Pensions Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefits (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Pension Benefit Plans

Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans

Changes in the benefit obligations

	U.S.				Non-U.S.
	2015		2014		2015		2014
Obligations at beginning of year	$	2,428	$	2,275	$	1,311	$	1,866
Change in benefit obligations:
Service cost		24		22		15		23
Interest cost		96		105		44		69
Actuarial (gain) loss, including the effect of change in discount rates		(107)		264		(9)		131
Curtailment, settlement, and plan amendment				(56)				(567)
Acquisitions						37
Participant contributions						1		5
Benefit payments		(252)		(182)		(58)		(91)
Other		1
Foreign currency translation						(131)		(125)
Net change in benefit obligations		(238)		153		(101)		(555)
Obligations at end of year	$	2,190	$	2,428	$	1,210	$	1,311

Changes in the fair value of the pension plans' assets

	U.S.				Non-U.S.
	2015		2014		2015		2014
Fair value at beginning of year	$	2,190	$	2,273	$	1,094	$	1,578
Change in fair value:
Actual gain (loss) on plan assets		(32)		155		42		188
Benefit payments		(252)		(182)		(58)		(91)
Employer contributions		2				15		28
Participant contributions						1		5
Settlements				(56)				(519)
Acquisitions						22
Foreign currency translation						(104)		(94)
Other		1						(1)
Net change in fair value of assets		(281)		(83)		(82)		(484)
Fair value at end of year	$	1,909	$	2,190	$	1,012	$	1,094

Funded status

	U.S.				Non-U.S.
	2015		2014		2015		2014
Plan assets at fair value	$	1,909	$	2,190	$	1,012	$	1,094
Projected benefit obligations		2,190		2,428		1,210		1,311
Plan assets less than projected benefit obligations		(281)		(238)		(198)		(217)
Items not yet recognized in pension expense:
Actuarial loss		1,145		1,123		320		349
Prior service cost (credit)		2		2		(1)
		1,147		1,125		319		349
Net amount recognized	$	866	$	887	$	121	$	132

Net amount recognized included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets

	U.S.				Non-U.S.
	2015		2014		2015		2014
Pension assets	$	—	$	—	$	32	$	22
Current pension liability, included with Other accrued liabilities		(1)		(3)		(6)		(9)
Pension benefits		(280)		(235)		(224)		(230)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		1,147		1,125		319		349
Net amount recognized	$	866	$	887	$	121	$	132

Changes in plan assets and/or benefit obligations recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income

	U.S.				Non-U.S.
	2015		2014		2015		2014
Current year actuarial (gain) loss	$	95	$	285	$	15	$	(23)
Amortization of actuarial loss		(74)		(68)		(15)		(20)
Amortization of prior service credit								2
Curtailment and plan amendment								22
Settlement				(30)				(64)
		21		187		—		(83)
Translation						(31)		(32)
	$	21	$	187	$	(31)	$	(115)

Components of net periodic pension cost (income) and net periodic postretirement (benefit) cost

	U.S.						Non-U.S.
	2015		2014		2013		2015		2014		2013
Service cost	$	24	$	22	$	27	$	15	$	23	$	33
Interest cost		96		105		106		44		69		72
Expected asset return		(170)		(176)		(183)		(67)		(86)		(91)
Amortization:
Actuarial loss		74		68		110		15		18		28
Prior service credit												(1)
Net amortization		74		68		110		15		18		27
Net expense	$	24	$	19	$	60	$	7	$	24	$	41

Amounts amortized from accumulated other comprehensive income during 2015

	U.S.		Non-U.S.
Amortization:
Actuarial loss	$	62	$	13
Prior service cost		1
Net amortization	$	63	$	13

Information for plans with projected and accumulated benefit obligations in excess of the fair value of plan assets

	Projected Benefit Obligation Exceeds								Accumulated Benefit Obligation Exceeds
	the Fair Value of Plan Assets								the Fair Value of Plan Assets
	U.S.				Non-U.S.				U.S.				Non-U.S.
	2015		2014		2015		2014		2015		2014		2015		2014
Projected benefit obligations	$	2,190	$	2,428	$	876	$	1,049	$	2,190	$	2,428	$	876	$	1,049
Accumulated benefit obligation		2,160		2,392		850		1,023		2,160		2,392		850		1,023
Fair value of plan assets		1,909		2,190		645		810		1,909		2,190		645		810

Weighted average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations and net periodic pension costs for pension plans, and accumulated postretirement benefit obligation and net postretirement benefit cost for postretirement plans

	Projected Benefit Obligation Exceeds								Accumulated Benefit Obligation Exceeds
	the Fair Value of Plan Assets								the Fair Value of Plan Assets
	U.S.				Non-U.S.				U.S.				Non-U.S.
	2015		2014		2015		2014		2015		2014		2015		2014
Projected benefit obligations	$	2,190	$	2,428	$	876	$	1,049	$	2,190	$	2,428	$	876	$	1,049
Accumulated benefit obligation		2,160		2,392		850		1,023		2,160		2,392		850		1,023
Fair value of plan assets		1,909		2,190		645		810		1,909		2,190		645		810

The weighted average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations are as follows:

	U.S.				Non-U.S.
	2015		2014		2015		2014
Discount rate	4.43	%	4.05	%	3.82	%	3.65	%
Rate of compensation increase	2.97	%	2.96	%	2.84	%	2.89	%

The weighted average assumptions used to determine net periodic pension costs are as follows:

