10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
	For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2023
or
☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
	For the transition period from ___ to ___

Commission File Number: 001-36632

EMCORE Corporation

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

New Jersey	22-2746503
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

2015 W. Chestnut Street, Alhambra, California, 91803

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (626) 293-3400

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, no par value	EMKR	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC	(Nasdaq Global Market)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☑ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). ☑ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. ☐ Large accelerated filer ☑ Accelerated filer ☐ Non-accelerated filer ☑ Smaller reporting company ☐ Emerging growth company

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes ☑ No

As of August 7, 2023, the number of shares outstanding of no par value common stock totaled 54,160,478.

EMCORE CORPORATION

FORM 10-Q QUARTERLY REPORT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		Page
	Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements	4
PART I.	FINANCIAL INFORMATION	6
Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)	6
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022	6
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the Three and Nine Months Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022	7
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the Three and Nine Months Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022	8
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three and Nine Months Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022	9
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	10
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	24
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	31
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	32
PART II.	OTHER INFORMATION	32
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	32
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	32
Item 6.	Exhibits	34
	Signatures	36

3

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). These forward-looking statements are made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements are based on current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends affecting the financial condition of our business. Such forward-looking statements include, in particular, projections about future results included in our Exchange Act reports and statements about plans, strategies, business prospects, changes and trends in our business and the markets in which we operate. These forward-looking statements may be identified by the use of terms and phrases such as “anticipates,” “believes,” “can,” “could,” “estimates,” “expects,” “forecasts,” “intends,” “may,” “plans,” “projects,” “should,” “targets,” “will,” “would,” and similar expressions or variations of these terms and similar phrases. Additionally, statements concerning future matters such as our expected liquidity, development of new products, enhancements, or technologies, sales levels, expense levels, expectations regarding the outcome of legal proceedings, and other statements regarding matters that are not historical are forward-looking statements. Management cautions that these forward-looking statements relate to future events or future financial performance and are subject to business, economic, and other risks and uncertainties, both known and unknown, that may cause actual results, levels of activity, performance, or achievements of our business or the industries in which we operate to be materially different from those expressed or implied by any forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences in results and outcomes include without limitation the following:

•risks related to our ability to obtain capital;

•any disruptions to our operations as a result of our restructuring activities;

•costs and expenses incurred in connection with restructuring activities and anticipated operational costs savings arising from the restructuring actions;

•the effects of personnel losses;

•risks and uncertainties related to customer and vendor relationships and contractual obligations with respect to the shutdown of the Broadband business segment and the discontinuance of our defense optoelectronics product line;

•risks and uncertainties related to the closing of the manufacturing support and engineering center in China;

•risks related to any potential sale of our wafer fabrication facility and/or our remaining Broadband businesses, including without limitation the failure to achieve any anticipated proceeds from any such sale or to fully realize the anticipated benefits of such a transaction, diversion of management's time and attention from our remaining businesses to the sale of such businesses, third party costs incurred by the Company related to any such transaction, and risks associated with any liabilities related to any such assets or business that are retained by the Company in any sale transaction;

•the effect of component shortages and any alternatives thereto;

•the rapidly evolving markets for our products and uncertainty regarding the development of these markets;

•our historical dependence on sales to a limited number of customers and fluctuations in the mix of products and customers in any period;

•delays and other difficulties in commercializing new products;

•the failure of new products: (a) to perform as expected without material defects, (b) to be manufactured at acceptable volumes, yields, and cost, (c) to be qualified and accepted by our customers, and (d) to successfully compete with products offered by our competitors;

•uncertainties concerning the availability and cost of commodity materials and specialized product components that we do not make internally;

•actions by competitors;

•risks and uncertainties related to the outcome of legal proceedings;

•risks and uncertainties related to applicable laws and regulations;

•acquisition-related risks, including that (a) revenue and net operating results obtained from the Systron Donner Inertial, Inc. (“SDI”) business, the L3Harris Space and Navigation (“S&N”) business, or the Inertial Navigation Systems business (“EMCORE Chicago”) of KVH Industries, Inc. (“KVH”) may not meet our expectations, (b) the costs and cash expenditures for integration of the S&N business operations or EMCORE Chicago may be higher than expected, (c) there could be losses and liabilities arising from the acquisition of SDI, S&N, or EMCORE Chicago that we will not be able to recover from any source, (d) we may not recognize the anticipated synergies from the acquisition of SDI, S&N, or EMCORE Chicago, and (e) we may not realize sufficient scale in our Navigation and Inertial Sensing product line from the SDI acquisition, the S&N acquisition, and the EMCORE Chicago acquisition and will need to take additional steps, including making additional acquisitions, to achieve our growth objectives for this product line;

•risks and uncertainties related to manufacturing and production capacity; and

4

•other risks and uncertainties discussed in Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2022, as such risk factors may be amended, supplemented, or superseded from time to time by our subsequent periodic reports we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).

These cautionary statements apply to all forward-looking statements wherever they appear in this Quarterly Report. Forward-looking statements are based on certain assumptions and analysis made in light of experience and perception of historical trends, current conditions, and expected future developments as well as other factors that we believe are appropriate under the circumstances. While these statements represent judgment on what the future may hold, and we believe these judgments are reasonable, these statements are not guarantees of any events or financial results. All forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report are made as of the date hereof, based on information available to us as of the date hereof, and subsequent facts or circumstances may contradict, obviate, undermine, or otherwise fail to support or substantiate such statements. We caution you not to rely on these statements without also considering the risks and uncertainties associated with these statements and our business that are addressed in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2022. Certain information included in this Quarterly Report may supersede or supplement forward-looking statements in our other reports filed with the SEC. We do not intend to update any forward-looking statement to conform such statements to actual results or to changes in our expectations, except as required by applicable law or regulation.

5

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)

EMCORE CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Unaudited)

(in thousands)	June 30, 2023		September 30, 2022
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	19,717	$	25,625
Restricted cash	495		520
Accounts receivable, net of credit loss of $363 and $337, respectively	17,451		18,073
Contract assets	5,163		4,560
Inventory	35,833		37,035
Prepaid expenses	3,378		4,061
Other current assets	2,431		3,063
Total current assets	84,468		92,937
Property, plant, and equipment, net	24,388		37,867
Goodwill	19,043		17,894
Operating lease right-of-use assets	26,534		23,243
Other intangible assets, net	15,294		14,790
Other non-current assets	2,326		2,351
Total assets	$	172,053	$	189,082
LIABILITIES and SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	11,164	$	12,729
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	10,775		8,124
Contract liabilities	1,359		5,300
Loan payable - current	852		852
Operating lease liabilities - current	2,740		2,213
Total current liabilities	26,890		29,218
Line of credit	6,485		9,599
Loan payable - non-current	4,403		5,042
Operating lease liabilities - non-current	24,737		21,625
Asset retirement obligations	4,143		4,664
Other long-term liabilities	8		106
Total liabilities	66,666		70,254
Commitments and contingencies (Note 13)
Shareholders’ equity:
Common stock, no par value, 100,000 shares authorized; 61,059 shares issued and 54,153 shares outstanding as of June 30, 2023; 44,497 shares issued and 37,591 shares outstanding as of September 30, 2022	807,605		787,347
Treasury stock at cost; 6,906 shares as of June 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022	(47,721)		(47,721)
Accumulated other comprehensive income	1,380		1,301
Accumulated deficit	(655,877)		(622,099)
Total shareholders’ equity	105,387		118,828
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	172,053	$	189,082

