Income Taxes	3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2018
Income Taxes
Income Taxes	7. Income Taxes The Company calculates its interim tax provision using the estimated annual effective tax rate (“EAETR”) methodology in accordance with ASC 740-270. The EAETR is applied to the year-to-date ordinary income, exclusive of discrete items. The tax effect of discrete items are then included to arrive at the total reported interim tax provision. The determination of the EAETR is based upon a number of estimates, including the estimated annual pretax ordinary income or loss in each tax jurisdiction in which the Company operates. The tax effects of discrete items are recognized in the tax provision in the quarter they occur in accordance with GAAP. Depending on various factors such as the item’s significance in relation to total income and the rate of tax applicable in the jurisdiction to which it relates, discrete items in any quarter can materially impact the reported effective tax rate. The Company’s annual effective tax rate may be affected by the mix of earnings in the U.S. and foreign jurisdictions and such factors as changes in tax laws, tax rates or regulations, changes in business, changing interpretation of existing tax laws or regulations, the finalization of tax audits and reviews, as well as other factors. As such, there can be significant volatility in interim tax provisions. The annual effective tax rate differs from the statutory U.S. Federal tax rate of 21% for 2018 and 35% for 2017 primarily because of varying non-U.S. tax rates and valuation allowances in some jurisdictions, respectively. The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Act”) was enacted on December 22, 2017. The Act reduces the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%, requires companies to pay a one-time transition tax on earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries that were previously tax deferred and creates new taxes on certain foreign sourced earnings. The Company is applying the guidance in Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118, Income Tax Accounting Implications of the Tax Cut and Jobs Act, when accounting for the enactment-date effects of the Act. At March 31, 2018, the Company has not completed its accounting for the tax effects of the Act; however, it has made reasonable estimates of the tax effects. During the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company has not recorded any adjustments to the provisional amounts recorded at December 31, 2017 related to the remeasurement of its deferred balances and the one-time transition tax. In all cases, the Company is continuing to make and refine its calculations as additional analysis is completed. In addition, the Company’s estimates may also be affected as it gains a more thorough understanding of the tax law and certain aspects of the Act are clarified by the taxing authorities. The Act subjects a U.S. shareholder to current tax on global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”) earned by certain foreign subsidiaries. At December 31, 2017, the Company elected to recognize the resulting tax on GILTI as a period expense in the period the tax is incurred. The Company has made sufficient progress in its calculation to reasonably estimate the tax expense related to GILTI for the year ended December 31, 2018 and included it in the estimated annual effective tax rate. The impact of GILTI resulted in no incremental tax expense for the quarter ended March 31, 2018 due to net operating loss carryforwards, foreign tax credits and a full valuation allowance on U.S. net deferred tax assets. The Company will continue to refine its calculations, which may result in changes to the expected impact for 2018. The Company maintains its assertion on a provisional basis that it intends to continue to indefinitely reinvest the gross book-tax differences in its non-U.S. consolidated subsidiaries. However, the Company records deferred foreign taxes on gross book-tax basis differences to the extent of foreign distributable reserves for certain foreign subsidiaries. Determining the amount of unrecognized deferred tax liability related to any remaining undistributed foreign earnings not subject to the transition tax and additional outside basis differences in these entities (i.e., basis difference in excess of that subject to the one-time transition tax) is not practicable. The Company is currently under examination in various tax jurisdictions in which it operates, including Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, China, Colombia, France, Germany, and Indonesia. The years under examination range from 2004 through 2015. The Company has received tax assessments in excess of established reserves for uncertain tax positions. The Company is contesting these tax assessments, and will continue to do so, including pursuing all available remedies such as appeals and litigation, if necessary. The Company believes that adequate provisions for all income tax uncertainties have been made. However, if income tax assessments are settled against the Company at amounts in excess of established reserves, it could have a material impact to the Company’s results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

7. Income Taxes

The Company calculates its interim tax provision using the estimated annual effective tax rate (“EAETR”) methodology in accordance with ASC 740-270. The EAETR is applied to the year-to-date ordinary income, exclusive of discrete items. The tax effect of discrete items are then included to arrive at the total reported interim tax provision. The determination of the EAETR is based upon a number of estimates, including the estimated annual pretax ordinary income or loss in each tax jurisdiction in which the Company operates. The tax effects of discrete items are recognized in the tax provision in the quarter they occur in accordance with GAAP. Depending on various factors such as the item’s significance in relation to total income and the rate of tax applicable in the jurisdiction to which it relates, discrete items in any quarter can materially impact the reported effective tax rate. The Company’s annual effective tax rate may be affected by the mix of earnings in the U.S. and foreign jurisdictions and such factors as changes in tax laws, tax rates or regulations, changes in business, changing interpretation of existing tax laws or regulations, the finalization of tax audits and reviews, as well as other factors. As such, there can be significant volatility in interim tax provisions. The annual effective tax rate differs from the statutory U.S. Federal tax rate of 21% for 2018 and 35% for 2017 primarily because of varying non-U.S. tax rates and valuation allowances in some jurisdictions, respectively.

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Act”) was enacted on December 22, 2017. The Act reduces the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%, requires companies to pay a one-time transition tax on earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries that were previously tax deferred and creates new taxes on certain foreign sourced earnings. The Company is applying the guidance in Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118, Income Tax Accounting Implications of the Tax Cut and Jobs Act, when accounting for the enactment-date effects of the Act. At March 31, 2018, the Company has not completed its accounting for the tax effects of the Act; however, it has made reasonable estimates of the tax effects. During the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company has not recorded any adjustments to the provisional amounts recorded at December 31, 2017 related to the remeasurement of its deferred balances and the one-time transition tax. In all cases, the Company is continuing to make and refine its calculations as additional analysis is completed. In addition, the Company’s estimates may also be affected as it gains a more thorough understanding of the tax law and certain aspects of the Act are clarified by the taxing authorities.

The Act subjects a U.S. shareholder to current tax on global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”) earned by certain foreign subsidiaries. At December 31, 2017, the Company elected to recognize the resulting tax on GILTI as a period expense in the period the tax is incurred. The Company has made sufficient progress in its calculation to reasonably estimate the tax expense related to GILTI for the year ended December 31, 2018 and included it in the estimated annual effective tax rate. The impact of GILTI resulted in no incremental tax expense for the quarter ended March 31, 2018 due to net operating loss carryforwards, foreign tax credits and a full valuation allowance on U.S. net deferred tax assets. The Company will continue to refine its calculations, which may result in changes to the expected impact for 2018.

The Company maintains its assertion on a provisional basis that it intends to continue to indefinitely reinvest the gross book-tax differences in its non-U.S. consolidated subsidiaries. However, the Company records deferred foreign taxes on gross book-tax basis differences to the extent of foreign distributable reserves for certain foreign subsidiaries. Determining the amount of unrecognized deferred tax liability related to any remaining undistributed foreign earnings not subject to the transition tax and additional outside basis differences in these entities (i.e., basis difference in excess of that subject to the one-time transition tax) is not practicable.

The Company is currently under examination in various tax jurisdictions in which it operates, including Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, China, Colombia, France, Germany, and Indonesia. The years under examination range from 2004 through 2015. The Company has received tax assessments in excess of established reserves for uncertain tax positions. The Company is contesting these tax assessments, and will continue to do so, including pursuing all available remedies such as appeals and litigation, if necessary. The Company believes that adequate provisions for all income tax uncertainties have been made. However, if income tax assessments are settled against the Company at amounts in excess of established reserves, it could have a material impact to the Company’s results of operations, financial position or cash flows.