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Pension Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefits (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Pension Benefit Plans  
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans  
Changes in the benefit obligations

U.S.

Non-U.S.

 

    

2022

    

2021

    

2022

    

2021

 

Obligations at beginning of year

$

1,242

$

1,590

$

990

$

1,127

Change in benefit obligations:

Service cost

 

13

 

13

 

10

 

12

Interest cost

 

35

 

40

 

24

 

21

Actuarial (gain) loss

(320)

(73)

(221)

(82)

Settlements

(20)

(252)

 

(17)

(8)

Benefit payments

 

(90)

 

(76)

 

(42)

 

(53)

Other

3

1

Foreign currency translation

 

(78)

 

(28)

Net change in benefit obligations

 

(382)

 

(348)

 

(321)

 

(137)

Obligations at end of year

$

860

$

1,242

$

669

$

990

Changes in the fair value of the pension plans' assets

U.S.

Non-U.S.

 

    

2022

    

2021

    

2022

    

2021

 

Fair value at beginning of year

$

1,168

$

1,324

$

923

$

929

Change in fair value:

Actual gain (loss) on plan assets

 

(256)

 

145

 

(255)

 

7

Benefit payments

 

(90)

 

(76)

 

(42)

 

(53)

Employer contributions

 

10

 

27

 

16

 

57

Participant contributions

 

 

1

Settlements

(20)

(252)

(17)

(8)

Foreign currency translation

 

(79)

 

(11)

Other

 

1

 

1

Net change in fair value of assets

 

(356)

 

(156)

 

(376)

 

(6)

Fair value at end of year

$

812

$

1,168

$

547

$

923

Funded status

U.S.

Non-U.S.

 

2022

2021

2022

2021

 

Plan assets at fair value

    

$

812

    

$

1,168

    

$

547

    

$

923

Projected benefit obligations

 

860

 

1,242

 

669

 

990

Plan assets less than projected benefit obligations

 

(48)

 

(74)

 

(122)

 

(67)

Items not yet recognized in pension expense:

Actuarial loss

 

381

 

437

 

289

 

259

Prior service cost

 

 

 

9

 

10

 

381

 

437

 

298

 

269

Net amount recognized

$

333

$

363

$

176

$

202

Net amount recognized included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets

U.S.

Non-U.S.

 

    

2022

    

2021

    

2022

    

2021

 

Pension assets

$

$

$

60

$

150

Current pension liability, included with other accrued liabilities

 

(2)

 

(1)

 

(3)

 

(6)

Pension benefits

 

(46)

 

(73)

 

(179)

 

(211)

Accumulated other comprehensive loss

 

381

 

437

 

298

 

269

Net amount recognized

$

333

$

363

$

176

$

202

Changes in plan assets and/or benefit obligations recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income

U.S.

Non-U.S.

 

    

2022

    

2021

    

2022

    

2021

 

Current year actuarial (gain) loss

$

(3)

$

(136)

$

71

$

(13)

Amortization of actuarial loss

 

(40)

 

(62)

 

(9)

 

(43)

Settlement

(13)

(73)

(7)

(1)

Other

 

3

 

(1)

 

(56)

 

(271)

 

58

 

(58)

Translation

 

(29)

 

(7)

Change in accumulated other comprehensive loss

$

(56)

$

(271)

$

29

$

(65)

Components of net periodic pension cost

U.S.

Non-U.S.

 

2022

2021

2020

2022

2021

2020

 

Service cost

    

$

13

    

$

13

    

$

11

    

$

10

    

$

12

    

$

13

Interest cost

 

35

 

40

 

50

 

24

 

21

 

26

Expected asset return

 

(61)

 

(82)

 

(85)

 

(36)

 

(46)

 

(45)

Amortization:

Actuarial loss

 

40

 

61

 

56

 

9

 

13

 

12

Net expense

$

27

$

32

$

32

$

7

$

$

6

Information for plans with projected and accumulated benefit obligations in excess of the fair value of plan assets

Projected Benefit Obligation Exceeds 

Accumulated Benefit Obligation Exceeds

 

the Fair Value of Plan Assets

the Fair Value of Plan Assets

 

U.S.

Non-U.S.

U.S.

Non-U.S.

 

    

2022

2021

    

2022

2021

    

2022

2021

    

2022

2021

Projected benefit obligations

$

860

$

1,242

$

240

$

258

$

860

$

1,242

$

216

$

258

Accumulated benefit obligation

 

860

 

1,242

 

226

 

240

 

860

 

1,242

 

203

 

240

Fair value of plan assets

 

812

 

1,168

 

56

 

42

 

812

 

1,168

 

33

 

42

Fair value of defined benefit pension plan assets and target allocations

2022

2021

    

Level 1

    

Level 2

    

Level 3

Total

    

Level 1

    

Level 2

    

Level 3

Total

Cash and cash equivalents

$

9

$

$

$

9

$

43

$

$

$

43

Debt securities

29

29

35

14

49

Other

23

23

24

24

Total

$

38

$

23

$

$

78

$

38

$

Investments measured at net asset value

 

$

486

 

$

807

Total non-U.S. assets at fair value

$

547

$

923

Estimated future benefit payments, reflecting expected future service, as appropriate, expected to be paid

Year(s)

    

U.S.

