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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2012
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies  
Basis of Presentation

 

 

Our consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. Our operations are considered to fall within a single industry segment, which is the acquisition, development, exploitation and production of natural gas and crude oil properties in the United States.  All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation.  Certain reclassifications have been made to the prior year financial statements to conform to the current year presentation.  Significant policies are discussed below.

Subsidiary Guarantee

 

 

Crimson Exploration Inc., as the parent company (the “Parent Company”), filed a registration statement on Form S-3 with the SEC to register, among other securities, debt securities that the Parent Company may issue from time to time. Crimson Exploration Operating, Inc. (the “Subsidiary”) is a Co-Registrant with the Parent Company under the registration statement, and the registration statement also registered guarantees of debt securities by the Subsidiary.  The Subsidiary is wholly-owned by the Parent Company and any guarantee by the Subsidiary will be full and unconditional.  The Parent Company has no assets or operations independent of the Subsidiary, and there are no significant restrictions upon the ability of the Subsidiary to distribute funds to the Parent Company.  The Parent Company has one other wholly-owned subsidiary that is inactive.  Finally, the Parent Company’s wholly-owned subsidiaries do not have restricted assets that exceed 25% of net assets as of the most recent fiscal year end that may not be transferred to the Parent Company in the form of loans, advances or cash dividends by the subsidiary without the consent of a third party.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

 

 

We consider all highly liquid investment instruments purchased with remaining maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents for purposes of the consolidated statements of cash flows and other statements.  We maintain cash on deposit in non-interest bearing accounts, which, at times, exceed federally insured limits.  We have not experienced any losses on such accounts and believe we are not exposed to any significant credit risk on cash and equivalents.

Oil and Gas Properties

 

 

We use the successful efforts method of accounting for natural gas and crude oil producing activities.  Costs to acquire mineral interests in natural gas and crude oil properties are capitalized.  Costs to drill and develop development wells and costs to drill and develop exploratory wells that find proved reserves are also capitalized.  Costs to drill exploratory wells are capitalized pending determination of whether the well has found proved reserves in economically producible quantities.  We assess the status of suspended exploratory well costs on a quarterly basis.  Costs to drill exploratory wells that do not find proved reserves, delay rentals and geological and geophysical costs are expensed (except those costs used to determine a drill site location).  The costs of unproved leaseholds, including interest costs associated with in-progress period activities incurred prior to bringing those projects to their intended use, are capitalized pending the results of exploration efforts.

 

Gains and losses on disposal or retirements that are significant are included in income from operations on our Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Oil and Gas Reserves

 

 

The estimates of proved crude oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids reserves utilized in the preparation of the financial statements are estimated in accordance with guidelines established by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”), which require that reserve estimates be prepared under existing economic and operating conditions using a 12-month average price with no provision for price and cost escalations in future years except by contractual arrangements.

 

We emphasize that reserve estimates are inherently imprecise.  Accordingly, the estimates are expected to change as more current information becomes available.  Our policy is to deplete capitalized crude oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids costs on the unit of production method, based upon these reserve estimates.  It is possible that, because of changes in market conditions or the inherent imprecise nature of these reserve estimates, that the estimates of future cash inflows, future gross revenues, the amount of crude oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids reserves, the remaining estimated lives of the natural gas and crude oil properties, or any combination of the above may be increased or reduced.  See Note 18 — “Oil and Gas Reserves (unaudited)” for further information.

Other Property and Equipment

 

 

Other property and equipment consist primarily of furniture and fixtures, field vehicles, office equipment, computer equipment and software.

Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization

 

 

Depreciation, depletion and amortization (“DD&A”) of capitalized drilling and development costs of producing natural gas and crude oil properties, including related support equipment and facilities and net of salvage value, are computed using the unit-of-production method on a field basis based on total estimated proved developed natural gas and crude oil reserves.  Amortization of producing leaseholds is based on the unit-of-production method using total estimated proved reserves.  Upon sale or retirement of properties, the cost and related accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization are eliminated from the accounts and the resulting gain or loss, if any, is recognized. Unit-of-production rates are revised whenever there is an indication of a need, but at least annually.  Revisions are accounted for prospectively as changes in accounting estimates.

 

Other property and equipment are depreciated using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives which range between 3 and 13 years.

Impairment of Oil and Gas Properties

 

 

Proved natural gas and crude oil properties are assessed quarterly on a field-by-field basis for indicators of impairment, such as decreases in commodity prices, production or reserves or relinquished acreage.  Proved natural gas and crude oil properties are tested for impairments when impairment indicators indicate a possible decline in the recoverability of the carrying value of such property.  Impairments, measured using fair market value, are recognized whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of long-lived assets may not be recoverable and the future undiscounted cash flows attributable to the asset are less than its carrying value.  Estimated fair values are determined using discounted cash flow models and appropriate market data.  The discounted cash flow models include management’s estimates of future oil and gas production, commodity prices based on forward commodity price curves as of the date of the estimate, operating and development costs, and discount rates.  Appropriate market data may include recent transactions for similar properties or a dollar amount for hydrocarbon reserves or production.

