LOANS

Loans are generally stated at the amount of unpaid principal, reduced by unearned discount and allowance for loan losses. Interest on loans is accrued daily on the outstanding balances. Loan origination fees and certain direct loan origination costs are deferred and amortized as adjustments of the related loan yield over its contractual life. We categorize residential real estate loans in excess of $600,000 as jumbo loans.

Generally, loans are placed on nonaccrual status when principal or interest is greater than 90 days past due based upon the loan's contractual terms. Interest is accrued daily on impaired loans unless the loan is placed on nonaccrual status. Impaired loans are placed on nonaccrual status when the payments of principal and interest are in default for a period of 90 days, unless the loan is both well-secured and in the process of collection. Interest on nonaccrual loans is recognized primarily using the cost-recovery method. Loans may be returned to accrual status when repayment is reasonably assured and there has been demonstrated performance under the terms of the loan or, if applicable, the terms of the restructured loans.

Commercial-related loans or portions thereof (which are risk-rated) are charged off to the allowance for loan losses when the loss has been confirmed. This determination is made on a case by case basis considering many factors, including the prioritization of our claim in bankruptcy, expectations of the workout/restructuring of the loan and valuation of the borrower’s equity. We deem a loss confirmed when a loan or a portion of a loan is classified “loss” in accordance with bank regulatory classification guidelines, which state, “Assets classified loss are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as bankable assets is not warranted”.

Consumer-related loans are generally charged off to the allowance for loan losses upon reaching specified stages of delinquency, in accordance with the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council policy. For example, credit card loans are charged off by the end of the month in which the account becomes 180 days past due or within 60 days from receiving notification about a specified event (e.g., bankruptcy of the borrower), which ever is earlier. Residential mortgage loans are generally charged off to net realizable value no later than when the account becomes 180 days past due. Other consumer loans, if collateralized, are generally charged off to net realizable value at 120 days past due.

Loans are summarized as follows:



Dollars in thousands	March 31, 2016		December 31, 2015		March 31, 2015
Commercial	$	101,742	$	97,201	$	89,928
Commercial real estate
Owner-occupied	202,680		203,555		180,269
Non-owner occupied	353,351		337,294		325,764
Construction and development
Land and land development	66,483		65,500		66,558
Construction	7,997		9,970		19,094
Residential real estate
Non-jumbo	221,368		221,750		219,938
Jumbo	50,057		50,313		50,492
Home equity	74,097		74,300		68,894
Consumer	19,095		19,251		18,485
Other	11,235		11,669		11,074
Total loans, net of unearned fees	1,108,105		1,090,803		1,050,496
Less allowance for loan losses	11,315		11,472		10,827
Loans, net	$	1,096,790	$	1,079,331	$	1,039,669

The following table presents the contractual aging of the recorded investment in past due loans by class as of March 31, 2016 and 2015 and December 31, 2015.



	At March 31, 2016
	Past Due										> 90 days and Accruing
Dollars in thousands	30-59 days		60-89 days		> 90 days		Total		Current		> 90 days and Accruing
Commercial	$	39	$	468	$	179	$	686	$	101,056	$	—
Commercial real estate
Owner-occupied	272		497		822		1,591		201,089		—
Non-owner occupied	153		—		749		902		352,449		—
Construction and development
Land and land development	178		41		4,739		4,958		61,525		—
Construction	—		—		—		—		7,997		—
Residential mortgage
Non-jumbo	2,555		832		1,906		5,293		216,075		—
Jumbo	—		—		—		—		50,057		—
Home equity	—		453		71		524		73,573		—
Consumer	70		21		117		208		18,887		—
Other	—		—		—		—		11,235		—
Total	$	3,267	$	2,312	$	8,583	$	14,162	$	1,093,943	$	—



