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Debt
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2015
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]  
Debt
Debt.
Debt consists of the following:
 
December 31,
 
2015
 
2014
 
(in millions)
5.875% senior unsecured notes due 2022 - Icahn Enterprises/Icahn Enterprises Holdings
$
1,339

 
$
1,337

6.00% senior unsecured notes due 2020 - Icahn Enterprises/Icahn Enterprises Holdings
1,707

 
1,708

4.875% senior unsecured notes due 2019 - Icahn Enterprises/Icahn Enterprises Holdings
1,271

 
1,270

3.50% senior unsecured notes due 2017 - Icahn Enterprises/Icahn Enterprises Holdings
1,173

 
1,171

Debt facilities - Automotive
2,974

 
2,584

Debt facilities - Energy
625

 
625

Debt and credit facilities - Railcar
2,684

 
2,133

Credit facilities - Gaming
292

 
295

Credit facilities - Food Packaging
270

 
272

Other
298

 
193

 
$
12,633

 
$
11,588


Senior Unsecured Notes - Icahn Enterprises and Icahn Enterprises Holdings
5.875% Senior Unsecured Notes Due 2022
On January 29, 2014, we and a wholly owned subsidiary of ours, Icahn Enterprises Finance Corp. (“Icahn Enterprises Finance”), (collectively, the “Issuers”), issued $1.350 billion in aggregate principal amount of 5.875% Senior Notes due 2022 (the “2022 Notes”) pursuant to the purchase agreement, dated January 22, 2014 (the “2022 Notes Purchase Agreement”), by and among the Issuers, Icahn Enterprises Holdings, as guarantor, and Jefferies LLC, as initial purchaser (the “2022 Notes Purchaser”). The 2022 Notes were priced at 100.000% of their face amount.  The net proceeds from the sale of the 2022 Notes were approximately $1.340 billion after deducting the initial purchaser’s discount and commission and estimated fees and expenses related to the offering. Interest on the 2022 Notes will be payable on February 1 and August 1 of each year, commencing August 1, 2014. The 2022 Notes Purchase Agreement contains customary representations, warranties and covenants of the parties and indemnification and contribution provisions whereby the Issuers and the Guarantor, on the one hand, and the 2022 Notes Purchaser, on the other, have agreed to indemnify each other against certain liabilities.
The Issuers issued the 2022 Notes under the indenture dated as of January 29, 2014 (the “2022 Indenture”), among the Issuers, Icahn Enterprises Holdings, as guarantor (the “Guarantor”), and Wilmington Trust Company, as trustee. The 2022 Indenture contains customary events of defaults and covenants relating to, among other things, the incurrence of debt, affiliate transactions, liens and restricted payments.  Prior to the maturity of the 2022 Notes, the Issuers may redeem some or all of the 2022 Notes at certain times by paying a premium as specified in the 2022 Indenture, plus accrued and unpaid interest.
The 2022 Notes and the related guarantee are the senior unsecured obligations of the Issuers and rank equally with all of the Issuers’ and the Guarantor’s existing and future senior unsecured indebtedness and senior to all of the Issuers’ and the Guarantor’s existing and future subordinated indebtedness.  The 2022 Notes and the related guarantee are effectively subordinated to the Issuers’ and the Guarantor’s existing and future secured indebtedness to the extent of the collateral securing such indebtedness.  The 2022 Notes and the related guarantee are also effectively subordinated to all indebtedness and other liabilities of the Issuers’ subsidiaries other than the Guarantor.
In connection with the sale of the 2022 Notes, the Issuers and the Guarantor entered into a certain registration rights agreement dated January 29, 2014. See below for further discussion of this registration rights agreement.
6.00% Senior Unsecured Notes Due 2020
On August 1, 2013, the Issuers issued $500 million aggregate principal amount of 6% Senior Notes due 2020 (the “Initial 2020 Notes”) pursuant to the purchase agreement, dated July 29, 2013, by and among the Issuers, Icahn Enterprises Holdings, as guarantor, and Jefferies & Company, Inc., as initial purchaser. In addition, as described below, on January 21, 2014, the Issuers issued $1.200 billion in aggregate principal amount of 6% Senior Notes due 2020 (the "Additional 2020 Notes" and together with the Initial 2020 Notes, the "2020 Notes") pursuant to the purchase agreement, dated January 8, 2014, by and among the Issuers, the Guarantor, and Citigroup Global Markets Inc., Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC, Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, Jefferies LLC and UBS Securities LLC, as initial purchasers. The net proceeds from the sale of the Initial 2020 Notes and the Additional 2020 Notes were $493 million and approximately $1.217 billion, respectively, after deducting the initial purchasers' discount and commission and estimated fees and expenses related to the offerings. The Additional 2020 Notes constitute the same series of securities of the 2020 Notes for purposes of the indenture governing the notes and vote together on all matters with such series. The Additional 2020 Notes have substantially identical terms as the Initial 2020 Notes. Interest on the 2020 Notes is payable on February 1 and August 1 of each year, commencing February 1, 2014.
The 2020 Notes were issued under and are governed by an indenture, dated August 1, 2013 (the “2020 Indenture”), among the Issuers, the Guarantor and Wilmington Trust Company, as trustee. The 2020 Indenture contains customary events of defaults and covenants relating to, among other things, the incurrence of debt, affiliate transactions, liens and restricted payments.  Prior to the maturity of the 2020 Notes, the Issuers may redeem some or all of the 2020 Notes at certain times by paying certain premiums as specified in the 2020 Indenture, plus accrued and unpaid interest.
The 2020 Notes and the related guarantee are the senior unsecured obligations of the Issuers and the Guarantor and rank equally with all of the Issuers' and the Guarantor's existing and future senior unsecured indebtedness and rank senior to all of the Issuers' and the Guarantor's existing and future subordinated indebtedness. The series of notes constituting the 2020 Notes and the related guarantee are effectively subordinated to the Issuers' and the Guarantor's existing and future secured indebtedness to the extent of the collateral securing such indebtedness. The series of notes constituting the 2020 Notes and the related guarantee are also effectively subordinated to all indebtedness and other liabilities of the Issuers' subsidiaries other than the Guarantor.