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

6

EMCORE CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Nine Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands, except per share data)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Revenue	$	26,698	$	23,675	$	78,471	$	98,561
Cost of revenue	23,198		19,777		68,201		69,849
Gross profit	3,500		3,898		10,270		28,712
Operating expense:
Selling, general, and administrative	6,452		7,800		26,347		22,550
Research and development	5,171		4,513		16,319		13,675
Severance	1,838		—		2,296		1,318
Gain on sale of assets	—		(1,318)		(1,147)		(1,919)
Total operating expense	13,461		10,995		43,815		35,624
Operating loss	(9,961)		(7,097)		(33,545)		(6,912)
Other income (expense):
Interest (expense) income, net	(219)		9		(682)		(14)
Foreign exchange gain (loss)	321		(185)		442		(160)
Other income (expense)	31		(349)		184		(349)
Total other income (expense)	133		(525)		(56)		(523)
Loss before income tax expense	(9,828)		(7,622)		(33,601)		(7,435)
Income tax expense	(29)		(27)		(177)		(25)
Net loss	$	(9,857)	$	(7,649)	$	(33,778)	$	(7,460)
Foreign exchange translation adjustment	(134)		69		(79)		91
Comprehensive loss	$	(9,991)	$	(7,580)	$	(33,857)	$	(7,369)
Per share data:
Net loss per basic share	$	(0.18)	$	(0.20)	$	(0.74)	$	(0.20)
Weighted-average number of basic shares outstanding	53,926		37,425		45,546		37,197
Net loss per diluted share	$	(0.18)	$	(0.20)	$	(0.74)	$	(0.20)
Weighted-average number of diluted shares outstanding	53,926		37,425		45,546		37,197

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

7

EMCORE CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Nine Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Shares of common stock
Balance, beginning of period	53,884		37,395		37,591		36,984
Stock-based compensation	269		148		1,107		553
Stock option exercises	—		—		—		6
Sale of common stock	—		—		15,455		—
Balance, end of period	54,153		37,543		54,153		37,543
Value of common stock
Balance, beginning of period	$	806,100	$	784,371	$	787,347	$	782,266
Stock-based compensation	1,713		1,523		4,982		3,755
Stock option exercises	—		—		—		29
Tax withholding paid on behalf of employees for stock-based awards	(17)		(151)		(161)		(307)
Sale of common stock	(191)		—		15,437		—
Balance, end of period	807,605		785,743		807,605		785,743
Treasury stock, beginning and end of period	(47,721)		(47,721)		(47,721)		(47,721)
Accumulated other comprehensive income
Balance, beginning of period	1,246		709		1,301		687
Translation adjustment	134		69		79		91
Balance, end of period	1,380		778		1,380		778
Accumulated deficit
Balance, beginning of period	(646,020)		(597,577)		(622,099)		(597,766)
Net loss	(9,857)		(7,649)		(33,778)		(7,460)
Balance, end of period	(655,877)		(605,226)		(655,877)		(605,226)
Total shareholders’ equity	$	105,387	$	133,574	$	105,387	$	133,574

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

8

EMCORE CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

	Nine Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$	(33,778)	$	(7,460)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization expense	6,496		3,292
Stock-based compensation expense	4,982		3,755
Provision adjustments related to credit loss	25		187
Provision adjustments related to product warranty	(57)		174
Gain on disposal of property, plant, and equipment	(1,147)		(1,919)
Other	124		299
Total non-cash adjustments	10,423		5,788
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable and contract assets	(7)		7,306
Inventory	(2,158)		3,380
Other assets	(2,000)		(5,263)
Accounts payable	(1,230)		(4,706)
Contract liabilities	(3,941)		2,650
Operating lease liabilities - current	527		(487)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	5,729		6,941
Total change in operating assets and liabilities	(3,080)		9,821
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities	(26,435)		8,149
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of equipment	(2,026)		(4,743)
Proceeds from disposal of property, plant, and equipment	10,915		2,820
Acquisition of business, net of cash acquired	96		(2,439)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	8,985		(4,362)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from borrowings from line of credit	393		—
Payments towards line of credit	(3,507)		—
Payments towards note payable	(639)		—
Proceeds from sale of common stock	15,437		—
Proceeds from employee stock purchase plans and exercise of equity awards	—		29
Taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards	(161)		(307)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	11,523		(278)
Effect of exchange rate changes provided by foreign currency	(6)		(62)
Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	(5,933)		3,447
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of period	26,145		71,682
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period	$	20,212	$	75,129
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION
Cash paid during the period for interest	$	932	$	40
Cash paid during the period for income taxes	$	120	$	547
NON-CASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Changes in accounts payable related to purchases of equipment	$	(373)	$	(76)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

9

EMCORE CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

NOTE 1.    Description of Business

EMCORE Corporation (referred to herein, together with its subsidiaries, as the “Company,” “we,” “our,” or “EMCORE”) is a leading provider of inertial navigation products for the aerospace and defense markets. We leverage industry-leading Photonic Integrated Chip (PIC), Quartz MEMS, and Lithium Niobate chip-level technology to deliver state-of-the-art component and system-level products across our end-market applications. Over the last four years, we have expanded our scale and portfolio of inertial sensor products through the acquisitions of Systron Donner Inertial, Inc. (“SDI”) in June 2019, the Space and Navigation (“S&N”) business of L3Harris Technologies, Inc. (“L3H”) in April 2022, and the FOG and Inertial Navigation Systems business (“EMCORE Chicago”) of KVH Industries, Inc. (“KVH”) in August 2022. We have vertically-integrated manufacturing capability at our headquarters in Alhambra, CA, and at our facilities in Budd Lake, NJ, Concord, CA, and Tinley Park, IL (the “Tinley Park Facility”). Our manufacturing facilities maintain ISO 9001 quality management certification, and we are AS9100 aerospace quality certified at our headquarters in Alhambra, CA and at our facilities in Budd Lake, NJ and Concord, CA. These facilities support our vertically-integrated manufacturing strategy for quartz, FOG, and Ring Laser Gyro products for navigation systems.

NOTE 2.    Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim information, and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Accordingly, they do not include all information and notes required by U.S. GAAP for annual financial statements. In our opinion, the interim financial statements reflect all adjustments, which are all normal recurring adjustments, that are necessary to provide a fair presentation of the financial results for the interim periods presented. Operating results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for an entire fiscal year. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2022 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements as of such date. For a more complete understanding of our business, financial position, operating results, cash flows, risk factors, and other matters, please refer to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2022.

