3. Fair Value Measurements

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2013

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements

ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date.  ASC Topic 820 also establishes a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.  The standard describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value.

Level 1:  Quoted prices (unadjusted) or identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity has the ability to access as of the measurement date.

Level 2:  Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, and other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3:  Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a company’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

Accordingly, securities available-for-sale are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Additionally, from time to time, we may be required to record other assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, such as loans held for sale, and impaired loans held for investment.  These nonrecurring fair value adjustments typically involve application of lower of cost or market accounting or write-downs of individual assets.

Following is a description of valuation methodologies used for assets and liabilities recorded at fair value.

Available-for-Sale Securities:  Investment securities available-for-sale are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Fair value measurement is based upon quoted prices, if available.  If quoted prices are not available, fair values are measured using independent pricing models or other model-based valuation techniques such as the present value of future cash flows, adjusted for the security’s credit rating, prepayment assumptions and other factors such as credit loss assumptions.  Level 1 securities include those traded on an active exchange, such as the New York Stock Exchange, U.S. Treasury securities that are traded by dealers or brokers in active over-the-counter markets and money market funds.  Level 2 securities include mortgage-backed securities issued by government sponsored entities, municipal bonds and corporate debt securities.

Derivative Financial Instruments:  Derivative financial instruments are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Fair value measurement is based on pricing models run by a third-party, utilizing observable market-based inputs.  All future floating cash flows are projected and both floating and fixed cash flows are discounted to the valuation date. As a result, we classify interest rate swaps as Level 2.

Loans Held for Sale:  Loans held for sale are carried at the lower of cost or market value.  The fair value of loans held for sale is based on what secondary markets are currently offering for portfolios with similar characteristics.  As such, we classify loans subject to nonrecurring fair value adjustments as Level 2.

Loans:  We do not record loans at fair value on a recurring basis. However, from time to time, a loan is considered impaired and an allowance for loan losses is established.  Loans for which it is probable that payment of interest and principal will not be made in accordance with the original contractual terms of the loan agreement are considered impaired.  Once a loan is identified as individually impaired, management measures impairment in accordance with ASC Topic 310, Accounting by Creditors for Impairment of a Loan.  The fair value of impaired loans is estimated using one of several methods, including collateral value, liquidation value and discounted cash flows. Those impaired loans not requiring an allowance represent loans for which the fair value of the expected repayments or collateral exceed the recorded investments in such loans. At December 31, 2013, substantially all of the total impaired loans were evaluated based on the fair value of the collateral.  In accordance with ASC Topic 310, impaired loans where an allowance is established based on the fair value of collateral requires classification in the fair value hierarchy. When the fair value of the collateral is based on an observable market price or a current appraised value, we record the impaired loan as nonrecurring Level 2. When a current appraised value is not available and there is no observable market price, we record the impaired loan as nonrecurring Level 3.

When a collateral dependent loan is identified as impaired, management immediately begins the process of evaluating the estimated fair value of the underlying collateral to determine if a related specific allowance for loan losses or charge-off is necessary.  Current appraisals are ordered once a loan is deemed impaired if the existing appraisal is more than twelve months old, or more frequently if there is known deterioration in value. For recently identified impaired loans, a current appraisal may not be available at the financial statement date. Until the current appraisal is obtained, the original appraised value is discounted, as appropriate, to compensate for the estimated depreciation in the value of the loan’s underlying collateral since the date of the original appraisal.  Such discounts are generally estimated based upon management’s knowledge of sales of similar collateral within the applicable market area and its knowledge of other real estate market-related data as well as general economic trends.  When a new appraisal is received (which generally are received within 3 months of a loan being identified as impaired), management then re-evaluates the fair value of the collateral and adjusts any specific allocated allowance for loan losses, as appropriate.  In addition, management also assigns a discount of 7–10% for the estimated costs to sell the collateral.

