5. Restructuring Accruals

Selected information related to the restructuring accruals for the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 is as follows:


			Other
	Asia Pacific		Restructuring		Total
	Restructuring		Actions		Restructuring
Balance at July 1, 2016	$	6	$	28	$	34
Net cash paid, principally severance and related benefits		(1)		(2)		(3)
Other, including foreign exchange translation				(2)		(2)
Balance at September 30, 2016	$	5	$	24	$	29


	European				Other
	Asset		Asia Pacific		Restructuring		Total
	Optimization		Restructuring		Actions		Restructuring
Balance at July 1, 2015	$	11	$	8	$	33	$	52
Charges						35		35
Write-down of assets to net realizable value						(19)		(19)
Net cash paid, principally severance and related benefits				(1)		(4)		(5)
Other, including foreign exchange translation						(1)		(1)
Balance at September 30, 2015	$	11	$	7	$	44	$	62

Selected information related to the restructuring accruals for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 is as follows:


			Other
	Asia Pacific		Restructuring		Total
	Restructuring		Actions		Restructuring
Balance at January 1, 2016	$	7	$	36	$	43
Charges		1		18		19
Write-down of assets to net realizable value				(7)		(7)
Net cash paid, principally severance and related benefits		(2)		(18)		(20)
Other, including foreign exchange translation		(1)		(5)		(6)
Balance at September 30, 2016	$	5	$	24	$	29


	European				Other
	Asset		Asia Pacific		Restructuring		Total
	Optimization		Restructuring		Actions		Restructuring
Balance at January 1, 2015	$	12	$	12	$	36	$	60
Charges				5		52		57
Write-down of assets to net realizable value				(4)		(26)		(30)
Net cash paid, principally severance and related benefits				(5)		(15)		(20)
Other, including foreign exchange translation		(1)		(1)		(3)		(5)
Balance at September 30, 2015	$	11	$	7	$	44	$	62

The Company’s decisions to curtail selected production capacity have resulted in write downs of certain long-lived assets to the extent their carrying amounts exceeded fair value or fair value less cost to sell. The Company classified the significant assumptions used to determine the fair value of the impaired assets, which was not material, as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy as set forth in the general accounting principles for fair value measurements.

Asia Pacific Restructuring

During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, the Company recorded charges of $1 million. These charges primarily represented other exit costs as part of the Company’s Asia Pacific Restructuring program.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, the Company recorded charges of $5 million. These charges primarily represented the write-down of assets as part of the Company’s Asia Pacific Restructuring program.

The Company has recorded total cumulative charges of $221 million under this program.

Other Restructuring Actions

During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, the Company recorded charges of $18 million. These charges primarily represented employee costs, write-down of assets, and other exit costs of $14 million for a plant closure in the first quarter of 2016 in Latin America, $3 million related to a previous plant closure in North America and $1 million related to other restructuring actions.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, the Company recorded charges of $35 million and $52 million, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2015, these charges primarily represented employee costs, write-down of assets, and other exit costs of $14 million for furnace closures in Latin America, $35 million of severance and other exit costs related to a plant closure in North America and $3 million related to other restructuring actions.