We follow the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 350, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (“ASC 350”). ASC 350 requires the completion of a goodwill impairment test at least annually based on either an optional qualitative assessment or a quantitative analysis comparing the estimated fair value of a reporting unit to its carrying value as of the test date. In the current interim period ending June 30, 2023, we have elected to change our annual test date from December 31st of each year to July 1st of each year, unless there are indications requiring a more frequent impairment test. Any impairment charges would be based on the quantitative analysis. We performed our last test at December 31, 2022 and will perform our next test on July 1, 2023.

Going Concern

These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles assuming we will continue as a going concern. The going concern assumption contemplates the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. However, substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern exists.

We have recently experienced significant losses from our operations and used a significant amount of cash, amounting to a net loss of $33.8 million and net cash outflows from operations of $26.4 million for the nine months ended June 30, 2023, and we expect to continue to incur losses and use cash in our operations as we continue to restructure our business. As a result of our recent cash outflows, we have taken actions to manage our liquidity and will need to continue to manage our liquidity as we continue to restructure our operations to focus on our Aerospace & Defense business. As of June 30, 2023, our cash and cash equivalents totaled $20.2 million and we had $10.6 million available under our Credit Agreement (as defined in Note 11 - Credit Agreement in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements).

We are evaluating the sufficiency of our existing balances of cash and cash equivalents, cash flows from operations, and amounts expected to be available under our Credit Agreement, together with additional actions we could take (including those

10

made in connection with our restructuring program announced in April 2023) to further reduce our expenses and/or potentially raising capital through additional debt or equity issuances, or from the potential monetization of certain assets. However, we may not be successful in executing on our plans to manage our liquidity, including recognizing the expected benefits from our previously announced restructuring program, or raising additional funds if we elect to do so, and as a result substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern exists.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, as of the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reported period. Such estimates include accounts receivable, inventories, goodwill, long-lived assets, product warranty liabilities, legal contingencies, income taxes, asset retirement obligations, and pension obligation, as well as the evaluation associated with the Company's assessment of its ability to continue as a going concern.

We develop estimates based on historical experience and on various assumptions about the future that are believed to be reasonable based on the best information available to us. Our reported financial position or results of operations may be materially different under changed conditions or when using different estimates and assumptions, particularly with respect to significant accounting policies. In the event that estimates or assumptions prove to differ from actual results, adjustments are made in subsequent periods to reflect more current information.

NOTE 3.    Acquisitions

On August 9, 2022, we completed the acquisition of EMCORE Chicago, pursuant to which we acquired substantially all of KVH's assets and liabilities primarily related to its FOG and Inertial Navigation Systems business, including property interests in the Tinley Park Facility, for aggregate consideration of approximately $55.0 million, exclusive of transaction costs and expenses and subject to certain post-closing working capital adjustments. Following the closing, EMCORE Chicago results are included in our A&D reportable segment and in our consolidated financial statements beginning on the acquisition date. Revenue and net income of EMCORE Chicago of $9.3 million and $0.4 million, respectively, is included in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the three months ended June 30, 2023. Revenue and net income of EMCORE Chicago of $25.9 million and $2.1 million, respectively, is included in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the nine months ended June 30, 2023.

Final Purchase Price Allocation

The total purchase price for the EMCORE Chicago acquisition was allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on the estimated fair values as of the acquisition date. Since the acquisition, the purchase price allocation for EMCORE Chicago changed by a $3.3 million reduction to inventory resulting in a corresponding increase to intangible assets and goodwill acquired. Goodwill is measured as the excess of the fair value of the purchase consideration transferred over the fair value of the identifiable net assets.

The table below represents the final purchase price allocation to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed of EMCORE Chicago based on their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date based on management’s best estimates and assumptions:

(in thousands)	Amount
Tangible assets acquired:
Accounts receivable	$	4,977
Inventory	7,479
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	1,483
Property, plant, and equipment	14,442
Intangible assets acquired	13,470
Goodwill	15,867
Liabilities assumed:
Accounts payable	(1,699)
Accrued expenses	(485)
Contract liabilities	(637)
Other long-term liabilities	(8)
Total purchase consideration	$	54,889

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Included in intangible assets acquired are customer relationships of $3.0 million, technology of $2.4 million, in-process research and development of $5.9 million, and trademarks of $2.2 million.

For the three and nine months ended June 30, 2023, the Company incurred transitional and transaction costs of approximately $0.3 million and $3.6 million, respectively, in connection with the S&N and EMCORE Chicago acquisitions, which were expensed as incurred and included in selling, general, and administrative (“SG&A”) expenses within the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Goodwill from the acquisition totaled $15.9 million which is 83.3% of total goodwill.

Unaudited Pro Forma Financial Information

The following unaudited pro forma financial information presented for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2022 does not purport to be indicative of the results of operations that would have been achieved had the EMCORE Chicago acquisition been consummated on October 1, 2021, nor of the results which may occur in the future. The pro forma amounts are based upon available information and certain assumptions that the Company believes are reasonable.

	Three Months Ended June 30, 2022
	Historical
(in thousands, except per share data)	EMCORE Corporation (excluding EMCORE Chicago)		EMCORE Chicago		Pro Forma Adjustments			Pro Forma Combined
Revenue	$	23,675	$	7,698	$	—		$	31,373
Cost of revenue	19,777		5,827		171		(a)	25,775
Gross profit	3,898		1,871		(171)			5,598
Operating expense:
Selling, general, and administrative	7,800		2,905		(1,026)		(a)(b)	9,679
Research and development	4,513		1,443		(264)		(a)(b)	5,692
Severance	—		—		—			—
Gain on sale of assets	(1,318)		—		—			(1,318)
Total operating expense	10,995		4,348		(1,290)			14,053
Operating loss	(7,097)		(2,477)		1,119			(8,455)
Other expense:
Interest income, net	9		—		318		(c)	327
Foreign exchange loss	(185)		—		—			(185)
Other expense	(349)		34		—			(315)
Total other expense	(525)		34		318			(173)
Loss before income tax expense	(7,622)		(2,443)		1,437			(8,628)
Income tax expense	(27)		(13)		(6)		(d)(e)	(46)
Net loss	(7,649)		(2,456)		1,431			(8,674)
Foreign exchange translation adjustment	69		—		—			69
Comprehensive loss	$	(7,580)	$	(2,456)	1,431			$	(8,605)
Per share data:
Net loss per basic share	$	(0.20)			$	—		$	(0.23)
Weighted-average number of basic shares outstanding	37,425				—			37,425
Net loss per diluted share	$	(0.20)			$	—		$	(0.23)
Weighted-average number of diluted shares outstanding	37,425				—			37,425