In connection with the issuance of the Initial 2020 Notes on August 1, 2013, the Issuers and the Guarantor entered into a registration rights agreement dated August 1, 2013. On September 26, 2013, we filed an initial registration statement on Form S-4 with respect to the Initial 2020 Notes for the sole purpose of exchanging the unregistered Initial 2020 Notes for notes that are registered with the SEC ("Exchange Notes"). The exchange offer registration statement on Form S-4 with respect to the Initial 2020 Notes was declared effective on December 9, 2013. Pursuant to the registration rights agreement dated August 1, 2013, we subsequently commenced the exchange offer to exchange the Initial 2020 Notes for Exchange Notes, which exchange offer expired on January 15, 2014. All of the Initial 2020 Notes were properly tendered in the exchange offer and accepted by us in exchange for the Exchange Notes.
In connection with the sale of the Additional 2020 Notes, the Issuers and the Guarantor entered into a certain registration rights agreement dated January 29, 2014. See below for further discussion of this registration rights agreement.
4.875% Senior Unsecured Notes Due 2019 and 3.50% Senior Notes due 2017
On January 21, 2014, the Issuers issued $1.275 billion in aggregate principal amount of our 4.875% Senior Notes due 2019 (the “2019 Notes”) and $1.175 billion in aggregate principal amount of our 3.500% Senior Notes due 2017 (the “2017 Notes”) pursuant to the purchase agreement, dated January 8, 2014, by and among the Issuers, Icahn Enterprises Holdings, as guarantor, and Citigroup Global Markets Inc., Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC, Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, Jefferies LLC and UBS Securities LLC, as initial purchasers (the “New Notes Purchasers”). The net proceeds from the sale of the 2019 Notes and the 2017 Notes were $1.269 billion and $1.169 billion, respectively, after deducting the initial purchasers' discount and commission and estimated fees and expenses related to the offering. Interest on the 2019 Notes and the 2017 Notes is payable on March 15 and September 15 of each year and commenced September 15, 2014.
We used the proceeds from the issuance of the Additional 2020 Notes, the 2019 Notes, and the 2017 Notes to refinance our 2010-2012 Notes (as defined below). As a result of this refinancing, we purchased $3.500 billion aggregate principal of the 2010-2012 Notes and recognized a loss of $108 million on extinguishment of debt during the first quarter of 2014, and is reflected in other income, net in the consolidated statements of operations. The 2016 Notes (as defined below) and the 2018 Notes (as defined below) comprising the 2010-2012 Notes were discharged in full on February 6, 2014.
The Issuers issued the 2019 Notes and the 2017 Notes under an indenture dated as of January 21, 2014 (the “2017 and 2019 Indenture”), among the Issuers, Icahn Enterprises Holdings, as guarantor, and Wilmington Trust Company, as trustee. The 2017 and 2019 Indenture contains customary events of defaults and covenants relating to, among other things, the incurrence of debt, affiliate transactions, liens and restricted payments.  Prior to the maturity of the 2017 or 2019 Notes, the Issuers may redeem either the 2017 or 2019 Notes by paying certain premiums as specified in the applicable 2017 or 2022 Indenture, plus accrued and unpaid interest as applicable.
In connection with the sale of the Additional 2020 Notes, the 2019 Notes and the 2017 Notes (collectively, the "New Notes") and the 2022 Notes, the Issuers and the Guarantor entered into two registration rights agreements, one dated January 21, 2014 and the other January 29, 2014 (the “Registration Rights Agreements”), with the New Notes Purchasers and the 2022 Notes Purchaser, respectively.  Pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreements, on March 28, 2014, we filed an initial Form S-4 with respect to the New Notes and 2022 Notes for the sole purpose of exchanging the unregistered New Notes and the 2022 Notes for Exchange Notes. The exchange offer registration statement on Form S-4 with respect to the New Notes and the 2022 Notes was declared effective on April 24, 2014. Pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreements, we subsequently commenced the exchange offer to exchange the New Notes and the 2022 Notes for Exchange Notes which exchange offer expired on May 23, 2014. Substantially all of the New Notes and 2022 Notes were properly tendered in the exchange offer and accepted by us in exchange for registered Exchange Notes.
Senior Unsecured Notes Restrictions and Covenants
The indentures governing both the New Notes and the 2022 Notes restrict the payment of cash distributions, the purchase of equity interests or the purchase, redemption, defeasance or acquisition of debt subordinated to the senior unsecured notes. The indentures also restrict the incurrence of debt or the issuance of disqualified stock, as defined in the indentures, with certain exceptions. In addition, the indentures require that on each quarterly determination date we and the guarantor of the notes (currently only Icahn Enterprises Holdings) maintain certain minimum financial ratios, as defined therein. The indentures also restrict the creation of liens, mergers, consolidations and sales of substantially all of our assets, and transactions with affiliates.
As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, we were in compliance with all covenants, including maintaining certain minimum financial ratios, as defined in the indentures. Additionally, as of December 31, 2015, based on covenants in the indentures governing our senior unsecured notes, we are not permitted to incur additional indebtedness.
Debt Facilities - Automotive
Federal-Mogul
On December 6, 2013, Federal-Mogul entered into an amendment (the “Federal-Mogul Revolver Amendment”) of its Term Loan and Revolving Credit Agreement dated as of December 27, 2007 (as amended, the “Federal-Mogul Credit Agreement”) to amend its existing revolving credit facility to provide for a replacement revolving credit facility (the “Federal-Mogul Replacement Revolving Facility”). The Federal-Mogul Revolver Amendment, among other things, (i) increased the aggregate commitments available under the Federal-Mogul Replacement Revolving Facility from $540 million to $550 million, (ii) extended the maturity date of the Federal-Mogul Replacement Revolving Facility to December 6, 2018, subject to certain limited exceptions described below, and (iii) amended Federal-Mogul’s borrowing base to provide it with additional liquidity.
Advances under the Federal-Mogul Replacement Revolving Facility generally bear interest at a variable rate per annum equal to (i) the Alternate Base Rate (as defined in the Federal-Mogul Credit Agreement) plus an adjustable margin of 0.50% to 1.00% based on the average monthly availability under the Federal-Mogul Replacement Revolving Facility or (ii) Adjusted LIBOR Rate (as defined in the Federal-Mogul Credit Agreement) plus a margin of 1.50% to 2.00%based on the average monthly availability under the Federal-Mogul Replacement Revolving Facility. An unused commitment fee of 0.375% also is payable under the terms of the Federal-Mogul Replacement Revolving Facility.
Amendment to Credit Agreement
