Employee Benefit Plans - (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Compensation and Retirement Disclosure [Abstract]

Defined benefit plan funded status of plan

Below is the reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of benefit obligations, fair value of plan assets and the funded status of our plans.



	U.S. Pension Benefits						Non-U.S. Pension Benefits						Other Postretirement Benefits
	2015			2014			2015			2014			2015			2014
Change in benefit obligation:
Benefit obligation at beginning of year	$	728		$	649		$	872		$	799		$	122		$	128
Service cost	64			70			15			11			5			6
Interest cost	26			28			30			34			4			5
Actuarial loss (gain)	(4		)	21			(23		)	120			(10		)	1
Benefits paid	(59		)	(35		)	(35		)	(29		)	(11		)	(7		)
Plan amendments	—			—			—			—			—			(11		)
Curtailment	(24		)	—			(2		)	—			(2		)	—
Other	4			(5		)	(6		)	(3		)	(1		)	—
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—			—			(53		)	(60		)	—			—
Benefit obligation at end of year	735			728			798			872			107			122

Change in plan assets:
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year	648			617			767			645			—			—
Actual return on plan assets	(5		)	39			4			122			—			—
Employer contributions	16			32			28			78			11			7
Benefits paid	(59		)	(35		)	(35		)	(29		)	(11		)	(7		)
Other	(5		)	(5		)	(6		)	—			—			—
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—			—			(45		)	(49		)	—			—
Fair value of plan assets at end of year	595			648			713			767			—			—

Funded status - underfunded at end of year	$	(140	)	$	(80	)	$	(85	)	$	(105	)	$	(107	)	$	(122	)

Accumulated benefit obligation	$	681		$	662		$	763		$	832		$	107		$	122

Amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheet

The amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets consist of the following at December 31:



	U.S. Pension Benefits						Non-U.S. Pension Benefits						Other Postretirement Benefits
	2015			2014			2015			2014			2015			2014
Noncurrent assets	$	—		$	—		$	51		$	42		$	—		$	—
Current liabilities	(2		)	(2		)	(6		)	(7		)	(16		)	(13		)
Noncurrent liabilities	(138		)	(78		)	(130		)	(140		)	(91		)	(109		)
Net amount recognized	$	(140	)	$	(80	)	$	(85	)	$	(105	)	$	(107	)	$	(122	)

Accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets

Information for the plans with ABOs in excess of plan assets is as follows at December 31:



	U.S. Pension Benefits				Non-U.S. Pension Benefits				Other Postretirement Benefits
	2015		2014		2015		2014		2015		2014
Projected benefit obligation	$	735	$	19	$	149	$	164	n/a		n/a
Accumulated benefit obligation	$	681	$	18	$	114	$	125	$	107	$	122
Fair value of plan assets	$	595	$	—	$	12	$	17	n/a		n/a

Weighted average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations

Weighted average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations for these plans are as follows for the years ended December 31:



	U.S. Pension Benefits				Non-U.S. Pension Benefits				Other Postretirement Benefits
	2015		2014		2015		2014		2015		2014
Discount rate	4.2	%	3.8	%	3.7	%	3.5	%	3.7	%	3.4	%
Rate of compensation increase	5.9	%	5.8	%	4.1	%	4.1	%	n/a		n/a
Social security increase	2.8	%	2.8	%	2.2	%	2.1	%	n/a		n/a

Accumulated other comprehensive loss

The amount recorded before-tax in accumulated other comprehensive loss related to employee benefit plans consists of the following at December 31:



	U.S. Pension Benefits				Non-U.S. Pension Benefits				Other Postretirement Benefits
	2015		2014		2015		2014		2015			2014
Net actuarial loss	$	191	$	174	$	229	$	231	$	10		$	25
Net prior service cost (credit)	—		1		—		—		(54		)	(83		)
Total	$	191	$	175	$	229	$	231	$	(44	)	$	(58	)

Net periodic cost

The components of net periodic cost are as follows for the years ended December 31:



