ETFs may not invest in all of the securities in the underlying indices in the same proportion as the underlying indices for various reasons.  The Fund will incur transaction costs when buying and selling ETF shares, and indirectly bear the expenses of the ETFs.  In addition, the market value of an ETF’s shares, which are based on supply and demand in the market for the ETF’s shares, may differ from their NAV.  Accordingly, there may be times when an ETF’s shares trade at a discount to its NAV.

 
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The Fund may also invest in investment companies other than ETFs as permitted by the 1940 Act or the rules and regulations thereunder. As with ETF investments, if the Fund acquires shares in other investment companies, shareholders would bear, indirectly, the expenses of such investment companies (which may include management and advisory fees), which are in addition to the Fund’s expenses. The Fund intends to invest uninvested cash balances in an affiliated money market fund as permitted by Rule 12d1-1 under the 1940 Act.
Investments in the Wholly-Owned Subsidiary

Investments in the Subsidiary are expected to provide the Fund with exposure to the commodity markets within the limitations of Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), and recent Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) revenue rulings, as discussed below under “Dividends, Distributions and Taxes”. The Subsidiary is a company organized under the laws of the Cayman Islands, and is overseen by its own board of directors. The Fund is the sole shareholder of the Subsidiary, and it is not currently expected that shares of the Subsidiary will be sold or offered to other investors.

It is expected that the Subsidiary will invest primarily in commodity-linked derivative instruments, including swap agreements, commodity options, futures and options on futures, backed by a portfolio of inflation-indexed securities and other fixed-income securities. Although the Fund may enter into these commodity-linked derivative instruments directly, the Fund will likely gain exposure to these derivative instruments indirectly by investing in the Subsidiary. The Subsidiary will also invest in inflation-indexed securities and other fixed-income securities, which are intended to serve as margin or collateral for the Subsidiary’s derivatives position. To the extent that the Fund invests in the Subsidiary, the Fund may be subject to the risks associated with those derivative instruments and other securities, which are discussed elsewhere in the Prospectuses and this SAI.

While the Subsidiary may be considered similar to an investment company, it is not registered under the 1940 Act and, unless otherwise noted in the Prospectuses and this SAI, is not subject to all of the investor protections of the 1940 Act and other U.S. regulations. Changes in the laws of the United States and/or the Cayman Islands could result in the inability of the Fund and/or the Subsidiary to operate as described in the Prospectuses and this SAI and could negatively affect the Fund and its shareholders.

Loans of Portfolio Securities
The Fund may seek to increase income by lending portfolio securities to brokers, dealers and financial institutions (“borrowers”) to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act or the rules and regulations thereunder (as such statute, rules and regulations may be amended from time to time).  Under the securities lending program, all securities loans will be secured continually by cash collateral.  A principal risk in lending portfolio securities is that the borrower will fail to return the loaned securities upon termination of the loan and the collateral will not be sufficient to replace the loaned securities upon the borrower’s default.
In determining whether to lend securities to a particular borrower, the Adviser (subject to oversight by the Board) will consider all relevant facts and circumstances, including
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the creditworthiness of the borrower.  The loans would be made only to firms deemed by the Adviser to be creditworthy, and when, in the judgment of the Adviser, the consideration that can be earned currently from securities loans of this type justifies the attendant risk.  The Fund will be compensated for the loan from the net return from the interest earned on the cash collateral after a rebate is paid to the borrower (which may be a negative amount - i.e, the borrower may pay a fee to the Fund in connection with the loan) and fees are paid to the securities lending agent and for certain other administrative expenses.
The Fund will have the right, by providing notice to the borrower at any time, to call a loan and obtain the securities loaned within the normal and customary settlement time for the securities.  While securities are on loan, the borrower is obligated to pay the Fund amounts equal to any income or other distributions from the securities.
The Fund will invest any cash collateral in a money market fund that complies with Rule 2a-7, has been approved by the Board and is expected to be advised by the Adviser.  Any such investment of cash collateral will be subject to the money market fund’s risks.  The Fund may pay reasonable finders’, administrative, and custodial fees in connection with a loan.
The Fund will not have the right to vote on any securities having voting rights during the existence of the loan.  The Fund will have the right to regain record ownership of loaned securities or equivalent securities in order to exercise voting or ownership rights. When the Fund lends its securities, its investment performance will continue to reflect the value of securities on loan.

Loan Participations and Assignments

The Fund may invest in direct debt instruments, which are interests in amounts owed to lenders or lending syndicates by corporate, governmental or other borrowers (“Loans”) either by participating as co-lender at the time the Loan is originated (“Participations”) or by buying an interest in the Loan in the secondary market from a financial institution or institutional investor (“Assignments”).  A Loan is often administered by a bank or other financial institution that acts as agent for all the holders.  The financial status of the agent interposed between the Fund and a borrower may affect the ability of the Fund to receive principal and interest payments.

The return on these investments may depend on the skill with which an agent bank administers the terms of the corporate loan agreements, monitors borrower compliance with covenants, collects principal, interest and fee payments from borrowers and, where necessary, enforces creditor remedies against borrowers.  The agent  typically has broad discretion in enforcing loan agreements.

The Fund’s investment in Participations typically will result in the Fund having a contractual relationship only with the financial institution arranging the Loan with the borrower (the “Lender”) and not with the borrower directly.  The Fund will have the right to receive payments of principal, interest and any fees to which it is entitled only from the Lender selling the Participation and only upon receipt by the Lender of the payments from the borrower.  In connection with purchasing Participations, the Fund generally will have no right to enforce

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compliance by the borrower with the terms of the loan agreement relating to the Loan, nor any rights of set-off against the borrower, and the Fund may not directly benefit from any collateral supporting the Loan in which it has purchased the Participation.  As a result, the Fund may be subject to the credit risk of both the borrower and the Lender that is selling the Participation.  In the event of the insolvency of the Lender selling a Participation, the Fund may be treated as a general creditor of the Lender and may not benefit from any set-off between the Lender and the borrower.  Certain Participations may be structured in a manner designed to avoid purchasers of Participations being subject to the credit risk of the Lender with respect to the Participation; but even under such a structure, in the event of the Lender’s insolvency, the Lender’s servicing of the Participation may be delayed and the assignability of the Participation impaired.  The Fund will acquire Participations only if the Lender interpositioned between the Fund and the borrower is a Lender having total assets of more than $25 billion and whose senior unsecured debt is rated investment grade (i.e., Baa3 or higher by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”) or BBB- or higher by Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services (“S&P”)) or higher.

When the Fund purchases Assignments from Lenders it will acquire direct rights against the borrower on the Loan.  Because Assignments are arranged through private negotiations between potential assignees and potential assignors, however, the rights and obligations acquired by the Fund as the purchaser of an assignment may differ from, and be more limited than, those held by the assigning Lender.  The assignability of certain obligations is restricted by the governing documentation as to the nature of the assignee such that the only way in which the Fund may acquire an interest in a Loan is through a Participation and not an Assignment.  The Fund may have difficulty disposing of Assignments and Participations because to do so it will have to assign such securities to a third party.  Because there is no liquid market for such securities, the Fund anticipates that such securities could be sold only to a limited number of institutional investors.  The lack of a liquid secondary market may have an adverse impact on the value of such securities and the Fund’s ability to dispose of particular Assignments or Participations when necessary to meet the Fund’s liquidity needs in response to a specific economic event such as a deterioration in the creditworthiness of the borrower.  The lack of a liquid secondary market for Assignments and Participations also may make it difficult for the Fund to assign a value to these securities for purposes of valuing the Fund’s portfolio and calculating its asset value.

The Loans may include participations in “bridge loans”, which are Loans taken out by borrowers for a short period (typically less than six months) pending arrangement of more permanent financing through, for example, the issuance of bonds, frequently high-yield bonds issued for purposes of acquisitions.  The Fund may also participate in unfunded loan commitments, which are contractual obligations for future funding, and receive a commitment fee based on the amount of the commitment.

Mortgage-Related Securities, Other Asset-Backed Securities and Structured Securities

The mortgage-related securities in which the Fund may invest typically are securities representing interests in pools of mortgage loans made by lenders such as savings and loan associations, mortgage bankers and commercial banks and are assembled for sale to investors (such as the Fund) by governmental, government-related or private organizations. 
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Private organizations include commercial banks, savings associations, mortgage companies, investment banking firms, finance companies, special purpose finance entities (called special purpose vehicles or SPVs) and other entities that acquire and package loans for resales as mortgage-related securities.  Specifically, these securities may include pass-through mortgage-related securities, collateralized mortgage obligations (“CMOs”), CMO residuals, adjustable-rate mortgage securities (“ARMS”), commercial mortgage-backed securities, “to be announced” (“TBA”) mortgage-backed securities, mortgage dollar rolls, collateralized obligations and other securities that directly or indirectly represent a participation in or are secured by and payable from mortgage loans on real property and other assets.

Pass-Through Mortgage-Related Securities.  Interests in pools of mortgage-related securities differ from other forms of debt securities, which normally provide for periodic payment of interest in fixed amounts with principal payments at maturity or specified call dates.  Instead, these securities provide a monthly payment consisting of both interest and principal payments.  In effect, these payments are a “pass-through” of the monthly payments made by the individual borrowers on their residential mortgage loans, net of any fees paid to the issuer or guarantor of such securities.  Additional payments are caused by repayments of principal resulting from the sale of the underlying residential property, refinancing or foreclosure, net of fees or costs that may be incurred.  Some mortgage-related securities are described as “modified pass-through.”  These securities entitle the holder to receive all interest and principal payments owed on the mortgage pool, net of certain fees, regardless of whether or not the mortgagor actually makes the payment.

The average life of pass-through pools varies with the maturities of the underlying mortgage instruments.  In addition, a pool’s term may be shortened by unscheduled or early payments of principal and interest on the underlying mortgages.  The occurrence of mortgage prepayments is affected by factors including the level of interest rates, general economic conditions, the location and age of the mortgage and other social and demographic conditions.  As prepayment rates of individual pools vary widely, it is not possible to accurately predict the average life of a particular pool.  For pools of fixed-rate 30-year mortgages, common industry practice is to assume that prepayments will result in a 12-year average life.  Pools of mortgages with other maturities or different characteristics will have varying average life assumptions.  The assumed average life of pools of mortgages having terms of less than 30 years, is less than 12 years, but typically not less than five years.

Yields on pass-through securities are typically quoted by investment dealers and vendors based on the maturity of the underlying instruments and the associated average life assumption.  In periods of falling interest rates, the rate of prepayment tends to increase, thereby shortening the actual average life of a pool of mortgage-related securities.  Conversely, in periods of rising interest rates the rate of prepayment tends to decrease, thereby lengthening the actual average life of the pool.  Historically, actual average life has been consistent with the 12-year assumption referred to above.  Actual prepayment experience may cause the yield to differ from the assumed average life yield.  Reinvestment of prepayments may occur at higher or lower interest rates than the original investment, thus affecting the yield of the Fund.  The compounding effect from reinvestment of monthly payments received by the Fund will increase the yield to shareholders compared with bonds that pay interest semi-annually.
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The principal U.S. Governmental (i.e., backed by the full faith and credit of the United States Government) guarantor of mortgage-related securities is GNMA.  GNMA is a wholly-owned U.S. Government corporation within the Department of Housing and Urban Development.  GNMA is authorized to guarantee, with the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government, the timely payment of principal and interest on securities issued by institutions approved by GNMA (such as savings and loan institutions, commercial banks and mortgage bankers) and backed by pools of Federal Housing Administration-insured or U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs-guaranteed mortgages.

Government-related (i.e., not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government) guarantors include FNMA and FHLMC.  FNMA and FHLMC are a government-sponsored corporation or corporate instrumentality of the U.S. Government, respectively (government-sponsored entities or “GSEs”), which were owned entirely by private stockholders until 2008 when they were placed in conservatorship by the U.S. Government.  After being placed in conservatorship, the GSEs issued senior preferred stock and common stock to the U.S. Treasury in an amount equal to 79.9% of each GSE in return for certain funding and liquidity arrangements.  The GSEs continue to operate as going concerns while in conservatorship and each remains liable for all of its obligations associated with its mortgage-backed securities.  The U.S. Treasury provided additional funding to the GSEs, but recently the GSEs have been paying dividends to the U.S. Treasury in a cumulative amount almost equal to the payments made to the GSEs by the U.S. Treasury since 2008.  The future of the GSEs is unclear as Congress is considering whether to adopt legislation that would severely restrict or even terminate their operations.  FNMA purchases residential mortgages from a list of approved seller/servicers, which include state and federally-chartered savings and loan associations, mutual savings banks, commercial banks, credit unions and mortgage bankers.  Pass-through securities issued by FNMA are guaranteed as to timely payment of principal and interest by FNMA and are now, in light of the funding and liquidity arrangements referenced above, effectively backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government.  Participation certificates issued by FHLMC, which represent interests in mortgages from FHLMC’s national portfolio, are guaranteed by FHLMC as to the timely payment of interest and ultimate collection of principal and are now, in effect, backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government.

Commercial banks, savings and loan associations, private mortgage insurance companies, mortgage bankers and other secondary market issuers create pass-through pools of conventional residential mortgage loans.  Securities representing interests in pools created by non-governmental private issuers generally offer a higher rate of interest than securities representing interests in pools created by governmental issuers because there are no direct or indirect governmental guarantees of the underlying mortgage payments.  However, private issuers sometimes obtain committed loan facilities, lines of credit, letters of credit, surety bonds or other forms of liquidity and credit enhancement to support the timely payment of interest and principal with respect to their securities if the borrowers on the underlying mortgages fail to make their mortgage payments.  The ratings of such non-governmental securities are generally dependent upon the ratings of the providers of such liquidity and credit support and would be adversely affected if the rating of such an enhancer were downgraded.


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The structuring of the pass-through pool may also provide credit enhancement.  Examples of such credit support arising out of the structure of the transaction include the issue of senior and subordinated securities (e.g., the issuance of securities by a SPV in multiple classes or “tranches”, with one or more classes being senior to other subordinated classes as to payment of principal and interest, with the result that defaults on the underlying mortgage loans are borne first by the holders of the subordinated class); creation of “reserve funds” (in which case cash or investments sometimes funded from a portion of the payments on the underlying mortgage loans are held in reserve against future losses); and “overcollateralization” (in which case the scheduled payments on, or the principal amount of, the underlying mortgage loans exceeds that required to make payment of the securities and pay any servicing or other fees).  There can be no guarantee that the credit enhancements, if any, will be sufficient to prevent losses in the event of defaults on the underlying mortgage loans.

In addition, mortgage-related securities that are issued by private issuers are not subject to the underwriting requirements for the underlying mortgages that are applicable to those mortgage-related securities that have a government or GSE guarantee.  As a result, the mortgage loans underlying private mortgage-related securities may, and frequently do, have less favorable collateral, credit risk or other underwriting characteristics than government or government-sponsored mortgage-related securities and have wider variances in a number of terms, including interest rate, term, size, purposes and borrower characteristics.  Privately-issued pools more frequently include second mortgages, high loan-to-value mortgages and manufactured housing loans.  The coupon rates and maturities of the underlying mortgage loans in a private-label mortgage-related pool may vary to a greater extent than those included in a government guaranteed pool, and the pool may include subprime mortgage loans.  Subprime loans refer to loans made to borrowers with weakened credit histories or with a lower capacity to make timely payments on their loans.  For these reasons, the loans underlying these securities have had in many cases higher default rates than those loans that meet government underwriting requirements.

Collateralized Mortgage Obligations.  Another form of mortgage-related security is a “pay-through” security, which is a debt obligation of the issuer secured by a pool of mortgage loans pledged as collateral that is legally required to be paid by the issuer, regardless of whether payments are actually made on the underlying mortgages.  CMOs are the predominant type of “pay-through” mortgage-related security.  In a CMO, a series of bonds or certificates is issued in multiple classes.  Each class of a CMO, often referred to as a “tranche”, is issued at a specific coupon rate and has a stated maturity or final distribution date.  Principal prepayments on collateral underlying a CMO may cause one or more tranches of the CMO to be retired substantially earlier than the stated maturities or final distribution dates of the collateral.  Although payment of the principal of, and interest on, the underlying collateral securing privately-issued CMOs may be guaranteed by GNMA, FNMA or FHLMC, these CMOs represent obligations solely of the private issuer and are not insured or guaranteed by GNMA, FNMA, FHLMC, any other governmental agency or any other person or entity.
 
Adjustable-Rate Mortgage Securities.  Another type of mortgage-related security, known as adjustable-rate mortgage securities (“ARMS”), bears interest at a rate determined by reference to a predetermined interest rate or index.  ARMS may be secured by fixed-rate
 

 

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mortgages or adjustable-rate mortgages.  ARMS secured by fixed-rate mortgages generally have lifetime caps on the coupon rates of the securities.  To the extent that general interest rates increase faster than the interest rates on the ARMS, these ARMS will decline in value.  The adjustable-rate mortgages that secure ARMS will frequently have caps that limit the maximum amount by which the interest rate or the monthly principal and interest payments on the mortgages may increase.  These payment caps can result in negative amortization (i.e., an increase in the balance of the mortgage loan).  Furthermore, since many adjustable-rate mortgages only reset on an annual basis, the values of ARMS tend to fluctuate to the extent that changes in prevailing interest rates are not immediately reflected in the interest rates payable on the underlying adjustable-rate mortgages.

Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities.  Commercial mortgage-backed securities are securities that represent an interest in, or are secured by, mortgage loans secured by multifamily or commercial properties, such as industrial and warehouse properties, office buildings, retail space and shopping malls, and cooperative apartments, hotels and motels, nursing homes, hospitals and senior living centers.  Commercial mortgage-backed securities have been issued in public and private transactions by a variety of public and private issuers using a variety of structures, some of which were developed in the residential mortgage context, including multi-class structures featuring senior and subordinated classes.  Commercial mortgage-backed securities may pay fixed or floating rates of interest.  The commercial mortgage loans that underlie commercial mortgage-related securities have certain distinct risk characteristics.  Commercial mortgage loans generally lack standardized terms, which may complicate their structure, tend to have shorter maturities than residential mortgage loans, and may not be fully amortizing.  Commercial properties themselves tend to be unique and are more difficult to value than single-family residential properties.  In addition, commercial properties, particularly industrial and warehouse properties, are subject to environmental risks and the burdens and costs of compliance with environmental laws and regulations.

“To Be Announced” Mortgaged-Backed Securities. TBA mortgage-backed securities are described in “Forward Commitments and When-Issued and Delayed Delivery Securities” above.

Certain Risks.  The value of mortgage-related securities is affected by a number of factors.  Unlike traditional debt securities, which have fixed maturity dates, mortgage-related securities may be paid earlier than expected as a result of prepayments of underlying mortgages.  Such prepayments generally occur during periods of falling mortgage interest rates.  If property owners make unscheduled prepayments of their mortgage loans, these prepayments will result in the early payment of the applicable mortgage-related securities.  In that event, the Fund may be unable to invest the proceeds from the early payment of the mortgage-related securities in investments that provide as high a yield as the mortgage-related securities.  Early payments associated with mortgage-related securities cause these securities to experience significantly greater price and yield volatility than is experienced by traditional fixed-income securities.  The level of general interest rates, general economic conditions and other social and demographic factors affect the occurrence of mortgage prepayments.  Conversely, during periods of rising interest rates, a reduction in prepayments may increase the effective life of mortgage-related securities, subjecting them to greater risk of decline in market value in response to rising interest

 
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rates.  If the life of a mortgage-related security is inaccurately predicted, the Fund may not be able to realize the rate of return it expected.

As with other fixed-income securities, there is also the risk of nonpayment of mortgage-related securities, particularly for those securities that are backed by mortgage pools that contain subprime loans.  Market factors adversely affecting mortgage loan repayments include a general economic downturn, high unemployment, a general slowdown in the real estate market, a drop in the market prices of real estate, or higher mortgage payments required to be made by holders of adjustable rate mortgages due to scheduled increases or higher interest rates.

Subordinated mortgage-related securities may have additional risks.  The subordinated mortgage-related security may serve as credit support for the senior securities purchased by other investors.  In addition, the payments of principal and interest on these subordinated securities generally will be made only after payments are made to the holders of securities senior to the subordinated securities.  Therefore, if there are defaults on the underlying mortgage loans, the holders of subordinated mortgage-related securities will be less likely to receive payments of principal and interest and will be more likely to suffer a loss.

Commercial mortgage-related securities, like all fixed-income securities, generally decline in value as interest rates rise.  Moreover, although generally the value of fixed-income securities increases during periods of falling interest rates, this inverse relationship is not as marked in the case of single-family residential mortgage-related securities, due to the increased likelihood of prepayments during periods of falling interest rates, and may not be as marked in the case of commercial mortgage-related securities.  The process used to rate commercial mortgage-related securities may focus on, among other factors, the structure of the security, the quality and adequacy of collateral and insurance, and the creditworthiness of the originators, servicing companies and providers of credit support.

Mortgage-related securities issued by certain private organizations may not be readily marketable there may be a limited market for these securities, especially when there is a perceived weakness in the mortgage and real estate market sectors.  In particular, the secondary market for CMOs may be more volatile and less liquid than those for other mortgage-related securities, thereby potentially limiting the Fund’s ability to buy or sell those securities at any particular time.  Without an active trading market, mortgage-related securities held in the Fund’s portfolio may be particularly difficult to value because of the complexities involved in the value of the underlying mortgages.  In addition, the rating agencies may have difficulties in rating commercial mortgage-related securities through different economic cycles and in monitoring such ratings on a longer-term basis.
 
As with fixed-income securities generally, the value of mortgage-related securities can also be adversely affected by increases in general interest rates relative to the yield provided by such securities.  Such an adverse effect is especially possible with fixed-rate mortgage securities.  If the yield available on other investments rises above the yield of the fixed-rate mortgage securities as a result of general increases in interest rate levels, the value of the mortgage-related securities will decline.

 
 
 
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Other Asset-Backed Securities. The Fund may invest in other asset-backed securities.  The securitization techniques used to develop mortgage-related securities are being applied to a broad range of financial assets.  Through the use of trusts and special purpose corporations, various types of assets, including automobile loans and leases, credit card receivables, home equity loans, equipment leases and trade receivables, are being securitized in structures similar to the structures used in mortgage securitizations.  For example, the Fund may invest in collateralized debt obligations (“CDOs”), which include collateralized bond obligations (“CBOs”), collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”), and other similarly structured securities.  CBOs and CLOs are types of asset-backed securities.  A CBO is a trust, which is backed by a diversified pool of high-risk, below investment grade fixed-income securities.  A CLO is a trust typically collateralized by a pool of loans, which may include, among others, domestic and foreign senior secured loans, senior unsecured loans, and subordinate corporate loans, including loans that may be rated below investment grade or equivalent unrated loans.  These asset-backed securities are subject to risks associated with changes in interest rates, prepayment of underlying obligations and defaults similar to the risks of investment in mortgage-related securities discussed above.

Each type of asset-backed security also entails unique risks depending on the type of assets involved and the legal structure used.  For example, credit card receivables are generally unsecured obligations of the credit card holder and these debtors are entitled to the protection of a number of state and federal consumer credit laws, many of which give such debtors the right to set off certain amounts owed on the credit cards, thereby reducing the balance due.  There have also been proposals to cap the interest rate that a credit card issuer may charge.  In some transactions, the value of the asset-backed security is dependent on the performance of a third party acting as credit enhancer or servicer.  Furthermore, in some transactions (such as those involving the securitization of vehicle loans or leases) it may be administratively burdensome to perfect the interest of the security issuer in the underlying collateral and the underlying collateral may become damaged or stolen.

Structured SecuritiesThe Fund may invest securities issued in structured financing transactions, which generally involve aggregating types of debt assets in a pool or special purpose entity and then issuing new securities.  Types of structured financings include, for example, mortgage-related and other asset-backed securities.  The Fund’s investments includes investments in structured securities that represent interests in entities organized and operated solely for the purpose of restructuring the investment characteristics of debt obligations.  This type of restructuring involves the deposit with or purchase by an entity, such as a corporation or trust, of specified instruments (such as commercial bank loans) and the issuance by that entity of one or more classes of securities (“Structured Securities”) backed by, or representing interests in, the underlying instruments.  The cash flow on the underlying instruments may be apportioned among the newly-issued Structured Securities to create securities with different investment characteristics such as varying maturities, payment priorities and interest rate provisions, and the extent of the payments made with respect to Structured Securities is dependent on the extent of the cash flow on the underlying instruments.  Because Structured Securities of the type in which the Fund anticipates it will invest typically involve no credit enhancement, their credit risk generally will be equivalent to that of the underlying instruments.
 
 

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The Fund is permitted to invest in a class of Structured Securities that is either subordinated or unsubordinated to the right of payment of another class.  Subordinated Structured Securities typically have higher yields and present greater risks than unsubordinated Structured Securities.
Under the terms of subordinated securities, payments that would be made to their holders may be required to be made to the holders of more senior securities and/or the subordinated or junior securities may have junior liens, if they have any rights at all, in any collateral (meaning proceeds of the collateral are required to be paid first to holders of more senior securities).  As a result, subordinated or junior securities will be disproportionately affected by a default or even a perceived decline in the creditworthiness of the issuer.
Preferred Stock
The Fund may invest in preferred stock. Preferred stock is an equity security that has features of debt because it generally entitles the holder to periodic payments at a fixed rate of return.  Preferred stock is subordinated to any debt the issuer has outstanding but has liquidation preference over common stock.  Accordingly, preferred stock dividends are not paid until all debt obligations are first met.  Therefore, preferred stock may be subject to more fluctuations in market value, due to changes in market participants’ perceptions of the issuer’s ability to continue to pay dividends, than debt of the same issuer.
Real Estate Investment Trusts
Real Estate Investment Trusts (“REITs”) are pooled investment vehicles that invest primarily in income-producing real estate or real estate related loans or interests.  REITs are generally classified as equity REITs, mortgage REITs or a combination of equity and mortgage REITs.  Equity REITs invest the majority of their assets directly in real property and derive income primarily from the collection of rents.  Equity REITs can also realize capital gains by selling properties that have appreciated in value.  Mortgage REITs invest the majority of their assets in real estate mortgages and derive income from the collection of interest and principal payments.  Similar to investment companies such as the Fund, REITs are not taxed on income distributed to shareholders provided they comply with several requirements of the Code.  The Fund will indirectly bear its proportionate share of expenses incurred by REITs in which the Fund invests in addition to the expenses incurred directly by the Fund.
Investing in REITs involves certain unique risks in addition to those risks associated with investing in the real estate industry in general.  Equity REITs may be affected by changes in the value of the underlying property owned by the REITs, while mortgage REITs may be affected by the quality of any credit extended.  REITs are dependent upon management skills, are not diversified, and are subject to heavy cash flow dependency, default by borrowers and self-liquidation.
Because REITs are often smaller capitalization companies, investing in REITs may involve risks similar to those associated with investing in such companies.  REITs may have limited financial resources, may trade less frequently and in a limited volume and may be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements than larger company securities.  Historically, small

 

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capitalization stocks, such as REITs, have had more price volatility than larger capitalization stocks.
 
REITs are subject to the possibilities of failing to qualify for tax-free pass-through of income under the Code and failing to maintain their exemptions from registration under the 1940 Act.  REITs (especially mortgage REITs) also are subject to interest rate risks.  When interest rates decline, the value of a REIT’s investment in fixed-rate obligations can be expected to rise.  Conversely, when interest rates rise, the value of a REIT’s investment in fixed-rate obligations can be expected to decline.  In contrast, as interest rates on adjustable-rate mortgage loans are reset periodically, yields on a REIT’s investments in such loans will gradually align themselves to reflect changes in market interest rates, causing the value of such investments to fluctuate less dramatically in response to interest rate fluctuations than would investments in fixed-rate obligations.
Repurchase Agreements and Buy/Sell Back Transactions
From a technical perspective, in a repurchase agreement transaction the Fund buys a security and simultaneously agrees to sell it back to the counterparty at a specified price in the future.  The purchase and repurchase obligations are transacted under one document.  However, a repurchase agreement is economically similar to a secured loan, in that the Fund lends cash to a counterparty for a specific term, normally a day or a few days, and is given acceptable collateral (the purchased securities) to hold in case the counterparty does not repay the loan.  The difference between the purchase price and the repurchase price of the securities reflects an agreed-upon “interest rate”.  The interest rate is related to the current market rate of the purchased security rather than its coupon rate.  Given that the price at which the Fund will sell the collateral back is specified in advance, the Fund is not exposed to price movements on the collateral unless the counterparty defaults.  If the counterparty defaults on its obligation to buy back the securities at the maturity date and the liquidation value of the collateral is less than the outstanding loan amount, the Fund would suffer a loss.  In order to further mitigate any potential credit exposure to the counterparty, if the value of the securities on any day falls below a specified level that is linked to the loan amount during the life of the agreement, the counterparty must provide additional collateral to support the loan.  Because a repurchase agreement permits the Fund to invest temporarily available cash on a fully-collateralized basis, repurchase agreements permit the Fund to earn a return on such cash while retaining “overnight” flexibility in pursuit of investments of a longer-term nature.
If the counterparty fails to repurchase the underlying security, whether because of its bankruptcy or otherwise, the Fund would attempt to exercise its rights with respect to the underlying security, including possible sale of the security.  The Fund may incur various expenses in connection with the exercise of its rights and may be subject to various delays and risks of loss, including (a) possible declines in the value of the underlying securities, (b) possible reduction in levels of income and (c) lack of access to the securities (if they are held through a third-party custodian) and possible inability to enforce the Fund’s rights.  The Board has established procedures, which are periodically reviewed by the Board, pursuant to which the Adviser monitors the creditworthiness of the dealers with which the Fund enters into repurchase agreement transactions.
 
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The Fund may enter into buy/sell back transactions, which are similar to repurchase agreements.  In this type of transaction, the Fund enters a trade to buy securities at one price and simultaneously enters a trade to sell the same securities at another price on a specified date.  Similar to a repurchase agreement, the repurchase price is higher than the sale price and reflects current interest rates.  Unlike a repurchase agreement, however, the buy/sell back transactions, though done simultaneously, are two separate legal agreements.  A buy/sell back transaction also differs from a repurchase agreement in that the seller is not required to provide margin payments if the value of the securities falls below the repurchase price because the transaction is two separate transactions.  The Fund has the risk of changes in the value of the purchased security during the term of the buy/sell back agreement although these agreements typically provide for the repricing of the original transaction at a new market price if the value of the security changes by a specific amount.
Reverse Repurchase Agreements
The terms of reverse repurchase agreements are essentially the reverse of “Repurchase Agreements” described above; in a reverse repurchase agreement transaction, the Fund sells a security and simultaneously agrees to repurchase it at a specified time and price.  The economic effect of a reverse repurchase agreement is that of the Fund borrowing money on a secured basis, and reverse repurchase agreements may be considered borrowings for some purposes.  Even though the Fund posts securities as collateral, the Fund maintains exposure to price declines on these securities since it has agreed to repurchase the securities at a fixed price.  In addition, during the reverse repurchase agreement period, the Fund continues to receive principal and interest payments on the securities posted as collateral.  If the value of the posted collateral declines, the counterparty would require the Fund to post additional collateral.  If the value of the collateral increases, the Fund may ask for some of its collateral back.
By entering into reverse repurchase agreements, the Fund obtains additional cash to invest in other securities.  The Fund may use reverse repurchase agreements for borrowing purposes if it believes that the cost of this form of borrowing will be lower than the cost of bank borrowing.  Reverse repurchase agreements create leverage risk for the Fund because the Fund maintains exposure to price declines of both the securities it sells in the reverse repurchase transaction and any securities it purchases with the cash it receives under the reverse repurchase agreement.  On the other hand, the use of leverage creates the opportunity for increased income for the Fund’s shareholders when the Fund achieves a higher rate of return on the securities it sells in the reverse repurchase transaction and the investment of the transaction proceeds than it effectively pays in interest on the transaction.
Reverse repurchase agreements involve the risk that the market value of the securities the Fund is obligated to repurchase under the agreement may decline below the repurchase price. In addition, if the counterparty defaults and fails to sell the securities back to the Fund at a time when the market purchase price of the securities exceeds the agreed-upon repurchase price, the Fund would suffer a loss.  In the event the buyer of securities under a reverse repurchase agreement files for bankruptcy or becomes insolvent, the Fund’s use of the proceeds of the agreement may be restricted pending a determination by the other party, or its trustee or receiver, whether to enforce the Fund’s obligation to repurchase the securities.
 