On April 15, 2014, Federal-Mogul Holdings Corporation entered into a tranche B term loan facility (the “ Tranche B Facility”) and a tranche C term loan facility (the “ Tranche C Facility,” and together with the Tranche B Facility, the “ Federal-Mogul Term Facilities”), and assumed all of the obligations of Federal-Mogul Corporation with respect to the Federal-Mogul Replacement Revolving Facility. The Federal-Mogul Term Facilities were entered into, and the Federal-Mogul Replacement Revolving Facility was assumed, by Federal-Mogul Holdings Corporation, pursuant to an amendment dated as of April 15, 2014 to the previously existing Term Loan and Federal-Mogul Credit Agreement dated December 27, 2007. Immediately following the closing of the Federal-Mogul Term Facilities, Federal-Mogul Holdings Corporation contributed all of the net proceeds from the Facilities to Federal-Mogul Corporation, and Federal-Mogul Corporation repaid its existing outstanding indebtedness as a borrower under the tranche B and tranche C term loan facilities. In connection with this debt refinancing, our Automotive segment recognized a non-cash loss on debt extinguishment of $36 million during the year ended December 31, 2014, which was primarily attributable to the write-off of debt discounts, and is reflected in other income, net in the consolidated statements of operations.
The Federal-Mogul Term Facilities, among other things, (i) provide for aggregate commitments under the Tranche B Facility of $700 million with a maturity date of April 15, 2018, (ii) provide for aggregate commitments under the Tranche C Facility of approximately $1.9 billion with a maturity date of April 15, 2021, (iii) increase the interest rates applicable to the Federal-Mogul Facilities as described below, (iv) provide that for all outstanding letters of credit there is a corresponding decrease in borrowings available under the Federal-Mogul Replacement Revolving Facility, (v) provide that in the event that as of a particular determination date more than $700 million aggregate principal amount of existing term loans and certain related refinancing indebtedness will become due within 91 days of such determination date, the Federal-Mogul Replacement Revolving Facility will mature on such determination date, (vi) provide for additional incremental indebtedness, secured on a pari passu basis, of an unlimited amount of additional indebtedness if Federal-Mogul meets a financial covenant incurrence test, and (vii) amend certain other restrictive covenants. Pursuant to the Federal-Mogul Term Facilities, Federal-Mogul Holdings Corporation assumed all of the obligations of Federal-Mogul Corporation with respect to the Federal-Mogul Replacement Revolving Facility.
Advances under the Tranche B Facility generally bear interest at a variable rate per annum equal to (i) the Alternate Base Rate plus a margin of 2.00% or (ii) the Adjusted LIBOR Rate plus a margin of 3.00%, subject, in each case, to a minimum rate of 1.00% plus the applicable margin. Advances under the Tranche C Facility generally bear interest at a variable rate per annum equal to (i) the Alternate Base Rate plus a margin of 2.75% or (ii) the Adjusted LIBOR Rate plus a margin of 3.75%, subject, in each case, to a minimum rate of 1.00% plus the applicable margin.
The obligations of Federal-Mogul under the Federal-Mogul Credit Agreement are guaranteed by substantially all of its domestic subsidiaries and certain foreign subsidiaries, and are secured by substantially all personal property and certain real property of Federal-Mogul and such guarantors, subject to certain limitations. The liens granted to secure these obligations and certain cash management and hedging obligations have first priority.
The Federal-Mogul Credit Agreement contains certain affirmative and negative covenants and events of default, including, subject to certain exceptions, restrictions on incurring additional indebtedness, mandatory prepayment provisions associated with specified asset sales and dispositions, and limitations on: i) investments; ii) certain acquisitions, mergers or consolidations; iii) sale and leaseback transactions; iv) certain transactions with affiliates; and v) dividends and other payments in respect of capital stock. At December 31, 2015 and 2014, Federal-Mogul was in compliance with all debt covenants.
As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, the borrowing availability under the Federal-Mogul Replacement Revolving Facility was $170 million and $516 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2015, the outstanding balance on the Federal-Mogul Replacement Revolving Facility was $340 million. As of December 31, 2014, there were no borrowings outstanding under the Federal-Mogul Replacement Revolving Facility. Federal-Mogul had $40 million and $34 million of letters of credit outstanding as December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively, pertaining to Federal-Mogul's term loan credit facility. To the extent letters of credit associated with the Federal-Mogul Replacement Revolving Facility are issued, there will be a corresponding decrease in borrowings available under this facility.
The weighted average cash interest rates for debt were approximately 4.4% and 4.7% as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
IEH Auto
On November 25, 2015, IEH Auto entered into a senior secured asset based revolving credit facility (the "IEH Auto ABL Credit Facility") with Bank of America as agent, sole lead arranger, and sole bookrunner for $125 million. On January 25, 2016, the ABL Credit Facility was amended and restated to include Citizens Bank as the documentation agent and to increase the revolver commitments to $210 million.  The IEH Auto ABL Credit Facility allows for an increase in borrowings of up to $150 million subject to certain conditions.  The IEH Auto ABL Credit Facility is primarily secured by the IEH Auto’s accounts receivables and inventory
 Borrowings under the IEH Auto ABL Credit Facility bear interest at either a base rate (prime rate plus an applicable margin) or LIBOR plus an applicable margin at the option of IEH Auto. The applicable margin is (i) (a) 1.50% for LIBOR borrowings and (b) 0.50% for prime rate borrowings, in each case if quarterly average excess availability is equal to or exceeds 50% of the lesser of the borrowing base and the total commitments and (ii) (a) 1.75% for LIBOR borrowings and (b) 0.75% for prime rate borrowings, in each case if quarterly average excess availability is less than 50% of the lesser of the borrowing base and the total commitments. The IEH Auto ABL Credit Facility also requires the payment of certain customary fees, including an unused line fee of (i) 0.375% if the daily average revolver usage of revolver commitments is equal to or less than 50% of the lesser of the borrowing base and the total commitments and (ii) 0.25% if the daily average revolver usage revolver commitments is greater than 50% of the lesser of the borrowing base and the total commitments.
