EMPLOYEE BENEFITS

Retirement Plans: We have defined contribution profit-sharing plans with 401(k) provisions covering substantially all employees. Contributions to the plans are at the discretion of the Board of Directors. Contributions made to the plans and charged to expense were $622,000, $556,000 and $381,000 for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Employee Stock Ownership Plan: We have an Employee Stock Ownership Plan (“ESOP”), which enables eligible employees to acquire shares of our common stock. The cost of the ESOP is borne by us through annual contributions to an Employee Stock Ownership Trust in amounts determined by the Board of Directors.

The expense recognized by us is based on cash contributed or committed to be contributed by us to the ESOP during the year. Contributions to the ESOP for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 were $646,000, $525,000 and $484,000 respectively. Dividends paid by us to the ESOP are reported as a reduction of retained earnings. The ESOP owned 588,193 shares of our common stock at December 31, 2018 and 2017, all of which were purchased at the prevailing market price. All but 86,954 unallocated shares at December 31, 2018 are considered outstanding for earnings per share computations.

The purchase of unallocated ESOP shares is shown as a reduction of shareholders' equity, similar to a purchase of treasury stock. The loan receivable from the ESOP to the Company is not reported as an asset nor is the debt of the ESOP reported as a liability on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets. Cash dividends on allocated shares (those credited to ESOP participants' accounts) are recorded as a reduction of shareholders' equity and distributed directly to participants' accounts. Cash dividends on unallocated shares (those held by the ESOP not yet credited to participants' accounts) are used to pay a portion of the ESOPs debt service requirements.

Unallocated ESOP shares will be allocated to ESOP participants ratably as the ESOP's loan is repaid. When the shares are committed to be released and become available for allocation to plan participants, the then fair value of such shares will be charged to compensation expense.

The ESOP shares as of December 31 are as follows:



ESOP Shares	At December 31,
	2018		2017
Allocated shares	481,459		441,654
Shares committed to be released	19,780		39,805
Unallocated shares	86,954		106,734
Total ESOP shares	588,193		588,193

Market value of unallocated shares (in thousands)	$	1,679	$	2,809

Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan: We have certain non-qualified Supplemental Executive Retirement Plans (“SERP”) with certain senior officers, which provide participating officers with an income benefit payable at retirement age or death. The liabilities accrued for the SERP’s at December 31, 2018 and 2017 were $6.1 million and $5.5 million, respectively, which are included in other liabilities. Included in salaries, commissions and employee benefits was $669,000, $707,000 and $575,000 expense related to these SERPS for the years December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Share-Based Compensation: The 2014 Long-Term Incentive Plan (“2014 LTIP”) was adopted by our shareholders in May 2014 to enhance the ability of the Company to attract and retain exceptionally qualified individuals to serve as key employees. The LTIP provides for the issuance of up to 500,000 shares of common stock, in the form of equity awards including stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units, stock appreciation rights ("SARs"), performance units, other share-based awards or any combination thereof, to our key employees.

Stock options awarded under the 2009 Officer Stock Option Plan and the 1998 Officer Stock Option Plan (collectively, the “Plans”) were not altered by the 2014 LTIP and remain subject to the terms of the Plans. However, under the terms of the 2014 LTIP, all shares of common stock remaining issuable under the Plans at the time the 2014 LTIP was adopted ceased to be available for future issuance.

Under the 2014 LTIP and the Plans, stock options and SARs have generally been granted with an exercise price equal to the fair value of Summit's common stock on the grant date. We periodically grant share based compensation to individual employees. There were no grants of stock options or SARs in 2018. During first quarter 2017, we granted 34,306 SARs with a $14.06 grant date fair value per SAR that become exercisable ratably over seven years (14.3% per year) and expire ten years after the grant date. Also during first quarter 2017, we granted 53,309 SARs with a $14.10 grant date fair value per SAR that become exercisable ratably over five years (20% per year) and expire ten years after the grant date. There were no grants of stock options or SARs in 2016.

The fair value of our employee stock options and SARs granted under the Plans is estimated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. This model requires the input of highly subjective assumptions, changes to which can materially affect the fair value estimate. Additionally, there may be other factors that would otherwise have a significant effect on the value of employee stock options and SARs granted but are not considered by the model. Because our employee stock options and SARs have characteristics significantly different from those of traded options and because changes in the subjective input assumptions can materially affect the fair value estimate, in management’s opinion, the existing models do not necessarily provide a reliable single measure of the fair value of its employee stock options and SARs at the time of grant. The assumptions used to value SARs are as follows:



	2017 grant with 7 year expiration		2017 grant with 5 year expiration
Risk-free interest rate	2.24	%	2.16	%
Expected dividend yield	1.45	%	1.45	%
Expected common stock volatility	59.60	%	60.05	%
Expected life	7 years		6.5 years

We recognize compensation expense based on the estimated number of stock awards expected to actually vest, exclusive of the awards expected to be forfeited. During 2018, 2017 and 2016, our stock compensation expense totaled $391,000, $385,000 and $200,000, respectively, and the related income tax benefits recognized in 2018, 2017 and 2016 were $94,000, $142,000 and $74,000 respectively.

A summary of activity in our Plans during 2016, 2017 and 2018 is as follows:



					Weighted Average
Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts	Options / SARs		Aggregate Intrinsic Value		Remaining Contractual Term (Yrs.)	Exercise Price
Outstanding, December 31, 2015	244,147					$	14.05
Granted	—					—
Exercised	(24,740	)				18.08
Forfeited	—					—
Expired	(1,550	)				18.79
Outstanding, December 31, 2016	217,857					$	13.56
Granted	87,615					26.01
Exercised	(51,781	)				13.62
Forfeited	—					—
Expired	(3,400	)				24.97
Outstanding, December 31, 2017	250,291					$	17.75
Granted	—					—
Exercised	(6,800	)				17.79
Forfeited	(3,200	)				25.50
Expired	(8,200	)				25.54
Outstanding, December 31, 2018	232,091		$	1,070	6.74	$	17.36

Exercisable Options/SARs:
December 31, 2018	95,924		$	583	6.04	$	14.82
December 31, 2017	62,646		687		4.92	$	15.35
December 31, 2016	84,483		974		4.73	$	16.00

The total intrinsic value of options and SARs exercised in 2018, 2017 and 2016 was $24,000, $694,000 and $240,000, respectively. The total fair value of options and SARs vested during 2018, 2017 and 2016 was $396,000, $200,000 and $200,000, respectively.