	U.S. Pension Benefits									Non-U.S. Pension Benefits									Other Postretirement Benefits
	2015			2014			2013			2015			2014			2013			2015			2014			2013
Service cost	$	64		$	70		$	65		$	15		$	11		$	12		$	5		$	6		$	6
Interest cost	26			28			21			30			34			31			4			5			5
Expected return on plan assets	(49		)	(44		)	(39		)	(47		)	(41		)	(37		)	—			—			—
Amortization of prior service credit	1			—			—			—			—			—			(11		)	(11		)	(7		)
Amortization of net actuarial loss	9			8			13			6			5			8			1			1			2
Curtailment gain	—			—			—			(1		)	—			—			(17		)	—			—
Other	8			—			—			—			—			2			—			(3		)	—
Net periodic cost	$	59		$	62		$	60		$	3		$	9		$	16		$	(18	)	$	(2	)	$	6

Weighted average assumptions used to determine net periodic cost

Weighted average assumptions used to determine net periodic cost for these plans are as follows for the years ended December 31:



	U.S. Pension Benefits						Non-U.S. Pension Benefits						Other Postretirement Benefits
	2015		2014		2013		2015		2014		2013		2015		2014		2013
Discount rate	3.7	%	4.5	%	3.6	%	3.5	%	4.4	%	4.4	%	3.3	%	4.0	%	3.2	%
Expected long-term return on plan assets	7.6	%	7.3	%	7.4	%	6.3	%	6.1	%	6.5	%	n/a		n/a		n/a
Rate of compensation increase	5.8	%	5.6	%	5.6	%	4.1	%	4.4	%	4.4	%	n/a		n/a		n/a
Social security increase	2.8	%	2.8	%	2.8	%	2.1	%	2.4	%	2.1	%	n/a		n/a		n/a

Effect of one-percentage point change in assumed health care Cost trend rates

A one percentage point change in assumed health care cost trend rates would have had the following effects on 2015:



	One Percentage Point Increase		One Percentage Point Decrease
Effect on total of service and interest cost components	$	0.1	$	(0.1	)
Effect on postretirement welfare benefit obligation	$	0.9	$	(1.2	)

Fair values of the assets in U.S. Plan



	2015								2014
Asset Category	Total Asset Value		Level One		Level Two		Level Three		Total Asset Value		Level One		Level Two		Level Three
Cash and Cash Equivalents	$	16	$	12	$	4	$	—	$	3	$	—	$	3	$	—
Fixed Income ⁽¹⁾	109		—		109		—		125		—		125		—
Non-U.S. Equity ⁽²⁾	129		31		98		—		148		30		118		—
U.S. Equity ⁽³⁾	129		—		129		—		169		—		169		—
Hedge Funds ⁽⁴⁾	152		—		—		152		164		—		—		164
Real Estate Funds ⁽⁵⁾	10		—		—		10		10		—		—		10
Real Estate Investment Trust Equity	9		—		9		—		8		—		8		—
Private Equity Fund ⁽⁶⁾	41		—		—		41		21		—		—		21
Total	$	595	$	43	$	349	$	203	$	648	$	30	$	423	$	195


⁽¹⁾	A multi-manager strategy investing in fixed income securities and funds. The current allocation includes: 29% in government bonds; 24% in government agencies; 20% in unconstrained bond funds; 11% in corporate bonds; 11% in government mortgage-backed securities; 3% in asset-backed securities; and 2% in cash and other securities.


⁽²⁾	Multi-manager strategy investing in common stocks of non-U.S. listed companies using both value and growth approaches.


⁽³⁾	Multi-manager strategy investing in common stocks of U.S. listed companies using value and growth approaches.


⁽⁴⁾	Strategies taking long and short positions in equities, fixed income securities, currencies and derivative contracts.


⁽⁵⁾	Strategy investing in the global private real estate secondary market using a value-based investment approach.


⁽⁶⁾	Partnership making opportunistic investments on a global basis across asset classes, capital structures and geographies.