 The IEH Auto ABL Credit Facility contains a fixed charge coverage ratio of 1.0 to 1.0 which is measured annually and during certain trigger events. Additional restrictions relate to the ability to incur liens, engage in certain consolidations, mergers, purchases or sales of assets, dividend payments, incur additional indebtedness, make advances, investments and loans, enter into certain affiliate transactions, issue equity interests, or create subsidiaries and unrestricted subsidiaries. As of December 31, 2015, the IEH Auto ABL Facility had a balance of $75 million and $3 million in letters of credit.  As of December 31, 2015, the availability on the IEH Auto ABL Credit Facility was $30 million. As of December 31, 2015 IEH Auto was in compliance with the covenants of the IEH Auto ABL Facility.
Debt and Credit Facilities - Energy
Senior Secured Notes
On January 23, 2013, a portion of the proceeds from CVR Refining's IPO were utilized to satisfy and discharge the indenture governing the CVR Second Lien Secured Notes due 2017 ("CVR Second Lien Notes"). As a result, all of the outstanding CVR Second Lien Notes were redeemed on January 23, 2013 resulting in a gain on extinguishment of debt of $5 million for our Energy segment during 2013.
On October 23, 2012, CVR Refining LLC and its wholly owned subsidiary, Coffeyville Finance Inc., completed a private offering of $500 million in aggregate principal amount of 6.50% Senior Notes due 2022 (the "CVR 2022 Notes"). The CVR 2022 Notes were issued at par. CVR Refining LLC received $493 million of cash proceeds, net of underwriting fees. The CVR 2022 Notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by CVR Refining and each of CVR Refining's existing domestic subsidiaries on a joint and several basis. The CVR 2022 Notes mature on November 1, 2022, unless earlier redeemed or repurchased by the issuers. Interest is payable on the CVR 2022 Notes semi-annually on May 1 and November 1 of each year, commencing on May 1, 2013.
The CVR 2022 Notes contain customary covenants for a financing of this type that limit, subject to certain exceptions, the incurrence of additional indebtedness or guarantees, the creation of liens on assets, the ability to dispose of assets, the ability to make certain payments on contractually subordinated debt, the ability to merge, consolidate with or into another entity and the ability to enter into certain affiliate transactions. The CVR 2022 Notes provide that CVR Refining can make distributions to holders of its common units provided, among other things, it has a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio and there is no default or event of default under the CVR 2022 Notes. As of December 31, 2015, CVR Refining was in compliance with the covenants contained in the CVR 2022 Notes.
Amended and Restated Asset Based (ABL) Credit Facility
CVR Refining has a senior secured asset based revolving credit facility (the "Amended and Restated ABL Credit Facility") with a group of lenders and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association (“Wells Fargo”), as administrative agent and collateral agent. The Amended and Restated ABL Credit Facility has an aggregate principal amount of up to $400 million with an incremental facility, which permits an increase in borrowings of up to $200 million subject to receipt of additional lender commitments and certain other conditions. The proceeds of the loans may be used for capital expenditures and working capital and general corporate purposes of CVR Refining and its subsidiaries. The Amended and Restated ABL Credit Facility provides for loans and letters of credit in an amount up to the aggregate availability under the facility, subject to meeting certain borrowing base conditions, with sub-limits of 10% of the total facility commitment for swingline loans and 90% of the total facility commitment for letters of credit. The Amended and Restated ABL Credit Facility is scheduled to mature on December 20, 2017.
Borrowings under the Amended and Restated ABL Credit Facility bear interest at either a base rate or LIBOR plus an applicable margin. The applicable margin is (i) (a) 1.75% for LIBOR borrowings and (b) 0.75% for prime rate borrowings, in each case if quarterly average excess availability exceeds 50% of the lesser of the borrowing base and the total commitments and (ii) (a) 2.00% for LIBOR borrowings and (b) 1.00% for prime rate borrowings, in each case if quarterly average excess availability is less than or equal to 50% of the lesser of the borrowing base and the total commitments. The Amended and Restated ABL Credit Facility also requires the payment of customary fees, including an unused line fee of (i) 0.40% if the daily average amount of loans and letters of credit outstanding is less than 50% of the lesser of the borrowing base and the total commitments and (ii) 0.30% if the daily average amount of loans and letters of credit outstanding is equal to or greater than 50% of the lesser of the borrowing base and the total commitments. CVR Refining will also be required to pay customary letter of credit fees equal to, for standby letters of credit, the applicable margin on LIBOR loans on the maximum amount available to be drawn under and, for commercial letters of credit, the applicable margin on LIBOR loans less 0.50% on the maximum amount available to be drawn under, and customary facing fees equal to 0.125% of the face amount of, each letter of credit.
The Amended and Restated ABL Credit Facility also contains customary covenants for a financing of this type that limit the ability of CVR Refining and its respective subsidiaries to, among other things, incur liens, engage in a consolidation, merger, purchase or sale of assets, pay dividends, incur indebtedness, make advances, investments and loans, enter into affiliate transactions, issue equity interests, or create subsidiaries and unrestricted subsidiaries. The amended and restated facility also contains a fixed charge coverage ratio financial covenant, as defined therein. CVR Refining was in compliance with the covenants of the Amended and Restated ABL Credit Facility as of December 31, 2015.
As of December 31, 2015, CVR Refining and its subsidiaries had availability under the Amended and Restated ABL Credit Facility of $290 million and had letters of credit outstanding of $28 million. There were no borrowings outstanding under the Amended and Restated ABL Credit Facility as of December 31, 2015. Availability under the Amended and Restated ABL Credit Facility was limited by borrowing base conditions as of December 31, 2015.
CVR Partners Credit Facility
CVR Partner's credit facility includes a term loan facility of $125 million and a revolving credit facility of $25 million, which was undrawn as of December 31, 2015, with an uncommitted incremental facility of up to $50 million. No amounts were outstanding under the revolving credit facility at December 31, 2015. There is no scheduled amortization of the credit facility, which matures in April 2016. CVR Partners is considering capital structures and refinancing options associated with the credit facility maturity.