	At December 31, 2015
	Past Due										> 90 days and Accruing
Dollars in thousands	30-59 days		60-89 days		> 90 days		Total		Current		> 90 days and Accruing
Commercial	$	345	$	26	$	632	$	1,003	$	96,198	$	—
Commercial real estate
Owner-occupied	158		386		437		981		202,574		—
Non-owner occupied	1		—		856		857		336,437		—
Construction and development
Land and land development	1,182		194		4,547		5,923		59,577		—
Construction	—		—		—		—		9,970		—
Residential mortgage
Non-jumbo	2,276		2,647		1,591		6,514		215,236		—
Jumbo	—		—		—		—		50,313		—
Home equity	374		172		100		646		73,654		—
Consumer	155		41		92		288		18,963		9
Other	—		—		—		—		11,669		—
Total	$	4,491	$	3,466	$	8,255	$	16,212	$	1,074,591	$	9



	At March 31, 2015
	Past Due										> 90 days and Accruing
Dollars in thousands	30-59 days		60-89 days		> 90 days		Total		Current		> 90 days and Accruing
Commercial	$	388	$	—	$	744	$	1,132	$	88,796	$	—
Commercial real estate
Owner-occupied	119		—		629		748		179,521		—
Non-owner occupied	664		—		406		1,070		324,694		—
Construction and development
Land and land development	1,376		1,361		4,980		7,717		58,841		—
Construction	—		—		—		—		19,094		—
Residential mortgage
Non-jumbo	2,891		1,090		1,888		5,869		214,069		—
Jumbo	—		—		713		713		49,779		—
Home equity	395		—		172		567		68,327		—
Consumer	139		62		22		223		18,262		—
Other	—		—		—		—		11,074		—
Total	$	5,972	$	2,513	$	9,554	$	18,039	$	1,032,457	$	—

Nonaccrual loans: The following table presents the nonaccrual loans included in the net balance of loans at March 31, 2016, December 31, 2015 and March 31, 2015.



	March 31,				December 31,
Dollars in thousands	2016		2015		2015
Commercial	$	430	$	788	$	853
Commercial real estate
Owner-occupied	822		934		437
Non-owner occupied	5,318		406		5,518
Construction and development
Land & land development	5,467		5,333		5,623
Construction	—		—		—
Residential mortgage
Non-jumbo	3,023		3,429		2,987
Jumbo	—		713		—
Home equity	225		349		258
Consumer	121		65		83
Total	$	15,406	$	12,017	$	15,759

Impaired loans: Impaired loans include the following:

▪

Loans which we risk-rate (consisting of loan relationships having aggregate balances in excess of $2.0 million, or loans exceeding $500,000 and exhibiting credit weakness) through our normal loan review procedures and which, based on current information and events, it is probable that we will be unable to collect all amounts due in accordance with the original contractual terms of the loan agreement. Risk-rated loans with insignificant delays or insignificant short falls in the amount of payments expected to be collected are not considered to be impaired.


▪	Loans that have been modified in a troubled debt restructuring.

Both commercial and consumer loans are deemed impaired upon being contractually modified in a troubled debt restructuring. Troubled debt restructurings typically result from our loss mitigation activities and occur when we grant a concession to a borrower who is experiencing financial difficulty in order to minimize our economic loss and to avoid foreclosure or repossession of collateral. Once restructured in a troubled debt restructuring, a loan is generally considered impaired until its maturity, regardless of whether the borrower performs under the modified terms. Although such a loan may be returned to accrual status if the criteria set forth in our accounting policy are met, the loan would continue to be evaluated for an asset-specific allowance for loan losses and we would continue to report the loan in the impaired loan table below.

The table below sets forth information about our impaired loans.



Method Used to Measure Impairment of Impaired Loans
Dollars in thousands
	March 31,				December 31,		Method used to measure impairment
Loan Category	2016		2015		2015		Method used to measure impairment
Commercial	$	36	$	44	$	41	Fair value of collateral
	164		337		201		Discounted cash flow
Commercial real estate
Owner-occupied	1,271		5,665		783		Fair value of collateral
	7,104		9,056		7,616		Discounted cash flow
Non-owner occupied	5,529		1,633		5,728		Fair value of collateral
	7,665		6,184		7,722		Discounted cash flow
Construction and development
Land & land development	6,444		11,733		6,597		Fair value of collateral
	2,160		2,286		2,177		Discounted cash flow
Residential mortgage
Non-jumbo	1,800		1,719		1,753		Fair value of collateral
	4,608		4,677		4,378		Discounted cash flow
Jumbo	3,739		5,672		3,869		Fair value of collateral
	868		884		871		Discounted cash flow
Home equity	186		186		186		Fair value of collateral
	523		523		523		Discounted cash flow
Consumer	—		2		—		Fair value of collateral
	62		78		68		Discounted cash flow
Total	$	42,159	$	50,679	$	42,513

The following tables present loans individually evaluated for impairment at March 31, 2016, December 31, 2015 and March 31, 2015.