	U.S.						Non-U.S.
	2015		2014		2013		2015		2014		2013
Discount rate	4.05	%	4.81	%	4.11	%	3.65	%	4.14	%	3.89	%
Rate of compensation increase	2.96	%	2.97	%	2.97	%	2.89	%	3.31	%	3.08	%
Expected long-term rate of return on assets	8.00	%	8.00	%	8.00	%	7.21	%	7.23	%	6.34	%

Fair values of defined benefit pension plan assets and target allocations

	2015						2014						Target
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Allocation
Cash and cash equivalents	$	30	$	—	$	—	$	14	$	—	$	—
Equity securities		278		176				343		200			45	-	55	%
Debt securities		329		111				364		119		2	40	-	50	%
Real estate				53		5				30		3	0	-	10	%
Other				24		6				19			0	-	10	%
Total assets at fair value	$	637	$	364	$	11	$	721	$	368	$	5

Reconciliation of pension plan assets recorded at fair value using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3)

	2015		2014
Beginning balance	$	5	$	8
Net increase (decrease)		6		(3)
Ending balance	$	11	$	5

Estimated future benefit payments, reflecting expected future service, as appropriate, expected to be paid

Year(s)	U.S.		Non-U.S.
2016	$	171	$	59
2017		175		55
2018		163		56
2019		162		58
2020		160		60
2021-2025		744		331

Postretirement Benefits Other Than Pensions

Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans

Changes in the benefit obligations

	U.S.				Non-U.S.
	2015		2014		2015		2014
Obligations at beginning of year	$	111	$	111	$	81	$	90
Change in benefit obligations:
Service cost						1		1
Interest cost		4		5		3		4
Actuarial (gain) loss, including the effect of changing discount rates		(10)		7		(1)		(2)
Benefit payments		(8)		(12)		(3)		(3)
Foreign currency translation						(13)		(7)
Other								(2)
Net change in benefit obligations		(14)		—		(13)		(9)
Obligations at end of year	$	97	$	111	$	68	$	81

Funded status

	U.S.				Non-U.S.
	2015		2014		2015		2014
Postretirement benefit obligations	$	(97)	$	(111)	$	(68)	$	(81)
Items not yet recognized in net postretirement benefit cost:
Actuarial loss		23		35		(3)		(3)
Prior service credit		(38)		(46)
		(15)		(11)		(3)		(3)
Net amount recognized	$	(112)	$	(122)	$	(71)	$	(84)

Net amount recognized included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets

	U.S.				Non-U.S.
	2015		2014		2015		2014
Current nonpension postretirement benefit, included with Other accrued liabilities	$	(8)	$	(11)	$	(2)	$	(3)
Nonpension postretirement benefits		(89)		(100)		(66)		(78)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(15)		(11)		(3)		(3)
Net amount recognized	$	(112)	$	(122)	$	(71)	$	(84)

Changes in plan assets and/or benefit obligations recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income

	U.S.				Non-U.S.
	2015		2014		2015		2014
Current year actuarial (gain) loss	$	(10)	$	7	$	—	$	(2)
Amortization of actuarial loss		(2)		(2)
Amortization of prior service credit		8		8
Other adjustments								1
	$	(4)	$	13	$	—	$	(1)

Components of net periodic pension cost (income) and net periodic postretirement (benefit) cost

	U.S.						Non-U.S.
	2015		2014		2013		2015		2014		2013
Service cost	$	—	$	—	$	1	$	1	$	1	$	1
Interest cost		4		5		5		3		4		4
Curtailment gain						(5)
Amortization:
Actuarial loss		2		2		3
Prior service credit		(8)		(8)		(7)
Net amortization		(6)		(6)		(4)		—		—		—
Net postretirement benefit (income) cost	$	(2)	$	(1)	$	(3)	$	4	$	5	$	5

Amounts amortized from accumulated other comprehensive income during 2015

	U.S.		Non-U.S.
Amortization:
Actuarial loss	$	2	$	—
Prior service credit		(8)
Net amortization	$	(6)	$	—

Weighted average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations and net periodic pension costs for pension plans, and accumulated postretirement benefit obligation and net postretirement benefit cost for postretirement plans

	U.S.						Non-U.S.
	2015		2014		2013		2015		2014		2013
Accumulated postretirement benefit obligation	4.35	%	4.00	%	4.63	%	3.80	%	3.75	%	4.47	%
Net postretirement benefit cost	3.99	%	4.63	%	4.04	%	3.75	%	4.47	%	3.89	%

Weighted average assumed health care cost trend rates

	U.S.				Non-U.S.
	2015		2014		2015		2014
Health care cost trend rate assumed for next year	6.60	%	7.00	%	5.00	%	5.00	%
Rate to which the cost trend rate is assumed to decline (ultimate trend rate)	5.00	%	5.00	%	5.00	%	5.00	%
Year that the rate reaches the ultimate trend rate	2024		2024		2015		2014

Effects of one-percentage-point change in assumed health care cost trend rates on amount reported for the postretirement benefit plans

	U.S.				Non-U.S.
	1-Percentage-Point				1-Percentage-Point
	Increase		Decrease		Increase		Decrease
Effect on total of service and interest cost	$	—	$	—	$	1	$	(1)
Effect on accumulated postretirement benefit obligations		4		(3)		11		(9)

Estimated future benefit payments, reflecting expected future service, as appropriate, expected to be paid

Year(s)	U.S.		Non-U.S.
2016	$	8	$	3
2017		8		3
2018		8		3
2019		8		3
2020		8		3
2021  -  2025		33		16