Borrowings under the credit facility bear interest based on a pricing grid determined by the trailing four quarter leverage ratio. The initial pricing for Eurodollar rate loans under the credit facility is the Eurodollar rate plus a margin of 3.50% or, for base rate loans, the prime rate plus 2.50%. Under its terms, the lenders under the credit facility were granted a first priority security interest (subject to certain customary exceptions) in substantially all of the assets of CRNF and CVR Partners. At December 31, 2015, the effective interest rate was approximately 4.60%.
The credit facility requires CVR Partners to maintain a minimum interest coverage ratio and a maximum leverage ratio and contains customary covenants for a financing of this type that limit, subject to certain exceptions, the incurrence of additional indebtedness or guarantees, the incurrence of liens, disposal of assets, making restricted payments, making investments or acquisitions and entry into sale-leaseback transactions or affiliate transactions. The credit facility provides that CVR Partners can make distributions to holders of its common units provided, among other things, it is in compliance with the leverage ratio and interest coverage ratio on a pro forma basis after giving effect to any distribution and there is no default or event of default under the credit facility. As of December 31, 2015, CRNF was in compliance with the covenants contained in the credit facility.
On February 9, 2016, CRLLC and CVR Partners entered into a guaranty, pursuant to which CRLLC agreed to guaranty the indebtedness outstanding under CVR Partners' credit facility. If the credit facility becomes due prior to a refinancing by CVR Partners, CRLLC is required to pay the indebtedness pursuant to this guaranty. CVR Partners' obligation to repay CRLLC for the indebtedness will be pursuant to a promissory note ("the CVR Partners Note"). The terms of the CVR Partners Note will be mutually agreed upon by the parties, provided, the term will be the lesser of two years or such time that CVR Partners obtains third-party financing ("New CVR Partners Debt") of at least $125 million on terms acceptable to CVR Partners with a term of greater than one year from the inception of the New CVR Partners Debt.
Debt and Credit Facilities - Railcar
ARI
2014 Lease Fleet Financing
In January 2014, ARI, through its wholly owned subsidiary, Longtrain Leasing I, LLC ("Longtrain Leasing I") refinanced a certain term loan (the "Original ARI Term Loan") under an amended and restated credit agreement to, among other provisions, increase the aggregate borrowings available thereunder. In connection with the refinancing, Longtrain Leasing I received borrowings of $316 million, net of fees and expenses (the "ARI Refinanced Term Loan"). Of this amount, $194 million was used to refinance the Original ARI Term Loan, resulting in net proceeds of $122 million. In conjunction with the refinancing, ARI incurred a $2 million loss on extinguishment of debt in 2014, which is reflected in other income, net in our consolidated statements of operations. As of December 31, 2014, the outstanding principal balance on the ARI Refinanced Term Loan was $309 million. In connection with the lease fleet financing as discussed below, the ARI Refinanced Term Loan was repaid in full during the first quarter of 2015.
In October 2014, ARI, through Longtrain Leasing II LLC ("Longtrain Leasing II"), a wholly owned subsidiary of ARI, entered into a lease fleet financing facility for $100 million under a term loan agreement ("Longtrain Leasing II Term Loan") in order to support the growth of its leasing business. The Longtrain Leasing II Term Loan was scheduled to mature in April 2015. As of December 31, 2014, the outstanding principal balance on the Longtrain Leasing II Term Loan was $100 million. In connection with the lease fleet financing transaction as discussed below, the Longtrain Leasing II Term Loan was repaid in full during the first quarter of 2015.
2015 Lease Fleet Financing
On January 29, 2015, ARI refinanced its lease fleet financing facilities to, among other things, increase the aggregate borrowings thereunder. In connection with the refinancing, Longtrain Leasing III LLC ("Longtrain Leasing III") completed a private placement of $626 million in aggregate principal amount of notes consisting of $250 million in aggregate principal amount of its 2.98% Fixed Rate Secured Railcar Equipment Notes, Class A-1 ("ARI Class A-1 Notes") and $376 million in aggregate principal amount of its 4.06% Fixed Rate Secured Railcar Equipment Notes, Class A-2 ("ARI Class A-2 Notes", and collectively with the ARI Class A-1 Notes, the "ARI 2015 Notes"). Of the aggregate principal amount, $409 million was used to refinance ARI's lease fleet financing facilities, resulting in net proceeds of $212 million. In conjunction with the refinancing, our Railcar segment incurred a $2 million loss on debt extinguishment, which is reflected in other income, net in the consolidated statements of operations. This non-cash charge is related to the accelerated write-off of deferred debt issuance costs incurred in connection with the Longtrain Leasing I and Longtrain Leasing II lease fleet financings. As of December 31, 2015, the outstanding principal balance on the ARI 2015 Notes was $601 million. The ARI 2015 Notes have a legal final maturity date of January 17, 2045 and an expected principal repayment date of January 15, 2025.
The ARI 2015 Notes were issued pursuant to a certain indenture (the "ARI Indenture), dated January 29, 2015 between Longtrain Leasing III and U.S. Bank National Association, as indenture trustee ("ARI Indenture Trustee"). The ARI Class A-1 Notes bear interest at a fixed rate of 2.98% per annum, and the ARI Class A-2 Notes bear interest at a fixed rate of 4.06% per annum. Interest on the ARI 2015 Notes is payable monthly on the 15th calendar day of each month in accordance with the flow of funds provisions described in the ARI Indenture. While the legal final maturity date of the ARI 2015 Notes is January 17, 2045, cash flows from Longtrain Leasing III's assets will be applied, pursuant to the flow of funds provisions of the ARI Indenture, so as to achieve monthly targeted principal balances. Also, under the flow of funds provisions of the ARI Indenture, early amortization of the ARI 2015 Notes may be required in certain circumstances. If the ARI 2015 Notes are not repaid by the expected principal repayment date on January 15, 2025, additional interest will accrue at a rate of 5.0% per annum and be payable monthly according to the flow of funds. Pursuant to the terms of the ARI Indenture, ARI is required to maintain deposits in a liquidity reserve bank account equal to nine months of interest payments. As of December 31, 2015, the liquidity reserve amount was $17 million, and included within restricted cash on the consolidated balance sheets.