	March 31, 2016
Dollars in thousands	Recorded Investment		Unpaid Principal Balance		Related Allowance		Average Impaired Balance		Interest Income Recognized while impaired

Without a related allowance
Commercial	$	200	$	200	$	—	$	200	$	9
Commercial real estate
Owner-occupied	5,446		5,446		—		5,446		211
Non-owner occupied	11,352		11,353		—		11,353		299
Construction and development
Land & land development	7,451		7,452		—		7,452		163
Construction	—		—		—		—		—
Residential real estate
Non-jumbo	4,060		4,071		—		3,824		169
Jumbo	3,740		3,739		—		3,739		178
Home equity	710		709		—		709		32
Consumer	62		62		—		62		5
Total without a related allowance	$	33,021	$	33,032	$	—	$	32,785	$	1,066

With a related allowance
Commercial	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Commercial real estate
Owner-occupied	2,929		2,929		89		2,929		112
Non-owner occupied	1,841		1,841		151		1,841		71
Construction and development
Land & land development	1,152		1,152		139		1,152		—
Construction	—		—		—		—		—
Residential real estate
Non-jumbo	2,337		2,337		187		2,337		112
Jumbo	867		868		31		868		43
Home equity	—		—		—		—		—
Consumer	—		—		—		—		—
Total with a related allowance	$	9,126	$	9,127	$	597	$	9,127	$	338

Total
Commercial	$	30,371	$	30,373	$	379	$	30,373	$	865
Residential real estate	11,714		11,724		218		11,477		534
Consumer	62		62		—		62		5
Total	$	42,147	$	42,159	$	597	$	41,912	$	1,404



	December 31, 2015
Dollars in thousands	Recorded Investment		Unpaid Principal Balance		Related Allowance		Average Impaired Balance		Interest Income Recognized while impaired

Without a related allowance
Commercial	$	242	$	242	$	—	$	319	$	17
Commercial real estate
Owner-occupied	5,401		5,402		—		5,438		191
Non-owner occupied	10,740		10,741		—		9,982		310
Construction and development
Land & land development	7,635		7,635		—		9,497		263
Construction	—		—		—		—		—
Residential real estate
Non-jumbo	3,590		3,600		—		3,316		160
Jumbo	3,871		3,869		—		4,412		181
Home equity	709		709		—		709		32
Consumer	68		68		—		72		6
Total without a related allowance	$	32,256	$	32,266	$	—	$	33,745	$	1,160

With a related allowance
Commercial	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Commercial real estate
Owner-occupied	2,997		2,997		45		3,003		135
Non-owner occupied	2,709		2,709		386		2,728		72
Construction and development
Land & land development	1,139		1,139		85		1,154		—
Construction	—		—		—		—		—
Residential real estate
Non-jumbo	2,530		2,531		226		2,552		114
Jumbo	871		871		34		878		43
Home equity	—		—		—		—		—
Consumer	—		—		—		—		—
Total with a related allowance	$	10,246	$	10,247	$	776	$	10,315	$	364

Total
Commercial	$	30,863	$	30,865	$	516	$	32,121	$	988
Residential real estate	11,571		11,580		260		11,867		530
Consumer	68		68		—		72		6
Total	$	42,502	$	42,513	$	776	$	44,060	$	1,524



	March 31, 2015
Dollars in thousands	Recorded Investment		Unpaid Principal Balance		Related Allowance		Average Impaired Balance		Interest Income Recognized while impaired