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Rights and Warrants
The Fund may invest in rights or warrants which entitle the holder to buy equity securities at a specific price for a specific period of time, but will do so only if the equity securities themselves are deemed appropriate by the Adviser for inclusion in the Fund’s portfolio.  Rights and warrants may be considered more speculative than certain other types of investments in that they do not entitle a holder to dividends or voting rights with respect to the securities which may be purchased nor do they represent any rights in the assets of the issuing company.  Also, the value of a right or warrant does not necessarily change with the value of the underlying securities and a right or warrant ceases to have value if it is not exercised prior to the expiration date.
Securities Ratings
The ratings of fixed-income securities by Moody’s, S&P, Fitch Ratings (“Fitch”), Dominion Bond Rating Service Ltd. and A.M. Best Company are generally accepted barometers of credit risk.  They are, however, subject to certain limitations from an investor’s standpoint.  The rating of an issuer is heavily weighted by past developments and does not necessarily reflect probable future conditions.  There is frequently a lag between the time a rating is assigned and the time it is updated.  In addition, there may be varying degrees of difference in credit risk of securities within each rating category.
Securities rated BBB+, BBB, or BBB- by S&P or Baa1, Baa2 or Baa3 by Moody’s are considered by Moody’s to have speculative characteristics.  Sustained periods of deteriorating economic conditions or rising interest rates are more likely to lead to a weakening in the issuer’s capacity to pay interest and repay principal than in the case of higher-rated securities.

Non-rated securities will also be considered for investment by the Fund when the Adviser believes that the financial condition of the issuers of such securities, or the protection afforded by the terms of the securities themselves, limits the risk to the Fund to a degree comparable to that of rated securities which are consistent with the Fund’s objectives and policies.

The Adviser generally uses ratings issued by S&P, Moody’s, Fitch and Dominion Bond Rating Service Ltd.  Some securities are rated by more than one of these ratings agencies, and the ratings assigned to the security by the rating agencies may differ.  In such an event, if a security is rated by two or more rating agencies, the Adviser will deem the security to be rated at the highest rating.  For example, if a security is rated by Moody’s and S&P only, with Moody’s rating the security as Ba and S&P as BBB, the Adviser will deem the security to be rated as the equivalent of BBB (i.e., Baa by Moody’s and BBB by S&P).  Or, if a security is rated by Moody’s, S&P and Fitch, with Moody’s rating the security as Ba, S&P as BBB and Fitch as BB, the Adviser will deem the security to be rated as the equivalent of BBB (i.e., Ba1 by Moody’s, BBB by S&P and BBB by Fitch).
 
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The Adviser will try to reduce the risk inherent in the Fund’s investment approach through credit analysis, diversification and attention to current developments and trends in interest rates and economic conditions.  However, there can be no assurance that losses will not occur.  In considering investments in high-yielding securities for the Fund, the Adviser will attempt to identify those high-yielding securities whose financial condition is adequate to meet future obligations, has improved, or is expected to improve in the future.  The Adviser’s analysis focuses on relative values based on such factors as interest or dividend coverage, asset coverage, earnings prospects, and the experience and managerial strength of the issuer.

In the event that the credit rating of a security held by the Fund is downgraded, the credit quality deteriorates after purchase, or the security defaults, the Fund will not be obligated to dispose of that security and may continue to hold the security if, in the opinion of the Adviser, such investment is appropriate in the circumstances.

Unless otherwise indicated, references to securities ratings by one rating agency in this SAI shall include the equivalent rating by another rating agency.
Short Sales
The Fund may make short sales of securities or maintain short positions.  A short sale is effected by selling a security that the Fund does not own, or if the Fund does own such security, it is not to be delivered upon consummation of sale.  A short sale is against the box to the extent that the Fund contemporaneously owns or has the right to obtain securities identical to those sold.  A short sale of a security involves the risk that, instead of declining, the price of the security sold short will rise.  If the price of the securities sold short increases between the time of a short sale and the time the Fund replaces the borrowed security, the Fund will incur a loss; conversely, if the price declines, the Fund will realize a gain.  The potential for the price of a fixed-income security sold short to rise is a function of both the remaining maturity of the obligation, its creditworthiness and its yield.  Unlike short sales of equities or other instruments, the potential for the price of a fixed-income security to rise may be limited due to the fact that the security will be worth no more than par at maturity.  However, the short sale of other instruments or securities generally, including equity securities, fixed-income securities convertible into equities or other instruments, or fixed-income securities that are denominated in a currency other than the U.S. Dollar, involves the possibility of a theoretically unlimited loss since there is a theoretically unlimited potential for the market price of the security sold short to increase.  Short sales may be used in some cases by the Fund to defer the realization of gain or loss for federal income tax purposes on securities then owned by the Fund. See “Dividends,Distributions and Taxes-Tax Straddles” for a discussion of certain special federal income tax considerations that may apply to short sales which are entered into by the Fund.
Structured Products

The Fund may invest in structured products. Structured products, including indexed or structured securities, combine the elements of futures contracts or options with those of debt, preferred equity or a depositary instrument. Generally, the principal amount, amount payable upon maturity or redemption, or interest rate of a structured product is tied (either positively or negatively) to prices, changes in prices, or differences between prices, of underlying


 
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assets, such as securities, currencies, intangibles, goods, articles or commodities or by reference to an unrelated benchmark related to an objective index, economic factor or other measure, such as interest rates, currency exchange rates, commodity indices, and securities indices.  The interest rate or (unlike most fixed-income securities) the principal amount payable at maturity of a structured product may be increased or decreased depending on changes in the value of the underlying asset or benchmark.

Structured products may take a variety of forms.  Most commonly, they are in the form of debt instruments with interest or principal payments or redemption terms determined by reference to the value of a currency or commodity or securities index at a future point in time, but may also be issued as equity or other securities.

Investing in structured products may be more efficient and/or less expensive for the Fund than investing in the underlying assets or benchmarks and the related derivative.  These investments can be used as a means of pursuing a variety of investment goals, including currency hedging, duration management and increased total return.  In addition, structured products may be a tax-advantaged investment in that they generate income that may be distributed to shareholders as income rather than short-term capital gains that may otherwise result from a derivatives transaction.

Structured products, however, have more risk than traditional types of debt or other securities.  These products may not bear interest or pay dividends.  The value of a structured product or its interest rate may be a multiple of a benchmark and, as a result, may be leveraged and move (up or down) more steeply and rapidly than the benchmark.  Under certain conditions, the redemption value of a structured product could be zero.  Structured products are potentially more volatile and carry greater market risks than traditional debt instruments.  The prices of the structured instrument and the benchmark or underlying asset may not move in the same direction or at the same time.  Structured products may be less liquid and more difficult to price than less complex securities or instruments or more traditional debt securities. The risk of these investments can be substantial with the possibility that the entire principal amount is at risk.  The purchase of structured products also exposes the Fund to the credit risk of the issuer of the structured product.

Structured Notes and Indexed Securities: The Fund may invest in a particular type of structured instrument sometimes referred to as a “structured note”.  The terms of these notes may be structured by the issuer and the purchaser of the note. Structured notes are derivative debt instruments, the interest rate or principal of which is determined by an unrelated indicator (for example, a currency, security, commodity or index thereof).  Indexed securities may include structured notes as well as securities other than debt securities, the interest rate or principal of which is determined by an unrelated indicator.  The terms of structured notes and indexed securities may provide that in certain circumstances no principal is due at maturity, which may result in a total loss of invested capital.  Structured notes and indexed securities may be positively or negatively indexed, so that appreciation of the unrelated indicator may produce an increase or a decrease in the interest rate or the value of the structured note or indexed security at maturity may be calculated as a specified multiple of the change in the value of the unrelated indicator.  Therefore, the value of such notes and securities may be very volatile.  Structured

 
 
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notes and indexed securities may entail a greater degree of market risk than other types of debt securities because the investor bears the risk of the unrelated indicator.  Structured notes or indexed securities also may be more volatile, less liquid, and more difficult to accurately price than less complex securities and instruments or more traditional debt securities.

Commodity Index-Linked Notes and Commodity-Linked Notes:  Structured products may provide exposure to the commodities markets.  These structured notes may include leveraged or unleveraged commodity index-linked notes, which are derivative debt instruments with principal and/or coupon payments linked to the performance of commodity indices. They also include commodity-linked notes with principal and/or coupon payments linked to the value of particular commodities or commodities futures contracts, or a subset of commodities and commodities future contracts. The value of these notes will rise or fall in response to changes in the underlying commodity, commodity futures contract, subset of commodities or commodities futures contracts or commodity index. These notes expose the Fund economically to movements in commodity prices. These notes also are subject to risks, such as credit, market and interest rate risks, that in general affect the values of debt securities. In addition, these notes are often leveraged, increasing the volatility of each note’s market value relative to changes in the underlying commodity, commodity futures contract or commodity index. Therefore, the Fund might receive interest or principal payments on the note that are determined based on a specified multiple of the change in value of the underlying commodity futures contract or index.

Credit-Linked Securities:  Credit-linked securities are issued by a limited purpose trust or other vehicle that, in turn, invests in a basket of derivative instruments, such as credit default swaps, interest rate swaps and other securities, in order to provide exposure to certain high yield or other fixed income markets.  For example, the Fund may invest in credit-linked securities as a cash management tool in order to gain exposure to certain high-yield markets and/or to remain fully invested when more traditional income-producing securities are not available.  Like an investment in a bond, investments in credit-linked securities represent the right to receive periodic income payments (in the form of distributions) and payment of principal at the end of the term of the security.  However, these payments are conditioned on the trust’s receipt of payments from, and the trust’s potential obligations to, the counterparties to the derivative instruments and other securities in which the trust invests.  For instance, the trust may sell one or more credit default swaps, under which the trust would receive a stream of payments over the term of the swap agreements provided that no event of default has occurred with respect to the referenced debt obligation upon which the swap is based.  If a default occurs, the stream of payments may stop and the trust would be obligated to pay the counterparty the par value (or other agreed upon value) of the referenced debt obligation.  This, in turn, would reduce the amount of income and principal that the Fund would receive as an investor in the trust.  The Fund’s investments in these instruments are indirectly subject to the risks associated with derivative instruments, including, among others, credit risk, default or similar event risk, counterparty risk, interest rate risk, and leverage risk and management risk.  These securities are generally structured as Rule 144A securities so that they may be freely traded among institutional buyers.  However, changes in the market for credit-linked securities or the availability of willing buyers may result in the securities becoming illiquid.
 
 
 
 
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Zero-Coupon and Payment-in-Kind Bonds
The Fund may at times invest in so-called “zero-coupon” bonds and “payment-in-kind” bonds.  Zero-coupon bonds are issued at a significant discount from their principal amount in lieu of paying interest periodically.  Payment-in-kind bonds allow the issuer, at its option, to make current interest payments on the bonds either in cash or in additional bonds.  Because zero-coupon bonds do not pay current interest, their value is generally subject to greater fluctuations in response to changes in market interest rates than bonds that pay interest currently.  Both zero-coupon and payment-in-kind bonds allow an issuer to avoid the need to generate cash to meet current interest payments.  Accordingly, such bonds may involve greater credit risks than bonds paying interest currently.  Even though such bonds do not pay current interest in cash, the Fund is nonetheless required to accrue interest income on such investments and to distribute such amounts at least annually to shareholders.  Thus, the Fund could be required to liquidate other investments in order to satisfy its dividend requirements at times when the Adviser would not otherwise deem it advisable to do so.
Certain Risk and Other Considerations
Borrowing and Use of Leverage.  The Fund may use borrowings for investment purposes subject to the restrictions of the 1940 Act.  Borrowings by the Fund result in leveraging of the Fund’s shares of common stock.  The proceeds of such borrowings will be invested in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective and policies.  The Fund may also use leverage for investment purposes by entering into transactions such as reverse repurchase agreements, forward contracts and dollar rolls.  This means that the Fund uses the cash proceeds made available during the term of these transactions to make investments in other securities.

Utilization of leverage, which is usually considered speculative, however, involves certain risks to the Fund’s shareholders.  These include a higher volatility of the NAV of the Fund’s shares of common stock and the relatively greater effect on the NAV of the shares caused by favorable or adverse changes in market conditions or interest rates.  So long as the Fund is able to realize a net return on the leveraged portion of its investment portfolio that is higher than the interest expense paid on borrowings or the carrying costs of leveraged transactions, the effect of leverage will be to cause the Fund’s shareholders to realize a higher net return than if the Fund were not leveraged.  However, to the extent that the interest expense on borrowings or the carrying costs of leveraged transactions approaches the return on the leveraged portion of the Fund’s investment portfolio, the benefit of leverage to the Fund’s shareholders will be reduced, and if the interest expense on borrowings or the carrying costs of leveraged transactions were to exceed such return, the Fund’s use of leverage would result in a lower rate of return than if the Fund were not leveraged.  Similarly, the effect of leverage in a declining market would normally be a greater decrease in NAV per share than if the Fund were not leveraged.  In an extreme case, if the Fund’s current investment income were not sufficient to meet the interest expense on borrowings or the carrying costs of leveraged transactions, it could be necessary for the Fund to liquidate certain of its investments in adverse circumstances, potentially significantly reducing the NAV of the Fund’s shares.

Certain transactions, such as derivatives transactions, forward commitments, reverse repurchase agreements and short sales, involve leverage and may expose the Fund to
 

 
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potential losses that, in some cases, may exceed the amount originally invested by the Fund.  When the Fund engages in such transactions, it will, in accordance with guidance provided by the SEC or its staff in, among other things, regulations, interpretative releases and no-action letters, deposit in a segregated account certain liquid assets with a value at least equal to the Fund’s exposure, on a marked-to-market or other relevant basis, to the transaction.  Transactions for which assets have been segregated will not be considered “senior securities” for purposes of the Fund’s investment restriction concerning senior securities.  The segregation of assets is intended to enable the Fund to have assets available to satisfy its obligations with respect to these transactions, but will not limit the Fund’s exposure to loss.

Additional Risks of Futures Contracts, Options on Futures Contracts, Forward Contracts and Options on Foreign Currencies.  Unlike transactions entered into by the Fund in futures contracts, options on foreign currencies and forward contracts may not be traded on contract markets regulated by the CFTC or (with the exception of certain foreign currency options) by the SEC.  Such instruments may be traded through financial institutions acting as market makers, although foreign currency options are also traded on certain national securities exchanges, such as the Philadelphia Stock Exchange and the Chicago Board Options Exchange, subject to SEC regulation.  Similarly, options on currencies may be traded over-the-counter.  In an OTC trading environment, many of the protections afforded to exchange participants will not be available.  For example, there are no daily price fluctuation limits, and adverse market movements could therefore continue to an unlimited extent over a period of time.  Although the purchaser of an option cannot lose more than the amount of the premium plus related transaction costs, this entire amount could be lost.  Moreover, the option writer and a trader of forward contracts could lose amounts substantially in excess of their initial investments, due to the margin and collateral requirements associated with such positions.
Options on foreign currencies traded on national securities exchanges are within the jurisdiction of the SEC, as are other securities traded on such exchanges.  As a result, many of the protections provided to traders on organized exchanges will be available with respect to such transactions.  In particular, all foreign currency option positions entered into on a national securities exchange are cleared and guaranteed by the Options Clearing Corporation (“OCC”), thereby reducing the risk of counterparty default.  Further, a liquid secondary market in options traded on a national securities exchange may be more readily available than in the OTC market, potentially permitting the Fund to liquidate open positions at a profit prior to exercise or expiration, or to limit losses in the event of adverse market movements.
The purchase and sale of exchange-traded foreign currency options is subject to the risks of the availability of a liquid secondary market described above, as well as the risks regarding adverse market movements, margining of options written, the nature of the foreign currency market, possible intervention by governmental authorities and the effects of other political and economic events.  In addition, exchange-traded options on foreign currencies involve certain risks not presented by the OTC market.  For example, exercise and settlement of such options must be made exclusively through the OCC, which has established banking relationships in applicable foreign countries for this purpose.  As a result, the OCC may, if it determines that foreign governmental restrictions or taxes would prevent the orderly settlement of foreign currency option exercises, or would result in undue burdens on the OCC or its clearing member, impose special procedures on exercise and settlement, such as technical changes in the
 
 
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mechanics of delivery of currency, the fixing of dollar settlement prices or prohibitions on exercise.
In addition, futures contracts, options on futures contracts, forward contracts and options on foreign currencies may be traded on foreign exchanges.  Such transactions are subject to the risk of governmental actions affecting trading in or the prices of foreign currencies or securities.  The value of such positions also could be adversely affected by (i) other complex foreign political and economic factors, (ii) lesser availability than in the United States of data on which to make trading decisions, (iii) delays in the Fund’s ability to act upon economic events occurring in foreign markets during nonbusiness hours in the United States, (iv) the imposition of different requirements than in the United States, and (v) lesser trading volume.
Risks of Investments in Foreign Securities.  Investors should understand and consider carefully the substantial risks involved in securities of foreign companies and governments of foreign nations, some of which are referred to below, and which are in addition to the usual risks inherent in domestic investments.  Investing in securities of non-U.S. companies which are generally denominated in foreign currencies, and utilization of derivative investment products denominated in, or the value of which is dependent upon movements in the relative value of, a foreign currency, involve certain considerations comprising both risk and opportunity not typically associated with investing in U.S. companies.  These considerations include changes in exchange rates and exchange control regulations, political and social instability, expropriation, imposition of foreign taxes, less liquid markets and less available information than are generally the case in the United States, higher transaction costs, less government supervision of exchanges, brokers and issuers, difficulty in enforcing contractual obligations, lack of uniform accounting and auditing standards and greater price volatility.
There is generally less publicly available information about foreign companies comparable to reports and ratings that are published about companies in the United States.  Foreign issuers are subject to accounting and financial standards and requirements that differ, in some cases significantly, from those applicable to U.S. issuers.  In particular, the assets and profits appearing on the financial statements of a foreign issuer may not reflect its financial position or results of operations in the way they would be reflected had the financial statement been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.  In addition, for an issuer that keeps accounting records in local currency, inflation accounting rules in some of the countries in which the Fund may invest require, for both tax and accounting purposes, that certain assets and liabilities be restated on the issuer’s balance sheet in order to express items in terms of currency of constant purchasing power.  Inflation accounting may indirectly generate losses or profits.  Consequently, financial data may be materially affected by restatements for inflation and may not accurately reflect the real condition of those issuers and securities markets.  Substantially less information is publicly available about certain non-U.S. issuers than is available about U.S. issuers.
Foreign securities markets are generally not as developed or efficient as those in the United States.  While growing in volume, they usually have substantially less volume than the New York Stock Exchange (the “Exchange”), and securities of some foreign companies are less liquid and more volatile than securities of comparable U.S. companies.  Similarly, volume and liquidity in most foreign bond markets is less than in the United States and, at times,

 
 
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volatility of price can be greater than in the United States.  Commissions on foreign stock exchanges are often higher than negotiated commissions on U.S. exchanges, although the Fund will endeavor to achieve the most favorable net results on its portfolio transactions.  There is generally less government supervision and regulation of stock exchanges, brokers and listed companies than in the United States.
Expropriation, confiscatory taxation, nationalization, political, economic or social instability or other similar developments, such as military coups, have occurred in the past in countries in which the Fund may invest and could adversely affect the Fund’s assets should these conditions or events recur.
Foreign investment in the securities of companies in certain countries is restricted or controlled to varying degrees.  These restrictions or controls may at times limit or preclude Fund investment in certain foreign securities and increase the costs and expenses of the Fund.  Certain countries in which the Fund may invest require governmental approval prior to investments by foreign persons, limit the amount of investment by foreign persons in a particular issuer, limit the investment by foreign persons only to a specific class of securities of an issuer that may have less advantageous rights than the classes available for purchase by domiciliaries of the countries and/or impose additional taxes on foreign investors.
Certain countries may require governmental approval for the repatriation of investment income, capital or the proceeds of sales of securities by foreign investors.  In addition, if a deterioration occurs in a country’s balance of payments, the country could impose temporary restrictions on foreign capital remittances.
Income from certain investments held by the Fund could be reduced by foreign income taxes, including withholding taxes.  It is impossible to determine the effective rate of foreign tax in advance.  The Fund’s NAV may also be affected by changes in the rates or methods of taxation applicable to the Fund or to entities in which the Fund has invested.  The Adviser generally will consider the cost of any taxes in determining whether to acquire any particular investments, but can provide no assurance that the tax treatment of investments held by the Fund will not be subject to change.  A shareholder otherwise subject to U.S. federal income taxes may, subject to certain limitations, be entitled to claim a credit or deduction for U.S. federal income tax purposes for his or her proportionate share of such foreign taxes paid by the Fund. See “United States Federal Income Taxation of the Fund”.
Investors should understand that the expenses of a fund investing in foreign securities may be higher than investment companies investing only in domestic securities since, among other things, the cost of maintaining the custody of foreign securities is higher and the purchase and sale of portfolio securities may be subject to higher transaction charges, such as stamp duties and turnover taxes.
For many securities of foreign issuers, there are U.S. Dollar-denominated ADRs that are traded in the United States on exchanges or over-the-counter.  ADRs do not lessen the foreign exchange risk inherent in investing in the securities of foreign issuers.  However, by investing in ADRs rather than directly in stock of foreign issuers, the Fund can avoid currency risks which might occur during the settlement period for either purchases or sales.

 
 
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Foreign Currency Transactions.  The Fund may invest in securities denominated in foreign currencies and a corresponding portion of the Fund’s revenues will be received in such currencies.  In addition, the Fund may conduct foreign currency transactions for hedging and non-hedging purposes on a spot (i.e., cash) basis or through the use of derivatives transactions, such as forward currency exchange contracts, currency futures and options thereon, and options on currencies as described above.  The dollar equivalent of the Fund’s net assets and distributions will be adversely affected by reductions in the value of certain foreign currencies relative to the U.S. Dollar.  Such changes will also affect the Fund’s income.  The Fund will, however, have the ability to attempt to protect itself against adverse changes in the values of foreign currencies by engaging in certain of the investment practices listed above.  While the Fund has this ability, there is no certainty as to whether and to what extent the Fund will engage in these practices.

Currency exchange rates may fluctuate significantly over short periods of time causing, along with other factors, the Fund’s NAV to fluctuate.  Currency exchange rates generally are determined by the forces of supply and demand in the foreign exchange markets and the relative merits of investments in different countries, actual or anticipated changes in interest rates and other complex factors, as seen from an international perspective.  Currency exchange rates also can be affected unpredictably by the intervention of U.S. or foreign governments or central banks, or the failure to intervene, or by currency controls or political developments in the United States or abroad.  To the extent the Fund’s total assets (adjusted to reflect the Fund’s net position after giving effect to currency transactions) is denominated or quoted in the currencies of foreign countries, the Fund will be more susceptible to the risk of adverse economic and political developments within those countries.

The Fund will incur costs in connection with conversions between various currencies.  The Fund may hold foreign currency received in connection with investments when, in the judgment of the Adviser, it would be beneficial to convert such currency into U.S. Dollars at a later date, based on anticipated changes in the relevant exchange rate.

If the value of the foreign currencies in which the Fund receives income falls relative to the U.S. Dollar between receipt of the income and the making of Fund distributions, the Fund may be required to liquidate securities in order to make distributions if the Fund has insufficient cash in U.S. Dollars to meet the distribution requirements that the Fund must satisfy to qualify as a regulated investment company for federal income tax purposes.  Similarly, if the value of a particular foreign currency declines between the time the Fund incurs expenses in U.S. Dollars and the time cash expenses are paid, the amount of the currency required to be converted into U.S. Dollars in order to pay expenses in U.S. Dollars could be greater than the equivalent amount of such expenses in the currency at the time they were incurred.  In light of these risks, the Fund may engage in certain currency hedging transactions, which themselves, involve certain special risks.
Investments in Lower-Rated and Unrated Instruments. The Fund may invest in lower-rated securities, which may include securities having the lowest rating for non-subordinated debt securities (i.e., rated C by Moody’s or CCC or lower by S&P & Fitch), and unrated securities of equivalent investment quality.  Lower-rated debt securities are considered by the rating organizations to be subject to greater risk of loss of principal and interest than
 
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higher-rated securities and are considered to be predominantly speculative with respect to the issuer’s capacity to pay interest and repay principal, which may in any case decline during sustained periods of deteriorating economic conditions or rising interest rates.  These securities are considered to have extremely poor prospects of ever attaining any real investment standing, to have a current identifiable vulnerability to default, to be unlikely to have the capacity to pay interest and repay principal when due in the event of adverse business, financial or economic conditions, and/or to be in default or not current in the payment of interest or principal.

Lower-rated securities generally are considered to be subject to greater market risk than higher-rated securities in times of deteriorating economic conditions.  In addition, lower-rated securities may be more susceptible to real or perceived adverse economic and competitive industry conditions than investment grade securities, although the market values of securities rated below investment grade and comparable unrated securities tend to react less to fluctuations in interest rate levels than do those of higher-rated securities.  The market for lower-rated securities may be thinner and less active than that for higher-quality securities, which can adversely affect the prices at which these securities can be sold.  To the extent that there is no established secondary market for lower-rated securities, the Adviser may experience difficulty in valuing such securities and, in turn, the Fund’s assets.  In addition, adverse publicity and investor perceptions about lower-rated securities, whether or not based on fundamental analysis, may tend to decrease the market value and liquidity of such lower-rated securities.  Transaction costs with respect to lower-rated securities may be higher, and in some cases information may be less available, than is the case with investment grade securities.

Many fixed-income securities contain call or buy-back features that permit the issuer of the security to call or repurchase it.  Such securities may present risks based on payment expectations.  If an issuer exercises such a “call option” and redeems the security, the Fund may have to replace the called security with a lower yielding security, resulting in a decreased rate of return for the Fund.

In seeking to achieve the Fund’s investment objectives, there will be times, such as during periods of rising interest rates, when depreciation and realization of capital losses on fixed-income securities in the Fund’s portfolio will be unavoidable. Moreover, medium- and lower-rated securities and non-rated securities of comparable quality may be subject to wider fluctuations in yield and market values than higher-rated securities under certain market conditions.  Such fluctuations after a security is acquired do not affect the cash income received from that security but are reflected in the NAV of the Fund.

Sovereign Debt Obligations.  No established secondary markets may exist for many of the sovereign debt obligations in which the Fund may invest.  Reduced secondary market liquidity may have an adverse effect on the market price and the Fund’s ability to dispose of particular instruments when necessary to meet its liquidity requirements or in response to specific economic events such as a deterioration in the creditworthiness of the issuer.  Reduced secondary market liquidity for certain sovereign debt obligations may also make it difficult for the Fund to obtain accurate market quotations for the purpose of valuing its portfolio.  Market quotations are generally available on many sovereign debt obligations only from a limited
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number of dealers and may not necessarily represent firm bids of those dealers or prices for actual sales.
 
By investing in sovereign debt obligations, the Fund will be exposed to the direct or indirect consequences of political, social and economic changes in various countries.  Political changes in a country may affect the willingness of a foreign government to make or provide for timely payments of its obligations.  The country’s economic status, as reflected in, among other things, its inflation rate, the amount of external debt and its gross domestic product, will also affect the government’s ability to honor its obligations.
Many countries providing investment opportunities for the Fund have experienced substantial, and in some periods extremely high, rates of inflation for many years.  Inflation and rapid fluctuation in inflation rates have had and may continue to have adverse effects on the economies and securities markets of certain of these countries.  In an attempt to control inflation, wage and price controls have been imposed in certain countries.
Investing in sovereign debt obligations involves economic and political risks.  The sovereign debt obligations in which the Fund may invest in most cases pertain to countries that are among the world’s largest debtors to commercial banks, foreign governments, international financial organizations and other financial institutions.  In recent years, the governments of some of these countries have encountered difficulties in servicing their external debt obligations, which led to defaults on certain obligations and the restructuring of certain indebtedness.  Restructuring arrangements have included, among other things, obtaining new credit to finance interest payments.  Certain governments have not been able to make payments of interest on or principal of sovereign debt obligations as those payments have come due.  Obligations arising from past restructuring agreements may affect the economic performance and political and social stability of those issuers.
Central banks and other governmental authorities which control the servicing of sovereign debt obligations may not be willing or able to permit the payment of the principal or interest when due in accordance with the terms of the obligations.  As a result, the issuers of sovereign debt obligations may default on their obligations.  Defaults on certain sovereign debt obligations have occurred in the past.  Holders of certain sovereign debt obligations may be requested to participate in the restructuring and rescheduling of these obligations and to extend further loans to the issuers.  The interests of holders of sovereign debt obligations could be adversely affected in the course of restructuring arrangements or by certain other factors referred to below.  Furthermore, some of the participants in the secondary market for sovereign debt obligations may also be directly involved in negotiating the terms of these arrangements and may therefore have access to information not available to other market participants.
The ability of governments to make timely payments on their obligations is likely to be influenced strongly by the issuer’s balance of payments, including export performance, and its access to international credits and investments.  A country whose exports are concentrated in a few commodities could be vulnerable to a decline in the international prices of one or more of those commodities.  Increase protectionism on the part of a country’s trading partners could also adversely affect the country’s exports and diminish its trade account surplus, if any.
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To the extent that a country receives payment for its exports in currencies other than dollars, its ability to make debt payments denominated in dollars could be adversely affected.  To the extent that a country develops a trade deficit, it may need to depend on continuing loans from foreign governments, multilateral organizations or private commercial banks, aid payments from foreign governments and on inflows of foreign investment.  The access of a country to these forms of external funding may not be certain, and a withdrawal of external funding could adversely affect the capacity of a government to make payments on its obligations.  In addition, the cost of servicing debt obligations can be affected by a change in international interest rates since the majority of these obligations carry interest rates that are adjusted periodically based on international rates.
Another factor bearing on the ability of a country to repay sovereign debt obligations is the level of the country’s international reserves.  Fluctuations in the level of these reserves can affect the amount of foreign exchange readily available for external debt payments and, thus, could have a bearing on the capacity of the country to make payments on its sovereign debt obligations.
The Fund is permitted to invest in sovereign debt obligations that are not current in the payment of interest or principal or are in default, so long as the Adviser believes it to be consistent with the Fund’s investment objectives.  The Fund may have limited legal recourse in the event of a default with respect to certain sovereign debt obligations it holds.  For example, remedies for defaults on certain sovereign debt obligations, unlike those on private debt, must, in some cases, be pursued in the courts of the defaulting party itself.  Legal recourse therefore may be significantly diminished.  Bankruptcy, moratorium and other similar laws applicable to issuers of sovereign debt obligations may be substantially different from those applicable to issuers of private debt obligations.  The political context, expressed as a willingness of an issuer of sovereign debt obligations to meet the terms of the debt obligation, for example, is of considerable importance.  In addition, no assurance can be given that the holders of commercial bank debt will not contest payments to the holders of securities issued by foreign governments in the event of default under commercial bank loan agreements.
 
INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS
 

Fundamental Investment Policies
The following fundamental investment policies may not be changed without approval by the vote of a majority of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities, which means the affirmative vote of (i) 67% or more of the shares of the Fund represented at a meeting at which more than 50% of the outstanding shares are present in person or by proxy, or (ii) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Fund, whichever is less.
 
44


 

As a matter of fundamental policy, the Fund:

(a) may not concentrate investments in an industry, as concentration may be defined under the 1940 Act or the rules and regulations thereunder (as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended from time to time) or by guidance regarding, interpretations of, or exemptive orders under, the 1940 Act or the rules or regulations thereunder published by appropriate regulatory authorities;

(b) may not issue any senior security (as that term is defined in the 1940 Act) or borrow money, except to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act or the rules and regulations thereunder (as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended from time to time) or by guidance regarding, or interpretations of, or exemptive orders under, the 1940 Act or the rules or regulations thereunder published by appropriate regulatory authorities.  For purposes of this restriction, margin and collateral arrangements, including, for example, with respect to permitted borrowings, options, futures contracts, options on futures contracts and other derivatives such as swaps are not deemed to involve the issuance of a senior security;

(c) may not make loans except through (i) the purchase of debt obligations in accordance with its investment objective and policies; (ii) the lending of portfolio securities; (iii) the use of repurchase agreements; or (iv) the making of loans to affiliated funds as permitted under the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder (as such statutes, rules or regulations may be amended from time to time), or by guidance regarding, and interpretations of, or exemptive orders under, the 1940 Act;

(d) may not purchase or sell real estate except that it may dispose of real estate acquired as a result of the ownership of securities or other instruments.  This restriction does not prohibit the Fund from investing in securities or other instruments backed by real estate or in securities of companies engaged in the real estate business;

(e) may purchase and sell commodities to the extent allowed by applicable law; and
 
(f) may not act as an underwriter of securities, except that the Fund may acquire restricted securities under circumstances in which, if such securities were sold, the Fund might be deemed to be an underwriter for purposes of the Securities Act.

The Fund is a “non-diversified” investment company as defined in the 1940 Act, which means the Fund is not limited in the proportion of its assets that may be invested in the securities of a single issuer.  This policy may be changed without a shareholder vote.  However, the Fund intends to limit its investments so as to qualify to be taxed as a “regulated investment company” for purposes of the Code, which will relieve the Fund of any liability for federal income tax to the extent its earnings are distributed to shareholders.  To so qualify, among other requirements, the Fund will limit its investment so that, at the close of each quarter of the taxable year, (i) not more than 25% of the Fund’s total assets will be invested in the securities of a single issuer, and (ii) with respect to 50% of its total assets, not more than 5% of its total assets will be invested in the securities of a single issuer and the Fund will not own more than 10% of the
 

45



outstanding voting securities of a single issuer.  The Fund’s investments in U.S. Government securities are not subject to these limitations.