Other Real Estate Owned (“OREO”):  OREO consists of real estate acquired in foreclosure or other settlement of loans. Such assets are carried on the balance sheet at the lower of the investment in the real estate or its fair value less estimated selling costs.  The fair value of OREO is determined on a nonrecurring basis generally utilizing current appraisals performed by an independent, licensed appraiser applying an income or market value approach using observable market data (Level 2).  Updated appraisals of OREO are generally obtained if the existing appraisal is more than 18 months old, or more frequently if there is a known deterioration in value.  However, if a current appraisal is not available, the original appraised value is discounted, as appropriate, to compensate for the estimated depreciation in the value of the real estate since the date of its original appraisal.  Such discounts are generally estimated based upon management’s knowledge of sales of similar property within the applicable market area and its knowledge of other real estate market-related data as well as general economic trends (Level 3).  Upon foreclosure, any fair value adjustment is charged against the allowance for loan losses.  Subsequent fair value adjustments are recorded in the period incurred and included in noninterest expense in the consolidated statements of income.

A distribution of asset and liability fair values according to the fair value hierarchy at December 31, 2013 and 2012 is provided in the tables below.

Assets and Liabilities Recorded at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The table below presents the recorded amount of assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis.

	Balance at		Fair Value Measurements Using:
Dollars in thousands	December 31, 2013		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Available for sale securities
U.S. Government sponsored agencies	$	29,657	$	-	$	29,657	$	-
Mortgage backed securities:
Government sponsored agencies		155,716		-		155,716		-
Nongovernment sponsored entities		11,819		-		11,819		-
State and political subdivisions		15,870		-		15,870		-
Corporate debt securities		3,966		-		3,966		-
Other equity securities		77		-		77		-
Tax-exempt state and political subdivisions		71,675		-		71,675		-
Total available for sale securities	$	288,780	$	-	$	288,780	$	-
Derivative financial instrument
Interest rate swaps	$	803	$	-	$	803

	Balance at		Fair Value Measurements Using:
Dollars in thousands	December 31, 2012		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Available for sale securities
U.S. Government sponsored agencies	$	29,020	$	-	$	29,020	$	-
Mortgage backed securities:
Government sponsored agencies		136,570		-		136,570		-
Nongovernment sponsored entities		15,745		-		15,745		-
State and political subdivisions		12,169		-		12,169		-
Corporate debt securities		1,950		-		1,950		-
Other equity securities		77		-		77		-
Tax-exempt state and political subdivisions		83,270		-		83,270		-
Tax-exempt mortgage backed securities		2,738		-		2,738		-
Total available for sale securities	$	281,539	$	-	$	281,539	$	-

Assets and Liabilities Recorded at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

We may be required, from time to time, to measure certain assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.  These include assets that are measured at the lower of cost or market that were recognized at fair value below cost at the end of the period.  Assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis are included in the tables below.

	Total at		Fair Value Measurements Using:
Dollars in thousands	December 31, 2013		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Residential mortgage loans held for sale	$	321	$	-	$	321	$	-
Impaired loans
Commercial	$	1,616			$	920	$	696
Commercial real estate		17,902		-		4,879		13,023
Construction and development		22,083		-		17,590		4,493
Residential real estate		14,747		-		8,336		6,411
Consumer		34		-		3		31
Total impaired loans	$	56,382	$	-	$	31,728	$	24,654
OREO
Commercial	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-
Commercial real estate		9,903		-		9,903		-
Construction and development		31,610		-		29,993		1,617
Residential real estate		11,879		-		11,847		32
Consumer		-		-				-
Total OREO	$	53,392	$	-	$	51,743	$	1,649

	Total at		Fair Value Measurements Using:
Dollars in thousands	December 31, 2012		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Residential mortgage loans held for sale	$	226	$	-	$	226	$	-
Impaired loans
Commercial	$	10,856	$	-	$	5,013	$	5,843
Commercial real estate		25,435		-		16,331		9,104
Construction and development		27,352		-		24,578		2,774
Residential real estate		24,442		-		21,625		2,817
Consumer		50		-		-		50
Total impaired loans	$	88,135	$	-	$	67,547	$	20,588
OREO
Commercial	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-
Commercial real estate		11,835		-		11,047		788
Construction and development		40,671		-		35,978		4,693
Residential real estate		3,666		-		3,666		-
Consumer		-		-				-
Total OREO	$	56,172	$	-	$	50,691	$	5,481

Our policy with respect to troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”), included in impaired loans, is to appraise any underlying collateral at the time of restructure, and then only obtain periodic reappraisals if the TDR is not performing in accordance with the terms of the restructure.  Substantially all Level 3 fair values of impaired loans in the above tables are performing TDRs.

