The Company has certain derivative assets and liabilities, which consist of natural gas forwards, foreign exchange option and forward contracts, interest rate swaps and cross-currency swaps. The valuation of these instruments is determined primarily using the income approach, including discounted cash flow analysis on the expected cash flows of each derivative. Natural gas forward rates, foreign exchange rates and interest rates are the significant inputs into the valuation models. The Company also evaluates counterparty risk in determining fair values. This analysis reflects the contractual terms of the derivatives, including the period to maturity, and uses observable market-based inputs, including interest rate curves and implied volatilities. The fair values of interest rate swaps are determined using the market standard methodology of netting the discounted future fixed cash receipts (or payments) and the discounted expected variable cash payments (or receipts). The variable cash payments (or receipts) are based on an expectation of future interest rates (forward curves) derived from observable market interest rate curves. These inputs are observable in active markets over the terms of the instruments the Company holds, and, accordingly, the Company classifies its derivative assets and liabilities as Level 2 in the hierarchy.

The Company enters into commodity forward contracts related to forecasted natural gas requirements, the objectives of which are to limit the effects of fluctuations in the future market price paid for natural gas and the related volatility in cash flows.

An unrecognized loss of $2 million at March 31, 2020, an unrecognized gain of $1 million at December 31, 2019 and an unrecognized gain of $3 million at March 31, 2019 related to the commodity forward contracts were included in Accumulated other comprehensive income (“Accumulated OCI”), and will be reclassified into earnings in the period when the commodity forward contracts expire.

The Company uses short-term forward exchange or option agreements to purchase foreign currencies at set rates in the future. These agreements are used to limit exposure to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates for significant planned purchases of fixed assets or commodities that are denominated in currencies other than the subsidiaries’ functional currency. The Company also uses foreign exchange agreements to offset the foreign currency risk for receivables and payables, including intercompany receivables, payables, and loans, not denominated in, or indexed to, their functional currencies.

The Company has variable-interest rate borrowings denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of the borrowing subsidiaries. As a result, the Company is exposed to fluctuations in the currency of the borrowing against the subsidiaries’ functional currency. The Company uses derivatives to manage these exposures and designates these derivatives as cash flow hedges of foreign exchange risk.

An unrecognized loss of $4 million at March 31, 2020, an unrecognized loss of less than $1 million at December 31, 2019 and an unrecognized loss of $11 million at March 31, 2019, related to these cross-currency swaps, were included in Accumulated OCI, and will be reclassified into earnings within the next twelve months.

The Company enters into interest rate swaps in order to maintain a capital structure containing targeted amounts of fixed and floating-rate debt and manage interest rate risk. The Company’s fixed-to-variable interest rate swaps are accounted for as fair value hedges. The relevant terms of the swap agreements match the corresponding terms of the notes and therefore there is no hedge ineffectiveness. The Company recorded the net of the fair market values of the swaps as a long-term liability and short-term asset, along with a corresponding net decrease in the carrying value of the hedged debt.

The Company enters into interest rate swaps in order to maintain a capital structure containing targeted amounts of fixed and floating-rate debt and manage interest rate risk. Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the Company making fixed-rate payments. These interest rate swap agreements were used to hedge the variable cash flows associated with variable-rate debt.

An unrecognized loss of less than $1 million at March 31, 2020, an unrecognized loss of $1 million at December 31, 2019 and an unrecognized loss of less than $1 million at March 31, 2019 related to these interest rate swaps, were included in Accumulated OCI, and will be reclassified into earnings within the next twelve months.

The Company is exposed to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates on investments it holds in non-U.S. subsidiaries and uses cross-currency swaps to partially hedge this exposure.

An unrecognized gain of $10 million at March 31, 2020, an unrecognized gain of $8 million at December 31, 2019 and an unrecognized gain of $7 million at March 31, 2019, related to these net investment hedges, were included in Accumulated OCI, and will be reclassified into earnings within the next twelve months.

The following table shows the amount and classification (as noted above) of the Company’s derivatives at March 31, 2020, December 31, 2019 and March 31, 2019:

(a) The notional amounts of the commodity forward contracts were $12 million, $13 million and $20 million at March 31, 2020, December 31, 2019 and March 31, 2019, respectively. The maximum maturity dates were in 2020 for all three periods.

(b) The notional amounts of the interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges were €725 million at March 31, 2020, December 31, 2019 and March 31, 2019, respectively. The maximum maturity dates were in 2025 for March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 and 2024 for March 31, 2019.

(c) The notional amounts of the cash flow hedges of foreign exchange risk were $1.424 billion at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 and $797 million at March 31, 2019. The maximum maturity dates were in 2023 for all three periods.

(d) The notional amounts of the interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges were $105 million at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 and $180 million at March 31, 2019, respectively. Maximum maturity dates were in 2020 for March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 and 2021 for March 31, 2019.

(e) The notional amounts of the net investment hedges were €160 million at March 31, 2020, December 31, 2019 and March 31, 2019. The maximum maturity dates were in 2020 for all three periods.

(f) The notional amounts of the foreign exchange derivative contracts were $306 million, $283 million and $625 million at March 31, 2020, December 31, 2019 and March 31, 2019, respectively. The maximum maturity dates were in 2021, 2019, and 2019 for March 31, 2020, December 31, 2019 and March 31, 2019, respectively.


	Gain (Loss) Recognized in OCI (Effective Portion)				Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income (Effective Portion) (1)
	Three months ended March 31,				Three months ended March 31,
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:	2020		2019		2020		2019
Cash Flow Hedges
Commodity forward contracts (a)	$	(3)	$	2	$	—	$	—
Cash flow hedges of foreign exchange risk (b)		(66)		7		60		(10)
Cash flow hedges of interest rate risk (c)
Net Investment Hedges
Net Investment Hedges		(4)		5		2		(2)
	$	(73)	$	14	$	62	$	(12)


	Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other income (expense), net
	Three months ended March 31,
Derivatives not designated as hedges:	2020		2019
Foreign exchange derivative contracts	$	12	$	6

(1) Gains and losses reclassified from accumulated OCI and recognized in income are recorded to (a) cost of goods sold, (b) other expense, net or (c) interest expense, net.