Non-Fundamental Investment Policy
The following is a description of an operating policy that the Fund has adopted but that is not fundamental and is subject to change without shareholder approval.
The Fund may not purchase securities on margin, except (i) as otherwise provided under rules adopted by the SEC under the 1940 Act or by guidance regarding the 1940 Act, or interpretations thereof, and (ii) that the Fund may obtain such short-term credits as are necessary for the clearance of portfolio transactions, and the Fund may make margin payments in connection with futures contracts, options, forward contracts, swaps, caps, floors, collars and other financial instruments.
 
MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND
 

The Adviser
The Adviser, a Delaware limited partnership with principal offices at 1345 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10105, has been retained under an investment advisory agreement (the “Advisory Agreement”) to provide investment advice and, in general, to conduct the management and investment program of the Fund under the supervision of the Board.  The Adviser is an investment adviser registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended.
The Adviser is a leading global investment management firm supervising client accounts with assets as of September 30, 2014, totaling approximately $473 billion.  The Adviser provides management services for many of the largest U.S. public and private employee benefit plans, endowments, foundations, public employee retirement funds, banks, insurance companies and high net worth individuals worldwide.  The Adviser is also one of the largest mutual fund sponsors, with a diverse family of globally distributed mutual fund portfolios.  As one of the world’s leading global investment management organizations, the Adviser is able to compete for virtually any portfolio assignment in any developed capital market in the world.
As of September 30, 2014, the direct ownership structure of the Adviser, expressed as a percentage of general and limited partnership interests, was as follows:
AXA and its subsidiaries
   
62.9
%
AllianceBernstein Holding L.P.
   
35.7
%
Unaffiliated holders
   
1.4
%
     
100.0
%
 
46



 

AXA is a societe anonyme organized under the laws of France and the holding company for an international group of insurance and related financial services companies, through certain of its subsidiaries (“AXA and its subsidiaries”).  AllianceBernstein Holding L.P. (“Holding”) is a Delaware limited partnership, the units of which (“Holding Units”) are traded publicly on the Exchange under the ticker symbol “AB”.  As of September 30, 2014, AXA also owned approximately 1.5% of the issued and outstanding assignments of beneficial ownership of Holding Units.
AllianceBernstein Corporation (an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of AXA) is the general partner of both Holding and the Adviser.  AllianceBernstein Corporation owns 100,000 general partnership units in Holding and a 1% general partnership interest in the Adviser.  Including both the general partnership and limited partnership interests in Holding and the Adviser, AXA and its subsidiaries had an approximate 63.5% economic interest in the Adviser as of September 30, 2014.
Advisory Agreement and Expenses

The Adviser serves as investment manager and adviser of the Fund, continuously furnishes an investment program for the Fund, and manages, supervises and conducts the affairs of the Fund, subject to the Board’s oversight.
Under the Fund’s Advisory Agreement, the Adviser furnishes advice and recommendations with respect to the Fund’s portfolio of securities and investments, and provides persons satisfactory to the Board to act as officers of the Fund.  Such officers or employees may be employees of the Adviser or of its affiliates.
The Adviser is, under the Fund’s Advisory Agreement, responsible for certain expenses incurred by the Fund, including, for example, office facilities and certain administrative services, and any expenses incurred in promoting the sale of shares of the Fund (other than the portion of the promotional expenses borne by the Fund in accordance with an effective plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act, and the costs of printing prospectuses of the Fund and other reports to shareholders and fees related to registration with the SEC and with state regulatory authorities).
The Fund has, under the Advisory Agreement, assumed the obligation for payment of all of its other expenses.  As to the obtaining of services other than those specifically provided to the Fund by the Adviser, the Fund may employ its own personnel.  For such services, it also may utilize personnel employed by the Adviser or its affiliates and, in such event, the services will be provided to the Fund at cost and the payments therefore must be specifically approved by the Board.  The Adviser agreed to voluntarily waive such fees in the amount of $61,500 for the fiscal year ended February 28, 2014.
The Advisory Agreement continues in effect from year to year provided that its continuance is specifically approved at least annually by majority vote of the holders of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund or by the Directors, and, in either case, by a majority of the Directors who are not parties to the Advisory Agreement or “interested persons” of any such party at a meeting in person called for the purpose of voting on such matter.  The continuance
 
47



of the Advisory Agreement for an additional annual term was approved for the Fund at a meeting of Directors held on August 6-8, 2013.
Any material amendment to the Advisory Agreement must be approved by the vote of a majority of the outstanding securities of the Fund and by the vote of a majority of the Directors who are not interested persons of the Fund or the Adviser.  The Advisory Agreement is terminable without penalty on 60 days’ written notice by a vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund, by a vote of a majority of the Directors, or by the Adviser on 60 days’ written notice, and will automatically terminate in the event of its assignment. The Advisory Agreement provides that in the absence of willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence on the part of the Adviser, or of reckless disregard of its obligations thereunder, the Adviser shall not be liable for any action or failure to act in accordance with its duties thereunder.
Certain other clients of the Adviser may have investment objectives and policies similar to those of the Fund.  The Adviser may, from time to time, make recommendations which result in the purchase or sale of the particular security by its other clients simultaneously with a purchase or sale thereof by the Fund.  If transactions on behalf of more than one client during the same period increase the demand for securities being purchase or the supply of securities being sold, there may be an adverse effect on price.  It is the policy of the Adviser to allocate advisory recommendations and the placing of orders in a manner that is deemed equitable by the Adviser to the accounts involved, including the Fund.  When two or more of the Adviser’s clients (including the Fund) are purchasing or selling the same security on a given day through the same broker or dealer, such transactions may be averaged as to price.
For the services rendered by the Adviser under the Advisory Agreement, the Fund paid the Adviser a monthly fee at an annualized rate of 0.60% of the average daily net assets of the Fund.   The Adviser did not receive any fees from the Fund for the fiscal year ended February 28, 2014.  The Adviser has contractually agreed to waive its fee and bear certain expenses so that total expenses (excluding acquired fund fees and expenses other than the advisory fees of any AllianceBernstein Mutual Funds in which the Fund may invest, interest expense, brokerage commissions and other transaction costs, taxes and extraordinary expenses) do not exceed on an annual basis 1.05%, 1.80%, 1.30%, 1.05%, 0.80%, 1.05%, 0.80% and 0.80% of average daily net assets, respectively, for Class A, Class C, Class R, Class K, Class I, Class 1, Class 2 and Advisor Class shares. This fee waiver and/or expense reimbursement agreement may not be terminated before July 1, 2015.  Fees waived and expenses borne by the Adviser are subject to reimbursement by the Fund until February 28, 2015, provided that no reimbursement payment will be made that would cause the Fund’s total annual operating expenses to exceed 1.05%, 1.80%, 1.30%, 1.05%, 0.80%, 1.05%, 0.80% and 0.80% of average daily net assets, respectively, for Class A, Class C, Class R, Class K, Class I, Class 1, Class 2 and Advisor Class shares or cause the total of the payments to exceed the Fund’s total initial offering expenses.  Under the expense limitation undertaking, $342,002 was waived and/or reimbursed by the Adviser for the fiscal year ended February 28, 2014.

The Adviser may act as an investment adviser to other persons, firms or corporations, including investment companies, and is the investment adviser to AllianceBernstein Blended Style Series, Inc., AllianceBernstein Bond Fund, Inc.,
 
 
48



AllianceBernstein Core Opportunities Fund, Inc., AllianceBernstein Corporate Shares, AllianceBernstein Discovery Growth Fund, Inc., AllianceBernstein Equity Income Fund, Inc., AllianceBernstein Exchange Reserves, AllianceBernstein Fixed-Income Shares, Inc., AllianceBernstein Global Bond Fund, Inc., AllianceBernstein Global Real Estate Investment Fund, Inc., AllianceBernstein Global Risk Allocation Fund, Inc., AllianceBernstein Global Thematic Growth Fund, Inc., AllianceBernstein Growth and Income Fund, Inc., AllianceBernstein High Income Fund, Inc., AllianceBernstein Institutional Funds, Inc., AllianceBernstein International Growth Fund, Inc., AllianceBernstein Large Cap Growth Fund, Inc., AllianceBernstein Municipal Income Fund, Inc., AllianceBernstein Municipal Income Fund II, AllianceBernstein Trust, AllianceBernstein Unconstrained Bond Fund, Inc., AllianceBernstein Variable Products Series Fund, Inc., Sanford C. Bernstein Fund, Inc., Sanford C. Bernstein Fund II, Inc., The AllianceBernstein Pooling Portfolios and The AllianceBernstein Portfolios, all registered open-end investment companies; and to AllianceBernstein Global High Income Fund, Inc., AllianceBernstein Income Fund, Inc., AllianceBernstein Multi-Manager Alternative Fund, AllianceBernstein National Municipal Income Fund, Inc., Alliance California Municipal Income Fund, Inc., and Alliance New York Municipal Income Fund, Inc., all registered closed-end investment companies.  The registered investment companies for which the Adviser serves as investment adviser are referred to collectively below as the “AllianceBernstein Fund Complex”, while all of these investment companies, except the Sanford C. Bernstein Fund, Inc. and the AllianceBernstein Multi-Manager Alternative Fund, are referred to collectively below as the “AllianceBernstein Funds”.
 
Board of Directors Information
Certain information concerning the Directors is set forth below.
NAME, ADDRESS,* AGE
AND
(YEAR FIRST ELECTED**)
 
PRINCIPAL
OCCUPATION(S)
DURING PAST FIVE YEARS OR LONGER
 
 
PORTFOLIOS
IN ALLIANCEBERNSTEIN FUND
COMPLEX
OVERSEEN BY DIRECTOR
 
OTHER PUBLIC COMPANY
DIRECTORSHIPS
HELD
BY DIRECTOR IN THE PAST FIVE YEARS
             
INDEPENDENT DIRECTORS
 
Chairman of the Board
 
           
Marshall C. Turner, Jr., #, ^
72
(2011)
 
Private Investor since prior to 2009.  Former CEO of Dupont Photomasks, Inc. (components of semi-conductor manufacturing), 2003-2006, and interim CEO 1999-2000.  Interim CEO of MEMC Electronic Materials, Inc. (semi-conductor and solar cell
 
 
103
 
Xilinx, Inc. (programmable logic semi-conductors) and SunEdison, Inc. (semi-conductor substrates, solar materials and solar
             
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
49

 

 


NAME, ADDRESS,* AGE
AND
(YEAR FIRST ELECTED**)
 
PRINCIPAL
OCCUPATION(S)
DURING PAST FIVE YEARS OR LONGER
 
 
PORTFOLIOS
IN ALLIANCEBERNSTEIN FUND
COMPLEX
OVERSEEN BY DIRECTOR
 
OTHER PUBLIC COMPANY
DIRECTORSHIPS
HELD
BY DIRECTOR IN THE PAST FIVE YEARS
             
    substrates) from November 2008 until March 2009.  He has extensive operating and early-stage investment experience, including prior service as general partner of three institutional venture capital partnerships, and serves on the boards of three education and science-related non-profit organizations.  He has served as a director of one AllianceBernstein fund since 1992, and director or trustee of multiple AllianceBernstein funds since 2005.  He is Chairman of the AllianceBernstein Funds since January 2014, and the Chairman of the Independent Directors Committee of such Funds since February 2014.        power plants) since prior to 2009 
 
John H. Dobkin, #
72
(2011) 
 
 
Independent Consultant since prior to 2009.  Formerly, President of Save Venice, Inc. (preservation organization) from 2001–2002, Senior Advisor from June 1999-June 2000 and President of Historic Hudson Valley (historic preservation) from December 1989-May 1999.  Previously, Director of the National Academy of Design. He has served as a director or trustee of various AllianceBernstein Funds since 1992.
  103   None 
             
Michael J. Downey, #
70
(2011)
 
Private Investor since prior to 2009. Formerly, managing partner of Lexington Capital, LLC
 
 
103
 
Asia Pacific Fund, Inc. since prior to 2009, Prospect
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
50




NAME, ADDRESS,* AGE
AND
(YEAR FIRST ELECTED**)
 
PRINCIPAL
OCCUPATION(S)
DURING PAST FIVE YEARS OR LONGER
 
 
PORTFOLIOS
IN ALLIANCEBERNSTEIN FUND
COMPLEX
OVERSEEN BY DIRECTOR
 
OTHER PUBLIC COMPANY
DIRECTORSHIPS
HELD
BY DIRECTOR IN THE PAST FIVE YEARS
 
  (investment advisory firm) from December 1997 until December 2003. From 1987 until 1993, Chairman and CEO of Prudential Mutual Fund Management, director of the Prudential mutual funds, and member of the Executive Committee of Prudential Securities Inc. He has served as a director or trustee of the AllianceBernstein Funds since 2005 and is a director and Chairman of one other registered investment company. Acquisition Corp. (financial services) from 2007 until 2009 and The Merger Fund since prior to 2009 until 2013
 
William H. Foulk, Jr., #
81
(2011) 
 
 
Investment Adviser and an Independent Consultant since prior to 2009.  Previously, he was Senior Manager of Barrett Associates, Inc., a registered investment adviser.  He was formerly Deputy Comptroller and Chief Investment Officer of the State of New York and, prior thereto, Chief Investment Officer of the New York Bank for Savings.  He has served as a director or trustee of various AllianceBernstein Funds since 1983 and has been Chairman of the Independent Directors Committee of the AllianceBernstein Funds since 2003 until early February 2014.  He served as Chairman of such Funds from 2003 through December 2013.
  103    None
             
D. James Guzy, #
78
 
Chairman of the Board of SRC Computers, Inc. (semi-
 
 
103
 
PLX Technology (semi-conductors)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
None
51




NAME, ADDRESS,* AGE
AND
(YEAR FIRST ELECTED**)
 
PRINCIPAL
OCCUPATION(S)
DURING PAST FIVE YEARS OR LONGER
 
 
PORTFOLIOS
IN ALLIANCEBERNSTEIN FUND
COMPLEX
OVERSEEN BY DIRECTOR
 
OTHER PUBLIC COMPANY
DIRECTORSHIPS
HELD
BY DIRECTOR IN THE PAST FIVE YEARS
             
(2011)
 
conductors), with which he has been associated since prior to 2009. He served as Chairman of the Board of PLX Technology (semi-conductors) since prior to 2009 until February 2014. He was a director of Intel Corporation (semi-conductors) from 1969 until 2008, and served as Chairman of the Finance Committee of such company for several years until May 2008. He has served as a director or trustee of one or more of the AllianceBernstein Funds since 1982. since prior to 2009 until February 2014, and Cirrus Logic Corporation (semi-conductors) since prior to 2009 until July 2011
 
Nancy P. Jacklin, #
66
(2011)
 
 
Professorial Lecturer at the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies since 2008.  Formerly, U.S. Executive Director of the International Monetary Fund (which is responsible for ensuring the stability of the international monetary system), (December 2002-May 2006); Partner, Clifford Chance (1992-2002); Sector Counsel, International Banking and Finance, and Associate General Counsel, Citicorp (1985-1992); Assistant General Counsel (International), Federal Reserve Board of Governors (1982-1985); and Attorney Advisor, U.S. Department of the Treasury (1973-1982).  Member of the Bar of the District of Columbia and of New York; and member of the Council on Foreign Relations.  She has
  103   None 
             
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
52




NAME, ADDRESS,* AGE
AND
(YEAR FIRST ELECTED**)
 
PRINCIPAL
OCCUPATION(S)
DURING PAST FIVE YEARS OR LONGER
 
 
PORTFOLIOS
IN ALLIANCEBERNSTEIN FUND
COMPLEX
OVERSEEN BY DIRECTOR
 
OTHER PUBLIC COMPANY
DIRECTORSHIPS
HELD
BY DIRECTOR IN THE PAST FIVE YEARS
             
  served as a director or trustee of the AllianceBernstein Funds since 2006.
 
Garry L. Moody, #
62
(2011)
 
 
Independent Consultant. Formerly, Partner, Deloitte & Touche LLP (1995-2008) where he held a number of senior positions, including Vice Chairman, and U.S. and Global Investment Management Practice Managing Partner; President, Fidelity Accounting and Custody Services Company (1993-1995); and Partner, Ernst & Young LLP (1975-1993), where he served as the National Director of Mutual Fund Tax Services and Managing Partner of its Chicago Office Tax department. He is a member of both the Governing Council of the Independent Directors Council (IDC), an organization of independent directors of mutual funds, and the Trustee Advisory Board of BoardIQ, a biweekly publication focused on issues and news affecting directors of mutual funds.  He has served as a director or trustee, and as Chairman of the Audit Committee, of the AllianceBernstein Funds since 2008.
  103    None 
             
Earl D. Weiner, #
74
(2011)
 
Of Counsel, and Partner prior to January 2007, of the law firm Sullivan & Cromwell LLP and member of ABA Federal Regulation of Securities Committee Task Force to draft
 
 
103
 
None
             
 
           
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
53




NAME, ADDRESS,* AGE
AND
(YEAR FIRST ELECTED**)
 
PRINCIPAL
OCCUPATION(S)
DURING PAST FIVE YEARS OR LONGER
 
 
PORTFOLIOS
IN ALLIANCEBERNSTEIN FUND
COMPLEX
OVERSEEN BY DIRECTOR
 
OTHER PUBLIC COMPANY
DIRECTORSHIPS
HELD
BY DIRECTOR IN THE PAST FIVE YEARS
             
  editions of the Fund Director’s Guidebook.  He has served as a director or trustee of the AllianceBernstein Funds since 2007 and is Chairman of the Governance and Nominating Committees of the Funds.
 
INTERESTED DIRECTOR 
 
Robert M. Keith, +
54
(2011)
 
 
Senior Vice President of the Adviser++ and the head of AllianceBernstein Investments, Inc. (“ABI”)++ since July 2008; Director of ABI and President of the AllianceBernstein Mutual Funds.  Previously, he served as Executive Managing Director of ABI from December 2006 to June 2008.  Prior to joining ABI in 2006, Executive Managing Director of Bernstein Global Wealth Management, and prior thereto, Senior Managing Director and Global Head of Client Service and Sales of the Adviser’s institutional investment management business since 2004.  Prior thereto, he was Managing Director and Head of North American Client Service and Sales in the Adviser’s institutional investment management business, with which he had been associated since prior to 2004.
  103    None 
________________
* The address for each of the Fund’s Directors is c/o AllianceBernstein L.P., Attention:  Philip L. Kirstein, 1345 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY  10105.
**
There is no stated term of office for the Fund’s Directors.
 
 
 
 
54

 
 
 
#
Member of the Audit Committee, the Governance and Nominating Committee and the Independent Directors Committee.
+ Mr. Keith is an “interested person”, as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act, of the Fund due to his position as a Senior Vice President of the Adviser.
++ The Adviser and ABI are affiliates of the Fund.
^ Mr. Turner became Chairman of the Board on January 1, 2014.
The business and affairs of the Fund are overseen by the Board.  Directors who are not “interested persons” of the Fund as defined in the 1940 Act, are referred to as “Independent Directors”, and Directors who are “interested persons” of the Fund are referred to as “Interested Directors”.  Certain information concerning the Fund’s governance structure and each Director is set forth below.
Experience, Skills, Attributes, and Qualifications of the Fund’s Directors.  The Governance and Nominating Committee of the Board, which is composed of Independent Directors, reviews the experience, qualifications, attributes and skills of potential candidates for nomination or election by the Board, and conducts a similar review in connection with the proposed nomination of current Directors for re-election by shareholders at any annual or special meeting of shareholders.  In evaluating a candidate for nomination or election as a Director the Governance and Nominating Committee takes into account the contribution that the candidate would be expected to make to the diverse mix of experience, qualifications, attributes and skills that the Governance and Nominating Committee believes contributes to good governance for the Fund.  Additional information concerning the Governance and Nominating Committee’s consideration of nominees appears in the description of the Committee below.
The Board believes that, collectively, the Directors have balanced and diverse experience, qualifications, attributes, and skills, which allow the Board to operate effectively in governing the Fund and protecting the interests of shareholders.  The Board has concluded that, based on each Director’s experience, qualifications, attributes or skills on an individual basis and in combination with those of the other Directors, each Director is qualified and should continue to serve as such.
In determining that a particular Director was and continues to be qualified to serve as a Director, the Board has considered a variety of criteria, none of which, in isolation, was controlling.  In addition, the Board has taken into account the actual service and commitment of each Director during his or her tenure (including the Director’s commitment and participation in Board and committee meetings, as well as his or her current and prior leadership of standing and ad hoc committees) in concluding that each should continue to serve.  Additional information about the specific experience, skills, attributes and qualifications of each Director, which in each case led to the Board’s conclusion that the Director should serve (or continue to serve) as trustee or director of the Fund, is provided in the table above and in the next paragraph.
Among other attributes and qualifications common to all Directors are their ability to review critically, evaluate, question and discuss information provided to them (including information requested by the Directors), to interact effectively with the Adviser, other service providers, counsel and the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm, and to exercise effective business judgment in the performance of their duties as Directors.  In addition
55



 
 
to his or her service as a Director of the Fund and other AllianceBernstein Funds as noted in the table above: Mr. Dobkin has experience as an executive of a number of organizations and served as Chairman of the Audit Committees of many of the AllianceBernstein Funds from 2001 to 2008; Mr. Downey has experience in the investment advisory business including as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of a large fund complex and as director of a number of non-AllianceBernstein funds and as Chairman of a non-AllianceBernstein closed-end fund; Mr. Foulk has experience in the investment advisory and securities businesses, including as Deputy Comptroller and Chief Investment Officer of the State of New York (where his responsibilities included bond issuances, cash management and oversight of the New York Common Retirement Fund), has served as Chairman of the Independent Directors Committee from 2003 until early February 2014, served as Chairman of the AllianceBernstein Funds from 2003 through December 2013, and is active in a number of mutual fund related organizations and committees; Mr. Guzy has experience as a corporate director including as Chairman of a public company and Chairman of the Finance Committee of a large public technology company; Ms. Jacklin has experience as a financial services regulator, as U.S. Executive Director of the International Monetary Fund (which is responsible for ensuring the stability of the international monetary system), and as a financial services lawyer in private practice; Mr. Keith has experience as an executive of the Adviser with responsibility for, among other things, the AllianceBernstein Funds; Mr. Moody has experience as a certified public accountant including experience as Vice Chairman and U.S. and Global Investment Management Practice Partner for a major accounting firm, is a member of both the governing council of an organization of independent directors of mutual funds, and the Trustee Advisory Board of BoardIQ, a biweekly publication focused on issues and news affecting directors of mutual funds, and has served as a director or trustee and Chairman of the Audit Committee of the AllianceBernstein Funds since 2008; Mr. Turner has experience as a director (including as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of a number of companies) and as a venture capital investor including prior service as general partner of three institutional venture capital partnerships, and has served as Chairman of the AllianceBernstein Funds since January 2014 and the Independent Directors Committee of such Funds since February 2014; and Mr. Weiner has experience as a securities lawyer whose practice includes registered investment companies and as director or trustee of various non-profit organizations and Chairman of a number of them, and has served as Chairman of the Governance and Nominating Committee of the AllianceBernstein Funds since 2007.  The disclosure herein of a director’s experience, qualifications, attributes and skills does not impose on such director any duties, obligations, or liability that are greater than the duties, obligations and liability imposed on such director as a member of the Board and any committee thereof in the absence of such experience, qualifications, attributes and skills.

Board Structure and Oversight Function.  The Board is responsible for oversight of the Fund.  The Fund has engaged the Adviser to manage the Fund on a day-to-day basis.  The Board is responsible for overseeing the Adviser and the Fund’s other service providers in the operations of the Fund in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective and policies and otherwise in accordance with its prospectus, the requirements of the 1940 Act and other applicable Federal, state and other securities and other laws, and the Fund’s charter and bylaws.  The Board typically meets in-person at regularly scheduled meetings eight times throughout the year.  In addition, the Directors may meet in-person or by telephone at special meetings or on an informal basis at other times.  The Independent Directors also regularly meet without the
 
56

 
presence of any representatives of management.  As described below, the Board has established three standing committees – the Audit, Governance and Nominating and Independent Directors Committees – and may establish ad hoc committees or working groups from time to time, to assist the Board in fulfilling its oversight responsibilities.  Each committee is composed exclusively of Independent Directors.  The responsibilities of each committee, including its oversight responsibilities, are described further below.  The Independent Directors have also engaged independent legal counsel, and may from time to time engage consultants and other advisors, to assist them in performing their oversight responsibilities.
An Independent Director serves as Chairman of the Board.  The Chairman’s duties include setting the agenda for each Board meeting in consultation with management, presiding at each Board meeting, meeting with management between Board meetings, and facilitating communication and coordination between the Independent Directors and management.  The Directors have determined that the Board’s leadership by an Independent Director and its committees composed exclusively of Independent Directors is appropriate because they believe it sets the proper tone to the relationships between the Fund, on the one hand, and the Adviser and other service providers, on the other, and facilitates the exercise of the Board’s independent judgment in evaluating and managing the relationships.  In addition, the Fund is required to have an Independent Director as Chairman pursuant to certain 2003 regulatory settlements involving the Adviser.
Risk Oversight.  The Fund is subject to a number of risks, including investment, compliance and operational risks.  Day-to-day risk management with respect to the Fund resides with the Adviser or other service providers (depending on the nature of the risk), subject to supervision by the Adviser.  The Board has charged the Adviser and its affiliates with (i) identifying events or circumstances the occurrence of which could have demonstrable and material adverse effects on the Fund; (ii) to the extent appropriate, reasonable or practicable, implementing processes and controls reasonably designed to lessen the possibility that such events or circumstances occur or to mitigate the effects of such events or circumstances if they do occur; and (iii) creating and maintaining a system designed to evaluate continuously, and to revise as appropriate, the processes and controls described in (i) and (ii) above.
Risk oversight forms part of the Board’s general oversight of the Fund’s investment program and operations and is addressed as part of various regular Board and committee activities.  The Fund’s investment management and business affairs are carried out by or through the Adviser and other service providers.  Each of these persons has an independent interest in risk management but the policies and the methods by which one or more risk management functions are carried out may differ from the Fund’s and each other’s in the setting of priorities, the resources available or the effectiveness of relevant controls.  Oversight of risk management is provided by the Board and the Audit Committee.  The Directors regularly receive reports from, among others, management (including the Global Heads of Investment Risk and Trading Risk of the Adviser), the Fund’s Senior Officer (who is also the Fund’s independent compliance officer), the Fund’s Chief Compliance Officer, its independent registered public accounting firm, counsel, and internal auditors for the Adviser, as appropriate, regarding risks faced by the Fund and the Adviser’s risk management programs.
57

 
Not all risks that may affect the Fund can be identified, nor can controls be developed to eliminate or mitigate their occurrence or effects.  It may not be practical or cost-effective to eliminate or mitigate certain risks, the processes and controls employed to address certain risks may be limited in their effectiveness, and some risks are simply beyond the reasonable control of the Fund or the Adviser, its affiliates or other service providers.  Moreover, it is necessary to bear certain risks (such as investment-related risks) to achieve the Fund’s goals.  As a result of the foregoing and other factors the Fund’s ability to manage risk is subject to substantial limitations.
Board Committees.  The Board has three standing committees – an Audit Committee, a Governance and Nominating Committee and an Independent Directors Committee.  The members of the Audit, Governance and Nominating and Independent Directors Committees are identified above.
The function of the Audit Committee is to assist the Board in its oversight of the Fund’s financial reporting process.  The Audit Committee met three times during the Fund’s most recently completed fiscal year.
The function of the Governance and Nominating Committee includes the nomination of persons to fill any vacancies or newly created positions on the Board.  The Governance and Nominating Committee met three times during the Fund’s most recently completed fiscal year.
The Board has adopted a charter for its Governance and Nominating Committee.  Pursuant to the charter, the Committee assists the Board in carrying out its responsibilities with respect to governance of the Fund and identifies, evaluates, selects and nominates candidates for the Board.  The Committee may also set standards or qualifications for Directors and reviews at least annually the performance of each Director, taking into account factors such as attendance at meetings, adherence to Board policies, preparation for and participation at meetings, commitment and contribution to the overall work of the Board and its committees, and whether there are health or other reasons that might affect the Director’s ability to perform his or her duties.  The Committee may consider candidates as Directors submitted by the Fund’s current Board members, officers, the Adviser, stockholders and other appropriate sources.
Pursuant to the Charter, the Governance and Nominating Committee will consider candidates for nomination as a Director submitted by a shareholder or group of shareholders who have beneficially owned at least 5% of the Fund’s common stock or shares of beneficial interest for at least two years prior to the time of submission and who timely provide specified information about the candidates and the nominating shareholder or group.  To be timely for consideration by the Governance and Nominating Committee, the submission, including all required information, must be submitted in writing to the attention of the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Fund not less than 120 days before the date of the proxy statement for the previous year’s annual meeting of shareholders.  If the Fund did not hold an annual meeting of shareholders in the previous year, the submission must be delivered or mailed and received within a reasonable amount of time before the Fund begins to print and mail its proxy materials.  Public notice of such upcoming annual meeting of shareholders may be given in a shareholder report or other mailing to shareholders or by other means deemed by the
58


 
Governance and Nominating Committee or the Board to be reasonably calculated to inform shareholders.
Shareholders submitting a candidate for consideration by the Governance and Nominating Committee must provide the following information to the Governance and Nominating Committee: (i) a statement in writing setting forth (A) the name, date of birth, business address and residence address of the candidate; (B) any position or business relationship of the candidate, currently or within the preceding five years, with the shareholder or an associated person of the shareholder as defined below; (C) the class or series and number of all shares of the Fund owned of record or beneficially by the candidate; (D) any other information regarding the candidate that is required to be disclosed about a nominee in a proxy statement or other filing required to be made in connection with the solicitation of proxies for election of Directors pursuant to Section 20 of the 1940 Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder;  (E) whether the shareholder believes that the candidate is or will be an “interested person” of the Fund (as defined in the 1940 Act) and, if believed not to be an “interested person”, information regarding the candidate that will be sufficient for the Fund to make such determination; and (F) information as to the candidate’s knowledge of the investment company industry, experience as a director or senior officer of public companies, directorships on the boards of other registered investment companies and educational background; (ii) the written and signed consent of the candidate to be named as a nominee and to serve as a Director if elected; (iii) the written and signed agreement of the candidate to complete a directors’ and officers’ questionnaire if elected; (iv) the shareholder’s consent to be named as such by the Fund; (v) the class or series and number of all shares of the Fund owned beneficially and of record by the shareholder and any associated person of the shareholder and the dates on which such shares were acquired, specifying the number of shares owned beneficially but not of record by each, and stating the names of each as they appear on the Fund’s record books and the names of any nominee holders for each; and (vi) a description of all arrangements or understandings between the shareholder, the candidate and/or any other person or persons (including their names) pursuant to which the recommendation is being made by the shareholder.  “Associated person of the shareholder” means any person who is required to be identified under clause (vi) of this paragraph and any other person controlling, controlled by or under common control with, directly or indirectly, (a) the shareholder or (b) the associated person of the shareholder.
The Governance and Nominating Committee may require the shareholder to furnish such other information as it may reasonably require or deem necessary to verify any information furnished pursuant to the nominating procedures described above or to determine the qualifications and eligibility of the candidate proposed by the shareholder to serve on the Board.  If the shareholder fails to provide such other information in writing within seven days of receipt of written request from the Governance and Nominating Committee, the recommendation of such candidate as a nominee will be deemed not properly submitted for consideration, and will not be considered, by the Committee.
The Governance and Nominating Committee will consider only one candidate submitted by such a shareholder or group for nomination for election at an annual meeting of shareholders.  The Governance and Nominating Committee will not consider self-nominated candidates.  The Governance and Nominating Committee will consider and evaluate candidates submitted by shareholders on the basis of the same criteria as those used to consider and evaluate
59


 
 
candidates submitted from other sources.  These criteria include the candidate’s relevant knowledge, experience, and expertise, the candidate’s ability to carry out his or her duties in the best interests of the Fund, and the candidate’s ability to qualify as an Independent Director.  When assessing a candidate for nomination, the Committee considers whether the individual’s background, skills, and experience will complement the background, skills, and experience of other nominees and will contribute to the diversity of the Board.
The function of the Independent Directors Committee is to consider and take action on matters that the Board or Committee believes should be addressed in executive session of the Independent Directors, such as review and approval of the Advisory and Distribution Services Agreements.  The Independent Directors Committee met seven times during the Fund’s most recently completed fiscal year.
The dollar range of the Fund’s securities owned by each Director and the aggregate dollar range of securities of funds in the AllianceBernstein Fund Complex owned by each Director are set forth below.
 