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	Nine Months Ended June 30, 2022
	Historical
(in thousands, except per share data)	EMCORE Corporation (excluding EMCORE Chicago)		EMCORE Chicago		Pro Forma Adjustments			Pro Forma Combined
Revenue	$	98,561	$	23,094	$	—		$	121,655
Cost of revenue	69,849		17,482		512		(a)	87,843
Gross profit	28,712		5,612		(512)			33,812
Operating expense:
Selling, general, and administrative	22,550		8,329		(3,077)		(a)(b)	27,802
Research and development	13,675		4,330		(793)		(a)(b)	17,212
Severance	1,318		—		—			1,318
Gain on sale of assets	(1,919)		—		—			(1,919)
Total operating expense	35,624		12,659		(3,870)			44,413
Operating loss	(6,912)		(7,047)		3,358			(10,601)
Other expense:
Interest expense, net	(14)		—		954		(c)	940
Foreign exchange loss	(160)		—		—			(160)
Other expense	(349)		102		—			(247)
Total other expense	(523)		102		954			533
Loss before income tax expense	(7,435)		(6,945)		4,312			(10,068)
Income tax expense	(25)		(38)		(17)		(d)(e)	(80)
Net loss	(7,460)		(6,983)		4,295			(10,148)
Foreign exchange translation adjustment	91		—		—			91
Comprehensive loss	$	(7,369)	$	(6,983)	4,295			$	(10,057)
Per share data:
Net loss per basic share	$	(0.20)			$	—		$	(0.27)
Weighted-average number of basic shares outstanding	37,197				—			37,197
Net loss per diluted share	$	(0.20)			$	—		$	(0.27)
Weighted-average number of diluted shares outstanding	37,197				—			37,197

(a) Reflects the impact to depreciation expense and amortization expense as a result of the change in fair value of property, plant, and equipment and intangible assets acquired.

(b) Reflects the deduction of various sales, general, and administrative and research and development expenses allocated from corporate overhead to EMCORE Chicago during the periods presented that will not be incurred on an ongoing basis as a result of existing EMCORE management structures in place, which will provide the same support to EMCORE Chicago upon completion of a transition services agreement entered into between EMCORE and KVH in connection with the EMCORE Chicago acquisition. Amounts were estimated based on historical allocation included in the stand-alone financial statements of EMCORE Chicago. However, actual costs to be incurred associated with corporate support may vary under the EMCORE structure.

(c) Reflects the impact of interest expense related to cash from borrowing facility for funding of the transaction.

(d) Reflects the current tax expense due to additional income and deferred income tax expense related to deferred tax liability generated from annual tax amortization of indefinite-lived assets that were acquired for the periods presented. Such amounts were determined based on the effective tax rate of EMCORE rather than statutory tax rates as a result of a tax valuation allowance covering substantially all deferred tax assets and the existence of tax loss carryforwards present at both entities.

(e) Reflects the deduction of the income tax expense related to the FIN 48 liability of EMCORE Chicago that is not assumed by EMCORE.

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NOTE 4.    Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash reported within the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets that sum to the total of the same amounts shown in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of cash flows:

(in thousands)	June 30, 2023		September 30, 2022
Cash	$	13,936	$	20,011
Cash equivalents	5,781		5,614
Restricted cash	495		520
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	20,212	$	26,145

NOTE 5.    Accounts Receivable, net

The components of accounts receivable, net consisted of the following:

(in thousands)	June 30, 2023		September 30, 2022
Accounts receivable, gross	$	17,814	$	18,410
Allowance for credit loss	(363)		(337)
Accounts receivable, net	$	17,451	$	18,073

NOTE 6.    Inventory

The components of inventory consisted of the following:

(in thousands)	June 30, 2023		September 30, 2022
Raw materials	$	21,714	$	22,927
Work in-process	9,005		9,587
Finished goods	5,114		4,521
Inventory	$	35,833	$	37,035

NOTE 7.    Property, Plant, and Equipment, net

The components of property, plant, and equipment, net consisted of the following:

(in thousands)	June 30, 2023		September 30, 2022
Land	$	—	$	995
Building	—		8,805
Equipment	47,711		42,330
Furniture and fixtures	1,571		1,394
Computer hardware and software	3,377		3,378
Leasehold improvements	9,794		7,180
Construction in progress	3,278		9,886
Property, plant, and equipment, gross	$	65,731	$	73,968
Accumulated depreciation	(41,343)		(36,101)
Property, plant, and equipment, net	$	24,388	$	37,867

Depreciation expense totaled $2.4 million and $5.4 million during the three and nine months ended June 30, 2023, respectively and $1.2 million and $3.2 million during the three and nine months ended June 30, 2022, respectively. During the nine months ended June 30, 2023, the Company consummated the sale of the real property interests in the Tinley Park Facility to 8400 W 185TH STREET INVESTORS, LLC, resulting in net proceeds of approximately $10.3 million and a gain on sale of assets of

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$1.2 million. During the three and nine months ended June 30, 2022, we sold certain equipment and incurred a gain on sale of assets of $1.3 million and $1.9 million, respectively.

During the quarter ended September 30, 2022, there was a triggering event of negative cash flows and operating losses at the FOG asset group level within the Inertial Navigation product line of the A&D segment that indicated the carrying amounts of our long-lived assets may not be recoverable. In accordance with ASC 360, with regard to our long-lived assets, we performed an undiscounted cash flow analysis and concluded that the carrying value of the asset group was not recoverable. Accordingly, we then performed an analysis to estimate the fair value of the other long-lived assets and recognized an impairment charge within operating expenses of $3.0 million against the FOG property, plant, and equipment by the amount by which the carrying value of the asset group's other long-lived assets exceeded their estimated fair value for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2022. Key assumptions utilized in the determination of fair value include expected future cash flows and working capital requirements. While we believe the expectations and assumptions about the future are reasonable, they are inherently uncertain.

During the quarter ended June 30, 2023, the Company announced a restructuring program which caused the Company to accelerate depreciation on the Broadband segment and defense optoelectronics assets to an end-of-life date of December 2023, resulting in depreciation expense of $0.8 million for each of the three and nine months ended June 30, 2023.

Geographical Concentrations

Long-lived assets consist of land, building, property, plant, and equipment. As of June 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022, 95.4% and 95.4%, respectively, of our long-lived assets were located in the United States.

NOTE 8.    Intangible Assets and Goodwill

Intangible assets arose from the acquisition of SDI in fiscal year 2019 and the acquisitions of S&N and EMCORE Chicago in fiscal year 2022 and are reported within the A&D segment. Definite-lived intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of: (a) 7.0 years for patents, (b) 8.0 years for customer relationships, and (c) 2.0-8.0 years for technology. In-process research and development (“IPR&D”) is indefinite-lived until completion of the related development project, at which point amortization of the carrying value of the technology will commence. Trademarks are indefinite-lived.