ASC Topic 825, Financial Instruments, requires disclosure of the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities, including those financial assets and financial liabilities that are not measured and reported at fair value on a recurring basis or non-recurring basis.  The following summarizes the methods and significant assumptions we used in estimating our fair value disclosures for financial instruments.

Cash and cash equivalents:  The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents approximate their estimated fair value.

Interest bearing deposits with other banks:  The carrying values of interest bearing deposits with other banks approximate their estimated fair values.

Federal funds sold:  The carrying values of Federal funds sold approximate their estimated fair values.

Securities:  Estimated fair values of securities are based on quoted market prices, where available.  If quoted market prices are not available, estimated fair values are based on quoted market prices of comparable securities.

Loans held for sale:  The carrying values of loans held for sale approximate their estimated fair values.

Loans:  The estimated fair values for loans are computed based on scheduled future cash flows of principal and interest, discounted at interest rates currently offered for loans with similar terms to borrowers of similar credit quality.  No prepayments of principal are assumed.

Accrued interest receivable and payable:  The carrying values of accrued interest receivable and payable approximate their estimated fair values.

Deposits:  The estimated fair values of demand deposits (i.e. non-interest bearing checking, NOW, money market and savings accounts) and other variable rate deposits approximate their carrying values.  Fair values of fixed maturity deposits are estimated using a discounted cash flow methodology at rates currently offered for deposits with similar remaining maturities.  Any intangible value of long-term relationships with depositors is not considered in estimating the fair values disclosed.

Short-term borrowings:  The carrying values of short-term borrowings approximate their estimated fair values.

Long-term borrowings:  The fair values of long-term borrowings are estimated by discounting scheduled future payments of principal and interest at current rates available on borrowings with similar terms.

Subordinated debentures:  The carrying values of subordinated debentures approximate their estimated fair values.

Subordinated debentures owed to unconsolidated subsidiary trusts:  The carrying values of subordinated debentures owed to unconsolidated subsidiary trusts approximate their estimated fair values.

Derivative financial instruments:  The fair value of the interest rate swaps is valued using independent pricing models.

Off-balance sheet instruments:  The fair values of commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit are estimated using the fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements and the present credit standing of the counter parties.  The amounts of fees currently charged on commitments and standby letters of credit are deemed insignificant, and therefore, the estimated fair values and carrying values are not shown below.

The carrying values and estimated fair values of our financial instruments are summarized below:

	At December 31,
	2013				2012
	Carrying		Estimated		Carrying		Estimated
Dollars in thousands	Value		Fair Value		Value		Fair Value
Financial assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	11,782	$	11,782	$	14,802	$	14,802
Securities available for sale		288,780		288,780		281,539		281,539
Other investments		7,815		7,815		14,658		14,658
Loans held for sale, net		321		321		226		226
Loans, net		937,070		952,592		937,168		965,454
Accrued interest receivable		5,669		5,669		5,621		5,621
Derivative financial assets		803		803		-		-
	$	1,252,240	$	1,267,762	$	1,254,014	$	1,282,300
Financial liabilities
Deposits	$	1,003,812	$	1,029,606	$	1,027,125	$	1,064,957
Short-term borrowings		62,769		62,769		3,958		3,958
Long-term borrowings		163,516		173,863		203,268		220,175
Subordinated debentures		16,800		16,800		16,800		16,800
Subordinated debentures owed to
unconsolidated subsidiary trusts		19,589		19,589		19,589		19,589
Accrued interest payable		1,433		1,433		1,877		1,877
	$	1,267,919	$	1,304,060	$	1,272,617	$	1,327,356