    

Non-U.S.

2023

$

73

$

42

2024

 

72

 

43

2025

 

72

 

45

2026

 

71

 

47

2027

 

70

 

48

2028-2032

 

330

 

257

Postretirement Benefits Other Than Pensions  
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans  
Changes in the benefit obligations

U.S.

Non-U.S.

 

    

2022

    

2021

    

2022

    

2021

 

Obligations at beginning of year

$

34

$

38

$

76

$

80

Change in benefit obligations:

Service cost

 

 

 

2

 

2

Interest cost

 

1

 

2

 

2

 

2

Actuarial (gain) loss

 

(11)

 

(4)

 

(29)

 

(6)

Benefit payments

 

(2)

 

(2)

 

(3)

 

(2)

Foreign currency translation

 

(3)

 

Net change in benefit obligations

 

(12)

 

(4)

 

(31)

 

(4)

Obligations at end of year

$

22

$

34

$

45

$

76

Funded status

U.S.

Non-U.S.

 

    

2022

    

2021

    

2022

    

2021

 

Postretirement benefit obligations

$

(22)

$

(34)

$

(45)

$

(76)

Items not yet recognized in net postretirement benefit cost:

Actuarial gain (loss)

 

(12)

 

8

 

 

Prior service credit

 

(18)

 

(26)

(40)

(13)

 

(30)

 

(18)

 

(40)

 

(13)

Net amount recognized

$

(52)

$

(52)

$

(85)

$

(89)

Net amount recognized included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets

U.S.

Non-U.S.

 

    

2022

    

2021

    

2022

    

2021

 

Current nonpension postretirement benefit, included with Other accrued liabilities

$

(2)

$

(2)

$

(2)

$

(2)

Nonpension postretirement benefits

 

(20)

 

(32)

 

(43)

 

(74)

Accumulated other comprehensive loss

 

(30)

 

(18)

 

(40)

 

(13)

Net amount recognized

$

(52)

$

(52)

$

(85)

$

(89)

Changes in plan assets and/or benefit obligations recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income

U.S.

Non-U.S.

 

    

2022

    

2021

    

2022

    

2021

 

Current year actuarial (gain) loss

$

(11)

$

(4)

$

(29)

$

(6)

Amortization of actuarial loss

 

(8)

 

(9)

Amortization of prior service credit

 

8

 

9

$

(11)

$

(4)

$

(29)

$

(6)

Components of net periodic pension cost

U.S.

Non-U.S.

 

    

2022

    

2021

    

2020

    

2022

    

2021

    

2020

 

Service cost

$

$

$

$

2

$

2

$

2

Interest cost

 

1

 

2

 

2

 

2

 

2

 

2

Amortization:

Actuarial (gain) loss

 

(8)

 

(9)

 

(11)

Prior service credit

 

8

 

9

 

5

(1)

Net amortization

 

 

 

(6)

 

 

 

(1)

Net postretirement benefit (income) cost

$

1

$

2

$

(4)

$

4

$

4

$

3

Weighted average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations and net periodic pension costs for pension plans, and accumulated postretirement benefit obligation and net postretirement benefit cost for postretirement plans

U.S.

Non-U.S.

 

    

2022

    

2021

    

2020

    

2022

    

2021

    

2020

 

Accumulated postretirement benefit obligation

 

5.48

%  

2.90

%  

2.48

%  

5.15

%  

2.95

%  

2.55

%

Net postretirement benefit cost

 

2.90

%  

2.48

%  

3.31

%  

2.95

%  

2.55

%  

3.00

%

Weighted average assumed health care cost trend rates

U.S.

Non-U.S.

 

    

2022

    

2021

    

2022

    

2021

 

Health care cost trend rate assumed for next year

 

6.50

%  

6.40

%  

5.00

%  

5.00

%

Rate to which the cost trend rate is assumed to decline (ultimate trend rate)

 

5.00

%  

5.00

%  

5.00

%  

5.00

%

Year that the rate reaches the ultimate trend rate

 

2031

2029

N/A

N/A

Estimated future benefit payments, reflecting expected future service, as appropriate, expected to be paid

Year(s)

    

U.S.

    

Non-U.S.

2023

$

2

$

3

2024

 

2

 

3

2025

 

2

 

3

2026

 

2

 

3

2027

 

2

 

3

2028  -  2032

 

8

 

14