The income tax benefit (provision) consisted of the following (in millions of dollars):

	Quarter Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2021			2020			2021			2020
Domestic	$	16.7		$	(1.0	)	$	17.3		$	(10.6	)
Foreign		(1.2	)		(0.3	)		(1.5	)		(0.3	)
Total	$	15.5		$	(1.3	)	$	15.8		$	(10.9	)

The income tax benefit (provision) for the quarters ended June 30, 2021 and June 30, 2020 was $15.5 million and $(1.3) million, respectively, reflecting an effective tax rate of 41% and (24%), respectively. The difference between the effective tax rate and the projected blended statutory tax rate for the quarter ended June 30, 2021 was primarily due to: (i) an increase of 22% related to non‑deductible compensation expense; (ii) an increase of 5% related to foreign withholding tax; (iii) an increase of 4% due to various permanent items not deductible for tax purposes; (iv) an increase of 1% related to the valuation allowance for certain state net operating losses; and (v) an increase of 1% for the recognition of excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation, partially offset by a decrease of 15% related to a Federal R&D Credit.

The difference between the effective tax rate and the projected blended statutory tax rate for the quarter ended June 30, 2020 was primarily due to: (i) an increase of 37% to the tax provision for a change in forecasted earnings and its impact on the annual effective tax rate and (ii) an increase of 19% to the tax provision for an increase to the valuation allowance for certain state net operating losses.

The income tax benefit (provision) for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and June 30, 2020 was $15.8 million and $(10.9) million, respectively, reflecting an effective tax rate of 47% and 33% respectively. The difference between the effective tax rate and the projected blended statutory tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2021 was primarily due to: (i) an increase of 22% related to non-deductible compensation expense; (ii) an increase of 5% related to foreign withholding tax; (iii) an increase of 4% due to various permanent items not deductible for tax purposes; (iv) an increase of 3% related to the valuation allowance for certain state net operating losses; (v) an increase of 2% for a foreign tax rate difference; (vi) an increase of 2% for the recognition of excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation; and (vii) an increase of 2% for a change in state tax rate due to the Warrick acquisition, partially offset by a decrease of 15% related to a Federal R&D Credit.

The difference between the effective tax rate and the projected blended statutory tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2020 was primarily due to: (i) an increase of 4% to the tax provision related to the valuation allowance for certain state net operating losses and (ii) an increase of 2% to the tax provision related to non-deductible compensation expense, partially offset by a decrease of 2% to the tax provision for the recognition of excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation.

Our gross unrecognized benefits relating to uncertain tax positions were $4.0 million and $3.8 million at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, of which, $1.5 million would be recorded through our income tax provision and thus impact the effective tax rate at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, if the gross unrecognized tax benefits were to be recognized.

We do not expect our gross unrecognized tax benefits to significantly change within the next 12 months.