Without a related allowance
Commercial	$	381	$	381	$	—	$	381	$	21
Commercial real estate
Owner-occupied	9,312		9,312		—		5,364		180
Non-owner occupied	5,183		5,185		—		3,858		180
Construction and development
Land & land development	13,121		13,121		—		13,121		436
Construction	—		—		—		—		—
Residential real estate
Non-jumbo	3,763		3,772		—		3,772		167
Jumbo	5,669		5,672		—		5,672		235
Home equity	710		709		—		709		31
Consumer	80		80		—		80		7
Total without a related allowance	$	38,219	$	38,232	$	—	$	32,957	$	1,257

With a related allowance
Commercial	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Commercial real estate
Owner-occupied	5,409		5,409		255		5,409		215
Non-owner occupied	2,632		2,632		21		2,632		123
Construction and development
Land & land development	898		898		176		898		—
Construction	—		—		—		—		—
Residential real estate
Non-jumbo	2,623		2,624		276		2,624		119
Jumbo	883		884		43		884		44
Home equity	—		—		—		—		—
Consumer	—		—		—		—		—
Total with a related allowance	$	12,445	$	12,447	$	771	$	12,447	$	501

Total
Commercial	$	36,936	$	36,938	$	452	$	31,663	$	1,155
Residential real estate	13,648		13,661		319		13,661		596
Consumer	80		80		—		80		7
Total	$	50,664	$	50,679	$	771	$	45,404	$	1,758

A modification of a loan is considered a troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”) when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and the modification constitutes a concession that we would not otherwise consider. This may include a transfer of real estate or other assets from the borrower, a modification of loan terms, or a combination of both. A loan continues to be classified as a TDR for the life of the loan. Included in impaired loans are TDRs of $30.3 million, of which $29.2 million were current with respect to restructured contractual payments at March 31, 2016, and $30.5 million, of which $28.9 million were current with respect to restructured contractual payments at December 31, 2015. There were no commitments to lend additional funds under these restructurings at either balance sheet date.

The following table presents by class the TDRs that were restructured during the three months ended March 31, 2016, there were no loans restructured during the three months ended March 31, 2015 . Generally, the modifications were extensions of term, modifying the payment terms from principal and interest to interest only for an extended period, or reduction in interest rate. All TDRs are evaluated individually for allowance for loan loss purposes.



	For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2016
Dollars in thousands	Number of Modifications	Pre-modification Recorded Investment		Post-modification Recorded Investment
Commercial	—	$	—	$	—
Commercial real estate
Owner-occupied	—	—		—
Non-owner occupied	—	—		—
Construction and development
Land & land development	—	—		—
Construction	—	—		—
Residential real estate
Non-jumbo	1	250		250
Jumbo	—	—		—
Home equity	—	—		—
Consumer	—	—		—
Total	1	$	250	$	250

The following table presents defaults during the stated period of TDRs that were restructured during the past twelve months. For purposes of these tables, a default is considered as either the loan was past due 30 days or more at any time during the period, or the loan was fully or partially charged off during the period.



	For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2016
Dollars in thousands	Number of Defaults	Recorded Investment at Default Date
Commercial	—	$	—
Commercial real estate
Owner-occupied	—	—
Non-owner occupied	—	—
Construction and development
Land & land development	1	1,182
Construction	—	—
Residential real estate
Non-jumbo	—	—
Jumbo	—	—
Home equity	—	—
Consumer	—	—
Total	1	$	1,182

The following table details the activity regarding TDRs by loan type for the three months ended March 31, 2016, and the related allowance on TDRs.



For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2016
	Construction & Land Development								Commercial Real Estate						Residential Real Estate
Dollars in thousands	Land & Land Develop- ment			Construc- tion		Commer- cial			Owner Occupied			Non- Owner Occupied			Non- jumbo			Jumbo			Home Equity		Con- sumer			Other		Total
Troubled debt restructurings
Balance January 1, 2016	$	4,188		$	—	$	242		$	9,314		$	6,059		$	5,496		$	4,634		$	523	$	68		$	—	$	30,524
Additions	—			—		—			—			—			250			—			—		—			—		250
Charge-offs	—			—		—			—			—			(52		)	—			—		—			—		(52		)
Net (paydowns) advances	(191		)	—		(42		)	(33		)	(45		)	(29		)	(27		)	—		(6		)	—		(373		)
Transfer into foreclosed properties	—			—		—			—			—			—			—			—		—			—		—
Refinance out of TDR status	—			—		—			—			—			—			—			—		—			—		—
Balance, March 31, 2016	$	3,997		$	—	$	200		$	9,281		$	6,014		$	5,665		$	4,607		$	523	$	62		$	—	$	30,349