Fair values of the assets in our Non-U.S Plans by asset category and by levels of fair value

The table below presents the fair value of the assets in our Non-U.S. Plans by asset category and by valuation technique at December 31:



	2015								2014
Asset Category	Total Asset Value		Level One		Level Two		Level Three		Total Asset Value		Level One		Level Two		Level Three
Cash and Cash Equivalents	$	5	$	5	$	—	$	—	$	10	$	10	$	—	$	—
Asset Allocation ⁽¹⁾	152		—		152		—		124		—		124		—
Bonds - Canada - Corporate ⁽²⁾	6		—		6		—		—		—		—		—
Bonds - Canada - Government ⁽³⁾	19		—		19		—		25		—		25		—
Bonds - U.K. - Corporate ⁽⁴⁾	8		—		8		—		113		—		113		—
Bonds - U.K. - Government ⁽⁵⁾	211		—		211		—		196		—		196		—
Bonds - Global - Corporate ⁽⁶⁾	64		—		64		—		—		—		—		—
Equities ⁽⁷⁾	128		—		128		—		133		—		133		—
Real Estate Fund ⁽⁸⁾	23		—		—		23		22		—		—		22
Pooled Swap Funds ⁽⁹⁾	85		—		85		—		127		—		127		—
Insurance contracts	12		—		—		12		17		—		—		17
Total	$	713	$	5	$	673	$	35	$	767	$	10	$	718	$	39


⁽¹⁾	Invests in mixes of global common stocks and bonds to achieve broad diversification.


⁽²⁾	Invests in Canadian Dollar-denominated high quality corporate bonds.


⁽³⁾	Invests in Canadian Dollar-denominated government issued bonds intended to match the duration of plan liabilities.


⁽⁴⁾	Invests passively in British Pound Sterling-denominated investment grade corporate bonds.


⁽⁵⁾	Invests passively in British Pound Sterling-denominated government issued bonds.


⁽⁶⁾	Invests globally in high quality corporate bonds.


⁽⁷⁾	Invests in broad equity funds based on securities offered in various regions or countries. Equity funds are allocated by region as follows: 49% Global; 31% U.K.; 6% Emerging Markets; 5% North America; 5% Asia Pacific; and 4% Europe.


⁽⁸⁾	Invests in a diversified range of property throughout the U.K., principally in the retail, office and industrial/warehouse sectors.


⁽⁹⁾	Invests in a range of pooled funds which include positions in swap contracts and U.K. sovereign bonds; pooled funds are categorized by maturities of underlying positions. Pooled funds employ leverage in order to match the U.K. Plan's duration and inflation.

Changes in the fair value of assets

The following table presents the changes in the fair value of assets determined using level 3 unobservable inputs:



	U.S. Private Equity Fund			U.S. Real Estate Fund			U.S. Hedge Funds			Non-U.S. Real Estate Fund		Non-U.S. Insurance Contracts			Total
Balance at December 31, 2012	$	16		$	7		$	172		$	20	$	16		$	231
Unrealized gains	2			—			12			1		2			17
Realized gains	—			—			7			—		—			7
Sales	(10		)	—			(84		)	—		(2		)	(96		)
Purchases	8			2			83			—		2			95
Balance at December 31, 2013	16			9			190			21		18			254
Unrealized gains (losses)	—			1			6			1		(1		)	7
Realized gains	1			—			7			—		—			8
Sales	(4		)	—			(85		)	—		—			(89		)
Purchases	8			—			46			—		—			54
Balance at December 31, 2014	21			10			164			22		17			234
Unrealized losses	—			—			(6		)	—		(2		)	(8		)
Realized gains	—			1			1			—		—			2
Sales	(4		)	(2		)	(15		)	—		(5		)	(26		)
Purchases	24			1			8			1		2			36
Balance at December 31, 2015	$	41		$	10		$	152		$	23	$	12		$	238

Expected future benefit payments

The following table presents the expected benefit payments over the next ten years. The U.S. and non-U.S. pension benefit payments are made by the respective pension trust funds.



Year	U.S. Pension Benefits			Non-U.S. Pension Benefits			Other Postretirement Benefits
2016		$	47		$	24		$	17
2017		$	41		$	25		$	13
2018		$	43		$	28		$	11
2019		$	46		$	33		$	10
2020		$	48		$	32		$	10
2021-2025		$	280		$	204		$	43