DOLLAR RANGE OF EQUITY
SECURITIES IN THE FUND AS
OF DECEMBER 31, 2013
AGGREGATE DOLLAR RANGE OF EQUITY
SECURITIES IN THE ALLIANCEBERNSTEIN
FUND COMPLEX AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2013  
       
John H. Dobkin
None
Over $100,000
Michael J. Downey
None
Over $100,000
William H. Foulk, Jr.
None
Over $100,000
D. James Guzy
None
Over $100,000
Nancy P. Jacklin
None
Over $100,000
Robert M. Keith*
None
None
Garry L. Moody
None
Over $100,000
Marshall C. Turner, Jr.
None
Over $100,000
Earl D. Weiner
None
Over $100,000
 
___________________       
*  With respect to Mr. Keith, unvested interests in certain deferred compensation plans, including the Partner Compensation Plan are not included.
Officer Information
Certain information concerning the Fund’s officers is set forth below.
 
NAME, ADDRESS,*
AND AGE
 
POSITION(S) HELD
WITH FUND                                    
 
PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION
DURING PAST FIVE YEARS
         
Robert M. Keith,
54 
  President and Chief Executive Officer    See biography above. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
60




NAME, ADDRESS,*
AND AGE
 
POSITION(S) HELD
WITH FUND                                    
 
PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION
DURING PAST FIVE YEARS
         
Philip L. Kirstein,
69
 
Senior Vice President and Independent Compliance Officer
Senior Vice President and Independent Compliance Officer of the funds in the AllianceBernstein Fund Complex and Chief Compliance Officer until December 31, 2013 of the AllianceBernstein Funds, with which he has been associated since October 2004.  Prior thereto, he was Of Counsel to Kirkpatrick & Lockhart, LLP from October 2003 to October 2004, and General Counsel of Merrill Lynch Investment Managers, L.P. since prior to March 2003.
 
Daniel J. Loewy,
39 
Vice President
Senior Vice President of the Adviser,** with which he has been associated since prior to 2009.
 
Brian T. Brugman,
33
 
 
 
Vice President
 
Senior Vice President of the Adviser,** with which he has been associated since 2009.
 
Emilie D. Wrapp,
58
 
Secretary
 
Senior Vice President, Assistant General Counsel and Assistant Secretary of ABI,** with which she has been associated since prior to 2009.
 
Joseph J. Mantineo,
55
 
Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer
 
Senior Vice President of ABIS,** with which he has been associated since prior to 2009.
 
Vincent S. Noto,
49
 
Chief Compliance Officer
 
Vice President, Mutual Fund Chief Compliance Officer since 2014.  Prior thereto, he was Vice President and Director of Mutual Fund Compliance of AllianceBernstein since 2009.
 
Phyllis J. Clarke,
53
 
Controller and Chief Accounting Officer
 
Vice President of ABIS,** with which she has been associated since prior to 2009.
 
__________________________________
* The address for each of the Fund’s Officers is 1345 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10105.
** The Adviser, ABI and ABIS are affiliates of the Fund.
The Fund does not pay any fees to, or reimburse expenses of, its Directors who are considered “interested persons” (as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act) of the Fund.  The aggregate compensation paid to the Directors by the Fund for the fiscal year ended February 28, 2014, the aggregate compensation paid to each of the Directors during calendar year 2013 by the AllianceBernstein Fund Complex, and the total number of registered investment companies
61

 
 
(and separate investment portfolios within the companies) in the AllianceBernstein Fund Complex with respect to which each of the Directors serves as a director or trustee, are set forth below.  Neither the Fund nor any other fund in the AllianceBernstein Fund Complex provides compensation in the form of pension or retirement benefits to any of its directors or trustees.  Each of the Directors is a director or trustee of one or more other registered investment companies in the AllianceBernstein Fund Complex.


Name of Director
of the Fund      
 
Aggregate
Compensation
from the Fund
   
Total Compensation from the AllianceBernstein Fund Complex, Including the Fund
   
Total Number of Registered Investment Companies in the AllianceBernstein Fund Complex, Including the Fund, as to which the Director is a Director or Trustee
   
Total Number of
Investment Portfolios within the AllianceBernstein Fund Complex, Including the Fund, as to which the Director is a Director or
Trustee
 
                 
John H. Dobkin
 
$
680
   
$
262,000
     
33
     
103
 
Michael J. Downey
 
$
680
   
$
262,000
     
33
     
103
 
William H. Foulk, Jr.
 
$
1,107
   
$
487,000
     
33
     
103
 
D. James Guzy
 
$
680
   
$
262,000
     
33
     
103
 
Nancy P. Jacklin
 
$
680
   
$
262,000
     
33
     
103
 
Robert M. Keith
 
$
0
   
$
0
     
33
     
103
 
Garry L. Moody
 
$
771
   
$
297,000
     
33
     
103
 
Marshall C. Turner, Jr.
 
$
816
   
$
262,000
     
33
     
103
 
Earl D. Weiner
 
$
727
   
$
280,000
     
33
     
103
 

As of June 6, 2014, the Directors and officers of the Fund as a group owned less than 1% of the shares of the Fund.
Additional Information About the Fund’s Portfolio Managers
The management of, and investment decisions for, the Fund’s portfolio are made by its senior investment management team.  Daniel J. Loewy and Brian T. Brugman are the investment professionals1 primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund’s portfolio (the “Portfolio Managers”).  For additional information about the portfolio management of the Fund, see “Management of the Fund – Portfolio Managers” in the Fund’s Prospectuses.
The dollar ranges of the Fund’s equity securities owned directly or beneficially by the Fund’s portfolio managers as of February 28, 2014 are set forth below:
 

1 Investment professionals at the Adviser include portfolio managers and research analysts. Investment professionals are part of investment groups (or teams) that service individual fund portfolios.  The number of investment professionals assigned to a particular fund will vary from fund to fund.
 
2 The dollar range presented above include any vested shares awarded under the Adviser’s Partners Compensation Plan (the “Plan”).
 
 
 
62

 

 
DOLLAR RANGE OF EQUITY SECURITIES IN THE FUND2
 
 
Daniel J. Loewy
$
100,001-$500,000
 
         
 
Brian T. Brugman
$
50,001-$100,000
 

 
As of February 28, 2014, employees of the Adviser had approximately $80,655,404 in shares of all AllianceBernstein Mutual Funds (excluding AllianceBernstein money market funds) through their interests in certain deferred compensation plans, including the Partners Compensation Plan, including both vested and unvested amounts.
The following tables provide information regarding registered investment companies other than the Fund, other pooled investment vehicles and other accounts over which each Portfolio Manager also has day-to-day management responsibilities.  The tables provide the numbers of such accounts, the total assets in such accounts and the number of accounts and total assets whose fees are based on performance.  The information is provided as of February 28, 2014.
REGISTERED INVESTMENT COMPANIES
(excluding the Fund)
Portfolio Manager
 
Total Number of Registered Investment Companies Managed
   
Total Assets of
Registered Investment
Companies Managed
 
Number of Registered
Investment Companies
Managed with
Performance-based Fees
Total Assets of
Registered Investment
Companies Managed
with Performance-
based Fees
Daniel J. Loewy
   
31
   
$
5,420,000,000
 
None
None
Brian T. Brugman
   
25
   
$
3,970,000,000
 
None
None
 

 
OTHER POOLED INVESTMENT VEHICLES
Portfolio Manager
 
Total Number of Other
Pooled
Investment Vehicles
Managed
   
Total Assets of Other
Pooled Investment
Vehicles Managed
 
Number of Other Pooled
Investment Vehicles
Managed with
Performance-based Fees
Total Assets of Other Pooled Investment
Vehicles Managed
with Performance-
based Fees
Daniel J. Loewy
   
209
   
$
19,911,000,000
 
None
None
Brian T. Brugman
   
  13
   
$
128,000,000
 
None
None
 
 
 

63

 


 
OTHER ACCOUNTS
Portfolio Manager
 
Total Number of Other
Accounts Managed
   
Total Assets of Other
Accounts Managed
 
Number of Other
Accounts Managed with
Performance-based Fees
Total Assets of
Other Accounts
Managed with Performance-
based Fees
Daniel J. Loewy
   
14
   
$
9,024,000,000
 
None
None
Brian T. Brugman
   
5
   
$
1,967,000,000
 
None
None
 

Investment Professional Conflict of Interest Disclosure
As an investment adviser and fiduciary, the Adviser owes its clients and shareholders an undivided duty of loyalty.  We recognize that conflicts of interest are inherent in our business and accordingly have developed policies and procedures (including oversight monitoring) reasonably designed to detect, manage and mitigate the effects of actual or potential conflicts of interest in the area of employee personal trading, managing multiple accounts for multiple clients, including AllianceBernstein Mutual Funds, and allocating investment opportunities.  Investment professionals, including portfolio managers and research analysts, are subject to the above-mentioned policies and oversight monitoring to ensure that all clients are treated equitably.  We place the interests of our clients first and expect all of our employees to meet their fiduciary duties.
Employee Personal Trading.  The Adviser has adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that is designed to detect and prevent conflicts of interest when investment professionals and other personnel of the Adviser own, buy or sell securities which may be owned by, or bought or sold for, clients.  Personal securities transactions by an employee may raise a potential conflict of interest when an employee owns or trades in a security that is owned or considered for purchase or sale by a client, or recommended for purchase or sale by an employee to a client.  Subject to the reporting requirements and other limitations of its Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, the Adviser permits its employees to engage in personal securities transactions, and also allows them to acquire investments in certain funds managed by the Adviser.  The Adviser’s Code of Business Conduct and Ethics requires disclosure of all personal accounts and maintenance of brokerage accounts with designated broker-dealers approved by the Adviser.  The Code of Business Conduct and Ethics also requires preclearance of all securities transactions (subject to certain exceptions, including transactions in U.S. Treasuries and open-end mutual funds) and imposes a 90-day holding period for securities purchased by employees to discourage short-term trading.
Managing Multiple Accounts for Multiple Clients.  The Adviser has compliance policies and oversight monitoring in place to address conflicts of interest relating to the management of multiple accounts for multiple clients.  Conflicts of interest may arise when an investment professional has responsibilities for the investments of more than one account because the investment professional may be unable to devote equal time and attention to each account.  The investment professional or investment professional teams for each client may have responsibilities for managing all or a portion of the investments of multiple accounts with a
64



 
common investment strategy, including other registered investment companies, unregistered investment vehicles, such as hedge funds, pension plans, separate accounts, collective trusts and charitable foundations.  Among other things, the Adviser’s policies and procedures provide for the prompt dissemination to investment professionals of initial or changed investment recommendations by analysts so that investment professionals are better able to develop investment strategies for all accounts they manage.  In addition, investment decisions by investment professionals are reviewed for the purpose of maintaining uniformity among similar accounts and ensuring that accounts are treated equitably.  As discussed further below under “Portfolio Manager Compensation”, investment professional compensation reflects a broad contribution in multiple dimensions to long-term investment success for our clients and is not generally tied specifically to the performance of any particular client’s account, nor is it generally tied directly to the level or change in level of assets under management.
Allocating Investment Opportunities.  The investment professionals at the Adviser routinely are required to select and allocate investment opportunities among accounts.  The Adviser has adopted policies and procedures intended to address conflicts of interest relating to the allocation of investment opportunities.  These policies and procedures are designed to ensure that information relevant to investment decisions is disseminated promptly within its portfolio management teams and investment opportunities are allocated equitably among different clients.  The policies and procedures require, among other things, objective allocation for limited investment opportunities (e.g., on a rotational basis), and documentation and review of justifications for any decisions to make investments only for select accounts or in a manner disproportionate to the size of the account.  Portfolio holdings, position sizes, and industry and sector exposures tend to be similar across similar accounts, which minimizes the potential for conflicts of interest relating to the allocation of investment opportunities.  Nevertheless, access to portfolio funds or other investment opportunities may be allocated differently among accounts due to the particular characteristics of an account, such as size of the account, cash position, tax status, risk tolerance and investment restrictions or for other reasons.
The Adviser’s procedures are also designed to address potential conflicts of interest that may arise when the Adviser has a particular financial incentive, such as a performance-based management fee, relating to an account.  An investment professional may perceive that he or she has an incentive to devote more time to developing and analyzing investment strategies and opportunities or allocating securities preferentially to accounts for which the Adviser could share in investment gains.
Portfolio Manager Compensation
The Adviser’s compensation program for portfolio managers is designed to align with clients’ interests, emphasizing each portfolio manager’s ability to generate long-term investment success for the Adviser’s clients, including the Fund.  The Adviser also strives to ensure that compensation is competitive and effective in attracting and retaining the highest caliber employees.
Portfolio managers receive a base salary, incentive compensation and contributions to AllianceBernstein’s 401(k) plan.  Part of the annual incentive compensation is generally paid in the form of a cash bonus, and part through an award under the firm’s Incentive
65



Compensation Award Plan (ICAP).  The ICAP awards vest over a four-year period.  Deferred awards are paid in the form of restricted grants of the firm’s Master Limited Partnership Units, and award recipients have the ability to receive a portion of their awards in deferred cash.  The amount of contributions to the 401(k) plan is determined at the sole discretion of the Adviser.  On an annual basis, the Adviser endeavors to combine all of the foregoing elements into a total compensation package that considers industry compensation trends and is designed to retain its best talent.
The incentive portion of total compensation is determined by quantitative and qualitative factors.  Quantitative factors, which are weighted more heavily, are driven by investment performance.  Qualitative factors are driven by contributions to the investment process and client success.
The quantitative component includes measures of absolute, relative and risk-adjusted investment performance.  Relative and risk-adjusted returns are determined based on the benchmark in the Fund’s prospectus and versus peers over one-, three- and five-year calendar periods, with more weight given to longer-time periods.  Peer groups are chosen by Chief Investment Officers, who consult with the product management team to identify products most similar to our investment style and most relevant within the asset class.  Portfolio managers of the Fund do not receive any direct compensation based upon the investment returns of any individual client account, and compensation is not tied directly to the level or change in level of assets under management.
Among the qualitative components considered, the most important include thought leadership, collaboration with other investment colleagues, contributions to risk-adjusted returns of other portfolios in the firm, efforts in mentoring and building a strong talent pool and being a good corporate citizen.  Other factors can play a role in determining portfolio managers’ compensation, such as the complexity of investment strategies managed, volume of assets managed and experience.
The Adviser emphasizes four behavioral competencies—relentlessness, ingenuity, team orientation and accountability—that support its mission to be the most trusted advisor to its clients.  Assessments of investment professionals are formalized in a year-end review process that includes 360-degree feedback from other professionals from across the investment teams and the Adviser.
 
 
EXPENSES OF THE FUND
 
 
Distribution Services Agreement
The Fund has entered into a Distribution Services Agreement (the “Agreement”) with ABI, the Fund’s principal underwriter to permit ABI to distribute the Fund’s shares and to permit the Fund to pay distribution services fees to defray expenses associated with distribution of its Class A shares, Class C shares, Class R shares, Class K shares and Class 1 shares in accordance with a plan of distribution that is included in the Agreement and that has been duly
66


 
adopted and approved in accordance with Rule 12b-1 adopted by the SEC under the 1940 Act (the “Plan”).
 
In approving the Plan, the Directors determined that there was a reasonable likelihood that the Plan would benefit the Fund and its shareholders.  The distribution services fee of a particular class will not be used to subsidize the provision of distribution services with respect to any other class.
The Adviser may, from time to time, and from its own funds or such other resources as may be permitted by rules of the SEC make payments for distribution services to ABI; the latter may in turn pay part or all of such compensation to brokers or other persons for their distribution assistance.
The Plan will continue in effect with respect to the Fund and each class of shares thereof for successive one-year periods provided that such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by a majority of the Independent Directors who have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operation of the Plan or any agreement related thereto (the “Qualified Directors”) and by a vote of a majority of the entire Board at a meeting called for that purpose.  Most recently, the Directors approved the continuance of the Plan for an additional annual term at their meetings held on May 6-8, 2014.
All material amendments to the Plan will become effective only upon approval as provided in the preceding paragraph; and the Plan may not be amended in order to increase materially the costs that the Fund may bear pursuant to the Plan without the approval of a majority of the holders of the outstanding voting shares of the Fund or the class or classes of the Fund.  The Agreement may be terminated (a) by the Fund without penalty at any time by a majority vote of the holders of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities, voting separately by class, or by a majority vote of the Qualified Directors or (b) by ABI.  To terminate the Plan or the Agreement, any party must give the other parties 60 days’ written notice; except that the Fund may terminate the Plan without giving prior notice to ABI.  The Agreement will terminate automatically in the event of its assignment.  The Plan is of a type known as a “reimbursement plan”, which means that it reimburses the distributor for the actual costs of services rendered.
In the event that the Plan is terminated by either party or not continued with respect to the Class A, Class C, Class R, Class K or Class 1 shares, (i) no distribution services fees (other than current amounts accrued but not yet paid) would be owed by the Fund to ABI with respect to that class, and (ii) the Fund would not be obligated to pay ABI for any amounts expended under the Agreement not previously recovered by ABI from distribution services fees or through deferred sales charges in respect of shares of such class.
Distribution services fees are accrued daily and paid monthly and are charged as expenses of the Fund as accrued.  The distribution services fees attributable to the Class C, Class R, Class K and Class 1 shares are designed to permit an investor to purchase such shares through broker-dealers without the assessment of an initial sales charge, and at the same time to permit ABI to compensate broker-dealers in connection with the sale of such shares.  In this regard, the purpose and function of the combined contingent deferred sales charge (“CDSC”) and distribution services fees on the Class C shares and the distribution services fees on the Class R,
 
 
67



Class K and Class 1 shares are the same as those of the initial sales charge and distribution services fee with respect to the Class A shares in that in each case the sales charge and/or distribution services fee provide for the financing of the distribution of the relevant class of the Fund’s shares.
With respect to Class A shares of the Fund, distribution expenses accrued by ABI in one fiscal year may not be paid from distribution services fees received from the Fund in subsequent fiscal years.  ABI’s compensation with respect to Class C, Class R, Class K and
 
 
Class 1 shares under the Plan of the Fund is directly tied to the expenses incurred by ABI.  Actual distribution expenses for Class C shares, Class R shares, Class K shares and Class 1 shares for any given year, however, will probably exceed the distribution services fee payable under the Plan with respect to the class involved and, in the case of Class C shares, payments received from CDSCs.  The excess will be carried forward by ABI and reimbursed from distribution services fees subsequently payable under the Plan with respect to the class involved and, in the case of Class C shares, payments subsequently received through CDSCs, so long as the Plan is in effect.

During the fiscal year ended February 28, 2014, the distribution services fees for expenditures payable to ABI were as follows:
Share Class
   
Distribution services fees for expenditures
payable to ABI
   
Percentage per annum of the aggregate average daily net assets
attributable to shares
 
 
 
 
$
1,361
     
.30
%
 
 
 
$
954
     
1.00
%
 
1
   
$
26
     
.25
%

For the fiscal year ended February 28, 2014, expenses incurred by the Fund and costs allocated to the Fund in connection with activities primarily intended to result in the sale of certain share classes were as follows:

Category of Expense
 
Class A
   
Class C
   
Class 1
 
             
Advertising/Marketing
 
$
6
   
$
0
   
$
0
 
                         
Printing and Mailing of Prospectuses and Semi-Annual and Annual Reports to Other than Current Shareholders
 
$
1
   
$
0
   
$
0
 
 
68


 
 
 
 
Category of Expense
Class A
Class C
Class 1
 
Compensation to Underwriters 
$
1,352
$
574
$ 1
 
Compensation to Dealers 
$ 166 $ 35 $ 1
 
Compensation to Sales Personnel 
$ 109 $ 25 $ 0
 
Interest, Carrying or Other Financing Charges   $ 0 $ 0 $ 0
                         
Other (Includes Personnel costs of those home office employees involved in the distribution effort and the travel-related expenses incurred by the marketing personnel conducting seminars)
 
$
196
   
$
40
   
$
0
 
                         
Totals
 
$
1,830
   
$
674
   
$
2
 

Since the commencement of the Fund’s operations, the Distributor has incurred and carried over for reimbursement in future years in respect of the Class C and Class 1 shares of the Fund $280 and $24, respectively, representing .23% and .24% of the net assets of each class, respectively.

Transfer Agency Agreement
ABIS acts as the transfer agent for the Fund.  ABIS registers the transfer, issuance and redemption of Fund shares and disburses dividends and other distributions to Fund shareholders.
ABIS, an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of the Adviser located principally at 8000 IH 10 W, 4th Floor, San Antonio, Texas 78230, receives a transfer agency fee per account holder of each of the Class A, Class C, Class 1, Class 2 shares and Advisor Class shares of the Fund, plus reimbursement for out-of-pocket expenses.  The transfer agency fee with respect to the Class C shares is higher than the transfer agency fee with respect to the other classes of
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shares, reflecting the additional costs associated with the Class C CDSCs.  For the fiscal year ended February 28, 2014, the Fund paid ABIS $17,955, for transfer agency services.
Many Fund shares are owned by selected dealers or selected agents, as defined below, financial intermediaries or other financial representatives (“financial intermediaries”) for the benefit of their customers.  In those cases, the Fund often does not maintain an account for you.  Thus, some or all of the transfer agency functions for these accounts are performed by the financial intermediaries.  The Fund, ABI and/or the Adviser pays to these financial intermediaries, including those that sell shares of the AllianceBernstein Mutual Funds, fees for sub-transfer agency and related recordkeeping services in amounts ranging up to $19 per customer fund account per annum.  Retirement plans may also hold Fund shares in the name of the plan, rather than the participant.  Plan recordkeepers, who may have affiliated financial intermediaries who sell shares of the Fund, may be paid for each plan participant fund account in amounts up to $19 per account per annum and/or up to 0.25% per annum of the average daily assets held in the plan.  To the extent any of these payments for recordkeeping services, transfer agency services or retirement plan accounts are made by the Fund, they are included in your Prospectus in the Fund expense tables under “Fees and Expenses of the Fund”.  In addition, financial intermediaries may be affiliates of entities that receive compensation from the Adviser or ABI for maintaining retirement plan “platforms” that facilitate trading by affiliated and non-affiliated financial intermediaries and recordkeeping for retirement plans.
Because financial intermediaries and plan recordkeepers may be paid varying amounts per class for sub-transfer agency and related recordkeeping services, the service requirements of which may also vary by class, this may create an additional incentive for financial intermediaries and their financial advisors to favor one fund complex over another or one class of shares over another.
 
PURCHASE OF SHARES
 

The following information supplements that set forth in your Prospectus under the heading “Investing in the Fund”.
General
Shares of the Fund are offered on a continuous basis at a price equal to their NAV plus an initial sales charge at the time of purchase (“Class A shares”), without any initial sales charge and, as long as the shares are held for one year or more, without any CDSC (“Class C shares”), to group retirement plans, as defined below, eligible to purchase Class R shares, without any initial sales charge or CDSC (“Class R shares”), to group retirement plans eligible to purchase Class K shares, without any initial sales charge or CDSC (“Class K shares”), to group retirement plans and certain investment advisory clients of, and certain other persons associated with, the Adviser and its affiliates eligible to purchase Class I shares, without any initial sales charge or CDSC (“Class I shares”), to group retirement plans, as defined below, eligible to
 
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purchase Class Z shares, without any initial sales charge or CDSC (“Class Z shares”), to private clients (“Clients”) of Sanford C. Bernstein & Co. LLC (“Bernstein”) without any initial sales charge or CDSC (the “Class 1 shares”), to institutional clients of the Adviser and Bernstein Clients who have at least $3 million in fixed-income assets under management with Bernstein without any initial sales charge or CDSC (the “Class 2 shares”), or to investors eligible to purchase Advisor Class shares, without any initial sales charge or CDSC (“Advisor Class shares”), in each case as described below.  All of the classes of shares of the Fund, except Class I, Advisor Class, Class Z and Class 2 shares, are subject to Rule 12b-1 asset-based sales charges.  Shares of the Fund that are offered subject to a sales charge are offered through (i) investment dealers that are members of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority and have entered into selected dealer agreements with ABI (“selected dealers”), (ii) depository institutions and other financial intermediaries or their affiliates, that have entered into selected agent agreements with ABI (“selected agents”) and (iii) ABI.
Investors may purchase shares of the Fund either through financial intermediaries or directly through ABI.  A transaction, service, administrative or other similar fee may be charged by your financial intermediary with respect to the purchase, sale or exchange of shares made through the financial intermediary.  Such financial intermediaries may also impose requirements with respect to the purchase, sale or exchange of shares that are different from, or in addition to, those imposed by the Fund, including requirements as to the classes of shares available through that financial intermediary and the minimum initial and subsequent investment amounts.  The Fund is not responsible for, and has no control over, the decision of any financial intermediary to impose such differing requirements.  Sales personnel of financial intermediaries distributing the Fund’s shares may receive differing compensation for selling different classes of shares.
In order to open your account, the Fund or your financial intermediary is required to obtain certain information from you for identification purposes.  This information may include name, date of birth, permanent residential address and social security/taxpayer identification number.  It will not be possible to establish your account without this information.  If the Fund or your financial intermediary is unable to verify the information provided, your account may be closed and other appropriate action may be taken as permitted by law.
Purchase of Shares

The Fund reserves the right to suspend the sale of its shares to the public in response to conditions in the securities markets or for other reasons.  If the Fund suspends the sale of its shares, shareholders will not be able to acquire its shares, including through an exchange.
The public offering price of shares of the Fund is its NAV, plus, in the case of Class A shares, a sales charge.  On each Fund business day on which a purchase or redemption order is received by the Fund and trading in the types of securities in which the Fund invests might materially affect the value of Fund shares, the NAV per share is computed as of the Fund Closing Time, which is the close of regular trading on each day the Exchange is open (ordinarily 4:00 p.m., Eastern time, but sometimes earlier, as in the case of scheduled half-day trading or unscheduled suspensions of trading) by dividing the value of the Fund’s total assets, less its
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liabilities, by the total number of its shares then outstanding.  A Fund business day is any day on which the Exchange is open for trading.
The respective NAVs of the various classes of shares of the Fund are expected to be substantially the same.  However, the NAVs of the Class C and Class R shares will generally be slightly lower than the NAVs of the Class A, Class K, Class I, Class Z, Class 1, Class 2 and Advisor Class shares of the Fund, as a result of the differential daily expense accruals of the higher distribution and, in some cases, transfer agency fees applicable with respect to those classes of shares.
The Fund will accept unconditional orders for its shares to be executed at the public offering price equal to their NAV next determined (plus applicable Class A sales charges), as described below.  Orders received by ABIS prior to the Fund Closing Time are priced at the NAV computed as of the Fund Closing Time on that day (plus applicable Class A sales charges).  In the case of orders for purchase of shares placed through financial intermediaries, the applicable public offering price will be the NAV so determined, but only if the financial intermediary receives the order prior to the Fund Closing Time.  The financial intermediary is responsible for transmitting such orders by a prescribed time to the Fund or its transfer agent.  If the financial intermediary fails to do so, the investor will not receive that day’s NAV.  If a financial intermediary or ABIS receives an order after the Fund Closing Time, the price received by the investor will be based on the NAV determined as of the Fund Closing Time on the next business day.
The Fund may, at its sole option, accept securities as payment for shares of the Fund, including from certain affiliates of the Fund in accordance with the Fund’s procedures, if the Adviser believes that the securities are appropriate investments for the Fund.  The securities are valued by the method described under “Net Asset Value” below as of the date the Fund receives the securities and corresponding documentation necessary to transfer the securities to the Fund.  This is a taxable transaction to the shareholder.
Following the initial purchase of Fund shares, a shareholder may place orders to purchase additional shares by telephone if the shareholder has completed the appropriate portion of the Mutual Fund Application or an “Autobuy” application obtained by calling the “For Literature” telephone number shown on the cover of this SAI.  Except with respect to certain omnibus accounts, telephone purchase orders with payment by electronic funds transfer may not exceed $500,000.  Payment for shares purchased by telephone can be made only by electronic funds transfer from a bank account maintained by the shareholder at a bank that is a member of the National Automated Clearing House Association (“NACHA”).  Telephone purchase requests must be received before the Fund Closing Time, on a Fund business day to receive that day’s public offering price.  Telephone purchase requests received after the Fund Closing Time are automatically placed the following Fund business day, and the applicable public offering price will be the public offering price determined as of the Fund Closing Time on such following business day.
Full and fractional shares are credited to a shareholder’s account in the amount of his or her subscription.  As a convenience, and to avoid unnecessary expense to the Fund, the
 
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Fund will not issue stock certificates representing shares of the Fund.  Ownership of the Fund’s shares will be shown on the books of the Fund’s transfer agent.
Each class of shares in the Fund represents an interest in the same portfolio of investments of the Fund, has the same rights and is identical in all respects, except that (i) Class A shares bear the expense of the initial sales charge (or CDSC, when applicable) and Class C shares bear the expense of the CDSC, (ii) Class C and Class R shares each bear the expense of a higher distribution services fee than those borne by Class A, Class K and Class 1 shares, and Class I shares, Class Z shares, Class 2 shares and Advisor Class shares do not bear such a fee, (iii) Class C shares bear higher transfer agency costs than that borne by the other classes of shares, and (iv) each of Class A, Class C, Class R, Class K and Class 1 shares has exclusive voting rights with respect to provisions of the Plan pursuant to which its distribution services fee is paid and other matters for which separate class voting is appropriate under applicable law.  Each class has different exchange privileges and certain different shareholder service options available.
The Directors have determined that currently no conflict of interest exists between or among the classes of shares of the Fund.  On an ongoing basis, the Directors, pursuant to their fiduciary duties under the 1940 Act and state law, will seek to ensure that no such conflict arises.
Frequent Purchases and Redemptions
The Board has adopted policies and procedures designed to detect and deter frequent purchases and redemptions of Fund shares or excessive or short-term trading that may disadvantage long-term Fund shareholders.  These policies are described below.  There is no guarantee that the Fund will be able to detect excessive or short-term trading or to identify shareholders engaged in such practices, particularly with respect to transactions in omnibus accounts.  Shareholders should be aware that application of these policies may have adverse consequences, as described below, and should avoid frequent trading in Fund shares through purchases, sales and exchanges of shares. The Fund reserves the right to restrict, reject or cancel, without any prior notice, any purchase or exchange order for any reason, including any purchase or exchange order accepted by any shareholder’s financial intermediary.
Risks Associated With Excessive Or Short-Term Trading Generally. While the Fund will try to prevent market timing by utilizing the procedures described below, these procedures may not be successful in identifying or stopping excessive or short-term trading in all circumstances.  By realizing profits through short-term trading, shareholders that engage in rapid purchases and sales or exchanges of the Fund’s shares dilute the value of shares held by long-term shareholders.  Volatility resulting from excessive purchases and sales or exchanges of Fund shares, especially involving large dollar amounts, may disrupt efficient portfolio management and cause the Fund to sell shares at inopportune times to raise cash to accommodate redemptions relating to short-term trading activity.  In particular, the Fund may have difficulty implementing its long-term investment strategies if it is forced to maintain a higher level of its assets in cash to accommodate significant short-term trading activity.  In addition, the Fund may incur increased administrative and other expenses due to excessive or short-term trading, including increased brokerage costs and realization of taxable capital gains.
 