Longtrain Leasing III can prepay or redeem the ARI Class A-1 Notes, in whole or in part, on any payment date and the ARI Class A-2 Notes, in whole or in part, on any payment date occurring on or after January 16, 2018.
The Indenture contains covenants which limit, among other things, Longtrain Leasing III's ability to incur additional indebtedness or encumbrances on its assets, pay dividends or make distributions, make certain investments, perform its business other than specified activities, enter into certain types of transactions with its affiliates, and sell assets or consolidate or merge with or into other companies. These covenants are subject to a number of exceptions and qualifications. ARI was in compliance with all of these covenants as of December 31, 2015.
The ARI Indenture also contains certain customary events of default, including among others, failure to pay amounts when due after applicable grace periods, failure to comply with certain covenants and agreements, and certain events of bankruptcy or insolvency. Certain events of default under the ARI Indenture will make the outstanding principal balance and accrued interest on the ARI 2015 Notes, together with all amounts then due and owing to the noteholders, immediately due and payable without further action. For other events of default, the ARI Indenture Trustee, acting at the direction of a majority of the noteholders, may declare the principal of and accrued interest on all ARI 2015 Notes then outstanding to be due and payable immediately.
2015 Revolving Credit Facility
In December 2015, ARI completed a financing of its railcar lease fleet with availability of up to $200 million under a credit agreement ("ARI 2015 Credit Agreement"). The initial amount drawn from the revolving credit facility ("ARI Revolving Loan") obtained at closing amounted to $100 million, net of fees and expenses. In February 2016, ARI repaid amounts outstanding under the ARI Revolving Loan in full and as of the date of this Report, ARI had borrowing availability of $200 million under the ARI Revolving Loan.
The ARI Revolving Loan accrues interest at a rate per annum equal to Adjusted LIBOR (as defined in the ARI 2015 Credit Agreement) for the applicable interest period, plus 1.45%, for a rate of 1.9% as of December 31, 2015. Interest is payable on the last day of each 1, 2, or 3-month interest period, the day of any mandatory prepayment, and the maturity date.
The ARI Revolving Loan and the other obligations under the ARI 2015 Credit Agreement are fully recourse to ARI and are secured by a first lien and security interest on certain specified railcars (together with specified replacement railcars), related leases, related receivables and related assets, subject to limited exceptions, a controlled bank account, and following an election by ARI, the Railcar Management Agreement with ARL.
Subject to the provisions of the ARI 2015 Credit Agreement, the ARI Revolving Loan may be borrowed and reborrowed until the maturity date. The ARI Revolving Loan may be prepaid at ARI's option at any time without premium or penalty (other than customary LIBOR breakage fees and customary reimbursement of increased costs). The final scheduled maturity of the ARI Revolving Loan is December 10, 2018, or such earlier date as provided in the Credit Agreement. ARI was in compliance with all of its covenants under the ARI 2015 Credit Agreement as of December 31, 2015.
As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, the net book value of the railcars that were pledged as part of the Lease Fleet Financings was $564 million and $277 million, respectively.
ARL
Revolving Credit Facilities
On December 19, 2014, ARL closed on the Citizen's Bank revolving credit facility (the "Citizen Bank Revolver"), with Citizen Bank's as the administrative agent, along with several other participating banks, replacing the ARL Sovereign Revolver.  The capacity of the Citizen Bank Revolver is $250 million.  In addition, under certain circumstances, ARL has the ability to increase the Citizen Bank Revolver credit availability by $100 million to a total availability of $350 million.  The Citizen Bank Revolver bears interest of LIBOR plus1.45% with a maturity date of December 19, 2017.  The Citizen Bank Revolver is secured by railcars and related leases and lease receivables and is subject to certain covenants, including maintenance of certain financial ratios related to net worth, utilization and loan to value.  As of December 31, 2015 there were $250 million borrowings under the Citizen Bank Revolver. As of December 31, 2014, there were no borrowings under the Citizen Bank Revolver. In addition, as of both December 31, 2015 and 2014, ARL was in compliance with all covenants of the Citizen Bank Revolver.
Term Notes
ARL and its wholly owned subsidiaries have various term loans, all of which are non-recourse to us, some of which bear interest at variable rates based on LIBOR and have maturities between July 14, 2014 and July 16, 2019, and the rest bear interest at rates between 3.35% and 6.95% and have maturities between July 28, 2014 and February 25, 2020. Substantially all of the term loans are secured by railcars and related leases and lease receivables and are subject to certain covenants, including maintenance of certain financial ratios related to net worth, utilization and loan to value.
On February 21, 2014, NCF I, LLC, a subsidiary of ARL, entered into a $250 million term loan (the “NCF I Term Loan”) with Key Equipment Finance, a division of KeyBank National Association. The NCF I Term Loan matures on February 21, 2019. Interest shall accrue on the principal balance at the rate of 30-day LIBOR plus 2.0%, with the rate to reset monthly that is payable monthly, commencing on March 20, 2014.
On February 25, 2014, NCF II, LLC, a subsidiary of ARL, entered into a $135 million term loan (the “NCF II Term Loan”) with AIG Commercial Asset Finance. The NCF II Term Loan matures on February 25, 2020. Interest shall accrue on the principal balance at the rate of 3.7% that is payable monthly, commencing on March 25, 2014.
The NCF I Term Loan and NCF II Term Loan are each subject to a maximum 80% loan to value ratio, to be measured monthly and verified annually by collateral appraisal. Both of the NCF I Term Loan and the NCF II Term Loan are secured by railcar assets and guaranteed by an affiliated company and includes a tangible net worth covenant for the guarantor, among other covenants.
As required by the ARL Contribution Agreement, the NCF I Term Loan and the NCF II Term Loans were incurred to finance ARL’s distribution of $381 million of cash to IRL Holding LLC, an affiliate of Mr. Icahn, which occurred on February 26, 2014.
