7. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, Net

For reporting units with goodwill, we perform goodwill impairment tests on an annual basis on August 1st, or more frequently, if circumstances change or an event occurs that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. As part of our impairment analysis for these reporting units, we performed a qualitative assessment or we determined the fair value of the reporting unit based on estimates of its future cash flows.

The following table presents the carrying amount of Goodwill in our Consolidated Balance Sheets for each operating segment:



(in millions)	Truck		Parts		Global Operations			Total
As of October 31, 2013	$	—	$	38	$	146		$	184
Impairments	—		—		(142		)	(142		)
Currency translation	—		—		(4		)	(4		)
As of October 31, 2014	$	—	$	38	$	—		$	38
Impairments and currency translation	—		—		—			—
As of October 31, 2015	$	—	$	38	$	—		$	38
Impairments and currency translation	—		—		—			—
As of October 31, 2016	$	—	$	38	$	—		$	38

During 2014, the economic downturn in Brazil resulted in the continued decline in actual and forecasted results for the Brazilian engine reporting unit with goodwill of $142 million and an indefinite-lived intangible asset, trademark, of $43 million. As a result, we performed an impairment analysis utilizing the income approach, based on discounted cash flows, which are derived from internal forecasts and economic expectations. It was determined that the carrying value of the Brazilian engine reporting unit, including goodwill, exceeded its fair value. As a result we compared the implied fair value of the reporting unit's goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. A decrease in the enterprise value of the reporting unit coupled with appreciation in the value of certain tangible assets, which are not recognized for accounting purposes, resulted in the determination that the entire $142 million of goodwill was impaired. In addition, we determined that the related trademark was impaired and recognized an impairment charge of $7 million. The non-cash impairment charges were included in Asset impairment charges in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Our intangible assets that are not subject to amortization as of October 31, 2016 and 2015 includes trademarks in our Brazilian engine reporting unit of $21 million and $19 million, respectively. During the third quarters of 2016 and 2015, we determined that $1 million and $3 million, respectively, of the trademark asset carrying value was impaired. For more information, see Note 2, Restructuring and Impairments.

Information regarding our intangible assets that are subject to amortization is as follows:



	As of October 31, 2016
(in millions)	Customer Base and Relationships			Trademarks, Patents and Other			Total
Gross carrying value	$	73		$	121		$	194
Accumulated amortization	(65		)	(97		)	(162		)
Net of amortization	$	8		$	24		$	32



	As of October 31, 2015
(in millions)	Customer Base and Relationships			Trademarks, Patents and Other			Total
Gross carrying value	$	69		$	89		$	158
Accumulated amortization	(58		)	(62		)	(120		)
Net of amortization	$	11		$	27		$	38

We recorded amortization expense for our finite-lived intangible assets of $12 million, $10 million, and $18 million for the years ended October 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively. Future estimated amortization expense for our finite-lived intangible assets for the remaining years is as follows:



(in millions)	Estimated Amortization
2017	$	13
2018	8
2019	4
2020	2
2021	1
Thereafter	4