Allowance related to troubled debt restructurings	$	—		$	—	$	—		$	153		$	10		$	187		$	31		$	—	$	—		$	—	$	381

We categorize loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, and current economic trends, among other factors. We analyze loans individually by classifying the loans as to credit risk. We internally grade all commercial loans at the time of loan origination. In addition, we perform an annual loan review on all non-homogenous commercial loan relationships with an aggregate exposure of $2 million, at which time these loans are re-graded. We use the following definitions for our risk grades:

Pass: Loans graded as Pass are loans to borrowers of acceptable credit quality and risk. They are higher quality loans that do not fit any of the other categories described below.

OLEM (Special Mention): Commercial loans categorized as OLEM are potentially weak. The credit risk may be relatively minor yet represent a risk given certain specific circumstances. If the potential weaknesses are not monitored or mitigated, the asset may weaken or inadequately protect our position in the future.

Substandard: Commercial loans categorized as Substandard are inadequately protected by the borrower’s ability to repay, equity, and/or the collateral pledged to secure the loan. These loans have identified weaknesses that could hinder normal repayment or collection of the debt. These loans are characterized by the distinct possibility that we will sustain some loss if the identified weaknesses are not mitigated.

Doubtful: Commercial loans categorized as Doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those loans classified as Substandard, with the added elements that the full collection of the loan is improbable and the possibility of loss is high.

Loss: Loans classified as loss are considered to be non-collectible and of such little value that their continuance as a bankable asset is not warranted. This does not mean that the loan has absolutely no recovery value, but rather it is neither practical nor desirable to defer writing off the loan, even though partial recovery may be obtained in the future.

The following table presents the recorded investment in construction and development, commercial, and commercial real estate loans which are generally evaluated based upon the internal risk ratings defined above.



Loan Risk Profile by Internal Risk Rating
	Construction and Development												Commercial Real Estate
	Land and Land Development				Construction				Commercial				Owner Occupied				Non-Owner Occupied
Dollars in thousands	3/31/2016		12/31/2015		3/31/2016		12/31/2015		3/31/2016		12/31/2015		3/31/2016		12/31/2015		3/31/2016		12/31/2015
Pass	$	58,189	$	57,155	$	7,997	$	9,970	$	100,120	$	95,174	$	200,487	$	202,226	$	346,784	$	329,861
OLEM (Special Mention)	1,528		1,598		—		—		1,310		1,295		536		546		939		1,602
Substandard	6,766		6,747		—		—		312		732		1,657		783		5,628		5,831
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Loss	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	66,483	$	65,500	$	7,997	$	9,970	$	101,742	$	97,201	$	202,680	$	203,555	$	353,351	$	337,294

The following table presents the recorded investment in consumer, residential real estate, and home equity loans, which are generally evaluated based on the aging status of the loans, which was previously presented, and payment activity.



	Performing						Nonperforming
Dollars in thousands	3/31/2016		12/31/2015		3/31/2015		3/31/2016		12/31/2015		3/31/2015
Residential real estate
Non-jumbo	$	218,345	$	218,763	$	216,509	$	3,023	$	2,987	$	3,429
Jumbo	50,057		50,313		49,779		—		—		713
Home Equity	73,872		74,042		68,545		225		258		349
Consumer	18,960		19,149		18,420		135		102		65
Other	11,235		11,669		11,074		—		—		—
Total	$	372,469	$	373,936	$	364,327	$	3,383	$	3,347	$	4,556

Loan commitments: ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, requires that commitments to make mortgage loans should be accounted for as derivatives if the loans are to be held for sale, because the commitment represents a written option and accordingly is recorded at the fair value of the option liability.