On March 27, 2014, RCF 2014, LLC, a subsidiary of ARL, entered into a $300 million term loan (the “RCF Term Loan”) with the Royal Bank of Scotland PLC. Proceeds of the RCF Term Loan, along with $256 million in cash, were used to pay off a certain term note that matured in March 2014 with a certain subsidiary of ARL. The RCF Term Loan matures on September 27, 2014. Interest shall accrue on the principal balance at the rate of 30-day LIBOR plus 1.45%, with the rate to reset monthly and is payable monthly, commencing on April 15, 2014. The RCF Term Loan is secured by railcars and related leases and lease receivables and is subject to certain covenants, including maintenance of certain financial ratios related to net worth, utilization and loan to value. During September 2014, as discussed below, a portion of the proceeds from the Credit Agricole Term Loan (as defined below) were used to pay off in full the RCF Term Loan.
On June 23, 2014, ARL entered into a certain $12 million term loan (the “Midland Term Loan”). The Midland Term Loan matures on July 1, 2015. On December 23, 2014, ARL entered into an amendment to the Midland Term Loan, which extended the maturity to July 1, 2019. Interest accrues on the principal balance at the rate of 30-day LIBOR plus 2.0%, with the rate to reset monthly, and is payable monthly, commencing on August 1, 2014. The Midland Term Loan is subject to a maximum 85% loan to value ratio and is secured by railcar assets.
On September 3, 2014, RCF 2014, LLC, a subsidiary of ARL, entered into a $375 million term loan with Credit Agricole Corporate and Investment Bank ("Credit Agricole Term Loan") with a maturity date of September 3, 2021. Interest shall accrue on the principal balance of the loan at the rate of 30-day LIBOR plus 1.75%, with the rate to reset monthly. The loan is payable monthly, commencing on October 3, 2014.  Proceeds from the Credit Agricole Term Loan were used to pay off the RCF Term Loan and a certain revolving credit facility with Sovereign Bank.
During the third quarter of 2014, ARL entered into two separate term loan arrangements aggregating $62 million with two financial institutions. These term loans have variable interest rates at 30-day LIBOR plus an applicable margin and have maturity dates of October 1, 2019 and October 26, 2021.
During the fourth quarter of 2015, ARL entered into four separate term loan arrangements aggregating $191 million with four financial institutions. These term loans have variable interest rates at 30-day LIBOR plus an applicable margin and have maturity dates ranging from March 29, 2016 to October 30, 2022.
The 30-day LIBOR rate was 0.44% and 0.17% at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. ARL's average interest rate on all of its borrowings was 3.41% and 3.16% for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
As of December 31, 2015, ARL and its wholly owned subsidiaries were in compliance with all debt covenants with respect to all of their term loans.
Bond Securitizations
On December 12, 2012, a subsidiary of ARL entered into a bond securitization transaction with RBS Securities, Inc. ("RBS") as the initial purchaser of the $110 million principal amount of the Floating Secured Railcar Equipment Notes, Class A-1 ("ARL 2012 Class A-1 Notes"), and the $106 million principal amount of the Fixed Rate Secured Railcar Equipment Notes, Class A-2 ("ARL 2012 Class A-2 Notes") and, together with the ARL Class A-1 Notes, collectively referred to herein as the "ARL 2012 Bond Securitization Notes"). The ARL 2012 Class A-1 Notes bear interest of LIBOR plus 1.75%; the ARL 2012 Class A-2 Notes bear a fixed interest rate of 3.81%. Interest on each of the ARL 2012 Bond Securitization Notes are payable on the 15th calendar day of each month starting on January 15, 2013. The expected principal repayment date for the ARL 2012 Bond Securitization Notes is December 15, 2022 and the legal final maturity date for the ARL 2012 Bond Securitization Notes is December 15, 2042.
On June 25, 2014, a certain subsidiary of ARL entered into a bond securitization transaction with RBS as the initial purchaser of the $175 million principal amount of the Fixed Secured Railcar Equipment Notes, Class A-1 ("ARL 2014 Class A-1 Notes"), and the $150 million principal amount of the Fixed Rate Secured Railcar Equipment Notes, Class A-2 ("ARL 2014 Class A-2 Notes" and, together with the ARL 2014 Class A-1 Notes, collectively referred to herein as the "ARL 2014 Bond Securitization Notes"). Of the proceeds from the ARL 2014 Bond Securitization Notes, $156 million were used to pay down the RCF Term Loan. The ARL 2014 Class A-1 Notes bear a fixed interest rate of 2.92%; the ARL 2014 Class A-2 Notes bear a fixed interest rate of 3.97%. Interest on each of the ARL 2014 Bond Securitization Notes is payable on the 15th calendar day of each month starting on July 15, 2014. The expected principal repayment date for the ARL 2014 Bond Securitization Notes is June 15, 2024 and the legal final maturity date for the ARL 2014 Bond Securitization Notes is June 15, 2044.
Each of the ARL 2012 Bond Securitization Notes and ARL 2014 Bond Securitization Notes is subject to certain covenants, including the maintenance of certain financial ratios related to net worth, utilization and debt service coverage. As December 31, 2015, ARL was in compliance with all debt covenants with respect to the ARL 2012 Bond Securitization Notes and ARL 2014 Bond Securitization Notes.
Credit Facilities - Gaming
Credit Facilities
On November 27, 2013, Tropicana entered into (i) a senior secured first lien term loan facility in an aggregate principal amount of $300 million, issued at a discount of 0.5% (the “Tropicana Term Loan Facility”) and (ii) a senior secured first lien revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of $15 million (the “Tropicana Revolving Facility” and, together with the Tropicana Term Loan Facility, the “Tropicana Credit Facilities”). Commencing on December 31, 2013, the Tropicana Term Loan Facility amortizes in equal quarterly installments in an amount of $750,000, with any remaining balance payable on the final maturity date of the Tropicana Term Loan Facility, which is November 27, 2020. Amounts under the Tropicana Revolving Facility are available to be borrowed and re-borrowed until its termination on November 27, 2018.
The Tropicana Term Loan Facility accrues interest, at Tropicana's option, at a per annum rate equal to either (i) the LIBO Rate (as defined in the Credit Agreement) (subject to a 1.00% floor) plus an applicable margin equal to 3.00%, or (ii) the alternate base rate (as defined in the Credit Agreement) (subject to a 2.00% floor) plus an applicable margin equal to 2.00%; such that in either case, the applicable interest rate shall not be less than 4.0%. The Tropicana Revolving Facility accrues interest, at Tropicana's option, at a per annum rate equal to either (i) the LIBO Rate plus an applicable margin ranging from 2.00% (if the total net leverage ratio is less than 2.50:1.00) to 2.50% (if the total net leverage ratio is greater than or equal to 3.00:1.00); or (ii) the alternate base rate plus an applicable margin ranging from 1.00% (if the total net leverage ratio is less than 2.50:1.00) to 1.50% (if the total net leverage ratio is greater than or equal to 3.00:1.00). The interest rate increases by 2.00% following certain defaults. As of December 31, 2015, the interest rate on the Tropicana Term Loan Facility was 4.0% and the Tropicana Revolving Facility was undrawn and had $15 million of availability.