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Funds that may invest significantly in securities of foreign issuers may be particularly susceptible to short-term trading strategies.  This is because securities of foreign issuers are typically traded on markets that close well before the time the Fund ordinarily calculates its NAV at 4:00 p.m., Eastern time, which gives rise to the possibility that developments may have occurred in the interim that would affect the value of these securities.  The time zone differences among international stock markets can allow a shareholder engaging in a short-term trading strategy to exploit differences in Fund share prices that are based on closing prices of securities of foreign issuers established some time before the Fund calculates its own share price (referred to as “time zone arbitrage”).  The Fund has procedures, referred to as fair value pricing, designed to adjust closing market prices of securities of foreign issuers to reflect what is believed to be the fair value of those securities at the time the Fund calculates its NAV.  While there is no assurance, the Fund expects that the use of fair value pricing, in addition to the short-term trading policies discussed below, will significantly reduce a shareholder’s ability to engage in time zone arbitrage to the detriment of other Fund shareholders.
A shareholder engaging in a short-term trading strategy may also target a fund irrespective of its investments in securities of foreign issuers.  Any fund that invests in securities that are, among other things, thinly traded, traded infrequently or relatively illiquid has the risk that the current market price for the securities may not accurately reflect current market values.  A shareholder may seek to engage in short-term trading to take advantage of these pricing differences (referred to as “price arbitrage”).  The Fund may be adversely affected by price arbitrage trading strategies.
Policy Regarding Short-Term Trading.  Purchases and exchanges of shares of the Fund should be made for investment purposes only.  The Fund seeks to prevent patterns of excessive purchases and sales or exchanges of Fund shares to the extent they are detected by the procedures described below, subject to the Fund’s ability to monitor purchase, sale and exchange activity.  The Fund reserves the right to modify this policy, including any surveillance or account blocking procedures established from time to time to effectuate this policy, at any time without notice.
· Transaction Surveillance Procedures.  The Fund, through its agents, ABI and ABIS, maintains surveillance procedures to detect excessive or short-term trading in Fund shares. This surveillance process involves several factors, which include scrutinizing transactions in Fund shares that exceed certain monetary thresholds or numerical limits within a specified period of time. Generally, more than two exchanges of Fund shares during any 60-day period or purchases of shares followed by a sale within 60 days will be identified by these surveillance procedures. For purposes of these transaction surveillance procedures, the Fund may consider trading activity in multiple accounts under common ownership, control or influence. Trading activity identified by either, or a combination, of these factors, or as a result of any other information available at the time, will be evaluated to determine whether such activity might constitute excessive or short-term trading.  With respect to managed or discretionary accounts for which the account owner gives his/her broker, investment adviser or other third-party authority to buy and sell Fund shares, the Fund may consider trades initiated by the account owner, such as trades initiated in connection with bona fide cash management purposes, separately in their analysis.  These
 
 
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surveillance procedures may be modified from time to time, as necessary or appropriate to improve the detection of excessive or short-term trading or to address specific circumstances.
· Account Blocking Procedures.  If the Fund determines, in its sole discretion, that a particular transaction or pattern of transactions identified by the transaction surveillance procedures described above is excessive or short-term trading in nature, the Fund will take remedial action that may include issuing a warning, revoking certain account-related privileges (such as the ability to place purchase, sale and exchange orders over the internet or by phone) or prohibiting or “blocking” future purchase or exchange activity. However, sales of Fund shares back to the Fund or redemptions will continue to be permitted in accordance with the terms of the Fund’s current Prospectus. As a result, unless the shareholder redeems his or her shares, which may have consequences if the shares have declined in value, a CDSC is applicable or adverse tax consequences may result, the shareholder may be “locked” into an unsuitable investment.  A blocked account will generally remain blocked for 90 days.  Subsequent detections of excessive or short-term trading may result in an indefinite account block or an account block until the account holder or the associated broker, dealer or other financial intermediary provides evidence or assurance acceptable to the Fund that the account holder did not or will not in the future engage in excessive or short-term trading.
· Applications of Surveillance Procedures and Restrictions to Omnibus Accounts.  Omnibus account arrangements are common forms of holding shares of the Fund, particularly among certain brokers, dealers and other financial intermediaries, including sponsors of retirement plans and variable insurance products.  The Fund applies its surveillance procedures to these omnibus account arrangements.  As required by SEC rules, the Fund has entered into agreements with all of its financial intermediaries that require the financial intermediaries to provide the Fund, upon the request of the Fund or its agents, with individual account level information about their transactions. If the Fund detects excessive trading through its monitoring of omnibus accounts, including trading at the individual account level, the financial intermediaries will also execute instructions from the Fund to take actions to curtail the activity, which may include applying blocks to accounts to prohibit future purchases and exchanges of Fund shares.  For certain retirement plan accounts, the Fund may request that the retirement plan or other intermediary revoke the relevant participant’s privilege to effect transactions in Fund shares via the internet or telephone, in which case the relevant participant must submit future transaction orders via the U.S. Postal Service (i.e., regular mail).
Alternative Purchase Arrangements
Classes A and C Shares.  Class A and Class C shares have the following alternative purchase arrangements:  Class A shares are generally offered with an initial sales charge and Class C shares are sold to investors choosing the asset-based sales charge alternative.  Special purchase arrangements are available for group retirement plans.  See “Alternative Purchase Arrangements – Group Retirement Plans and Tax-Deferred Accounts” below. “Group Retirement Plans” are defined as 401(k) plans, 457 plans, employer-sponsored 403(b) plans, profit sharing and money purchase pension plans, defined benefit plans, and non-qualified
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deferred compensation plans where plan level or omnibus accounts are held on the books of the Fund.  See “Alternative Purchase Arrangements – Group Retirement Plans and Tax-Deferred Accounts” below.  These alternative purchase arrangements permit an investor to choose the method of purchasing shares that is most beneficial given the amount of the purchase, the length of time the investor expects to hold the shares, and other circumstances.  Investors should consider whether, during the anticipated life of their investment in the Fund the accumulated distribution services fee and CDSC on Class C shares would be less than the initial sales charge and accumulated distribution services fee on Class A shares purchased at the same time, and to what extent such differential would be offset by the higher return of Class A shares.  Class C shares will normally not be suitable for the investor who qualifies to purchase Class A shares at NAV.  For this reason, ABI will reject any order for more than $1,000,000 for Class C shares.
Class A shares are subject to a lower distribution services fee and, accordingly, pay correspondingly higher dividends per share than Class C shares.  However, because initial sales charges are deducted at the time of purchase, most investors purchasing Class A shares would not have all of their funds invested initially and, therefore, would initially own fewer shares.  Investors not qualifying for reduced initial sales charges who expect to maintain their investment for an extended period of time might consider purchasing Class A shares because the accumulated continuing distribution charges on Class C shares may exceed the initial sales charge on Class A shares during the life of the investment.  Again, however, such investors must weigh this consideration against the fact that, because of such initial sales charges, not all of their funds will be invested initially.
Other investors might determine, however, that it would be more advantageous to purchase Class C shares in order to have all of their funds invested initially, although remaining subject to higher continuing distribution charges and, being subject to a CDSC for a one-year period.  For example, based on current fees and expenses, an investor subject to the 4.25% initial sales charge on Class A shares would have to hold his or her investment approximately seven years for the Class C distribution services fee to exceed the initial sales charge plus the accumulated distribution services fee of Class A shares.  In this example, an investor intending to maintain his or her investment for a longer period might consider purchasing Class A shares.  This example does not take into account the time value of money, which further reduces the impact of the Class C distribution services fees on the investment, fluctuations in NAV or the effect of different performance assumptions.

Compensation Paid to Principal Underwriter
During the fiscal year or period ended February 28, 2014, February 28, 2013 and February 28, 2012, the aggregate amount of underwriting commissions payable with respect to shares of the Fund was $4,850, $2,627 and $0, respectively.  Of that amount, ABI received $298, $167 and $0, respectively, representing that portion of the sales charges paid on shares of the Fund sold during the period which was not re-allowed to selected dealers (and was, accordingly, retained by ABI).  During the fiscal years or period ended February 28, 2014, February 28, 2013 and February 28, 2012, ABI did not receive any CDSCs on Class A shares.  During the fiscal year ended February 28, 2014, ABI received $72 in CDSCs on Class C shares, and during the fiscal years end February 28, 2013 and February 28, 2012, ABI did not receive any CDSCs on Class C shares.
 
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Class A Shares.  The public offering price of Class A shares is the NAV plus a sales charge, as set forth below.

 
Sales Charge

Amount of Purchase
 
As %
of Net
Amount
Invested
   
As %
of the
Public
Offering Price
   
Discount or
Commission
to Dealers or
Agents of up to
% of Offering Price
 
             
Up to $100,000                                                                          
   
4.44
%
   
4.25
%
   
4.00
%
$100,000 up to $250,000                                                                          
   
3.36
     
3.25
     
3.00
 
$250,000 up to $500,000                                                                          
   
2.30
     
2.25
     
2.00
 
$500,000 up to $1,000,000*                                                                          
   
1.78
     
1.75
     
1.50
 
_________________
* There is no initial sales charge on transactions of $1,000,000 or more.
All or a portion of the initial sales charge may be paid to your financial representative.  With respect to purchases of $1,000,000 or more, Class A shares redeemed within one year of purchase may be subject to a CDSC of up to 1%.  The CDSC on Class A shares will be waived on certain redemptions, as described below under “— Contingent Deferred Sales Charge”.  The Fund receives the entire NAV of its Class A shares sold to investors. ABI’s commission is the sales charge shown in the Prospectus less any applicable discount or commission “re-allowed” to selected dealers and agents. ABI will re-allow discounts to selected dealers and agents in the amounts indicated in the table above. In this regard, ABI may elect to re-allow the entire sales charge to selected dealers and agents for all sales with respect to which orders are placed with ABI. A selected dealer who receives a re-allowance in excess of 90% of such a sales charge may be deemed to be an “underwriter” under the Securities Act.

No initial sales charge is imposed on Class A shares issued (i) pursuant to the automatic reinvestment of income dividends or capital gains distributions or (ii) in exchange for Class A shares of other “AllianceBernstein Mutual Funds” (as that term is defined under “Combined Purchase Privilege” below), except that an initial sales charge will be imposed on Class A shares issued in exchange for Class A shares of AllianceBernstein Exchange Reserves that were purchased for cash without the payment of an initial sales charge and without being subject to a CDSC.
Commissions may be paid to selected dealers or agents who initiate or are responsible for Class A share purchases by a single shareholder in excess of $1,000,000 that are not subject to an initial sales charge at up to the following rates: 1.00% on purchases up to $3,000,000; 0.75% on purchases over $3,000,000 to $5,000,000; and 0.50% on purchases over $5, 000, 000.  Commissions are paid based on cumulative purchases by a shareholder over the life of an account with no adjustments for redemptions, transfers or market declines.
In addition to the circumstances described above, certain types of investors may be entitled to pay no initial sales charge in certain circumstances described below.
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Class A Shares--Sales at NAV.  The Fund may sell its Class A shares at NAV (i.e., without any initial sales charge) to certain categories of investors including:
(i) investment management clients of the Adviser or its affiliates, including clients and prospective clients of the Adviser’s AllianceBernstein Institutional Investment Management Division;
(ii) officers, directors and present and full-time employees of selected dealers or agents; or the spouse or domestic partner, sibling, direct ancestor or direct descendant (collectively, “Relatives”) of any such person; or any trust, individual retirement account or retirement plan account for the benefit of any such person;
(iii) the Adviser, ABI, ABIS and their affiliates; certain employee benefit plans for employees of the Adviser, ABI, ABIS and their affiliates;
(iv) persons participating in a fee-based program, sponsored and maintained by a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary and approved by ABI, under which persons pay an asset-based fee for services in the nature of investment advisory or administrative services; or clients of broker-dealers or other financial intermediaries approved by ABI who purchase Class A shares for their own accounts through self-directed brokerage accounts with the broker-dealers or financial intermediaries that may or may not charge a transaction fee to its clients;
(v) certain retirement plan accounts as described under “Alternative Purchase Arrangements-–Group Retirement Plans and Tax-Deferred Accounts”; and
(vi) current Class A shareholders of AllianceBernstein Mutual Funds and investors who receive a “Fair Funds Distribution” (a “Distribution”) resulting from an SEC enforcement action against the Adviser and current Class A shareholders of AllianceBernstein Mutual Funds who receive a Distribution resulting from any SEC enforcement action related to trading in shares of AllianceBernstein Mutual Funds who, in each case, purchase shares of an AllianceBernstein Mutual Fund from ABI through deposit with ABI of the Distribution check.
Class C Shares.  Investors may purchase Class C shares at the public offering price equal to the NAV per share of the Class C shares on the date of purchase without the imposition of a sales charge either at the time of purchase or, as long as the shares are held for one year or more, upon redemption.  Class C shares are sold without an initial sales charge so that the Fund will receive the full amount of the investor’s purchase payment and, as long as the shares are held for one year or more, without a CDSC so that the investor will receive as proceeds upon redemption the entire NAV of his or her Class C shares.  The Class C distribution services fee enables the Fund to sell Class C shares without either an initial sales charge or CDSC, as long as the shares are held for one year or more.  Class C shares do not convert to any other class of shares of the Fund and incur higher distribution services fees and transfer agency
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costs than Class A shares and Advisor Class shares, and will thus have a higher expense ratio and pay correspondingly lower dividends than Class A shares and Advisor Class shares.
Contingent Deferred Sales Charge.  Class A share purchases of $1,000,000 or more and Class C shares that, in either case, are redeemed within one year of purchase will be subject to a CDSC of 1%, as will Class A share purchases by certain group retirement plans (see “Alternative Purchase Arrangements – Group Retirement Plans and Tax-Deferred Accounts” below).  The charge will be assessed on an amount equal to the lesser of the cost of the shares being redeemed or their NAV at the time of redemption.  Accordingly, no sales charge will be imposed on increases in NAV above the initial purchase price.  In addition, no charge will be assessed on shares derived from reinvestment of dividends or capital gains distributions.
In determining the CDSC applicable to a redemption of Class C shares, it will be assumed that the redemption is, first, of any shares that are not subject to a CDSC (for example, because the shares were acquired upon the reinvestment of dividends or distributions) and, second, of shares held longest during the time they are subject to the sales charge.  When shares acquired in an exchange are redeemed, the applicable CDSC and conversion schedules will be the schedules that applied at the time of the purchase of shares of the corresponding class of the AllianceBernstein Mutual Fund originally purchased by the shareholder.  If you redeem your shares and directly invest the proceeds in units of CollegeBoundfund, the CDSC will apply to the units of CollegeBoundfund.  The CDSC period begins with the date of your original purchase, not the date of exchange for the other Class C shares, if applicable, or purchase of CollegeBoundfund units.
Proceeds from the CDSC are paid to ABI and are used by ABI to defray the expenses of ABI related to providing distribution-related services to the Fund in connection with the sale of Fund shares, such as the payment of compensation to selected dealers and agents for selling Fund shares.  The combination of the CDSC and the distribution services fee enables the Fund to sell shares without a sales charge being deducted at the time of purchase.
The CDSC is waived on redemptions of shares (i) following the death or disability, as defined in the Code, of a shareholder, (ii) to the extent that the redemption represents a minimum required distribution from an individual retirement account or other retirement plan to a shareholder who has attained the age of 70½, (iii) that had been purchased by present or former Directors of the Funds, by the Relative of any such person, by any trust, individual retirement account or retirement plan account for the benefit of any such person or Relative, or by the estate of any such person or Relative, (iv) pursuant to, and in accordance with, a systematic withdrawal plan (see “Sales Charge Reduction Programs for Class A Shares - Systematic Withdrawal Plan” below), (v) to the extent that the redemption is necessary to meet a plan participant’s or beneficiary’s request for a distribution or loan from a group retirement plan or to accommodate a plan participant’s or beneficiary’s direction to reallocate his or her plan account among other investment alternatives available under a group retirement plan, (vi) due to the complete termination of a trust upon the death of the trustor/grantor, beneficiary or trustee but only if the trust termination is specifically provided for in the trust document, or (vii) that had been purchased with proceeds from a Distribution resulting from any SEC enforcement action related to trading in shares of AllianceBernstein Mutual Funds through deposit with ABI of the Distribution check.  The CDSC is also waived for (i) permitted exchanges of shares, (ii) holders
 
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of Class A shares who purchased $1,000,000 or more of Class A shares where the participating broker or dealer involved in the sale of such shares waived the commission it would normally receive from ABI or (iii) Class C shares sold through programs offered by financial intermediaries and approved by ABI where such programs offer only shares that are not subject to a CDSC, where the financial intermediary establishes a single omnibus account for each Fund or, in the case of a group retirement plan, a single account for each plan, and where no advance commission is paid to any financial intermediary in connection with the purchase of such shares.
Class R Shares.  Class R shares are offered to certain group retirement plans.  Class R shares are not available to retail non-retirement accounts, traditional or Roth IRAs, Coverdell Education Savings Accounts, SEPs, SAR-SEPs, SIMPLE IRAs, individual 403(b) plans and to AllianceBernstein-sponsored retirement products. Class R shares incur a .50% distribution services fee and thus have a higher expense ratio and pay correspondingly lower dividends than Class A shares.
Class K Shares.  Class K shares are available at NAV to group retirement plans.  Class K shares are not available to retail non-retirement accounts, traditional and ROTH IRAs, Coverdell Education Savings Accounts, SEPs, SAR-SEPs, SIMPLE IRAs, individual 403(b) plans and AllianceBernstein-sponsored retirement products.  Class K shares do not have an initial sales charge or CDSC but incur a .25% distribution services fee and (i) thus have a lower expense ratio than Class R shares and pay correspondingly higher dividends than Class R shares and (ii) have a higher expense ratio than Class I shares and pay correspondingly lower dividends than Class I shares.
Class I Shares.  Class I shares are available at NAV to group retirement plans and to certain investment advisory clients of, and certain other persons associated with, the Adviser and its affiliates.  Class I shares generally are not available to retail non-retirement accounts, traditional and ROTH IRAs, Coverdell Education Savings Accounts, SEPs, SAR-SEPs, SIMPLE IRAs, individual 403(b) plans and AllianceBernstein-sponsored retirement products.  Class I shares do not incur any distribution services fees and will thus have a lower expense ratio and pay correspondingly higher dividends than Class R and Class K shares.
Class Z Shares. Class Z shares are available at NAV to group retirement plans. Class Z shares are also available to certain AllianceBernstein-sponsored group retirement plans. Class Z shares generally are not available to retail non-retirement accounts, traditional and Roth IRAs, Coverdell Education Savings Accounts, SEPs, SAR-SEPs, SIMPLE IRAs and individual 403(b) plans. Class Z shares are not currently available to group retirement plans in the AllianceBernstein-sponsored programs known as the “Informed Choice” programs.
Class Z shares do not incur any distribution services fees and will thus have a lower expense ratio and pay correspondingly higher dividends than Class R and Class K shares.
Class 1 Shares.  Class 1 shares are offered only to Bernstein Clients.  Class 1 shares incur a .25% distribution services fee and thus have a lower expense ratio and pay correspondingly higher dividends than Class A and Class C shares.
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Class 2 Shares.  Class 2 shares are offered only to institutional clients of the Adviser and Bernstein Clients who meet certain minimum requirements for assets under management with Bernstein after giving effect to their investment in the Fund.  Class 2 shares do not incur any distribution services fees and will thus have a lower expense ratio and pay correspondingly higher dividends than Class A, Class C and Class 1 shares.
Advisor Class Shares.  Advisor Class shares of the Fund may be purchased and held solely (i) through accounts established under fee-based programs, sponsored and maintained by registered broker-dealers or other financial intermediaries and approved by ABI, (ii) through self-directed defined contribution employee benefit plans (e.g., 401(k) plans) that purchase shares directly without the involvement of a financial intermediary, (iii) officers and present or former Directors or other investment companies managed by the Adviser, officers, directors and present or retired full-time employees and former employees (for subsequent investment in accounts established during the course of their employment) of the Adviser, ABI, ABIS and their affiliates; or the Relatives of any such person; or any trust, individual retirement account or retirement plan account for the benefit of any such person; or (iv) by the categories of investors described in clauses (i), (iii) and (iv) under “Class A Shares - Sales at NAV”.  Generally, a fee-based program must charge an asset-based or other similar fee and must invest at least $250,000 in Advisor Class shares of the Fund in order to be approved by ABI for investment in Advisor Class shares.  A transaction fee may be charged by your financial intermediary with respect to the purchase, sale or exchange of Advisor Class shares made through such financial intermediary. Advisor Class shares do not incur any distribution services fees, and will thus have a lower expense ratio and pay correspondingly higher dividends than Class A, Class C, Class R, Class K or Class 1 shares.
Alternative Purchase Arrangements--Group Retirement Plans and Tax-Deferred Accounts
The Fund offers special distribution arrangements for group retirement plans.  However, plan sponsors, plan fiduciaries and other financial intermediaries may establish requirements as to the purchase, sale or exchange of shares of the Fund, including maximum and minimum initial investment requirements, that are different from those described in this SAI.  Group retirement plans also may not offer all classes of shares of the Fund.  In addition, the Class A CDSC may be waived for investments made through certain group retirement plans.  Therefore, plan sponsors or fiduciaries may not adhere to these share class eligibility standards as set forth in the Prospectuses and this SAI. The Fund is not responsible for, and has no control over, the decision of any plan sponsor or fiduciary to impose such differing requirements.
Class A Shares.  Class A shares are available at NAV to all AllianceBernstein-sponsored group retirement plans, regardless of size, and to the AllianceBernstein Link, AllianceBernstein Individual 401(k) and AllianceBernstein SIMPLE IRA plans with at least $250,000 in plan assets or 100 or more employees.  Effective June 30, 2005, for purposes of determining whether a SIMPLE IRA plan has at least $250,000 in plan assets, all of the SIMPLE IRAs of an employer’s employees are aggregated.  ABI measures the asset levels and number of employees in these plans once monthly.  Therefore, if a plan that is not eligible at the beginning of a month for purchases of Class A shares at NAV meets the asset level or number of employees required for such eligibility later in that month, all purchases by the plan will be subject to a sales charge until the next monthly measurement of assets and employees.  If a plan terminates the
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Fund as an investment option within one year, then all plan purchases of Class A shares will be subject to a 1%, 1-year CDSC on redemption.
Class C Shares.  Class C shares are available to AllianceBernstein Link, AllianceBernstein Individual 401(k) and AllianceBernstein SIMPLE IRA plans with less than $250,000 in plan assets and less than 100 employees.  Class C shares are also available to group retirement plans with plan assets of less than $1 million.  If an AllianceBernstein Link, AllianceBernstein Individual 401(k) or AllianceBernstein SIMPLE IRA plan holding Class C shares becomes eligible to purchase Class A shares at NAV, the plan sponsor or other appropriate fiduciary of such plan may request ABI in writing to liquidate the Class C shares and purchase Class A shares with the liquidation proceeds.  Any such liquidation and repurchase may not occur before the expiration of the 1-year period that begins on the date of the plan’s last purchase of Class C shares.
Class R Shares.  Class R shares are available to certain group retirement plans.  Class R shares are not subject to a front-end sales charge or CDSC, but are subject to a .50% distribution fee.
Class K Shares.  Class K shares are available to certain group retirement plans.  Class K shares are not subject to a front-end sales charge or CDSC, but are subject to a .25% distribution fee.
Class I Shares.  Class I shares are available to certain institutional clients of the Adviser who invest at least $2 million in the Fund.  Class I shares are not subject to a front-end sales charge, CDSC or distribution fee.
Class Z Shares.  Class Z shares are available to certain group retirement plans and certain institutional clients of the Adviser who invest at least $2 million in a Fund.  Class Z shares are not subject to front-end sales charges or CDSCs or distribution fees.
Choosing a Class of Shares for Group Retirement Plans.  Plan sponsors, plan fiduciaries and other financial intermediaries may establish requirements as to the purchase, sale or exchange of shares of the Fund, including maximum and minimum initial investment requirements, that are different from those described in this SAI.  Plan fiduciaries should consider how these requirements differ from the Fund’s share class eligibility criteria before determining whether to invest.
Currently, the Fund makes its Class A shares available at NAV to group retirement plans.  Unless waived under the circumstances described above, a 1%, 1-year CDSC applies to the sale of Class A shares by a plan.  Because Class K shares have no CDSC and lower Rule 12b-1 distribution fees and Class I shares and Class Z shares have no CDSC or Rule 12b-1 distribution fees, plans should consider purchasing Class K, Class I or Class Z shares, if eligible, rather than Class A shares.
In selecting among the Class A, Class K and Class R shares, plans purchasing shares through a financial intermediary that is not willing to waive advance commission payments (and therefore are not eligible for the waiver of the 1%, 1-year CDSC applicable to Class A shares) should weigh the following:
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· the Rule 12b-1 distribution fees (0.30%) and the 1%, 1-year CDSC with respect to Class A shares (currently limited to 0.25%);
· the higher Rule 12b-1 distribution fees (0.50%) and the absence of a CDSC with respect to Class R shares; and
· the lower Rule 12b-1 distribution fees (0.25%) and the absence of a CDSC with respect to Class K shares.
Because Class A and Class K shares have lower Rule 12b-1 distribution fees than Class R shares, plans should consider purchasing Class A or Class K shares, if eligible, rather than Class R shares.
Sales Charge Reduction Programs for Class A Shares
The AllianceBernstein Mutual Funds offer shareholders various programs through which shareholders may obtain reduced sales charges or reductions in CDSC through participation in such programs.  In order for shareholders to take advantage of the reductions available through the combined purchase privilege, rights of accumulation and letters of intent, the Fund must be notified by the shareholder or his or her financial intermediary that they qualify for such a reduction.  If the Fund is not notified that a shareholder is eligible for these reductions, the Fund will be unable to ensure that the reduction is applied to the shareholder’s account.
Combined Purchase Privilege.  Shareholders may qualify for the sales charge reductions by combining purchases of shares of the Fund (and/or any other AllianceBernstein Mutual Fund) into a single “purchase”.  By combining such purchases, shareholders may be able to take advantage of the quantity discounts described under “Alternative Purchase Arrangements – Class A Shares”.  A “purchase” means a single purchase or concurrent purchases of shares of the Fund or any other AllianceBernstein Mutual Fund, including AllianceBernstein Institutional Funds, by (i) an individual, his or her spouse or domestic partner, or the individual’s children under the age of 21 years purchasing shares for his, her or their own account(s), including certain CollegeBoundfund accounts; (ii) a trustee or other fiduciary purchasing shares for a single trust, estate or single fiduciary account with one or more beneficiaries involved; or (iii) the employee benefit plans of a single employer.  The term “purchase” also includes purchases by any “company”, as the term is defined in the 1940 Act, but does not include purchases by any such company that has not been in existence for at least six months or that has no purpose other than the purchase of shares of the Fund or shares of other registered investment companies at a discount.  The term “purchase” does not include purchases by any group of individuals whose sole organizational nexus is that the participants therein are credit card holders of a company, policy holders of an insurance company, customers of either a bank or broker-dealer or clients of an investment adviser.
Currently, the AllianceBernstein Mutual Funds include:
AllianceBernstein Blended Style Series, Inc.
-AllianceBernstein 2000 Retirement Strategy
-AllianceBernstein 2005 Retirement Strategy
 
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  -AllianceBernstein 2010 Retirement Strategy
  -AllianceBernstein 2015 Retirement Strategy
  -AllianceBernstein 2020 Retirement Strategy
  -AllianceBernstein 2025 Retirement Strategy
  -AllianceBernstein 2030 Retirement Strategy
  -AllianceBernstein 2035 Retirement Strategy
  -AllianceBernstein 2040 Retirement Strategy
  -AllianceBernstein 2045 Retirement Strategy
  -AllianceBernstein 2050 Retirement Strategy
  -AllianceBernstein 2055 Retirement Strategy
AllianceBernstein Bond Fund, Inc.
  -AllianceBernstein Bond Inflation Strategy
  -AllianceBernstein Credit Long/Short Portfolio
  -AllianceBernstein Government Reserves Portfolio
  -AllianceBernstein High Yield Portfolio
  -AllianceBernstein Intermediate Bond Portfolio
  -AllianceBernstein Limited Duration High Income Portfolio
  -AllianceBernstein Municipal Bond Inflation Strategy
  -AllianceBernstein Real Asset Strategy
  -AllianceBernstein Tax-Aware Fixed Income Portfolio
AllianceBernstein Cap Fund, Inc.
  -AllianceBernstein Concentrated Growth Fund
  -AllianceBernstein Dynamic All Market Fund
  -AllianceBernstein Emerging Markets Multi-Asset Portfolio
  -AllianceBernstein International Discovery Equity Portfolio
  -AllianceBernstein Market Neutral Strategy - Global
  -AllianceBernstein Market Neutral Strategy - U.S.
  -AllianceBernstein Select U.S. Equity Portfolio
  -AllianceBernstein Select US Long/Short Portfolio
  -AllianceBernstein Small Cap Growth Portfolio
AllianceBernstein Core Opportunities Fund, Inc.
AllianceBernstein Discovery Growth Fund, Inc.
AllianceBernstein Equity Income Fund, Inc.
AllianceBernstein Exchange Reserves
AllianceBernstein Global Bond Fund, Inc.
AllianceBernstein Global Real Estate Investment Fund, Inc.
AllianceBernstein Global Risk Allocation Fund, Inc.
AllianceBernstein Global Thematic Growth Fund, Inc.
AllianceBernstein Growth and Income Fund, Inc.
AllianceBernstein High Income Fund, Inc.
AllianceBernstein International Growth Fund, Inc.
AllianceBernstein Large Cap Growth Fund, Inc.
AllianceBernstein Municipal Income Fund, Inc.
  -California Portfolio
  -National Portfolio
 
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  -New York Portfolio
  -AllianceBernstein High Income Municipal Portfolio
AllianceBernstein Municipal Income Fund II
  -Arizona Portfolio
  -Massachusetts Portfolio
  -Michigan Portfolio
  -Minnesota Portfolio
  -New Jersey Portfolio
  -Ohio Portfolio
  -Pennsylvania Portfolio
  -Virginia Portfolio
AllianceBernstein Trust
  -AllianceBernstein Discovery Value Fund
  -AllianceBernstein Global Value Fund
  -AllianceBernstein International Value Fund
  -AllianceBernstein Value Fund
AllianceBernstein Unconstrained Bond Fund, Inc.
The AllianceBernstein Portfolios
  -AllianceBernstein Balanced Wealth Strategy
  -AllianceBernstein Conservative Wealth Strategy
  -AllianceBernstein Growth Fund
  -AllianceBernstein Tax-Managed Balanced Wealth Strategy
  -AllianceBernstein Tax-Managed Wealth Appreciation Strategy
  -AllianceBernstein Tax-Managed Conservative Wealth Strategy
  -AllianceBernstein Wealth Appreciation Strategy
Sanford C. Bernstein Fund, Inc.
  -AllianceBernstein Intermediate California Municipal Portfolio
  -AllianceBernstein Intermediate Diversified Municipal Portfolio
  -AllianceBernstein Intermediate New York Municipal Portfolio
  -AllianceBernstein International Portfolio
  -AllianceBernstein Short Duration Portfolio
  -AllianceBernstein Tax-Managed International Portfolio

Prospectuses for the AllianceBernstein Mutual Funds may be obtained without charge by contacting ABIS at the address or the “For Literature” telephone number shown on the front cover of this SAI or on the Internet at www.AllianceBernstein.com.
Cumulative Quantity Discount (Right of Accumulation). An investor’s purchase of additional Class A shares of the Fund may be combined with the value of the shareholder’s existing accounts, thereby enabling the shareholder to take advantage of the quantity discounts described under “Alternative Purchase Arrangements – Class A Shares”.  In such cases, the applicable sales charge on the newly purchased shares will be based on the total of:
(i) the investor’s current purchase;
(ii) the higher of cost or NAV (at the close of business on the previous day) of (a) all shares of the Fund held by the
 
 
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investor and (b) all shares held by the investor of any other AllianceBernstein Mutual Fund, including AllianceBernstein Institutional Funds and certain CollegeBoundfund accounts for which the investor, his or her spouse or domestic partner, or child under the age of 21 is the participant; and
(iii) the higher of cost or NAV of all shares described in paragraph (ii) owned by another shareholder eligible to combine his or her purchase with that of the investor into a single “purchase” (see above).
The initial sales charge you pay on each purchase of Class A shares will take into account your accumulated holdings in all classes of shares of AllianceBernstein Mutual Funds.  Your accumulated holdings will be calculated as (a) the value of your existing holdings as of the day prior to your additional investment or (b) the amount you invested, including reinvested dividends but excluding appreciation and less any amount of withdrawals, whichever is higher.
For example, if an investor owned shares of an AllianceBernstein Mutual Fund that were purchased for $200,000 and were worth $190,000 at their then current NAV and, subsequently, purchased Class A shares of the Fund worth an additional $100,000, the initial sales charge for the $100,000 purchase would be at the 2.25% rate applicable to a single $300,000 purchase of shares of the Fund, rather than the 3.25% rate.
Letter of Intent.  Class A investors may also obtain the quantity discounts described under “Alternative Purchase Arrangements – Class A Shares” by means of a written Letter of Intent, which expresses the investor’s intention to invest at least $100,000 in Class A shares of the Fund or any AllianceBernstein Mutual Fund within 13 months.  Each purchase of shares under a Letter of Intent will be made at the public offering price or prices applicable at the time of such purchase to a single transaction of the dollar amount indicated in the Letter of Intent.
Investors qualifying for the Combined Purchase Privilege described above may purchase shares of the AllianceBernstein Mutual Funds under a single Letter of Intent.  The AllianceBernstein Mutual Funds will use the higher of cost or current NAV of the investor’s existing investments and of those accounts with which investments are combined via Combined Purchase Privileges toward the fulfillment of the Letter of Intent.  For example, if at the time an investor signs a Letter of Intent to invest at least $100,000 in Class A shares of the Fund, the investor and the investor’s spouse or domestic partner each purchase shares of the Fund worth $20,000 (for a total of $40,000), but the current NAV of all applicable accounts is $45,000 at the time a $100,000 Letter of Intent is initiated, it will only be necessary to invest a total of $55,000 during the following 13 months in shares of the Fund or any other AllianceBernstein Mutual Fund, to qualify for the 3.25% sales charge on the total amount being invested (the sales charge applicable to an investment of $100,000).
The Letter of Intent is not a binding obligation upon the investor to purchase the full amount indicated.  The minimum initial investment under a Letter of Intent is 5% of such amount.  Shares purchased with the first 5% of such amount will be held in escrow (while remaining registered in the name of the investor) to secure payment of the higher sales charge applicable to the shares actually purchased if the full amount indicated is not purchased, and such
 
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escrowed shares will be involuntarily redeemed at their then NAV to pay the additional sales charge, if necessary.  Dividends on escrowed shares, whether paid in cash or reinvested in additional Fund shares, are not subject to escrow.  When the full amount indicated has been purchased, the escrow will be released.
Investors wishing to enter into a Letter of Intent in conjunction with their initial investment in Class A shares of the Fund can obtain a form of Letter of Intent by contacting ABIS at the address or telephone numbers shown on the cover of this SAI.
Reinstatement Privilege.  A shareholder who has redeemed any or all of his or her Class A shares may reinvest all or any portion of the proceeds from that redemption in Class A shares of any AllianceBernstein Mutual Fund at NAV without any sales charge, provided that (i) such reinvestment is made within 120 calendar days after the redemption or repurchase date.  Shares are sold to a reinvesting shareholder at the NAV next determined as described above.  A reinstatement pursuant to this privilege will not cancel the redemption or repurchase transaction; therefore, any gain or loss so realized will be recognized for federal income tax purposes except that no loss will be recognized to the extent that the proceeds are reinvested in shares of the Fund within 30 calendar days after the redemption or repurchase transaction.  Investors may exercise the reinstatement privilege by written request sent to the Fund at the address shown on the cover of this SAI.
Dividend Reinvestment Program.  Under the Fund’s Dividend Reinvestment Program, unless you specify otherwise, your dividends and distributions will be automatically reinvested in the same class of shares of the Fund without an initial sales charge or CDSC.  If you elect to receive your distributions in cash, you will only receive a check if the distribution is equal to or exceeds $25.00.  Distributions of less than $25.00 will automatically be reinvested in Fund shares.  To receive distributions of less than $25.00 in cash, you must have bank instructions associated to your account so that distributions can be delivered to you electronically via Electronic Funds Transfer using the Automated Clearing House or “ACH”.  If you elect to receive distributions by check, your distributions and all subsequent distributions may nonetheless be reinvested in additional shares of the Fund under the following circumstances:

(a) the postal service is unable to deliver your checks to your address of record and the checks are returned to the Fund’s transfer agent as undeliverable; or
(b) your checks remain uncashed for nine months.