The following table summarizes changes in intangible assets, net:

(in thousands)	June 30, 2023		September 30, 2022
Balance at beginning of period	$	14,790	$	167
Changes from acquisition	1,470		14,740
Amortization	(966)		(117)
Balance at end of period	$	15,294	$	14,790

The weighted average remaining useful lives by definite-lived intangible asset category are as follows:

	June 30, 2023
(in thousands, except weighted average remaining life)	Weighted Average Remaining Life (in years)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Book Value
Technology	2.7	$	11,001	$	(8,750)	$	2,251
Customer relationships	3.8	4,690		(527)		4,163
Definite-lived intangible assets total		$	15,691	$	(9,277)	$	6,414

As of June 30, 2023, IPR&D and trademarks were approximately $6.7 million and $2.2 million, respectively.

	September 30, 2022
(in thousands, except weighted average remaining life)	Weighted Average Remaining Life (in years)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Book Value
Technology	5.4	$	10,991	$	(8,261)	$	2,730
Customer relationships	4.6	3,260		(50)		3,210
Definite-lived intangible assets total		$	14,251	$	(8,311)	$	5,940

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As of September 30, 2022, IPR&D and trademarks were approximately $6.7 million and $2.2 million, respectively.

Estimated future amortization expense for intangible assets recorded by the Company as of June 30, 2023 is as follows:

(in thousands)	Amount
2023	$	309
2024	1,218
2025	1,192
2026	790
2027	766
Thereafter	2,139
Total amortization expense	$	6,414

Goodwill is recorded when the consideration for an acquisition exceeds the fair value of net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired. None of the Company's goodwill is deductible for tax purposes. The following table summarizes changes in goodwill:

(in thousands)	June 30, 2023		September 30, 2022
Balance at beginning of period	$	17,894	$	69
Adjustments to preliminary purchase price allocation	1,149		17,825
Balance at end of period	$	19,043	$	17,894

NOTE 9.    Benefit Plans

We assumed a defined benefit pension plan (the “Pension Plan”) on April 29, 2022 as a result of the acquisition of S&N. The Pension Plan was frozen to new hires as of March 31, 2007 and employees hired on or after April 1, 2007 are not eligible to participate in the Pension Plan. On July 1, 2022, the Pension Plan was amended to freeze benefit plan accruals for participants. As a result of the freeze, a curtailment was triggered and a restatement of the benefit obligation and plan assets occurred, although no gain or loss resulted. The annual measurement date for the Pension Plan is September 30. Benefits are based on years of credited service at retirement. Annual contributions to the Pension Plan are not less than the minimum funding standards outlined in the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended. We maintain the Pension Plan with the goal of ensuring that it is adequately funded to meet its future obligations. We did not make any contributions to the Pension Plan during the three and nine months ended June 30, 2023 and do not anticipate making any contributions for the remainder of the fiscal year ending September 30, 2023.

The components of net periodic pension cost are as follows:

(in thousands)	Three Months Ended June 30, 2023		Nine Months Ended June 30, 2023
Service cost	$	26	$	78
Interest cost	93		279
Expected return on plan assets	(84)		(252)
Net periodic pension cost	$	35	$	105

The service cost component of total pension expense is included as a component of cost of revenue on the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2023. The interest cost and expected return on plan assets components of total pension expense are included as components of other income (expense) on the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2023.

Net pension asset is included as a component of other non-current assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2023. As of June 30, 2023, the Pension Plan assets consist of cash and cash equivalents, and we manage a liability driven investment strategy intended to maintain fully-funded status.

401(k) Plan

We have a savings plan that qualifies as a deferred salary arrangement under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. Under this savings plan, participating employees may defer a portion of their pretax earnings, up to the Internal Revenue Service annual contribution limit. Our matching contribution in cash for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2023, was

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$0.4 million and $1.0 million, respectively. Our matching contribution in cash for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2022, was $0.2 million and $0.8 million, respectively.

NOTE 10.    Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

The components of accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following:

(in thousands)	June 30, 2023		September 30, 2022
Compensation	$	5,796	$	4,213
Warranty	1,478		1,504
Commissions	389		228
Consulting	277		241
Legal expenses and other professional fees	170		275
Auditor fees	183		186
Income and other taxes	56		—
Severance and restructuring accruals	1,732		423
Litigation settlement	72		341
Other	622		713
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	10,775	$	8,124

The components of accrued severance and restructuring accruals consisted of the following:

(in thousands)	June 30, 2023		September 30, 2022
Balance at beginning of period	$	423	$	—
Expense	2,296		1,353
Payments	(987)		(930)
Balance at end of period	$	1,732	$	423

In an effort to better align business operations related to CATV product lines, we reduced our workforce and recorded $1.8 million and $1.3 million in severance expense during the three months ended June 30, 2023 and nine months ended June 30, 2022, respectively. Severance and restructuring-related accruals specifically relate to the reductions in force. Expense related to severance and restructuring accruals is included in SG&A expense on the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. We expect all severance related to these workforce reductions that occurred in the nine months ended June 30, 2023 to be fully paid by the quarter ending September 30, 2024.

NOTE 11.    Credit Agreement

Wingspire Credit Agreement

On August 9, 2022, EMCORE and EMCORE Space & Navigation Corporation, our wholly-owned subsidiary, entered into that certain Credit Agreement with the lenders party thereto and Wingspire Capital LLC (“Wingspire”), as administrative agent for the lenders, as amended pursuant to that First Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated as of October 25, 2022, among EMCORE and EMCORE Space & Navigation Corporation, EMCORE Chicago Inertial Corporation, our wholly-owned subsidiary (together with the Company and S&N, the “Borrowers”), the lenders party thereto and Wingspire, to add EMCORE Chicago as a Borrower and include certain of its assets in the borrowing base (as amended, the “Credit Agreement”). The Credit Agreement provides for two credit facilities: (a) an asset-based revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of up to $40.0 million, subject to a borrowing base consisting of eligible accounts receivable and eligible inventory (subject to certain reserves), and (b) a term loan facility in an aggregate principal amount of approximately $6.0 million.

The proceeds of the loans made under the Credit Agreement may be used for general corporate purposes. Borrowings under the Credit Agreement will mature on August 8, 2026, and bear interest at a rate per annum equal to term SOFR plus a margin of (i) 3.75% or 5.50% in the case of revolving loans, depending on the applicable assets corresponding to the borrowing base pursuant to which the applicable loans are made and (ii) 5.50% in the case of the term loan. In addition, the Borrowers are responsible for Wingspire’s annual collateral monitoring fees as well as the lenders’ fees and expenses, including a closing fee of 1.0% of the aggregate principal amount of the commitments as of the closing with respect to revolving loans and 1.50% of the aggregate principal amount of the term loan. The Borrowers may also be required to pay an unused line fee of 0.50% in

17

respect to the undrawn portion of the revolving commitments, which is generally based on average daily usage of the revolving facility during the immediately preceding month.