 

Unproved properties whose acquisition costs are individually significant are assessed for impairment quarterly on a property-by-property basis.  Unproved properties whose acquisition costs are not individually significant are amortized in the aggregate over the lesser of three years or the average remaining lease term. As exploration work progresses and the reserves on significant properties are proven, capitalized costs of these properties will be subject to depreciation and depletion.  If the exploration work is unsuccessful, the capitalized costs of the properties related to the unsuccessful work will be charged to exploration expense.  The timing of any write-downs of these unproven properties, if warranted, depends upon the nature, timing and extent of future exploration and development activities and their results.  See Note 4 - “Oil and Gas Properties” for further information.

Asset Retirement Obligations

 

 

We recognize an estimated liability for the plugging and abandonment of our natural gas and crude oil wells and associated pipelines and equipment.  The liability and the associated increase in the related long-lived asset are recorded in the period in which the related assets are placed in service or acquired.  The liability is accreted to its present value each period and the capitalized cost is depleted over the useful life of the related asset.  The accretion expense is included in depreciation, depletion and amortization expense.

 

The estimated liability is based on historical experience in plugging and abandoning wells.  The estimated remaining lives of the wells is based on reserve life estimates and federal and state regulatory requirements.  The liability is discounted using an assumed credit-adjusted risk-free rate.

 

Revisions to the liability could occur due to changes in estimates of plugging and abandonment costs, changes in the risk-free rate or changes in the remaining lives of the wells, or if federal or state regulators enact new plugging and abandonment requirements.  At the time of abandonment, we recognize a gain or loss on abandonment to the extent that actual costs do not equal the estimated costs.  This gain or loss on abandonment is included in impairment and abandonment of oil and gas properties expense.  See Note 8 — “Asset Retirement Obligations” for further information.

Revenue Recognition and Oil and Gas Imbalances

 

 

We follow the “sales” method of accounting for crude oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids revenues.  Under this method, we recognize revenues on production as it is taken and delivered to its purchasers.  The volumes sold may be more or less than the volumes to which we are entitled based on our ownership interest in the property.  These differences result in a condition known in the industry as a production imbalance.  Our crude oil and natural gas imbalances are not significant.

Trade Accounts Receivable

 

 

We grant credit to creditworthy independent and major natural gas and crude oil marketing companies for the sale of crude oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids.  In addition, we grant credit to our oil and gas working interest partners.  Receivables from our working interest partners are generally secured by the underlying ownership interests in the properties.

 

The accounts receivable (“A/R”) balance at year-end primarily relates to A/R Trade (net of allowance for doubtful accounts), A/R joint interest billing (net of legal suspense/prepayments from partners), Accrued revenue (two months for operated properties, three months for non-operated properties), and A/R Other.  Accrued revenue is recorded net to our interest (excludes outside interest holders).

 

The allowance for doubtful accounts is recognized by management based upon a review of specific customer balances, historical losses and general economic conditions.

Fair Value Measurements

 

 

Accounting guidance establishes a single authoritative definition of fair value based upon the assumptions market participants would use when pricing an asset or liability and creates a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the information used to develop those assumptions.  Additional disclosures are required, including disclosures of fair value measurements by level within the fair value hierarchy.  We incorporate a credit risk assumption into the measurement of certain assets and liabilities.  See Note 5 — “Fair Value Measurements” for further information.

Accounting for Commodity Derivative Instruments

 

 

We account for our commodity derivative instruments using mark-to-market accounting and recognize all gains and losses in earnings during the period in which they occur. Derivative instruments with settlement dates within one year are presented as current whereas derivative instruments with settlement dates exceeding one year are presented as non-current.  For each counterparty, we calculate a net asset or liability for current and non-current derivative instruments, respectively, based on settlement dates within the respective contracts. See Note 6 — “Derivative Instruments” for further information.

Debt Issuance Costs

 

 

Debt issuance costs incurred are capitalized and subsequently amortized over the term of the related debt.

Share-Based Compensation

 

 

We measure the grant date fair value of stock options and other stock-based compensation issued to employees and directors and expense the fair value over the requisite service period of the award.  It is our policy to issue new shares for any options exercised.  We use the Black-Scholes option pricing model to measure the fair value of stock options.

 

We estimate forfeitures based on historical data in calculating the expense related to stock-based compensation as opposed to recognizing forfeitures as they occur.  All of our unvested options are held by our executive officers, employees and directors.  See Note 12 — “Share-Based Compensation” for further information.

Income Taxes

 

 

Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized when items of income and expense are recognized in the financial statements in different periods than when recognized in the applicable tax return. Deferred tax assets arise when expenses are recognized in the financial statements before the tax returns or when income items are recognized in the tax return prior to the financial statements. Deferred tax assets also arise when operating losses or tax credits are available to offset tax payments due in future years. Deferred tax liabilities arise when income items are recognized in the financial statements before the tax returns or when expenses are recognized in the tax return prior to the financial statements. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the date when the change in the tax rate was enacted.

 

We routinely assess the realizability of our deferred tax assets.  If we conclude that it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized under accounting standards, the tax asset is reduced by a valuation allowance.  In addition we routinely assess uncertain tax positions, and accrue for tax positions that are not more-likely-than-not to be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities.  See Note 15 - “Income Taxes” for further information.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

 

 

In December 2011, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2011—11 “Balance Sheet (Topic 210): Disclosures about Offsetting Assets and Liabilities. This accounting update requires that an entity disclose information about offsetting and related arrangements to enable users of its financial statements to understand the effect of those arrangements on its financial position.  The accounting update is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2013. We are currently evaluating the provisions of this accounting update and assessing the impact, if any, it may have on our financial position and results of operations.