Additional shares of the Fund will be purchased at the then current NAV.  You should contact the Fund’s transfer agent to change your distribution option.  Your request to do so must be received by the transfer agent before the record date for a distribution in order to be effective for that distribution.  No interest will accrue on amounts represented by uncashed distribution checks.
In certain circumstances where a shareholder has elected to receive dividends and/or capital gain distributions in cash but the account has been determined to be lost due to mail being returned to us by the Postal Service as undeliverable, such shareholder will automatically be placed within the Dividend Reinvestment Program for future distributions.  No interest will accrue on amounts represented by uncashed distribution checks.
 
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Dividend Direction Plan.  A shareholder who already maintains accounts in more than one AllianceBernstein Mutual Fund may direct that income dividends and/or capital gains paid by one AllianceBernstein Mutual Fund be automatically reinvested, in any amount, without the payment of any sales or service charges, in shares of the same class of the other AllianceBernstein Mutual Fund(s).  Further information can be obtained by contacting ABIS at the address or the “For Literature” telephone number shown on the cover of this SAI.  Investors wishing to establish a dividend direction plan in connection with their initial investment should complete the appropriate section of the Mutual Fund Application.  Current shareholders should contact ABIS to establish a dividend direction plan.
Systematic Withdrawal Plan
General.  Any shareholder who owns or purchases shares of the Fund having a current NAV of at least $5,000 may establish a systematic withdrawal plan under which the shareholder will periodically receive a payment in a stated amount of not less than $50 on a selected date.  The $5,000 account minimum does not apply to a shareholder owning shares through an individual retirement account or other retirement plan who has attained the age of 70½ who wishes to establish a systematic withdrawal plan to help satisfy a required minimum distribution.  For Class 1 and Class 2 shares, a systematic withdrawal plan is available only to shareholders who own book-entry shares worth $25,000 or more.  Systematic withdrawal plan participants must elect to have their dividends and distributions from the Fund automatically reinvested in additional shares of the Fund.
Shares of the Fund owned by a participant in the Fund’s systematic withdrawal plan will be redeemed as necessary to meet withdrawal payments and such payments will be subject to any taxes applicable to redemptions and, except as discussed below with respect to Class A and Class C shares, any applicable CDSC.  Shares acquired with reinvested dividends and distributions will be liquidated first to provide such withdrawal payments and thereafter other shares will be liquidated to the extent necessary, and depending upon the amount withdrawn, the investor’s principal may be depleted.  A systematic withdrawal plan may be terminated at any time by the shareholder or the Fund.
Withdrawal payments will not automatically end when a shareholder’s account reaches a certain minimum level.  Therefore, redemptions of shares under the plan may reduce or even liquidate a shareholder’s account and may subject the shareholder to the Fund’s involuntary redemption provisions.  See “Redemption and Repurchase of Shares – General”.  Purchases of additional shares concurrently with withdrawals are undesirable because of sales charges applicable when purchases are made.  While an occasional lump-sum investment may be made by a holder of Class A shares who is maintaining a systematic withdrawal plan, such investment should normally be an amount equivalent to three times the annual withdrawal or $5,000, whichever is less.
Payments under a systematic withdrawal plan may be made by check or electronically via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) network.  Investors wishing to establish a systematic withdrawal plan in conjunction with their initial investment in shares of the Fund should complete the appropriate portion of the Mutual Fund Application, while current
 
 
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Fund shareholders desiring to do so can obtain an application form by contacting ABIS at the address or the “For Literature” telephone number shown on the cover of this SAI.
CDSC Waiver for Class A Shares and Class C Shares.  Under the systematic withdrawal plan, up to 1% monthly, 2% bi-monthly or 3% quarterly of the value at the time of redemption of the Class A or Class C shares in a shareholder’s account may be redeemed free of any CDSC.
With respect to Class A and Class C shares, shares held the longest will be redeemed first and will count toward the foregoing limitations.  Redemptions in excess of those limitations will be subject to any otherwise applicable CDSC.
Payments to Financial Advisors and Their Firms
Financial intermediaries market and sell shares of the Fund.  These financial intermediaries employ financial advisors and receive compensation for selling shares of the Fund.  This compensation is paid from various sources, including any sales charge, CDSC and/or Rule 12b-1 fee that you or the Fund may pay.  Your individual financial advisor may receive some or all of the amounts paid to the financial intermediary that employs him or her.
In the case of Class A shares, all or a portion of the initial sales charge that you pay may be paid by ABI to financial intermediaries selling Class A shares.  ABI may also pay these financial intermediaries a fee of up to 1% on purchases of $1 million or more.  Additionally, up to 100% of the Rule 12b-1 fees applicable to Class A shares each year may be paid to financial intermediaries, including your financial intermediary, that sell Class A shares.
In the case of Class C shares, ABI may pay, at the time of your purchase, a commission to firms selling Class C shares in an amount equal to 1% of your investment.  Additionally, up to 100% of the Rule 12b-1 fee applicable to Class C shares each year may be paid to financial intermediaries, including your financial intermediary, that sell Class C shares.
In the case of Class R, Class K and Class 1 shares, up to 100% of the Rule 12b-1 fee applicable to Class R, Class K and Class 1 shares each year may be paid to financial intermediaries, including your financial intermediary, that sell Class R, Class K and Class 1 shares.
In the case of Advisor Class shares, your financial advisor may charge ongoing fees or transactional fees.  ABI may pay a portion of “ticket” or other transactional charges.
Your financial advisor’s firm receives compensation from the Fund, ABI and/or the Adviser in several ways from various sources, which include some or all of the following:
· upfront sales commissions;
· Rule 12b-1 fees;
· additional distribution support;
· defrayal of costs for educational seminars and training; and
 
 
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· payments related to providing sub-accounting or shareholder servicing.
Other Payments for Distribution Services and Educational Support
In addition to the commissions paid to financial intermediaries at the time of sale and the fees described under “Asset-Based Sales Charges or Distribution and/or Service (Rule 12b-1) Fees”, in your Prospectus, some or all of which may be paid to financial intermediaries (and, in turn, to your financial advisor), ABI, at its expense, currently provides additional payments to firms that sell shares of the AllianceBernstein Mutual Funds.  Although the individual components may be higher and the total amount of payments made to each qualifying firm in any given year may vary, the total amount paid to a financial intermediary in connection with the sale of shares of the AllianceBernstein Mutual Funds will generally not exceed the sum of (a) 0.25% of the current year’s fund sales by that firm and (b) 0.10% of average daily net assets attributable to that firm over the year.  These sums include payments to reimburse directly or indirectly the costs incurred by these firms and their employees in connection with educational seminars and training efforts about the AllianceBernstein Mutual Funds for the firms’ employees and/or their clients and potential clients.  The costs and expenses associated with these efforts may include travel, lodging, entertainment and meals.
For 2014, ABI’s additional payments to these firms for distribution services and educational support related to the AllianceBernstein Mutual Funds are expected to be approximately 0.05% of the average monthly assets of the AllianceBernstein Mutual Funds, or approximately $22 million.  In 2013, ABI paid approximately 0.05% of the average monthly assets of the AllianceBernstein Mutual Funds or approximately $21 million for distribution services and education support related to the AllianceBernstein Mutual Funds.
A number of factors are considered in determining the additional payments, including each firm’s AllianceBernstein Mutual Fund sales, assets and redemption rates, and the willingness and ability of the firm to give ABI access to its financial advisors for educational and marketing purposes.  In some cases, firms will include the AllianceBernstein Mutual Funds on a “preferred list”. ABI’s goal is to make the financial advisors who interact with current and prospective investors and shareholders more knowledgeable about the AllianceBernstein Mutual Funds so that they can provide suitable information and advice about the funds and related investor services.
The Fund and ABI also make payments for sub-accounting or shareholder servicing to financial intermediaries that sell AllianceBernstein Mutual Fund shares.  Please see “Expenses of the Fund – Transfer Agency Agreement” above.  To the extent that these expenses are paid by the Fund, they are included in “Other Expenses” under “Fees and Expenses of the Fund - Annual Fund Operating Expenses” in your Prospectus.
If one mutual fund sponsor makes greater distribution assistance payments than another, your financial advisor and his or her firm may have an incentive to recommend one fund complex over another.  Similarly, if your financial advisor or his or her firm receives more distribution assistance for one share class versus another, then they may have an incentive to recommend that class.
 
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Please speak with your financial advisor to learn more about the total amounts paid to your financial advisor and his or her firm by the Fund, the Adviser, ABI and by sponsors of other mutual funds he or she may recommend to you.  You should also consult disclosures made by your financial advisor at the time of purchase.
ABI anticipates that the firms that will receive additional payments for distribution services and/or educational support include:
Advisor Group, Inc.
Ameriprise Financial Services
AXA Advisors
Cadaret, Grant & Co.
CCO Investment Services Corp.
Commonwealth Financial Network
Donegal Securities
Financial Network Investment Company
JP Morgan Securities
LPL Financial
Merrill Lynch
Morgan Stanley
Northwestern Mutual Investment Services
Raymond James
RBC Wealth Management
Robert W. Baird
Santander Securities
UBS Financial Services
Wells Fargo Advisors

ABI expects that additional firms may be added to this list from time to time.
Although the Fund may use brokers and dealers who sell shares of the Fund to effect portfolio transactions, the Fund does not consider the sale of AllianceBernstein Mutual Fund shares as a factor when selecting brokers or dealers to effect portfolio transactions.


 
REDEMPTION AND REPURCHASE OF SHARES
 

The following information supplements that set forth in your Prospectus under the heading “Investing in the Fund”.  If you are an Advisor Class shareholder through an account established under a fee-based program your fee-based program may impose requirements with respect to the purchase, sale or exchange of Advisor Class shares
 
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shares of the Fund that are different from those described herein.  Similarly, if you are a shareholder through a group retirement plan, your plan may impose requirements with respect to the purchase, sale or exchange of shares of the Fund that are different from those described herein.  A transaction fee may be charged by your financial intermediary with respect to the purchase, sale or exchange of Advisor Class shares made through such financial intermediary.  The Fund has authorized one or more brokers to receive on its behalf purchase and redemption orders. Such brokers are authorized to designate other intermediaries to receive purchase and redemption orders on the Fund’s behalf.  In such cases, orders will receive the NAV next computed after such order is properly received by the authorized broker or designee and accepted by the Fund.
Redemption
Subject only to the limitations described below, the Charter of the Company requires that the Fund redeem the shares tendered to it, as described below, at a redemption price equal to their NAV as next computed following the receipt of shares tendered for redemption in proper form.  Except for any CDSC which may be applicable to Class A or Class C shares, there is no redemption charge.  Payment of the redemption price normally will be made within seven days after the Fund’s receipt of such tender for redemption.  If a shareholder is in doubt about what documents are required by his or her fee-based program or employee benefit plan, the shareholder should contact his or her financial intermediary.
The right of redemption may not be suspended or the date of payment upon redemption postponed for more than seven days after shares are tendered for redemption, except for any period during which the Exchange is closed (other than customary weekend and holiday closings) or during which the SEC determines that trading thereon is restricted, or for any period during which an emergency (as determined by the SEC) exists as a result of which disposal by the Fund of securities owned by it is not reasonably practicable or as a result of which it is not reasonably practicable for the Fund fairly to determine the value of its net assets, or for such other periods as the SEC may by order permit for the protection of security holders of the Fund.
Payment of the redemption price normally will be made in cash but may be made, at the option of the Fund, in kind.  No interest will accrue on uncashed redemption checks.  The value of a shareholder’s shares on redemption or repurchase may be more or less than the cost of such shares to the shareholder, depending upon the market value of the Fund’s portfolio securities at the time of such redemption or repurchase. Redemption proceeds on Class A and Class C shares will reflect the deduction of the CDSC, if any.  Payment received by a shareholder upon redemption or repurchase of his or her shares, assuming the shares constitute capital assets in his or her hands, will result in long-term or short-term capital gain (or loss) depending upon the shareholder’s holding period and basis in respect of the shares redeemed.
To redeem shares of the Fund by mail, the registered owner or owners should forward a letter to the Fund containing a request for redemption.  The Fund may require the signature or signatures on the letter to be Medallion Signature Guaranteed.  Please contact ABIS to confirm whether a Medallion Signature Guarantee is needed.
Telephone Redemption – Payment by Electronic Funds Transfer. Each Fund shareholder is entitled to request redemption with payment by electronic funds transfer by telephone at (800) 221-5672 if the shareholder has completed the appropriate portion of the Mutual Fund Application or, if an existing shareholder has not completed this portion, by an “Autosell” application obtained from ABIS (except for certain omnibus accounts).  A telephone redemption request for payment by electronic funds transfer may not exceed $100,000, and must
 
 
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be made before the Fund Closing Time, on a Fund business day as defined above.  Proceeds of telephone redemptions will be sent by electronic funds transfer to a shareholder’s designated bank account at a bank selected by the shareholder that is a member of the NACHA.
Telephone Redemption – Payment by Check.  Each Fund shareholder is eligible to request redemption with payment by check of Fund shares by telephone at (800) 221-5672 before the Fund Closing Time, on a Fund business day in an amount not exceeding $100,000.  Proceeds of such redemptions are remitted by check to the shareholder’s address of record.  A shareholder otherwise eligible for telephone redemption by check may cancel the privilege by written instruction to ABIS, or by checking the appropriate box on the Mutual Fund Application.
Telephone Redemptions – General.  During periods of drastic economic, market or other developments, such as the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, it is possible that shareholders would have difficulty in reaching ABIS by telephone (although no such difficulty was apparent at any time in connection with the attacks).  If a shareholder were to experience such difficulty, the shareholder should issue written instructions to ABIS at the address shown on the cover of this SAI.  The Fund reserves the right to suspend or terminate its telephone redemption service at any time without notice.  Telephone redemption is not available with respect to shares (i) held in nominee or “street name” accounts, (ii) held by a shareholder who has changed his or her address of record within the preceding 30 calendar days or (iii) held in any retirement plan account.  Neither the Fund, the Adviser, ABI nor ABIS will be responsible for the authenticity of telephone requests for redemptions that the Fund reasonably believes to be genuine.  The Fund will employ reasonable procedures in order to verify that telephone requests for redemptions are genuine, including, among others, recording such telephone instructions and causing written confirmations of the resulting transactions to be sent to shareholders.  If the Fund did not employ such procedures, it could be liable for losses arising from unauthorized or fraudulent telephone instructions.  Financial intermediaries may charge a commission for handling telephone requests for redemptions.
The Fund may redeem shares through ABI or financial intermediaries.  The redemption price will be the NAV next determined after ABI receives the request (less the CDSC, if any, with respect to the Class A and Class C shares), except that requests placed through financial intermediaries before the Fund Closing Time will be executed at the NAV determined as of the Fund Closing Time on that day if received by ABI prior to its close of business on that day (normally 5:00 p.m., Eastern time).  The financial intermediary is responsible for transmitting the request to ABI by 5:00 p.m., Eastern Time, (certain financial intermediaries may enter into operating agreements permitting them to transmit purchase and redemption information that was received prior to the close of business to ABI after 5:00 p.m., Eastern time, and receive that day’s NAV).  If the financial intermediary fails to do so, the shareholder’s right to receive that day’s closing price must be settled between the shareholder and that financial intermediary.  A shareholder may offer shares of the Fund to ABI either directly or through a financial intermediary.  Neither the Fund nor ABI charges a fee or commission in connection with the redemption of shares (except for the CDSC, if any, with respect to Class A and Class C shares).  Normally, if shares of the Fund are offered through a financial intermediary, the redemption is settled by the shareholder as an ordinary transaction with or through that financial intermediary, who may charge the shareholder for this service.  The redemption of shares of the Fund as described above with respect to financial intermediaries
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is a voluntary service of the Fund and the Fund may suspend or terminate this practice at any time.
Automatic Sale
Class 1 Shares.  Under certain circumstances, Bernstein may redeem your Class 1 shares of the Fund without your consent.  Maintaining small shareholder accounts is costly.  Accordingly, if you make a sale that reduces the value of your account to less than $1,000, Bernstein may, on at least 60 days’ prior written notice, sell your remaining Class 1 shares in the Fund and close your account.  Bernstein will not close your account if you increase your account balance to $1,000 during the 60-day notice period.
Class 2 Shares.  Under certain circumstances, Bernstein may redeem your Class 2 shares of the Fund without your consent.  Maintaining small shareholder accounts is costly.  Accordingly, if you make a sale that reduces the value of your account to less than $250,000, Bernstein may, on at least 60 days’ prior written notice, sell your remaining Class 2 shares in the Fund and close your account.  Bernstein will not close your account if you increase your account balance to $250,000 during the 60 day notice period.
Account Closure
The Fund reserves the right to close out an account that has remained below $1,000 for 90 days, except for Class 1 and Class 2 shares as described below. No CDSC will be deducted from the proceeds of this redemption.  In the case of a redemption or repurchase of shares of the Fund recently purchased by check, redemption proceeds will not be made available until the Fund is reasonably assured that the check has cleared, normally up to 15 calendar days following the purchase date.

 
SHAREHOLDER SERVICES
 

The following information supplements that set forth in your Prospectus under the heading “Investing in the Fund”.  The shareholder services set forth below are applicable to all classes of shares unless otherwise indicated.  If you are an Advisor Class shareholder through an account established under a fee-based program or a shareholder in a group retirement plan, your fee-based program or retirement plan may impose requirements with respect to the purchase, sale or exchange of shares of the Fund that are different from those described herein.
Automatic Investment Program
Investors may purchase shares of the Fund through an automatic investment program utilizing electronic funds transfer drawn on the investor’s own bank account.  Under such a program, pre-authorized monthly drafts for a fixed amount are used to purchase shares through the financial intermediary designated by the investor at the public offering price next determined after ABI receives the proceeds from the investor’s bank.  The monthly drafts must be in minimum amounts of either $50 or $200, depending on the investor’s initial purchase.  If
 
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an investor makes an initial purchase of at least $2,500, the minimum monthly amount for pre-authorized drafts is $50.  If an investor makes an initial purchase of less than $2,500, the minimum monthly amount for pre-authorized drafts is $200 and the investor must commit to a monthly investment of at least $200 until the investor’s account balance is $2,500 or more.  In electronic form, drafts can be made on or about a date each month selected by the shareholder.  Investors wishing to establish an automatic investment program in connection with their initial investment should complete the appropriate portion of the Mutual Fund Application.  Current shareholders should contact ABIS at the address or telephone numbers shown on the cover of this SAI to establish an automatic investment program.
Exchange Privilege
You may exchange your investment in the Fund for shares of the same class of other AllianceBernstein Mutual Funds (including AllianceBernstein Exchange Reserves, a money market fund managed by the Adviser) if the other AllianceBernstein Mutual Fund in which you wish to invest offers shares of the same class.  In addition, (i) present officers and full-time employees of the Adviser, (ii) present directors or trustees of any AllianceBernstein Mutual Fund, (iii) certain employee benefit plans for employees of the Adviser, ABI, ABIS and their affiliates and (iv) persons participating in a fee-based program, sponsored and maintained by a registered broker-dealer or other financial intermediary and approved by ABI, under which such persons pay an asset-based fee for a service in the nature of investment advisory or administrative service may, on a tax-free basis, exchange Class A or Class C shares of the Fund for Advisor Class shares of the Fund.  Exchanges of shares are made at the NAV next determined and without sales or service charges. Exchanges may be made by telephone or written request.  In order to receive a day’s NAV, ABIS must receive and confirm a telephone exchange request by the Fund Closing Time, on that day.
Shares will continue to age without regard to exchanges for purpose of determining the CDSC, if any, upon redemption.  When redemption occurs, the CDSC applicable to the shares of the AllianceBernstein Mutual Fund you originally purchased for cash is applied.
Please read carefully the prospectus of the AllianceBernstein Mutual Fund into which you are exchanging before submitting the request.  Call ABIS at (800) 221-5672 to exchange shares.  Except with respect to exchanges of Class A or Class C shares of the Fund for Advisor Class shares of the Fund, exchanges of shares as described above in this section are taxable transactions for federal income tax purposes.  The exchange service may be modified, restricted or terminated on 60 days’ written notice.
All exchanges are subject to the minimum investment requirements and any other applicable terms set forth in the prospectus for the AllianceBernstein Mutual Fund whose shares are being acquired.  An exchange is effected through the redemption of the shares tendered for exchange and the purchase of shares being acquired at their respective NAVs as next determined following receipt by the AllianceBernstein Mutual Fund whose shares are being exchanged of (i) proper instructions and all necessary supporting documents as described in such fund’s prospectus, or (ii) a telephone request for such exchange in accordance with the procedures set
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forth in the following paragraph.  Exchanges of shares of AllianceBernstein Mutual Funds will generally result in the realization of a capital gain or loss for federal income tax purposes.
Each Fund shareholder and the shareholder’s financial intermediary are authorized to make telephone requests for exchanges unless ABIS receives written instruction to the contrary from the shareholder, or the shareholder declines the privilege by checking the appropriate box on the Mutual Fund Application.  Shares acquired pursuant to a telephone request for exchange will be held under the same account registration as the shares redeemed through such exchange.
Eligible shareholders desiring to make an exchange should telephone ABIS with their account number and other details of the exchange, at (800) 221-5672 before the Fund Closing Time, on a Fund business day as defined above.  Telephone requests for exchange received before the Fund Closing Time, on a Fund business day will be processed as of the close of business on that day.  During periods of drastic economic, market or other developments, such as the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, it is possible that shareholders would have difficulty in reaching ABIS by telephone (although no such difficulty was apparent at any time in connection with the attacks).  If a shareholder were to experience such difficulty, the shareholder should issue written instructions to ABIS at the address shown on the cover of this SAI.
A shareholder may elect to initiate a monthly “Auto Exchange” whereby a specified dollar amount’s worth of his or her Fund shares (minimum $25) is automatically exchanged for shares of another AllianceBernstein Mutual Fund.
None of the AllianceBernstein Mutual Funds, the Adviser, ABI or ABIS will be responsible for the authenticity of telephone requests for exchanges that the Fund reasonably believes to be genuine.  The Fund will employ reasonable procedures in order to verify that telephone requests for exchanges are genuine, including, among others, recording such telephone instructions and causing written confirmations of the resulting transactions to be sent to shareholders.  If the Fund did not employ such procedures, it could be liable for losses arising from unauthorized or fraudulent telephone instructions.  Financial intermediaries may charge a commission for handling telephone requests for exchanges.
The exchange privilege is available only in states where shares of the AllianceBernstein Mutual Fund being acquired may be legally sold.  Each AllianceBernstein Mutual Fund reserves the right, at any time on 60 days’ notice to its shareholders to reject any order to acquire its shares through exchange or otherwise, to modify, restrict or terminate the exchange privilege.
Statements and Reports
Each shareholder of the Fund receives semi-annual and annual reports which include a portfolio of investments, financial statements and, in the case of the annual report, the report of the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm, Ernst & Young LLP, as well as a confirmation of each purchase and redemption.  By contacting his or her financial intermediary or ABIS, a shareholder can arrange for copies of his or her account statements to be sent to another person.
 
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NET ASSET VALUE
 

The NAV of the Fund is computed each day the Exchange is open at the close of regular trading (ordinarily 4:00 p.m., Eastern time, but sometimes earlier, as in the case of scheduled half-day trading or unscheduled suspensions of trading) following receipt of a purchase or redemption order by the Fund on each Fund business day on which such an order is received and on such other days as the Board deems appropriate or necessary in order to comply with Rule 22c-1 under the 1940 Act.  The Fund’s NAV is calculated by dividing the value of the Fund’s total assets, less its liabilities, by the total number of its shares then outstanding.  A business day is any weekday on which the Exchange is open for trading.
Portfolio securities are valued at current market value or at fair value as determined in accordance with applicable rules under the 1940 Act and the Fund’s pricing policies and procedures (the “Pricing Policies”) established by and under the general supervision of the Board.  The Board has delegated to the Adviser, subject to the Board’s continuing oversight, certain of its duties with respect to the Pricing Policies.  The Adviser has established a Valuation Committee, which operates under policies and procedures approved by the Board, to value the Fund’s assets on behalf of the Fund.
Whenever possible, securities are valued based on market information on the business day as of which the value is being determined as follows:
(a)            an equity security listed on the Exchange, or on another national or foreign exchange (other than securities listed on the NASDAQ Stock Exchange (“NASDAQ”)), is valued at the last sale price reflected on the consolidated tape at the close of the exchange.  If there has been no sale on the relevant business day, the security is valued at the last traded price from the previous day.  On the following day, the security is valued in good faith at fair value by, or in accordance with procedures approved by, the Board;
(b)            an equity security traded on NASDAQ is valued at the NASDAQ Official Closing Price. An OTC equity security is valued at the mid level between the current bid and asked prices.  If the mid price is not available, the security will be valued at the bid price.  An equity security traded on more than one exchange is valued in accordance with paragraph (a) above by reference to the principal exchange (as determined by the Adviser) on which the security is traded;
(c)            a listed or OTC put or call option is valued at the mid level between the current bid and asked prices (for options or futures contracts, see item (e)).  If neither a current bid or current ask price is available, the Adviser will have discretion to determine the best valuation (e.g., last trade price) and then bring the issue to the  Valuation Committee the next day;
(d)            an open futures contract and any option thereon is valued at the closing settlement price or, in the absence of such a price, the most recent quoted bid price.  If there are
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no quotations available for the relevant business day, the security is valued at the last available closing settlement price;
(e)            a listed right is valued at the last traded price provided by approved vendors.  If there has been no sale on the relevant business day, the right is valued at the last traded price from the previous day.  On the following day, the security is valued in good faith at fair value.  For an unlisted right, the calculation used in determining a value is the price of the reference security minus the subscription price multiplied by the terms of the right.  There may be some instances when the subscription price is greater than the referenced security right.  In such instances, the right would be valued as worthless;
(f)            a listed warrant is valued at the last traded price provided by approved vendors.  If there is no sale on the relevant business day, the warrant is valued at the last traded price from the previous day.  On the following day, the security is valued in good faith at fair value.  All unlisted warrants are valued in good faith at fair value.  Once a warrant has expired, it will no longer be valued;
(g)            preferred securities are valued based on prices received from approved vendors that use last trade data for listed preferreds and evaluated bid prices for non-listed preferreds, as well as for listed preferreds when there is no trade activity;

(h)            U.S. Government securities and any other debt instrument having 60 days or less remaining until maturity are generally valued at amortized cost if their original maturity was 60 days or less.  If the original term to maturity exceeded 60 days, the securities are valued by an independent pricing vendor, if a market price is available.  If a market price is not available, the securities are valued by using amortized cost as of the 61st day prior to maturity if the original term to maturity exceeded 60 days.  The Adviser is responsible for monitoring whether any circumstances have occurred that indicate that the use of amortized cost method for any security is not appropriate due to such factors as, but not limited to, an impairment of the creditworthiness of the issuer or material changes in interest rates;
(i)            a fixed-income security is typically valued on the basis of bid prices provided by an approved pricing vendor when the Adviser reasonably believes that such prices reflect the fair market value of the security.  In certain markets, the market convention may be to use the mid price between bid and offer. Fixed-income securities may be valued on the basis of mid prices when the approved pricing vendor normally provides mid prices, reflecting the convention of the particular markets.  The prices provided by an approved pricing vendor may take into account many factors, including institutional size trading in similar groups of securities and any developments related to specific securities.  If the Adviser determines that an appropriate pricing vendor does not exist for a security in a market that typically values such securities on the basis of a bid price or prices for a security are not available from a pricing source, the security is valued on the basis of a quoted bid price or spread over the applicable yield curve (a bid spread) by a broker/dealer in such security.  If the Adviser receives multiple broker quotes that are deemed to be reliable, then the Adviser will utilize the second highest broker quote.  The second highest price will be utilized whenever two or more quoted bid prices are obtained.  If an appropriate pricing vendor does not exist for a security in a market where
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convention is to use the mid price, the security is valued on the basis of a quoted mid price by a broker-dealer in such security;
(j)            bank loans are valued on the basis of bid prices provided by a pricing vendor;
(k)            bridge loans are valued at fair value, which equates to the outstanding loan amount unless it is determined by the Valuation Committee that any particular bridge loan should be valued at something other than outstanding loan amount. This may occur, due to, for example, a significant change in the high-yield market and/or a significant change in the status of any particular issuer or issuers of bridge loans;

(l)            whole loans:  residential and commercial mortgage whole loans and whole loan pools are market priced by an approved vendor;

(m)            forward and spot currency pricing is provided by an independent pricing vendor. The rate provided by the approved vendor is a mid price for forward and spot rates.  In most instances whenever both an “onshore” rate and an “offshore” (i.e., non deliverable forward (“NDF”)) rate is available, the Adviser will use the offshore (NDF) rate.  NDF contracts are used for currencies where it is difficult (and sometimes impossible) to take actual delivery of the currency;
(n)            swap pricing:  Various approved external vendors are used to obtain pricing information and analysis. This information is placed into various pricing models (depending on the type of derivative) to devise a price for each investment.  These pricing models are monitored/reviewed on an ongoing basis by the Adviser;
(o)            interest rate caps, floors and swaptions are valued at the present value of the agreements, which is provided by approved vendors; and
(p)            open-end mutual funds are valued at the closing NAV per share and closed-end funds and exchange-traded funds are valued at the closing market price per share.
The Fund values its securities at their current market value determined on the basis of market quotations as set forth above or, if market quotations are not readily available or are unreliable, at “fair value” as determined in accordance with procedures established by and under the general supervision of the Board.  When the Fund uses fair value pricing, it may take into account any factors it deems appropriate.  The Fund may determine fair value based upon developments related to a specific security, current valuations of foreign stock indices (as reflected in U.S. futures markets) and/or U.S. sector or broader stock market indices.  The prices of securities used by the Fund to calculate its NAV may differ from quoted or published prices for the same securities.  Fair value pricing involves subjective judgments and it is possible that the fair value determined for a security is materially different than the value that could be realized upon the sale of that security.
The Fund expects to use fair value pricing for securities primarily traded on U.S. exchanges only under very limited circumstances, such as the early closing of the exchange on
 
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which a security is traded or suspension of trading in the security.  The Fund may use fair value pricing more frequently for securities primarily traded in non-U.S. markets because, among other things, most foreign markets close well before the Fund ordinarily values its securities at 4:00 p.m., Eastern time.  The earlier close of these foreign markets gives rise to the possibility that significant events, including broad market moves, may have occurred in the interim.  The Fund believes that foreign security values may be affected by events that occur after the close of foreign securities markets.  To account for this, the Fund may frequently value many of its foreign equity securities using fair value prices based on third party vendor modeling tools to the extent available.
Subject to their oversight, the Directors have delegated responsibility for valuing the Fund’s assets to the Adviser.  The Adviser has established a Valuation Committee, which operates under the policies and procedures approved by the Directors, to oversee the valuation of  the Fund’s assets and the daily calculation of the Fund’s NAV.  Fund assets are valued based on the methodologies described above.
The Board may suspend the determination of the Fund’s NAV(and the offering and sales of shares), subject to the rules of the SEC and other governmental rules and regulations, at a time when: (1) the Exchange is closed, other than customary weekend and holiday closings, (2) an emergency exists as a result of which it is not reasonably practicable for the Fund to dispose of securities owned by it or to determine fairly the value of its net assets, or (3) for the protection of shareholders, the SEC by order permits a suspension of the right of redemption or a postponement of the date of payment on redemption.
For purposes of determining the Fund’s NAV per share, all assets and liabilities initially expressed in a foreign currency will be converted into U.S. Dollars at the mean of the current bid and asked prices of such currency against the U.S. Dollar last quoted by a major bank that is a regular participant in the relevant foreign exchange market or on the basis of a pricing service that takes into account the quotes provided by a number of such major banks.  If such quotations are not available as of the close of the Exchange, the rate of exchange will be determined in good faith by, or under the direction of, the Board.
The assets attributable to each class of shares are invested together in a single portfolio for the Fund.  The NAV of each class will be determined separately by subtracting the liabilities allocated to that class from the assets belonging to that class in conformance with the provisions of a plan adopted by the Fund in accordance with Rule 18f-3 under the 1940 Act.
 