The Credit Agreement contains representations and warranties, affirmative and negative covenants that are generally customary for credit facilities of this type. Among others, the Credit Agreement contains various covenants that, subject to agreed upon exceptions, limit the Borrowers’ and their respective subsidiaries’ ability to incur indebtedness, grant liens, enter into sale and leaseback transactions, enter into swap agreements, make loans, acquisitions and investments, change the nature of their business, acquire or sell assets, or consolidate or merge with or into other persons or entities, declare or pay dividends or make other restricted payments, enter into transactions with affiliates, enter into burdensome agreements, change fiscal year, amend organizational documents, and use proceeds to fund any activities of or business with any person that is the subject of governmental sanctions. In addition, the Credit Agreement requires that, for any period commencing upon the occurrence of an event of default or excess availability under the Credit Agreement being less than the greater of $5.0 million and 15% of the revolving commitments until such time as no event of default shall be continuing and excess availability under the Credit Agreement shall be at least the greater of $5.0 million and 15% of the revolving commitments for a period of 60 consecutive days, the Borrowers satisfy a consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio of not less than 1.10:1.00.

The Credit Agreement also includes customary events of default, the occurrence of which, following any applicable grace period, would permit the lenders to, among other things, declare the principal, accrued interest and other obligations of the Borrowers under the Credit Agreement to be immediately due and payable, and exercise rights and remedies available to the lenders under the Credit Agreement or applicable law or equity. In connection with the Credit Agreement, the Borrowers entered into a pledge and security agreement pursuant to which the obligations under the Credit Agreement are secured on a senior secured basis (subject to permitted liens) by substantially all assets of the Borrowers and substantially all assets of any future guarantors.

As of June 30, 2023, an aggregate principal amount of $6.5 million was outstanding pursuant to the revolving credit facility and an aggregate principal amount of $5.3 million was outstanding pursuant to the term loan facility. As of September 30, 2022, an aggregate principal amount of $9.6 million was outstanding pursuant to the revolving credit facility and an aggregate principal amount of $5.9 million was outstanding pursuant to the term loan facility. Also, as of June 30, 2023, the revolving credit facility had approximately $10.6 million available for borrowing. Provided that no event of default has occurred, and subject to availability limitations, loans under the revolving credit facility can continue to be drawn/redrawn/outstanding until expiration in 2025.

Our future term loan repayments as of June 30, 2023 is as follows:

(in thousands)	Amount
2023	$	212
2024	852
2025	852
2026	3,339
Total loan payments	$	5,255

NOTE 12.    Income and Other Taxes

During the three and nine months ended June 30, 2023, the Company recorded an income tax expense of $29 thousand and $177 thousand, respectively, composed primarily of state tax expense and tax expense generated from the tax amortization on acquired indefinitely lived assets. For the three and nine months ended June 30, 2023 the effective tax rate on continuing operations was 0.3% and 0.5%, respectively.

During the three and nine months ended June 30, 2022, the Company recorded an income tax expense of $27 thousand and $25 thousand, respectively, composed primarily of Texas gross margin taxes. For the three and nine months ended June 30, 2022 the effective tax rate on continuing operations was 0.4% and 0.3%, respectively.

The Company uses estimates to forecast the results from continuing operations for the current fiscal year as well as permanent differences between book and tax accounting.

We have not provided for income taxes on non-U.S. subsidiaries’ undistributed earnings as of June 30, 2023 because we plan to indefinitely reinvest the unremitted earnings of our non-U.S. subsidiaries and all of our non-U.S. subsidiaries historically have negative earnings and profits.

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All deferred tax assets have a full valuation allowance as of June 30, 2023, except for the tax amortization of indefinitely lived goodwill, which cannot be utilized to reduce deferred tax assets. On a quarterly basis, the Company evaluates the positive and negative evidence to assess whether the more-likely-than-not criteria has been satisfied in determining whether there will be further adjustments to the valuation allowance.

As of June 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022, we did not accrue any significant uncertain tax benefit, interest, or penalties as tax liabilities on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. During the three and nine months ended June 30, 2023, there were no material increases or decreases in unrecognized tax benefits.

NOTE 13.    Commitments and Contingencies

Indemnifications

We have agreed to indemnify certain customers against claims of infringement of intellectual property rights of others in our sales contracts with these customers. Historically, we have not paid any claims under these customer indemnification obligations. We enter into indemnification agreements with each of our directors and executive officers pursuant to which we agree to indemnify them for certain potential expenses and liabilities arising from their status as a director or executive officer of the Company. We maintain directors and officers insurance, which covers certain liabilities relating to our obligation to indemnify our directors and executive officers in certain circumstances. It is not possible to determine the aggregate maximum potential loss under these indemnification agreements due to the limited history of prior indemnification claims and the unique facts and circumstances involved in each particular claim.

Legal Proceedings

We are subject to various legal proceedings, claims, and litigation, either asserted or unasserted, that arise in the ordinary course of business. The outcome of these matters is currently not determinable and we are unable to estimate a range of loss, should a loss occur, from these proceedings. The ultimate outcome of legal proceedings involves judgments, estimates, and inherent uncertainties and the results of these matters cannot be predicted with certainty. Professional legal fees are expensed when incurred. We accrue for contingent losses when such losses are probable and reasonably estimable. In the event that estimates or assumptions prove to differ from actual results, adjustments are made in subsequent periods to reflect more current information. Should we fail to prevail in any legal matter, or should several legal matters be resolved against the Company in the same reporting period, then the financial results of that particular reporting period could be materially affected.

Intellectual Property Lawsuits

We protect our proprietary technology by applying for patents where appropriate and, in other cases, by preserving the technology, related know-how, and information as trade secrets. The success and competitive position of our product lines are impacted by our ability to obtain intellectual property protection for our research and development efforts. We have, from time to time, exchanged correspondence with third parties regarding the assertion of patent or other intellectual property rights in connection with certain of our products and processes.

Resilience Litigation

In February 2021, Resilience Capital (“Resilience”) filed a complaint against us with the Delaware Chancery Court containing claims arising from the February 2020 sale of SDI’s real property (the “Concord Property Sale”) located in Concord, California (the “Concord Real Property”) to Eagle Rock Holdings, LP (“Buyer”) and that certain Single-Tenant Triple Net Lease, dated as of February 10, 2020, entered into by and between SDI and the Buyer, pursuant to which SDI leased from the Buyer the Concord Real Property for a 15-year term. The Resilience complaint seeks, among other items, (a) a declaration that the Concord Property Sale included a non-cash component, (b) a decree requiring us and Resilience to follow the appraisal requirements set forth in that certain Purchase and Sale Agreement (the “SDI Purchase Agreement”), dated as of June 7, 2019, by and among the Company, The Resilience Fund IV, L.P., The Resilience Fund IV-A, L.P., Aerospace Newco Holdings, Inc. and Ember Acquisition Sub, Inc., (c) recovery of Resilience’s costs and expenses, and (d) pre- and post-judgment interest.