The Tropicana Credit Facilities are guaranteed by all of Tropicana's domestic subsidiaries, subject to limited exceptions, and additional subsidiaries may be required to provide guarantees, subject to limited exceptions. The Tropicana Credit Facilities are secured by a first lien on substantially all assets of Tropicana and the domestic subsidiaries that are guarantors, with certain limited exceptions. Subsidiaries that become guarantors will be required, with certain limited exceptions, to provide first liens and security interests in substantially all their assets to secure the Tropicana Credit Facilities.
At the election of Tropicana and subject to certain conditions, including a maximum senior secured net leverage ratio of 3.25:1.00, the amount available under the Tropicana Credit Facilities may be increased, which increased amount may be comprised of additional term loans and revolving loans.
The Tropicana Term Loan Facility may be prepaid at the option of Tropicana at any time without penalty (other than customary LIBO Rate breakage fees). Tropicana is required to make mandatory payments of the Tropicana Credit Facilities with (i) net cash proceeds of certain asset sales (subject to reinvestment rights), (ii) net cash proceeds from certain issuances of debt and equity (with certain exceptions), (iii) up to 50% of annual excess cash flow (as low as 0% if Tropicana's total leverage ratio is below 2.75:1.00), and (iv) certain casualty proceeds and condemnation awards (subject to reinvestment rights).
Key covenants binding Tropicana and its subsidiaries include (i) limitations on indebtedness, liens, investments, acquisitions, asset sales, dividends and other restricted payments, and affiliate and extraordinary transactions, and (ii) if, as of the last day of any fiscal quarter, the amount of outstanding revolving loans exceed 35% of the permitted borrowing under the Tropicana Revolving Facility, compliance with a maximum senior secured net leverage ratio test of 3.25:1.00. Key default provisions include (i) failure to repay principal, interest, fees and other amounts owing under the facility, (ii) cross default to certain other indebtedness, (iii) the rendering of certain judgments against Tropicana or its subsidiaries, (iv) failure of security documents to create valid liens on property securing the Tropicana Credit Facilities and to perfect such liens, (v) revocation of casino, gambling, or gaming licenses, (vi) Tropicana's or its material subsidiaries' bankruptcy or insolvency; and (vii) the occurrence of a Change of Control (as defined in the Credit Agreement). Many defaults are also subject to cure periods prior to such default giving rise to the right of the lenders to accelerate the loans and to exercise remedies. Tropicana was in compliance with the covenants of the Tropicana Term Loan Facility at December 31, 2015.
Credit Facility - Food Packaging
Credit Facility
In connection with certain financing transactions, on January 30, 2014, Viskase entered into a credit agreement with UBS AG, Stamford Branch, as Administrative Agent and Collateral Agent, and the Lenders parties thereto, providing for a $275 million senior secured covenant light term loan facility (“Viskase Term Loan”). A portion of the proceeds from the Viskase Term Loan was used to satisfy and discharge all of the existing Viskase 9.875% Notes and Viskase recorded a loss of $16 million on debt extinguishment during the year ended December 31, 2014, which is reflected in other income, net in the consolidated statements of operations.
The Viskase Term Loan bears interest at a LIBO Rate plus 3.25% (with the LIBO Rate carrying a 1.00% floor), or at a Base Rate equal to the sum of (1) the greatest of (a) the Prime Rate, (b) the Federal Funds Effective Rate plus 0.50%, (c) one-month LIBOR plus 1.0%, or (d) 2.0%, plus (2) 2.25%. The Viskase Term Loan has a 1% per annum amortization with a maturity date of January 30, 2021. The Viskase Term Loan is subject to certain additional mandatory prepayments upon asset sales, incurrence of indebtedness not otherwise permitted, and based upon a percentage of excess cash flow. Prepayments on the Viskase Term Loan may be made at any time, subject to a prepayment premium of 1% for certain prepayments during the first six months of the term.
Indebtedness under the Viskase Term Loan is secured by liens on substantially all of Viskase’s domestic and Mexican assets, with liens on (i) the Fixed Asset Priority Collateral, to be contractually senior to the liens securing the Revolving Credit Facility pursuant to the intercreditor agreement, (ii) the ABL Priority Collateral, to be contractually subordinate to the liens securing the Revolving Credit Facility pursuant to the intercreditor agreement, and (iii) all other assets, to be contractually pari passu with the liens securing the Revolving Credit Facility pursuant to the intercreditor agreement. Viskase's future direct or indirect material domestic subsidiaries are required to guarantee the obligations under the Viskase Term Loan, and to provide security by liens on their assets as described above.
Other
In its foreign operations, Viskase has unsecured lines of credit with various banks providing $8 million of availability as of December 31, 2015.
Other
Secured Revolving Credit Agreement - Home Fashion
On November 24, 2015, WPH entered into a $30 million loan and security agreement (“WPH Facility”) with a nationally recognized bank, as administrative agent and lender, subject to monthly borrowing base calculations and may be used for letters of credit up to $10 million. The WPH Facility has the ability to increase to $55 million upon meeting certain criteria. The WPH Facility replaces a certain letter of credit facility which expired on October 15, 2015. Under the five-year agreement, which matures on November 24, 2020, borrowings under the WPH Facility bear interest at LIBOR plus 1.5%. WPH pays an unused line fee at a 0.25% per annum rate on any increase in the WPH Facility above $30 million that is unused during any month. Obligations under the WPH Facility are secured by WPH's U.S. receivables, U.S. inventory and certain other assets. The WPH Facility is also subject to certain fixed charge coverage ratio under certain conditions. As of December 31, 2015 there were no borrowings under the WPH Facility. The letters of credit under the WPH Facility are subject to 0.50% annual fee on the outstanding face amount of the letters of credit issued under the WPH Facility, which face amount as of December 31, 2015 was $5 million.
Consolidated Maturities
The following is a summary of the maturities of our debt and capital lease obligations as of December 31, 2015:
Year
 
Debt
 
Capital Leases
 
 
(in millions)
2016
 
$
779

 
$
27

2017
 
1,563

 
7

2018
 
1,189

 
5

2019
 
1,619

 
5

2020
 
2,050

 
3

Thereafter
 
5,378

 
38

 
 
$
12,578

 
$
85