DIVIDENDS, DISTRIBUTIONS AND TAXES
 

Dividends paid by the Fund, if any, with respect to Class A, Class C, Class R, Class K, Class I, Class Z and Advisor Class shares will be calculated in the same manner at the same time on the same day and will be in the same amount, except that the distribution services fee applicable to a class of shares (if any), and the transfer agency costs relating to a class of shares, will be borne exclusively by the class to which they relate.
 
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The following summary addresses only the principal U.S. federal income tax considerations pertinent to the Fund and to shareholders of the Fund.  This summary does not address the U.S. federal income tax consequences of owning shares to all categories of investors, some of which may be subject to special rules.  This summary is based upon the advice of counsel for the Fund and upon current law and interpretations thereof.  No confirmation has been obtained from the relevant tax authorities.  There is no assurance that the applicable laws and interpretations will not change.
In view of the individual nature of tax consequences, each shareholder is advised to consult the shareholder’s own tax adviser with respect to the specific tax consequences of being a shareholder of the Fund, including the effect and applicability of federal, state, local, foreign and other tax laws and the effects of changes therein.
United States Federal Income Taxation of Dividends and Distributions
General
The Fund intends for each taxable year to qualify to be taxed as a “regulated investment company” under the Code.  To so qualify, the Fund must, among other things, (i) derive at least 90% of its gross income in each taxable year from dividends, interest, payments with respect to securities loans, gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities or foreign currency, certain other income (including, but not limited to, gains from options, futures or forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in stock, securities or currency or net income derived from interests in certain qualified publicly traded partnerships; and (ii) diversify its holdings so that, at the end of each quarter of its taxable year, the following two conditions are met: (a) at least 50% of the value of the Fund’s assets is represented by cash, cash items, U.S. Government securities, securities of other regulated investment companies and other securities with respect to which the Fund’s investment is limited, in respect of any one issuer, to an amount not greater than 5% of the value of the Fund’s assets and to not more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer and (b) not more than 25% of the value of the Fund’s assets is invested in securities of any one issuer (other than U.S. Government securities or securities of other regulated investment companies), securities (other than securities of other regulated investment companies) of any two or more issuers which the Fund controls and which are engaged in the same or similar trades or businesses or related trades or businesses, or securities of one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships.
If the Fund qualifies as a regulated investment company for any taxable year and makes timely distributions to its shareholders of 90% or more of its investment company taxable income for that year (calculated without regard to its net capital gain, i.e., the excess of its net long-term capital gain over its net short-term capital loss) it will not be subject to federal income tax on the portion of its taxable income for the year (including any net capital gain) that it distributes to shareholders.
The Fund will also avoid the 4% federal excise tax that would otherwise apply to certain undistributed income for a given calendar year if it makes timely distributions to the shareholders equal to at least the sum of (i) 98% of its ordinary income for that year, (ii) 98.2% of its capital gain net income for the twelve-month period ending on October 31 that year or, if
 
 
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later during the calendar year, the last day of the Fund’s taxable year (i.e., November 30 or December 31) if the Fund so elects, and (iii) any ordinary income or capital gain net income from the preceding calendar year that was not distributed during that year.  Special rules apply to foreign currency gains and certain income derived from passive foreign investment companies for which the Fund has made a “mark-to-market” election.  For this purpose, income or gain retained by the Fund that is subject to corporate income tax will be considered to have been distributed by the Fund during such year.  For federal income and excise tax purposes, dividends declared and payable to shareholders of record as of a date in October, November or December of a given year but actually paid during the immediately following January will be treated as if paid by the Fund on December 31 of such earlier calendar year, and will be taxable to these shareholders in the year declared, and not in the year in which the shareholders actually receive the dividend.
The information set forth in the Prospectus and the following discussion relate solely to the significant U.S. federal income taxes on dividends and distributions by the Fund and assume that the Fund qualifies to be taxed as a regulated investment company.  An investor should consult his or her own tax advisor with respect to the specific tax consequences of being a shareholder in the Fund, including the effect and applicability of federal, state, local and foreign tax laws to his or her own particular situation and the possible effects of changes therein.
Dividends and Distributions
The Fund intends to make timely distributions of the Fund’s taxable income (including any net capital gain) so that the Fund will not be subject to federal income and excise taxes.  Income dividends generally are distributed semiannually; capital gains distributions generally occur annually in December. Dividends of the Fund’s net ordinary income and distributions of any net realized short-term capital gain are taxable to shareholders as ordinary income.  The investment objective of the Fund is such that only a small portion, if any, of the Fund’s distributions is expected to qualify for the dividends-received deduction for corporate shareholders.
Some or all of the distributions from the Fund may be treated as “qualified dividend income”, taxable to individuals, trusts and estates at the reduced tax rates applicable to long-term capital gains.  A distribution from the Fund will be treated as qualified dividend income to the extent that it is comprised of dividend income received by the Fund from taxable domestic corporations and certain qualified foreign corporations, and provided that the Fund meets certain holding period and other requirements with respect to the security paying the dividend.  In addition, the shareholder must meet certain holding period requirements with respect to the shares of the Fund in order to take advantage of this preferential tax rate.  To the extent distributions from the Fund are attributable to other sources, such as taxable interest or short-term capital gains, dividends paid by the Fund will not be eligible for the lower rates.  The Fund will notify shareholders as to how much of the Fund’s distributions, if any, would qualify for the reduced tax rate, assuming that the shareholder also satisfies the holding period requirements.
Distributions of net capital gain are taxable as long-term capital gain, regardless of how long a shareholder has held shares in the Fund.  Any dividend or distribution received by
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a shareholder on shares of the Fund will have the effect of reducing the NAV of such shares by the amount of such dividend or distribution.  Furthermore, a dividend or distribution made shortly after the purchase of such shares by a shareholder, although in effect a return of capital to that particular shareholder, would be taxable to him or her as described above.  Dividends are taxable in the manner discussed regardless of whether they are paid to the shareholder in cash or are reinvested in additional shares of the Fund.
After the end of the calendar year, the Fund will notify shareholders of the federal income tax status of any distributions made by the Fund to shareholders during such year.
Sales and Redemptions.  Any gain or loss arising from a sale or redemption of Fund shares generally will be capital gain or loss if the Fund shares are held as a capital asset, and will be long-term capital gain or loss if the shareholder has held such shares for more than one year at the time of the sale or redemption; otherwise it will be short-term capital gain or loss.  If a shareholder has held shares in the Fund for six months or less and during that period has received a distribution of net capital gain, any loss recognized by the shareholder on the sale of those shares during the six-month period will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of the distribution.  In determining the holding period of such shares for this purpose, any period during which a shareholder’s risk of loss is offset by means of options, short sales or similar transactions is not counted.
Any loss realized by a shareholder on a sale or exchange of shares of the Fund will be disallowed to the extent the shares disposed of are reacquired within a period of 61 days beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the shares are sold or exchanged.  For this purpose, acquisitions pursuant to the Dividend Reinvestment Plan would constitute a reacquisition if made within the period.  If a loss is disallowed, then such loss will be reflected in an upward adjustment to the basis of the shares acquired.
Cost Basis Reporting.  As part of the Energy Improvement and Extension Act of 2008, mutual funds are required to report to the Internal Revenue Service the “cost basis” of shares acquired by a shareholder on or after January 1, 2014 (“covered shares”) and subsequently redeemed.  These requirements do not apply to investments through a tax-deferred arrangement, such as a 401(k) plan or an individual retirement plan.  The “cost basis” of a share is generally its purchase price adjusted for dividends, return of capital, and other corporate actions.  Cost basis is used to determine whether a sale of the shares results in a gain or loss.  The amount of gain or loss recognized by a shareholder on the sale or redemption of shares is generally the difference between the cost basis of such shares and their sale price.  If you redeem covered shares during any year, then the Fund will report the cost basis of such covered shares to the IRS and you on Form 1099-B along with the gross proceeds received on the redemption, the gain or loss realized on such redemption and the holding period of the redeemed shares.

Your cost basis in your covered shares is permitted to be calculated using any one of three alternative methods:  Average Cost, First In-First Out (FIFO) and Specific Share Identification.  You may elect which method you want to use by notifying the Fund.  This election may be revoked or changed by you at any time up to the date of your first redemption of covered shares.  If you do not affirmatively elect a cost basis method then the Fund’s default cost basis calculation method, which is currently the Average Cost method - will be applied to your
 
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account(s).  The default method will also be applied to all new accounts established unless otherwise requested.

If you hold Fund shares through a broker (or another nominee), please contact that broker (nominee) with respect to the reporting of cost basis and available elections for your account.
You are encouraged to consult your tax advisor regarding the application of the new cost basis reporting rules and, in particular, which cost basis calculation method you should elect.

Qualified Plans.  A dividend or capital gains distribution with respect to shares of the Fund held by a tax-deferred or qualified plan, such as an individual retirement account, section 403(b)(7) retirement plan or corporate pension or profit-sharing plan, generally will not be taxable to the plan.  Distributions from such plans will be taxable to individual participants under applicable tax rules without regard to the character of the income earned by the qualified plan.
Backup Withholding.  Any distributions and redemption proceeds payable to a shareholder may be subject to “backup withholding” tax (currently at a rate of 28%) if such shareholder fails to provide the Fund with his or her correct taxpayer identification number, fails to make required certifications, or is notified by the IRS that he or she is subject to backup withholding.  Corporate shareholders and certain other shareholders specified in the Code are exempt from such backup withholding.  Backup withholding is not an additional tax; any amounts so withheld may be credited against a shareholder’s U.S. federal income tax liability or refunded by filing a refund claim with the IRS, provided that the required information is furnished to the IRS.
Foreign Income Taxes.  Investment income received by the Fund from sources within foreign countries may be subject to foreign income taxes, including taxes withheld at the source.  The United States has entered into tax treaties with many foreign countries which entitle the Fund to a reduced rate of such taxes or exemption from taxes on such income.  It is impossible to determine the effective rate of foreign tax in advance since the amount of the Fund’s assets to be invested within various countries is not known.
If more than 50% of the value of the Fund’s total assets at the close of its taxable year consists of the stock or securities of foreign corporations, the Fund may elect to “pass through” to the Fund’s shareholders the amount of foreign income taxes paid by the Fund. Pursuant to such election, shareholders would be required: (i) to include in gross income (in addition to taxable dividends actually received), their respective pro-rata shares of foreign taxes paid by the Fund; (ii) treat their pro rata share of such foreign taxes as having been paid by them; and (iii) either to deduct their pro rata share of foreign taxes in computing their taxable income, or to use it as a foreign tax credit against federal income taxes (but not both).  No deduction for foreign taxes could be claimed by a shareholder who does not itemize deductions.  In addition, certain shareholders may be subject to rules which limit their ability to fully deduct, or claim a credit for, their pro rata share of the foreign taxes paid by the Fund.  A shareholder’s foreign tax credit with respect to a dividend received from the Fund will be disallowed unless the
 
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shareholder holds shares in the Fund on the ex-dividend date and for at least 15 other days during the 30-day period beginning 15 days prior to the ex-dividend date.
Each shareholder will be notified within 60 days after the close of each taxable year of the Fund whether the foreign taxes paid by the Fund will “pass through” for that year, and, if so, the amount of each shareholder’s pro-rata share (by country) of (i) the foreign taxes paid, and (ii) the Fund’s gross income from foreign sources.  Shareholders who are not liable for federal income taxes, such as retirement plans qualified under section 401 of the Code, will not be affected by any such “pass through” of foreign taxes.
The federal income tax status of each year’s distributions by the Fund will be reported to shareholders and to the IRS.  The foregoing is only a general description of the treatment of foreign taxes under the United States federal income tax laws.  Because the availability of a foreign tax credit or deduction will depend on the particular circumstances of each shareholder, potential investors are advised to consult their own tax advisers.
United States Federal Income Taxation of the Fund
The following discussion relates to certain significant U.S. federal income tax consequences to the Fund with respect to the determination of its “investment company taxable income” each year.  This discussion assumes that the Fund will be taxed as a regulated investment company for each of its taxable years.
Investments in the Wholly-Owned Subsidiary.  As described in the Prospectus, the Fund may gain exposure to the commodities markets through investments in commodity-linked derivative instruments.  On December 16, 2005, the IRS issued Revenue Ruling 2006-1 which held that income derived from commodity-linked swaps would not be qualifying income.  As such, the Fund’s ability to utilize commodity-linked swaps as part of its investment Fund is limited to a maximum of 10 percent of its gross income.
A subsequent revenue ruling, Revenue Ruling 2006-31, clarified the holding of Revenue Ruling 2006-1 by providing that income from alternative investment instruments (such as certain commodity index-linked notes) that create commodity exposure may be considered qualifying income under the Code.  The Fund intends to seek exposure to the commodities markets primarily through investments in the Subsidiary (as described below).  The Fund has received an opinion of counsel that such income should constitute qualifying income for the purposes of Subchapter M.  The IRS has also issued numerous private letter rulings to other investment companies holding that income derived from an investment in a subsidiary that invests in commodity-linked derivatives constitutes qualifying income for the purposes of Subchapter M.  These rulings can only be relied upon by the taxpayer to whom they were issued and therefore the Fund cannot rely on them. In August 2011, the IRS suspended the issuance of private letter rulings in this area while it considers certain issues raised by the private letter rulings.  The Fund intends to apply for a ruling if the IRS resumes consideration and issuance of the rulings.  Until such time as the IRS issues
 
105



a ruling to the Fund, the Fund will rely on its opinion of counsel.  If the IRS were to change the position expressed in the earlier private letter rulings, then the Fund may be required to change its investment strategy in order to continue to qualify as a regulated investment company.
The Subsidiary will be treated as a controlled foreign corporation (“CFC”).  The Fund will be treated as a “U.S. shareholder” of the Subsidiary.  As a result, the Fund will be required to include in gross income for U.S. federal income tax purposes all of the Subsidiary’s “subpart F income,” whether or not such income is distributed by the Subsidiary.  It is expected that all of the Subsidiary’s income will be “subpart F income.”  The Fund’s recognition of the Subsidiary’s “subpart F income” will increase the Fund’s tax basis in the Subsidiary.  Distributions by the Subsidiary to the Fund will be tax-free, to the extent of its previously undistributed “subpart F income”, and will correspondingly reduce the Fund’s tax basis in the Subsidiary.  “Subpart F income” is generally treated as ordinary income, regardless of the character of the Subsidiary’s underlying income.  If a net loss is realized by the Subsidiary, such loss is not generally available to offset the income earned by the Fund.
Foreign corporations, such as the Subsidiary, will generally not be subject to U.S. federal income taxation unless they are deemed to be engaged in a U.S. trade or business.  It is expected that the Subsidiary will conduct its activities in a manner so as to meet the requirements of a safe harbor under Section 864(b)(2) of the Code under which the Subsidiary may engage in trading in stocks or securities or certain commodities without being deemed to be engaged in a U.S. trade or business.  However, if certain of the Subsidiary’s activities were determined not to be of the type described in the safe harbor (which is not expected), then the activities of the Subsidiary may constitute a U.S. trade or business, or be taxed as such.
In general, foreign corporations, such as the Subsidiary, that do not conduct a U.S. trade or business are nonetheless subject to tax at a flat rate of 30 percent (or lower tax treaty rate), generally payable through withholding, on the gross amount of certain U.S.-source income that is not effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business.  There is presently no tax treaty in force between the U.S. and the Cayman Islands that would reduce this rate of withholding tax.  It is not expected that the Subsidiary will derive income subject to such withholding tax.
Based, in part, on Revenue Ruling 2006-31, IRS guidance and advice of counsel, the Fund will seek to gain exposure to the commodity markets primarily through investments in commodity-linked derivatives and through investments in the Subsidiary.  The use of commodity-linked derivative instruments involves specific risks.  The Prospectus, under the heading “Additional Information about the Fund’s Risks and Investments – Derivatives” provide further information regarding commodity-linked derivative instruments, including the risks associated with these instruments.
Options, Futures Contracts, and Forward Foreign Currency Contracts.  Certain listed options, regulated futures contracts, and forward foreign currency contracts are considered “section 1256 contracts” for federal income tax purposes.  Section 1256 contracts held by the Fund at the end of each taxable year will be “marked to market” and treated for federal income tax purposes as though sold for fair market value on the last business day of such taxable year.  Gain or loss realized by the Fund on section 1256 contracts other than forward foreign currency contracts will be considered 60% long-term and 40% short-term capital gain or loss.  Gain or loss realized by the Fund on forward foreign currency contracts will be treated as section 988 gain or loss and will therefore be characterized as ordinary income or loss and will increase or decrease the amount of the Fund’s net investment income available to be distributed to shareholders as ordinary income, as described above.  The Fund can elect to exempt its section
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1256 contracts which are part of a “mixed straddle” (as described below) from the application of section 1256.
Gain or loss realized by the Fund on the lapse or sale of put and call options on foreign currencies which are traded over-the-counter or on certain foreign exchanges will be treated as section 988 gain or loss and will therefore be characterized as ordinary income or loss and will increase or decrease the amount of the Fund’s net investment income available to be distributed to shareholders as ordinary income, as described above.  The amount of such gain or loss shall be determined by subtracting the amount paid, if any, for or with respect to the option (including any amount paid by the Fund upon termination of an option written by the Fund) from the amount received, if any, for or with respect to the option (including any amount received by the Fund upon termination of an option held by the Fund).  In general, if the Fund exercises such an option on a foreign currency, or if such an option that the Fund has written is exercised, gain or loss on the option will be recognized in the same manner as if the Fund had sold the option (or paid another person to assume the Fund’s obligation to make delivery under the option) on the date on which the option is exercised, for the fair market value of the option.  The foregoing rules will also apply to other put and call options which have as their underlying property foreign currency and which are traded over-the-counter or on certain foreign exchanges to the extent gain or loss with respect to such options is attributable to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.
Tax Straddles.  Any option, futures contract or other position entered into or held by the Fund in conjunction with any other position held by the Fund may constitute a “straddle” for federal income tax purposes.  A straddle of which at least one, but not all, the positions are section 1256 contracts may constitute a “mixed straddle”.  In general, straddles are subject to certain rules that may affect the character and timing of the Fund’s gains and losses with respect to straddle positions by requiring, among other things, that (i) loss realized on disposition of one position of a straddle not be recognized to the extent that the Fund has unrealized gains with respect to the other position in such straddle; (ii) the Fund’s holding period in straddle positions be suspended while the straddle exists (possibly resulting in gain being treated as short-term capital gain rather than long-term capital gain); (iii) losses recognized with respect to certain straddle positions which are part of a mixed straddle and which are non-section 1256 positions be treated as 60% long-term and 40% short-term capital loss; (iv) losses recognized with respect to certain straddle positions which would otherwise constitute short-term capital losses be treated as long-term capital losses; and (v) the deduction of interest and carrying charges attributable to certain straddle positions may be deferred.  Various elections are available to the Fund which may mitigate the effects of the straddle rules, particularly with respect to mixed straddles.  In general, the straddle rules described above do not apply to any straddles held by the Fund all of the offsetting positions of which consist of section 1256 contracts.
Currency Fluctuations — “Section 988” Gains or Losses.  Under the Code, gains or losses attributable to fluctuations in exchange rates which occur between the time the Fund accrues interest or other receivables or accrues expenses or other liabilities denominated in a foreign currency and the time the Fund actually collects such receivables or pays such liabilities are treated as ordinary income or ordinary loss.  Similarly, gains or losses from the disposition of foreign currencies, from the disposition of debt securities denominated in a foreign currency, or from the disposition of a forward contract denominated in a foreign currency which are
107



attributable to fluctuations in the value of the foreign currency between the date of acquisition of the asset and the date of disposition also are treated as ordinary income or loss.  These gains or losses, referred to under the Code as “section 988” gains or losses, increase or decrease the amount of the Fund’s investment company taxable income available to be distributed to its shareholders as ordinary income, rather than increasing or decreasing the amount of the Fund’s net capital gain.  Because section 988 losses reduce the amount of ordinary dividends the Fund will be allowed to distribute for a taxable year, such section 988 losses may result in all or a portion of prior dividend distributions for such year being recharacterized as a non-taxable return of capital to shareholders, rather than as an ordinary dividend, reducing each shareholder’s basis in his or her Fund shares.  To the extent that such distributions exceed such shareholder’s basis, each will be treated as a gain from the sale of shares.
Other Taxes
The Fund may be subject to other state and local taxes.
Taxation of Foreign Stockholders
Taxation of a shareholder who, under the Code, is a nonresident alien individual, foreign trust or estate, foreign corporation or foreign partnership (“foreign shareholder”), depends on whether the income from the Fund is “effectively connected” with a U.S. trade or business carried on by the foreign shareholder.
If the income from the Fund is not effectively connected with the foreign shareholder’s U.S. trade or business, then, except as discussed below, distributions of the Fund attributable to ordinary income and short-term capital gain paid to a foreign shareholder by the Fund will be subject to U.S. withholding tax at the rate of 30% (or lower treaty rate) upon the gross amount of the distribution.  However, distributions of the Fund attributable to short-term capital gains and U.S. source portfolio interest income paid during taxable years of the Fund beginning before January 1, 2014 will not be subject to this withholding tax.
A foreign shareholder generally would be exempt from federal income tax on distributions of the Fund attributable to net long-term capital gain and on gain realized from the sale or redemption of shares of the Fund.  Special rules apply in the case of a shareholder that is a foreign trust or foreign partnership.
If the income from the Fund is effectively connected with a foreign shareholder’s U.S. trade or business, then ordinary income distributions, capital gain distributions, and any gain realized upon the sale of shares of the Fund will be subject to federal income tax at the rates applicable to U.S. citizens or U.S. corporations.
The tax consequences to a foreign shareholder entitled to claim the benefits of an applicable tax treaty may be different from those described herein.
The tax rules of other countries with respect to an investment in the Fund can differ from the federal income taxation rules described above.  These foreign rules are not discussed herein.  Foreign shareholders are urged to consult their own tax advisors as to the consequences of foreign tax rules with respect to an investment in the Fund.
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PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS
 

Subject to the general oversight of the Board, the Adviser is responsible for the investment decisions and the placing of orders for portfolio transactions for the Fund.  The Adviser determines the broker or dealer to be used in each specific transaction with the objective of negotiating a combination of the most favorable commission (for transactions on which a commission is payable) and the best price obtainable on each transaction (generally defined as “best execution”).  The Fund does not consider sales of shares of the Fund or other investment companies managed by the Adviser as a factor in the selection of brokers and dealers to effect portfolio transactions and has adopted a policy and procedures reasonably designed to preclude such consideration.
When consistent with the objective of obtaining best execution, brokerage may be directed to persons or firms supplying investment information to the Adviser.  In these cases, the transaction cost charged by the executing broker may be greater than that which another broker may charge if the Fund determines in good faith that the amount of such transaction cost is reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage, research and statistical services provided by the executing broker.
Neither the Fund nor the Adviser has entered into agreements or understandings with any brokers regarding the placement of securities transactions because of research services they provide.  A broker-dealer may provide the Adviser with research or related services with an expectation, but not necessarily an explicit agreement or contract, that the investment adviser will use the broker-dealer to execute client transactions in the future.  To the extent that such persons or firms supply investment information to the Adviser for use in rendering investment advice to the Fund, such information may be supplied at no cost to the Adviser and, therefore, may have the effect of reducing the expenses of the Adviser in rendering advice to the Fund.  While it is impracticable to place an actual dollar value on such investment information, the Adviser believes that its receipt probably does not reduce the overall expenses of the Adviser to any material extent.
The investment information provided to the Adviser is of the type described in Section 28(e)(3) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and is designed to augment the Adviser’s own internal research and investment strategy capabilities.  Research services furnished by brokers through which the Fund effects securities transactions are used by the Adviser in carrying out its investment management responsibilities with respect to all its client accounts.  Research services furnished by broker-dealers as a result of the placement of Fund brokerage could be useful and of value to the Adviser in servicing its other clients as well as the Fund; but, on the other hand, certain research services obtained by the Adviser as a result of the placement of portfolio brokerage of other clients could be useful and of value to it in servicing the Fund.
The Fund may deal in some instances in securities that are not listed on a national stock exchange but are traded in the OTC market.  The Fund may also purchase listed securities
 
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through the third market, i.e., from a dealer that is not a member of the exchange on which a security is listed.  Where transactions are executed in the OTC market or third market, the Fund will seek to deal with the primary market makers; but when necessary in order to obtain the best price and execution, it will utilize the services of others.  In all cases, the Fund will attempt to negotiate best execution.
Many of the Fund’s portfolio transactions in equity securities will occur on foreign stock exchanges.  Transactions on stock exchanges involve the payment of brokerage commissions. On many foreign stock exchanges these commissions are fixed. Securities traded in foreign over-the-counter markets (including most fixed-income securities) are purchased from and sold to dealers acting as principal.  Over-the-counter transactions generally do not involve the payment of a stated commission, but the price usually includes an undisclosed commission or markup. The prices of underwritten offerings, however, generally include a stated underwriter’s discount.  The Adviser expects to effect the bulk of its transactions in securities of companies based in foreign countries through brokers, dealers or underwriters located in such countries.  U.S. Government or other U.S. securities constituting permissible investments will be purchased and sold through U.S. brokers, dealers or underwriters.
Investment decisions for the Fund are made independently from those for other investment companies and other advisory accounts managed by the Adviser.  It may happen, on occasion, that the same security is held in the portfolio of the Fund and one or more of such other companies or accounts.  Simultaneous transactions are likely when several funds or accounts are managed by the same Adviser, particularly when a security is suitable for the investment objectives of more than one of such companies or accounts.  When two or more companies or accounts managed by the Adviser are simultaneously engaged in the purchase or sale of the same security, the transactions are allocated to the respective companies or accounts both as to amount and price, in accordance with a method deemed equitable to each company or account.  In some cases this system may adversely affect the price paid or received by the Fund or the size of the position obtainable for the Fund.
Allocations are made by the officers of the Fund or of the Adviser.  Purchases and sales of portfolio securities are determined by the Adviser and are placed with broker-dealers by the order department of the Adviser.
The amount of aggregate brokerage commissions paid by the Fund during the fiscal years or period ended February 28, 2014, February 28, 2013 and February 28, 2012 were $7,532, $6,558 and $241, respectively.  The aggregate amount of transactions and related commissions allocated to persons or firms because of research services provided to the Fund or the Adviser during the fiscal year ended February 28, 2014 were $4,918,067 and $1,689, respectively.
The Fund may, from time to time, place orders for the purchase or sale of securities (including listed call options) with SCB & Co., an affiliate of the Adviser (the “Affiliated Broker”).  In such instances the placement of orders with such broker would be consistent with the Fund’s objective of obtaining best execution and would not be dependent upon the fact that the Affiliated Broker is an affiliate of the Adviser.  With respect to orders
 
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placed with the Affiliated Broker for execution on a national securities exchange, commissions received must conform to Section 17(e)(2)(A) of the 1940 Act and Rule 17e-1 thereunder, which permit an affiliated person of a registered investment company (such as the Fund), or any affiliated person of such person, to receive a brokerage commission from such registered investment company provided that such commission is reasonable and fair compared to the commissions received by other brokers in connection with comparable transactions involving similar securities during a comparable period of time.
The aggregate amount of brokerage commissions paid to the Affiliated Broker during the fiscal years or period ended February 28, 2014, February 28, 2013 and February 28, 2012 was $83, $9 and $0, respectively.  The Affiliated Broker’s percentage of the aggregate brokerage commissions and the aggregate dollar amount of brokerage transactions during the most recent fiscal year ended February 28, 2014 were 1.10% and 0.43%, respectively.

Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings
The Fund believes that the ideas of the Adviser’s investment staff should benefit the Fund and its shareholders, and does not want to afford speculators an opportunity to profit by anticipating Fund trading strategies or using Fund information for stock picking.  However, the Fund also believes that knowledge of the Fund’s portfolio holdings can assist shareholders in monitoring their investment, making asset allocation decisions, and evaluating portfolio management techniques.
The Adviser has adopted, on behalf of the Fund, policies and procedures relating to disclosure of the Fund’s portfolio securities.  The policies and procedures relating to disclosure of the Fund’s portfolio securities are designed to allow disclosure of portfolio holdings information where necessary to the Fund’s operation or useful to the Fund’s shareholders without compromising the integrity or performance of the Fund.  Except when there are legitimate business purposes for selective disclosure and other conditions (designed to protect the Fund and its shareholders) are met, the Fund does not provide or permit others to provide information about the Fund’s portfolio holdings on a selective basis.
The Fund includes portfolio holdings information as required in regulatory filings and shareholder reports, discloses portfolio holdings information as required by federal or state securities laws and may disclose portfolio holdings information in response to requests by governmental authorities.  In addition, the Adviser may post portfolio holdings information on the Adviser’s website (www.AllianceBernstein.com).  The Adviser generally posts on the website a complete schedule of the Fund’s portfolio securities, generally as of the last day of each calendar month, approximately 30 days after the end of that month.  This posted information generally remains accessible on the website for three months.  For each portfolio security, the posted information includes its name, the number of shares held by the Fund, the market value of the Fund’s holdings, and the percentage of the Fund’s assets represented by the portfolio security.  In addition to the schedule of portfolio holdings, the Adviser posts information about the number of securities the Fund holds, a summary of the Fund’s top ten holdings (including name and the percentage of the Fund’s assets invested in each holding), and a percentage breakdown of the Fund’s investments by credit risk or securities type, as applicable, approximately 45 days after the end of the month.  The day after portfolio holdings
 
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information is publicly available on the website, it may be mailed, e-mailed or otherwise transmitted to any person.
The Adviser may distribute or authorize the distribution of information about the Fund’s portfolio holdings that is not publicly available, on the website or otherwise, to the Adviser’s employees and affiliates that provide services to the Fund.  In addition, the Adviser may distribute or authorize distribution of information about the Fund’s portfolio holdings that is not publicly available, on the website or otherwise, (i) to the Fund’s service providers who require access to the information in order to fulfill their contractual duties relating to the Fund (including, without limitation, pricing services and proxy voting services), (ii) to facilitate the review of the Fund by rating agencies, (iii) for the purpose of due diligence regarding a merger or acquisition, or (iv) for the purpose of effecting in-kind redemption of securities to facilitate orderly redemption of portfolio assets and minimal impact on remaining Fund shareholders.  The Adviser does not expect to disclose information about the Fund’s portfolio holdings to individual or institutional investors in the Fund or to intermediaries that distribute the Fund’s shares without making such information public as described herein.  Information may be disclosed with any frequency and any lag, as appropriate.
Before any non-public disclosure of information about the Fund’s portfolio holdings is permitted, however, the Adviser’s Chief Compliance Officer (or his designee) must determine that the Fund has a legitimate business purpose for providing the portfolio holdings information, that the disclosure is in the best interests of the Fund’s shareholders, and that the recipient agrees or has a duty to keep the information confidential and agrees not to trade directly or indirectly based on the information or to use the information to form a specific recommendation about whether to invest in the Fund or any other security.  Under no circumstances may the Adviser or its affiliates receive any consideration or compensation for disclosing the information.
The Adviser has established procedures to ensure that the Fund’s portfolio holdings information is only disclosed in accordance with these policies.  Only the Adviser’s Chief Compliance Officer (or his designee) may approve the disclosure, and then only if he or she and a designated senior officer in the Adviser’s product management group determines that the disclosure serves a legitimate business purpose of the Fund and is in the best interest of the Fund’s shareholders.  The Adviser’s Chief Compliance Officer (or his designee) approves disclosure only after considering the anticipated benefits and costs to the Fund and its shareholders, the purpose of the disclosure, any conflicts of interest between the interests of the Fund and its shareholders and the interests of the Adviser or any of its affiliates, and whether the disclosure is consistent with the policies and procedures governing disclosure.  Only someone approved by the Adviser’s Chief Compliance Officer (or his designee) may make approved disclosures of portfolio holdings information to authorized recipients.  The Adviser reserves the right to request certifications from senior officers of authorized recipients that the recipient is using the portfolio holdings information only in a manner consistent with the Adviser’s policy and any applicable confidentiality agreement.  The Adviser’s Chief Compliance Officer or another member of the compliance team reports all arrangements to disclose portfolio holdings information to the Board on a quarterly basis.  If the Board determines that disclosure was inappropriate, the Adviser will promptly terminate the disclosure arrangement.
 