In April 2021, we filed with the Delaware Chancery Court our answer to the Resilience complaint and counterclaims against Resilience, in which we are seeking, among other items, (a) dismissal of the Resilience complaint and/or granting of judgment in favor of EMCORE with respect to the Resilience complaint, (b) entering final judgment against Resilience awarding damages to us for Resilience’s fraud and breaches of the SDI Purchase Agreement in an amount to be proven at trial and not less than $1,565,000, (c) a judicial determination of the respective rights and duties of us and Resilience under the SDI Purchase Agreement, (d) an award to us of costs and expenses, and (e) pre- and post-judgment interest.

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On April 24, 2023, the Company and Resilience entered into a Settlement and Release Agreement (the “Resilience Settlement Agreement”). The material financial terms of the Resilience Settlement Agreement required (i) a payment of $500,000 by the Company to Resilience, which payment was made by the Company during the three months ended June 30, 2023, (ii) an appraisal of the Concord Real Property as of January 2, 2020, which could trigger a further future payment by the Company in an amount to be determined by said appraisal, and if triggered, is expected to be made during the three months ending September 30, 2023, and (iii) a mutual release of all claims, including claims arising under the SDI Purchase Agreement, and a dismissal of the litigation by all parties.

On April 24, 2023, the underwriters of the representation and warranty insurance policies the Company acquired in connection with the SDI Purchase Agreement agreed to pay the Company $1.15 million within 15 business days in exchange for a release of any and all claims under the policies. We received payment during the three months ended June 30, 2023.

Contingent Inventory Obligations

Pursuant to that certain Manufacturing Supply Agreement, dated August 9, 2021 (as amended, the “Fastrain Manufacturing Agreement”), by and between the Company and each of Shenzhen Fastrain Technology Co., Ltd., Hong Kong Fastrain Company Limited and Fastrain Technology Malaysia SDN. BHD. (collectively, “Fastrain”), we may be liable to Fastrain for certain unused inventory. As of the quarter ended June 30, 2023, we had accrued $0.4 million pursuant to such inventory obligations in connection with our restructuring announced in April 2023 and estimate a potential range of total future additional liability pursuant to such inventory obligations of a minimum of $0 and a maximum of $3.2 million.

NOTE 14.    Equity

Equity Plans

We provide long-term incentives to eligible officers, directors, and employees in the form of equity-based awards. We maintain four equity incentive compensation plans, collectively described as our “Equity Plans”: (a) the 2010 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2010 Plan”), (b) the 2012 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2012 Plan”), (c) the Amended and Restated 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2019 Plan”), and (d) the 2022 New Employee Inducement Plan.

We issue new shares of common stock to satisfy awards granted under our Equity Plans. In December 2022, our Board of Directors approved an amendment to the 2019 Plan, which, subject to shareholder approval at our 2023 annual meeting of shareholders, would increase the maximum number of shares of the Company’s common stock that may be issued or transferred pursuant to awards under the 2019 Plan by an additional 1.549 million shares.

Stock-Based Compensation

The following table sets forth stock-based compensation expense by award type:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Nine Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
RSUs and RSAs	$	1,113	$	692	$	2,869	$	1,795
PSUs and PRSAs	517		708		1,818		1,602
Outside director equity awards and fees in common stock	83		123		295		358
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	1,713	$	1,523	$	4,982	$	3,755

The following table sets forth stock-based compensation expense by expense type:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Nine Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Cost of revenue	$	436	$	275	$	1,154	$	604
Selling, general, and administrative	980		1,001		3,006		2,537
Research and development	297		247		822		614
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	1,713	$	1,523	$	4,982	$	3,755

Loss Per Share

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The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Nine Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands, except per share data)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Numerator
Net loss	$	(9,857)	$	(7,649)	$	(33,778)	$	(7,460)
Denominator
Weighted average number of shares outstanding - basic	53,926		37,425		45,546		37,197
Effect of dilutive securities
Stock options	—		—		—		—
PSUs, RSUs, and restricted stock	—		—		—		—
Weighted average number of shares outstanding - diluted	53,926		37,425		45,546		37,197
Earnings per share - basic	$	(0.18)	$	(0.20)	$	(0.74)	$	(0.20)
Earnings per share - diluted	$	(0.18)	$	(0.20)	$	(0.74)	$	(0.20)
Weighted average antidilutive options, unvested RSUs and RSAs, and unvested PSUs excluded from the computation	3,823		3,163		2,533		1,315

Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing net (loss) income for the period by the weighted-average number of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS is computed by dividing net (loss) income for the period by the weighted average number of common stock outstanding during the period, plus the dilutive effect of outstanding restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and restricted stock awards (“RSAs”), performance stock units (“PSUs”), and stock options as applicable pursuant to the treasury stock method. Certain of the Company's outstanding share-based awards, noted in the table above, were excluded because they were anti-dilutive, but they could become dilutive in the future. The anti-dilutive stock options and shares of outstanding and unvested restricted stock were excluded from the computation of earnings per share for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 due to the Company incurring a net loss for such period.

Public Offering

On February 17, 2023, we closed our offering of 15,454,546 shares of our common stock at a price of $1.10 per share, resulting in net proceeds to us from the offering, after deducting the placement agent commissions and other offering expenses, of $15.4 million. The shares were sold by us pursuant to a Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of February 17, 2023, between the Company and each purchaser named in the signature pages thereto and a Placement Agency Agreement, dated as of February 15, 2023, by and between the Company and A.G.P./Alliance Global Partners.

Future Issuances

Common stock reserved for future issuances as of June 30, 2023 was as follows:

	Amount
Exercise of outstanding stock options	9,981
Unvested RSUs and RSAs	4,491,733
Unvested PSUs and PRSAs (at 100% maximum payout)	1,750,068
Issuance of stock-based awards under the Equity Plans	599,585
Purchases under the officer and director share purchase plan	88,741
Total reserved	6,940,108

NOTE 15.    Segment and Revenue Information

Reportable Segments

Reported below are the Company’s segments for which separate financial information is available and upon which operating results are evaluated by the chief operating decision maker, the Chief Executive Officer, to assess performance and to allocate resources. We do not allocate sales and marketing, general and administrative expenses, or interest expense and interest income

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to our segments because management does not include the information in its measurement of the performance of the operating segments. Also, a measure of segment assets and liabilities has not been provided to the Company's chief operating decision maker and therefore is not shown below.