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In accordance with these procedures, each of the following third parties has been approved to receive information concerning the Fund’s portfolio holdings: (i) the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm, for use in providing audit opinions; (ii) RR Donnelley Financial, Data Communique International and, from time to time, other financial printers, for the purpose of preparing Fund regulatory filings; (iii) the Fund’s custodian in connection with its custody of the Fund’s assets; (iv) Institutional Shareholder Services, Inc. for proxy voting services; and (v) data aggregators, such as Vestek.  Information may be provided to these parties at any time with no time lag.  Each of these parties is contractually and ethically prohibited from sharing the Fund’s portfolio holdings information unless specifically authorized.
 
GENERAL INFORMATION
 

The Fund is a series of AllianceBernstein Cap Fund, Inc., a Maryland corporation.  The Fund was organized in 2011 under the name “AllianceBernstein Dynamic All Market Fund”.
The Board is authorized to reclassify and issue any unissued shares to any number of additional series and classes without shareholder approval.  Accordingly, the Board may create additional series of shares in the future, for reasons such as the desire to establish one or more additional portfolios of the Fund with different investment objectives, policies or restrictions.  Any issuance of shares of another series would be governed by the 1940 Act and the laws of the State of Maryland.
It is anticipated that annual shareholder meetings will not be held; shareholder meetings will be held only when required by federal or state law or in accordance with an undertaking by the Adviser to the SEC.  Shareholders have available certain procedures for the removal of Directors.
A shareholder will be entitled to share pro rata with other holders of the same class of shares all dividends and distributions arising from the Fund’s assets and, upon redeeming shares, will receive the then current NAV of the Fund represented by the redeemed shares less any applicable CDSC. The Fund is empowered to establish, without shareholder approval, additional portfolios and additional classes of shares within the Fund. If an additional portfolio or an additional class within the Fund were established, each share of the portfolio or class would normally be entitled to one vote for all purposes. Generally, shares of each portfolio and class would vote together as a single class on matters, such as the election of Directors, that affect each portfolio and class in substantially the same manner. As to matters affecting each portfolio differently, such as approval of the Advisory Agreement and changes in investment policy, shares of each portfolio would vote as separate series.

Each class of shares of the Fund represents an interest in the same portfolio of investments and has the same rights and is identical in all respects, except that each class of shares bears its own Rule 12b-1 fees (if any) and transfer agency expenses.  Each class of shares of the Fund votes separately with respect to the Fund’s Rule 12b-1 distribution plan and other
 
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matters for which separate class voting is appropriate under applicable law. Shares are freely transferable, are entitled to dividends as determined by the Directors and, in liquidation of the Fund, are entitled to receive the net assets of the Fund.

Principal Holders

To the knowledge of the Fund, the following persons owned of record or beneficially, 5% or more of a class of outstanding shares of the Fund as of October 24, 2014:
 
 

Class
Name and Address
Number of Shares
% of Class
 
Class A
Ascensus Trust Company
C/F David M Melchior Roth IRA
5951 South Spotswood St.
Littleton, CO 80120-2039
4,329
5.47%
       
 
ATC as Cust for IRA
Paula E. Nivens
6883 Pleasantview Dr.
Thomasville, PA 17364-9278
6,997
8.84%
       
 
Lisa G. Cross
William G. Cross
JTWROS
4728 NW 17th Place
Gainesville, FL  32605-3420
4,200
5.31%
 
 
Edward D. Jones & Co.
For the Benefit of Customers
12555 Manchester Rd.
Saint Louis, MO 63131-3729
5,274
6.67%
       
 
Keith G. Lafleur & Diane Lafleur
Ten Com
1356 Bay Shore Blvd.
Rochester, NY  14609-1933
4,557
5.76%
       
 
LPL Financial
FBO Customer Accounts
Attn: Mutual Fund Operations
P.O. Box 509046
San Diego, CA 92150-9046
13,840
17.49%
       
 
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Class
Name and Address
Number of Shares
% of Class
       
 
Pershing LLC
P.O. Box 2052
Jersey City, NJ 07303-2052
7,402
9.36%
 
Class C 
AllianceBernstein L.P.
Attn: Brent Mather-Seed Acct
1 N. Lexington Ave.
White Plains, N.Y. 10601-1712
1,000
8.02%
 
 
Ascensus Trust Company
John M. Palatiello & Associates Inc.
Sally D. Palatiello
11623 Deer Forest Rd.
Reston, VA 20194-1104
731
5.86%
       
 
ATC as Cust for IRA
Kenneth I. Hall
38 Ranoldo Ter.
Cherry Hill, NJ 08034-2132
2,186
17.53%
       
 
ATC as Cust for SEP IRA
Kenneth I. Hall
38 Ranoldo Ter.
Cherry Hill, NJ 08034-2132
768
6.16%
       
 
LPL Financial
FBO Customer Accounts
Attn: Mutual Fund Operations
P.O. Box 509046
San Diego, CA 92150-9046
3,393
27.21%
       
 
Morgan Stanley Smith Barney
Harborside Financial Center
Plaza II, 3rd Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
897
7.19%
       
 
National Financial Services LLC
for the Exclusive Benefit of our Customers
499 Washington Blvd., 4th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07310
746
5.98%
       
 
Pershing LLC
P.O. Box 2052
Jersey City, NJ 07303-2052
1,892
15.17%
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Class
Name and Address
Number of Shares
% of Class
       
Advisor Class
NFS LLC FEBO
NFS/FMTC IRA
FBO Donald Kreiler
1008 Chesters Hollow Dr.
Raleigh, NC 27603-8259
15,425
8.72%
       
 
Sanford Bernstein & Co LLC
1 N. Lexington Ave., Fl 17
White Plains, N.Y. 10601-1785
54,741
30.93%
       
 
Sanford Bernstein & Co LLC
1 N. Lexington Ave., Fl 17
White Plains, N.Y. 10601-1785
22,766
12.87%
       
 
Sanford Bernstein & Co LLC
1 N. Lexington Ave., Fl 17
White Plains, N.Y. 10601-1785
11,509
6.50%
       
 
Sanford Bernstein & Co LLC
1 N. Lexington Ave., Fl 17
White Plains, N.Y. 10601-1785
11,418
6.45%
       
Class R
AllianceBernstein L.P.
Attn: Brent Mather-Seed Acct
1 N. Lexington Ave.
White Plains, N.Y. 10601-1712
1,004
99.98%
       
Class K
AllianceBernstein L.P.
Attn: Brent Mather-Seed Acct
1 N. Lexington Ave.
White Plains, N.Y. 10601-1712
1,004
99.98%
       
Class I
AllianceBernstein L.P.
Attn: Brent Mather-Seed Acct
1 N. Lexington Ave.
White Plains, N.Y. 10601-1712
997,055
100.00%
       
Class 1
AllianceBernstein L.P.
Attn: Brent Mather-Seed Acct
1 N. Lexington Ave.
White Plains, N.Y. 10601-1712
1,004
100.00%
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Class
Name and Address
Number of Shares
% of Class
       
Class 2
AllianceBernstein L.P.
Attn: Brent Mather-Seed Acct
1 N. Lexington Ave.
White Plains, N.Y. 10601-1712
1,004
100.00%

Custodian and Accounting Agent
 
Brown Brothers Harriman & Co. (“Brown Brothers”), 40 Water Street, Boston, MA 02109, acts as the Fund’s custodian for the assets of the Fund but plays no part in deciding on the purchase or sale of portfolio securities.  Subject to the supervision of the Fund’s Directors, Brown Brothers may enter into subcustodial agreements for the holding of the Fund’s foreign securities.
Principal Underwriter
ABI, an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of the Adviser, located at 1345 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10105, is the principal underwriter of shares of the Fund, and as such may solicit orders from the public to purchase shares of the Fund.  Under the Distribution Services Agreement, the Fund has agreed to indemnify ABI, in the absence of its willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of its obligations thereunder, against certain civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act.
Counsel
Legal matters in connection with the issuance of the shares of the Fund offered hereby will be passed upon by Seward & Kissel LLP, New York, NY 10004.
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Ernst & Young LLP, 5 Times Square, New York, NY 10036, has been appointed as the independent registered public accounting firm for the Fund.
Code of Ethics and Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures
The Fund, the Adviser and ABI have each adopted codes of ethics pursuant to Rule 17j-1 of the 1940 Act.  These codes of ethics permit personnel subject to the codes to invest in securities, including securities that may be purchased or held by the Fund.
The Fund has adopted the Adviser’s proxy voting policies and procedures.  The Adviser’s proxy voting policies and procedures are attached as Appendix A.
Information regarding how the Fund voted proxies related to portfolio securities during the most recent 12-month period ended June 30 is available (1) without charge, upon request, by calling (800) 227-4618; or on or through the Fund’s website at www.AllianceBernstein.com; or both; and (2) on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
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Additional Information
Shareholder inquiries may be directed to the shareholder’s financial intermediary or to ABIS at the address or telephone numbers shown on the front cover of this SAI.  This SAI does not contain all the information set forth in the Registration Statement filed by the Fund with the SEC under the Securities Act.  Copies of the Registration Statement may be obtained at a reasonable charge from the SEC or may be examined, without charge, at the offices of the SEC in Washington, D.C. or on the Internet at www.AllianceBernstein.com.
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FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
 

The financial statements of the Fund for the fiscal year ended February 28, 2014 and the report of Ernst & Young LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, are incorporated herein by reference to the Fund’s annual report. The annual report for the Fund was filed on Form N-CSR with the SEC on May 2, 2014. The Fund’s annual report is available without charge upon request by calling ABIS at (800) 227-4618 or on the Internet at www.AllianceBernstein.com.


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APPENDIX A:
STATEMENT OF POLICIES AND
PROCEDURES FOR PROXY VOTING
 


1.            Introduction
As a registered investment adviser, AllianceBernstein L.P. (“AllianceBernstein”, “we” or “us”) has a fiduciary duty to act solely in the best interests of our clients.  We recognize that this duty requires us to vote client securities in a timely manner and make voting decisions that are intended to maximize long-term shareholder value.  Generally, our clients’ objective is to maximize the financial return of their portfolios within appropriate risk parameters.  We have long recognized that environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) issues can impact the performance of investment portfolios.  Accordingly, we have sought to integrate ESG factors into our investment process to the extent that the integration of such factors is consistent with our fiduciary duty to help our clients achieve their investment objectives and protect their economic interests.  For additional information regarding our ESG policies and practices, please refer to our firm’s Statement of Policy Regarding Responsible Investment.

We consider ourselves shareholder advocates and take this responsibility very seriously.  Consistent with our commitments, we will disclose our clients’ voting records only to them and as required by mutual fund vote disclosure regulations.  In addition, our Proxy Committee may, after careful consideration, choose to respond to surveys so long as doing so does not compromise confidential voting.

This statement is intended to comply with Rule 206(4)-6 of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940.  It sets forth our policies and procedures for voting proxies for our discretionary investment advisory clients, including investment companies registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940.  This statement applies to AllianceBernstein’s investment groups investing on behalf of clients in both U.S. and non-U.S. securities.

2.            Proxy Policies
Our proxy voting policies are principle-based rather than rules-based.  We adhere to a core set of principles that are described in this Statement and in our Proxy Voting Manual.  We assess each proxy proposal in light of those principles.  Our proxy voting “litmus test” will always be what we view as most likely to maximize long-term shareholder value.  We believe that authority and accountability for setting and executing corporate policies, goals and compensation should generally rest with the board of directors and senior management.  In return, we support strong investor rights that allow shareholders to hold directors and management accountable if they fail to act in the best interests of shareholders.  In addition, if we determine that ESG issues that arise with respect to an issuer’s past, current or anticipated behaviors are, or are reasonably likely to become, material to its future earnings, we address these concerns in our proxy voting and engagement.

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This statement is designed to be responsive to the wide range of proxy voting subjects that can have a significant effect on the investment value of the securities held in our clients’ accounts.  These policies are not exhaustive due to the variety of proxy voting issues that we may be required to consider.  AllianceBernstein reserves the right to depart from these guidelines in order to make voting decisions that are in our clients’ best interests.  In reviewing proxy issues, we will apply the following general policies:

2.1.            Corporate Governance

We recognize the importance of good corporate governance in our proxy voting policies and engagement practices in ensuring that management and the board of directors fulfill their obligations to shareholders.  We favor proposals promoting transparency and accountability within a company.  We support the appointment of a majority of independent directors on boards and key committees.  Because we believe that good corporate governance requires shareholders to have a meaningful voice in the affairs of the company, we generally will support shareholder proposals which request that companies amend their by-laws to provide that director nominees be elected by an affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast.  Furthermore, we have written to the SEC in support of shareholder access to corporate proxy statements under specified conditions with the goal of serving the best interests of all shareholders.

2.2.            Elections of Directors

Unless there is a proxy fight for seats on the Board or we determine that there are other compelling reasons to oppose directors, we will vote in favor of the management proposed slate of directors.  That said, we believe that directors have a duty to respond to shareholder actions that have received significant shareholder support.  Therefore, we may vote against directors (or withhold votes for directors where plurality voting applies) who fail to act on key issues such as failure to implement proposals to declassify the board, failure to implement a majority vote requirement, failure to submit a rights plan to a shareholder vote or failure to act on tender offers where a majority of shareholders have tendered their shares.  In addition, we will vote against directors who fail to attend at least seventy-five percent of board meetings within a given year without a reasonable excuse, and we may abstain or vote against directors of non-U.S. issuers where there is insufficient information about the nominees disclosed in the proxy statement.  Also, we will generally not oppose directors who meet the definition of independence promulgated by the primary exchange on which the company’s shares are traded or set forth in the code we determine to be best practice in the country where the subject company is domiciled.  Finally, because we believe that cumulative voting in single shareholder class structures provides a disproportionately large voice to minority shareholders in the affairs of a company, we will generally vote against such proposals and vote for management proposals seeking to eliminate cumulative voting.  However, in dual class structures (such as A&B shares) where the shareholders with a majority economic interest have a minority voting interest, we will generally vote in favor of cumulative voting.
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2.3.            Appointment of Auditors
AllianceBernstein believes that the company is in the best position to choose its auditors, so we will generally support management's recommendation.  However, we recognize that there are inherent conflicts when a company’s independent auditor performs substantial non-audit services for the company.  The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 prohibits certain categories of services by auditors to U.S. issuers, making this issue less prevalent in the U.S.  Nevertheless, in reviewing a proposed auditor, we will consider the fees paid for non-audit services relative to total fees and whether there are other reasons for us to question the independence or performance of the auditors.

2.4.            Changes in Legal and Capital Structure
Changes in a company’s charter, articles of incorporation or by-laws are often technical and administrative in nature.  Absent a compelling reason to the contrary, AllianceBernstein will cast its votes in accordance with management’s recommendations on such proposals.  However, we will review and analyze on a case-by-case basis any non-routine proposals that are likely to affect the structure and operation of the company or have a material economic effect on the company.  For example, we will generally support proposals to increase authorized common stock when it is necessary to implement a stock split, aid in a restructuring or acquisition, or provide a sufficient number of shares for an employee savings plan, stock option plan or executive compensation plan.  However, a satisfactory explanation of a company's intentions must be disclosed in the proxy statement for proposals requesting an increase of greater than 100% of the shares outstanding.  We will oppose increases in authorized common stock where there is evidence that the shares will be used to implement a poison pill or another form of anti-takeover device.  We will support shareholder proposals that seek to eliminate dual class voting structures.

2.5.            Corporate Restructurings, Mergers and Acquisitions
AllianceBernstein believes proxy votes dealing with corporate reorganizations are an extension of the investment decision.  Accordingly, we will analyze such proposals on a case-by-case basis, weighing heavily the views of our research analysts that cover the company and our investment professionals managing the portfolios in which the stock is held.

2.6.            Proposals Affecting Shareholder Rights
AllianceBernstein believes that certain fundamental rights of shareholders must be protected.  We will generally vote in favor of proposals that give shareholders a greater voice in the affairs of the company and oppose any measure that seeks to limit those rights.  However, when analyzing such proposals we will weigh the financial impact of the proposal against the impairment of shareholder rights.

2.7.            Anti-Takeover Measures
AllianceBernstein believes that measures that impede corporate transactions (such as takeovers) or entrench management not only infringe on the rights of shareholders but may
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also have a detrimental effect on the value of the company.  Therefore, we will generally oppose proposals, regardless of whether they are advanced by management or shareholders, when their purpose or effect is to entrench management or excessively or inappropriately dilute shareholder ownership.  Conversely, we support proposals that would restrict or otherwise eliminate anti-takeover or anti-shareholder measures that have already been adopted by corporate issuers.  For example, we will support shareholder proposals that seek to require the company to submit a shareholder rights plan to a shareholder vote.  We will evaluate, on a case-by-case basis, proposals to completely redeem or eliminate such plans.  Furthermore, we will generally oppose proposals put forward by management (including the authorization of blank check preferred stock, classified boards and supermajority vote requirements) that appear to be anti-shareholder or intended as management entrenchment mechanisms.

2.8.            Executive Compensation
AllianceBernstein believes that company management and the compensation committee of the board of directors should, within reason, be given latitude to determine the types and mix of compensation and benefits offered to company employees.  Whether proposed by a shareholder or management, we will review proposals relating to executive compensation plans on a case-by-case basis to ensure that the long-term interests of management and shareholders are properly aligned.  In general, we will analyze the proposed plan to ensure that shareholder equity will not be excessively diluted taking into account shares available for grant under the proposed plan as well as other existing plans. We generally will oppose plans that allow stock options to be granted with below market value exercise prices on the date of issuance or permit re-pricing of underwater stock options without shareholder approval.  Other factors such as the company’s performance and industry practice will generally be factored into our analysis.  In markets where remuneration reports or advisory votes on executive compensation are not required for all companies, we will generally support shareholder proposals asking the board to adopt a policy (i.e., “say on pay”) that the company’s shareholders be given the opportunity to vote on an advisory resolution to approve the compensation practices of the company.  Although “say on pay” votes are by nature only broad indications of shareholder views, they do lead to more compensation-related dialogue between management and shareholders and help ensure that management and shareholders meet their common objective: maximizing the value of the company.  In markets where votes to approve remuneration reports or advisory votes on executive compensation are required, we review the compensation practices on a case-by-case basis. With respect to companies that have received assistance through government programs such as TARP, we will generally oppose shareholder proposals that seek to impose greater executive compensation restrictions on subject companies than are required under the applicable program because such restrictions could create a competitive disadvantage for the subject company.  We believe the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) took appropriate steps to ensure more complete and transparent disclosure of executive compensation when it issued modified executive compensation and corporate governance disclosure rules in 2006 and February 2010.  Therefore, while we will consider them on a case-by-case basis, we generally vote against shareholder proposals seeking additional disclosure of executive and director compensation, including proposals that seek to specify the measurement of performance-based compensation, if the company is subject to SEC rules.  We will support requiring a shareholder vote on management proposals to provide severance packages that exceed 2.99 times the sum of an executive officer’s base salary plus bonus that are triggered by a
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change in control.  Finally, we will support shareholder proposals requiring a company to expense compensatory employee stock options (to the extent the jurisdiction in which the company operates does not already require it) because we view this form of compensation as a significant corporate expense that should be appropriately accounted for.

2.9.            ESG
We are appointed by our clients as an investment manager with a fiduciary responsibility to help them achieve their investment objectives over the long term.  Generally, our clients’ objective is to maximize the financial return of their portfolios within appropriate risk parameters.  We have long recognized that ESG issues can impact the performance of investment portfolios.  Accordingly, we have sought to integrate ESG factors into our investment and proxy voting processes to the extent that the integration of such factors is consistent with our fiduciary duty to help our clients achieve their investment objectives and protect their economic interests.   For additional information regarding our approach to incorporating ESG issues in our investment and decision-making processes, please refer to our RI Policy, which is attached to this Statement as an Exhibit.

Shareholder proposals relating to environmental, social (including political) and governance issues often raise complex and controversial issues that may have both a financial and non-financial effect on the company.  And while we recognize that the effect of certain policies on a company may be difficult to quantify, we believe it is clear that they do affect the company’s long-term performance.  Our position in evaluating these proposals is founded on the principle that we are a fiduciary.  As such, we carefully consider any factors that we believe could affect a company’s long-term investment performance (including ESG issues) in the course of our extensive fundamental, company-specific research and engagement, which we rely on in making our investment and proxy voting decisions.  Maximizing long-term shareholder value is our overriding concern when evaluating these matters, so we consider the impact of these proposals on the future earnings of the company.  In so doing, we will balance the assumed cost to a company of implementing one or more shareholder proposals against the positive effects we believe implementing the proposal may have on long-term shareholder value.

3.            Proxy Voting Procedures
3.1.            Engagement
In evaluating proxy issues and determining our votes, we welcome and seek out the points of view of various parties.  Internally, the Proxy Committee may consult chief investment officers, directors of research, research analysts across our value and growth equity platforms, portfolio managers in whose managed accounts a stock is held and/or other Investment Policy Group members. Externally, the Proxy Committee may consult company management, company directors, interest groups, shareholder activists and research providers.  If we believe an ESG issue is, or is reasonably likely to become, material, we engage a company’s management to discuss the relevant issues.
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3.2.            Conflicts of Interest
AllianceBernstein recognizes that there may be a potential conflict of interest when we vote a proxy solicited by an issuer whose retirement plan we manage or administer, who distributes AllianceBernstein-sponsored mutual funds, or with whom we have, or one of our employees has, a business or personal relationship that may affect (or may be reasonably viewed as affecting) how we vote on the issuer’s proxy.  Similarly, AllianceBernstein may have a potentially material conflict of interest when deciding how to vote on a proposal sponsored or supported by a shareholder group that is a client.  We believe that centralized management of proxy voting, oversight by the Proxy Committee and adherence to these policies ensures that proxies are voted based solely on our clients’ best interests.  Additionally, we have implemented procedures to ensure that our votes are not the product of a material conflict of interest, including: (i) on an annual basis, the Proxy Committee taking reasonable steps to evaluate (A) the nature of AllianceBernstein’s and our employees’ material business and personal relationships (and those of our affiliates) with any company whose equity securities are held in client accounts and (B) any client that has sponsored or has a material interest in a proposal upon which we will be eligible to vote;  (ii) requiring anyone involved in the decision making process to disclose to the Chair of the Proxy Committee any potential conflict that he or she is aware of (including personal relationships) and any contact that he or she has had with any interested party regarding a proxy vote;  (iii) prohibiting employees involved in the decision making process or vote administration from revealing how we intend to vote on a proposal in order to reduce any attempted influence from interested parties;  and (iv) where a material conflict of interests exists, reviewing our proposed vote by applying a series of objective tests and, where necessary, considering the views of third party research services to ensure that our voting decision is consistent with our clients’ best interests.

Because under certain circumstances AllianceBernstein considers the recommendation of third party research services, the Proxy Committee takes reasonable steps to verify that any third party research service is, in fact, independent taking into account all of the relevant facts and circumstances.  This includes reviewing the third party research service’s conflict management procedures and ascertaining, among other things, whether the third party research service (i) has the capacity and competency to adequately analyze proxy issues, and (ii) can make recommendations in an impartial manner and in the best interests of our clients.

3.3.            Proxies of Certain Non-U.S. Issuers
Proxy voting in certain countries requires “share blocking.”  Shareholders wishing to vote their proxies must deposit their shares shortly before the date of the meeting with a designated depositary.  During this blocking period, shares that will be voted at the meeting cannot be sold until the meeting has taken place and the shares are returned to the clients’ custodian banks.  Absent compelling reasons to the contrary, AllianceBernstein believes that the benefit to the client of exercising the vote is outweighed by the cost of voting (i.e., not being able to sell the shares during this period).  Accordingly, if share blocking is required we generally choose not to vote those shares.
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AllianceBernstein seeks to vote all proxies for securities held in client accounts for which we have proxy voting authority.  However, in non-US markets, administrative issues beyond our control may at times prevent AllianceBernstein from voting such proxies.  For example, AllianceBernstein may receive meeting notices after the cut-off date for voting or without sufficient time to fully consider the proxy.  As another example, certain markets require periodic renewals of powers of attorney that local agents must have from our clients prior to implementing AllianceBernstein’s voting instructions.

3.4.            Loaned Securities
Many clients of AllianceBernstein have entered into securities lending arrangements with agent lenders to generate additional revenue.  AllianceBernstein will not be able to vote securities that are on loan under these types of arrangements.  However, under rare circumstances, for voting issues that may have a significant impact on the investment, we may request that clients recall securities that are on loan if we determine that the benefit of voting outweighs the costs and lost revenue to the client or fund and the administrative burden of retrieving the securities.

3.5.            Proxy Committee
We have formed a Proxy Committee, which includes investment professionals from both our growth and value equities teams, which is directly involved in the decision-making process to ensure that our votes are guided by the investment professionals who are most familiar with a given company.  The Proxy Committee establishes general proxy policies for AllianceBernstein and considers specific proxy voting matters as necessary.  The Proxy Committee periodically reviews these policies and new types of environmental, social and governance issues, and decides how we should vote on proposals not covered by these policies.  When a proxy vote cannot be clearly decided by an application of our stated policy, the Proxy Committee will evaluate the proposal.  In addition, the Proxy Committee, in conjunction with the analyst that covers the company, may contact corporate management, interested shareholder groups and others as necessary to discuss proxy issues.

Different investment philosophies may occasionally result in different conclusions being drawn regarding certain proposals and, in turn, may result in the Proxy Committee making different voting decisions on the same proposal for value and growth holdings.  Nevertheless, the Proxy Committee always votes proxies with the goal of maximizing the value of the securities in client portfolios.

It is the responsibility of the Proxy Committee to evaluate and maintain proxy voting procedures and guidelines, to evaluate proposals and issues not covered by these guidelines, to evaluate proxies where we face a potential conflict of interest (as discussed in section 3.2), to consider changes in policy and to review the Proxy Voting Statement and the Proxy Voting Manual no less frequently than annually.  In addition, the Proxy Committee meets as necessary to address special situations.
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Members of the Proxy Committee include senior investment personnel and representatives of the Legal and Compliance Department.  The Proxy Committee is chaired by Linda Giuliano, Senior Vice President and Chief Administrative Officer-Equities.

Proxy Committee
   
Vincent DuPont:
 
SVP-Equities
Linda Giuliano:
 
SVP-Equities
Stephen Grillo:
 
VP-Equities
David Lesser:
 
VP-Legal
Mark Manley:
 
SVP-Legal

3.6.            Proxy Voting Records

You may obtain information regarding how the Fund voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the most recent 12-month period ended June 30, without charge.  Simply visit AllianceBernstein’s web site at www.alliancebernstein.com, go to the Securities and Exchange Commission’s web site at www.sec.gov or call AllianceBernstein at (800) 227-4618.

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Exhibit

Statement of Policy Regarding
Responsible Investment
Principles for Responsible Investment,
ESG, and Socially Responsible Investment

1. Introduction
AllianceBernstein L.P. (“AllianceBernstein” or “we”) is appointed by our clients as an investment manager with a fiduciary responsibility to help them achieve their investment objectives over the long term. Generally, our clients’ objective is to maximize the financial return of their portfolios within appropriate risk parameters. AllianceBernstein has long recognized that environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) issues can impact the performance of investment portfolios. Accordingly, we have sought to integrate ESG factors into our investment process to the extent that the integration of such factors is consistent with our fiduciary duty to help our clients achieve their investment objectives and protect their economic interests.

Our policy draws a distinction between how the Principles for Responsible Investment (“PRI” or “Principles”), and Socially Responsible Investing (“SRI”) incorporate ESG factors. PRI is based on the premise that, because ESG issues can affect investment performance, appropriate consideration of ESG issues and engagement regarding them is firmly within the bounds of a mainstream investment manager’s fiduciary duties to its clients. Furthermore, PRI is intended to be applied only in ways that are consistent with those mainstream fiduciary duties.

SRI, which refers to a spectrum of investment strategies that seek to integrate ethical, moral, sustainability and other non-financial factors into the investment process, generally involves exclusion and/or divestment, as well as investment guidelines that restrict investments. AllianceBernstein may accept such guideline restrictions upon client request.

2. Approach to ESG
Our long-standing policy has been to include ESG factors in our extensive fundamental research and consider them carefully when we believe they are material to our forecasts and investment decisions. If we determine that these aspects of an issuer’s past, current or anticipated behavior are material to its future expected returns, we address these concerns in our forecasts, research reviews, investment decisions and engagement. In addition, we have well-developed proxy voting policies that incorporate ESG issues and engagement.

3. Commitment to the PRI
In recent years, we have gained greater clarity on how the PRI initiative, based on information from PRI Advisory Council members and from other signatories, provides a framework for incorporating ESG factors into investment research and decision-making. Furthermore, our industry has become, over time, more aware of the importance of ESG factors. We acknowledge these developments and seek to refine what has been our process in this area.
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After careful consideration, we determined that becoming a PRI signatory would enhance our current ESG practices and align with our fiduciary duties to our clients as a mainstream investment manager. Accordingly, we became a signatory, effective November 1, 2011.

In signing the PRI, AllianceBernstein as an investment manager publicly commits to adopt and implement all six Principles, where consistent with our fiduciary responsibilities, and to make progress over time on implementation of the Principles.

The six Principles are:

1. We will incorporate ESG issues into investment research and decision-making processes. AllianceBernstein Examples: ESG issues are included in the research analysis process. In some cases, external service providers of ESG-related tools are utilized; we have conducted proxy voting training and will have continued and expanded training for investment professionals to incorporate ESG issues into investment analysis and decision-making processes across our firm.

2. We will be active owners and incorporate ESG issues into our ownership policies and practices.

AllianceBernstein Examples: We are active owners through our proxy voting process (for additional information, please refer to our Statement of Policies and Procedures for Proxy Voting Manual); we engage issuers on ESG matters in our investment research process (we define “engagement” as discussions with management about ESG issues when they are, or we believe they are reasonably likely to become, material).

3. We will seek appropriate disclosure on ESG issues by the entities in which we invest.

AllianceBernstein Examples: Generally, we support transparency regarding ESG issues when we conclude the disclosure is reasonable. Similarly, in proxy voting, we will support shareholder initiatives and resolutions promoting ESG disclosure when we conclude the disclosure is reasonable.

4. We will promote acceptance and implementation of the Principles within the investment industry.

AllianceBernstein Examples: By signing the PRI, we have taken an important first step in promoting acceptance and implementation of the six Principles within our industry.

5. We will work together to enhance our effectiveness in implementing the Principles.

AllianceBernstein Examples: We will engage with clients and participate in forums with other PRI signatories to better understand how the PRI are applied in our respective businesses. As a PRI signatory, we have access to information, tools and other signatories to help ensure that we are effective in our endeavors to implement the PRI.

6. We will report on our activities and progress towards implementing the Principles.
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AllianceBernstein Examples: We will respond to the 2012 PRI questionnaire and disclose PRI scores from the questionnaire in response to inquiries from clients and in requests for proposals; we will provide examples as requested concerning active ownership activities (voting, engagement or policy dialogue).

4. RI Committee
Our firm’s RI Committee provides AllianceBernstein stakeholders, including employees, clients, prospects, consultants and service providers alike, with a resource within our firm on which they can rely for information regarding our approach to ESG issues and how those issues are incorporated in different ways by the PRI and SRI. Additionally, the RI Committee is responsible for assisting AllianceBernstein personnel to further implement our firm’s RI policies and practices, and, over time, to make progress on implementing all six Principles.

The RI Committee has a diverse membership, including senior representatives from investments, distribution/sales and legal. The Committee is chaired by Linda Giuliano, Senior Vice President and Chief Administrative Officer-Equities.

If you have questions or desire additional information about this Policy, we encourage you to contact the RI Committee at RIinquiries@alliancebernstein.com or reach out to a Committee member:


Erin Bigley:
 
SVP-Fixed Income, New York
Alex Chaloff:
 
SVP-Private Client, Los Angeles
Nicholas Davidson:
 
SVP-Value, London
Kathy Fisher:
 
SVP-Private Client, New York
Linda Giuliano:
 
SVP-Equities, New York
Christopher Kotowicz:
 
VP-Growth, Chicago
David Lesser:
 
VP-Legal, New York
Mark Manley:
 
SVP-Legal, New York
Takuji Oya:
 
VP-Growth, Japan
Guy Prochilo:
 
SVP-Institutional Investments, New York
Nitish Sharma:
 
VP-Institutional Investments, Australia
Liz Smith:
 
SVP-Institutional Investments, New York
Willem Van Gijzen:
 
VP-Institutional Investments, Netherlands









 

 
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