Information on reportable segments utilized by the chief operating decision maker is as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Nine Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Revenue
Aerospace and Defense	$	27,001	$	13,416	$	73,879	$	32,322
Broadband	(303)		10,259		4,592		66,239
Total revenue	$	26,698	$	23,675	$	78,471	$	98,561
Segment profit
Aerospace and Defense gross profit	$	7,163	$	1,551	$	16,786	$	4,468
Aerospace and Defense research and development expense	4,448		3,834		14,050		12,037
Aerospace and Defense gross profit less research and development expense	$	2,715	$	(2,283)	$	2,736	$	(7,569)
Broadband gross profit	$	(3,663)	$	2,347	$	(6,516)	$	24,244
Broadband research and development expense	723		679		2,269		1,638
Broadband gross profit less research and development expense	$	(4,386)	$	1,668	$	(8,785)	$	22,606
Total gross profit less research and development expense	$	(1,671)	$	(615)	$	(6,049)	$	15,037

Product Categories

Revenue is classified by major product category as presented below:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Nine Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Aerospace and Defense
Inertial Navigation	$	26,718	$	9,891	$	70,947	$	25,651
Defense Optoelectronics	283		3,525		2,932		6,671
Broadband
CATV Optical Transmitters and Components	323		7,006		2,270		56,449
Data Center Chips	(312)		1,353		885		3,534
Optical Sensing	(314)		1,900		1,437		6,256
Total revenue	$	26,698	$	23,675	$	78,471	$	98,561

Timing of Revenue

Revenue is classified by timing of recognition as presented below:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Nine Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Trade revenue (recognized at a point in time)	$	19,667	$	18,207	$	58,763	$	91,056
Contract revenue (recognized over time)	7,031		5,468		19,708		7,505
Total revenue	$	26,698	$	23,675	$	78,471	$	98,561

Geographical Concentration

Revenue is classified by geographic area based on our customers’ billing address as presented below:

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	Three Months Ended June 30,				Nine Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
United States and Canada	$	21,377	$	19,043	$	60,600	$	86,751
Asia	1,856		1,684		4,235		6,498
Europe	1,657		2,243		8,592		3,999
Other	1,808		705		5,044		1,313
Total revenue	$	26,698	$	23,675	$	78,471	$	98,561

Customer Concentration

Portions of the Company’s sales are concentrated among a limited number of customers. Significant customers are defined as customers representing greater than 10% of consolidated revenue. Revenue from two significant customers represented an aggregate of 41% and 35% of our consolidated revenue for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, and revenue from two significant customers represented an aggregate of 37% and 54% of our consolidated revenue for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2022, respectively.

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ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and the notes thereto included in Financial Statements under Item 1 within this Quarterly Report. The following discussion contains forward-looking statements that reflect our plans, estimates, and beliefs. Actual results could differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements. See Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements preceding Item 1 of this Quarterly Report.

Business Overview

EMCORE Corporation is a leading provider of inertial navigation products for the aerospace and defense markets. We leverage industry-leading Photonic Integrated Chip (PIC), Quartz MEMS, and Lithium Niobate chip-level technology to deliver state-of-the-art component and system-level products across our end-market applications. Over the last three years, we have expanded our scope and portfolio of inertial sensor products through the acquisitions of Systron Donner Inertial, Inc. (“SDI”) in June 2019, the Space and Navigation (“S&N”) business of L3Harris Technologies, Inc. (“L3H”) in April 2022, and the FOG and Inertial Navigation Systems business (“EMCORE Chicago”) of KVH Industries, Inc. (“KVH”) in August 2022. We have vertically-integrated manufacturing capability at our headquarters in Alhambra, CA, and at our facilities in Budd Lake, NJ, Concord, CA, and Tinley Park, IL (the “Tinley Park Facility”). Our manufacturing facilities maintain ISO 9001 quality management certification, and we are AS9100 aerospace quality certified at our headquarters in Alhambra, CA and our facilities in Budd Lake, NJ and Concord, CA. These facilities support our vertically-integrated manufacturing strategy for quartz, FOG, and Ring Laser Gyro products for navigation systems.

Our reporting segments are as follows: (a) Aerospace and Defense and (b) Broadband. Aerospace and Defense is comprised of two product lines: (i) Inertial Navigation and (ii) Defense Optoelectronics. Broadband is comprised of three product lines: (i) CATV Optical Transmitters and Components, (ii) Data Center Chips, and (iii) Optical Sensing.

Recent Developments

Restructuring

In April 2023, we initiated a restructuring program that includes the strategic shutdown of our Broadband business segment (including our cable TV, wireless, sensing and chips product lines) and the discontinuance of our defense optoelectronics product line. Our Board of Directors performed a thorough review of a number of factors including the competitive landscape, declining revenue and gross profit of these discontinued businesses, the current and expected profitability of these discontinued businesses, our cost structure, and our strategic focus on our Aerospace and Defense business segment, and concluded that these discontinued businesses are non-strategic, currently unsustainable, and cannot be restructured in a way that will allow us to achieve profitable growth and cash preservation. We expect to exit the operations of these discontinued businesses by December 31, 2023. As a result of this restructuring, we have eliminated or expect to eliminate approximately 75 positions in the U.S. (primarily in Alhambra, California) and approximately 25 positions in China, collectively representing approximately 22% of our total workforce, and expect to consolidate facility space by reducing the space used at our Alhambra campus from five to two buildings (including closure of our indium phosphide wafer fabrication facility in Alhambra), relocating personnel in Concord, California to the operations area from the adjacent office building, and closing our manufacturing support and engineering center in China, collectively representing an approximately 25% reduction in the aggregate square footage occupied by our facilities. We expect this restructuring effort to result in annualized cost savings of approximately $12 million. As of the time of the filing of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we are unable in good faith to make a determination of an estimate of the total amount or range of amounts that we expect to incur in connection with this restructuring. However, we anticipate that material cash and non-cash charges will be incurred and recorded in future reporting periods. One-time employee severance and termination costs related to the restructuring of approximately $2.1 million (of which approximately $0.5 million will be in non-cash, stock-based compensation expenditures relating to the acceleration of the vesting of outstanding equity awards) was recognized in the quarter ended June 30, 2023. We expect the restructuring implementation to be substantially complete by the quarter ending December 31, 2023. We may incur additional expenses in connection with this restructuring that are not currently contemplated. The charges that we expect to incur in connection with the restructuring are estimates and subject to a number of assumptions, and actual results may differ materially.

Equity Offering

On February 17, 2023, we closed our offering of 15,454,546 shares of our common stock at a price of $1.10 per share, resulting in net proceeds to us from the offering, after deducting the placement agent commissions and other offering expenses, of $15.4 million. The shares were sold by us pursuant to a Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of February 17, 2023, between the

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Company and each purchaser named in the signature pages thereto and a Placement Agency Agreement, dated as of February 15, 2023, by and between the Company and A.G.P./Alliance Global Partners.

Acquisition of KVH Industries, Inc. - FOG and Inertial Navigation Systems Business

On August 9, 2022, we completed the acquisition of EMCORE Chicago from KVH pursuant to that certain Asset Purchase Agreement entered into as of August 9, 2022 by and among the Company, Delta Acquisition Sub, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, and KVH, pursuant to which we acquired substantially all of KVH's assets and liabilities primarily related to its FOG and Inertial Navigation Systems business, including property interests in the Tinley Park Facility for aggregate consideration of approximately $55.0 million, exclusive of transaction costs and expenses and subject to certain post-closing working capital adjustments.

Tinley Park Sale and Leaseback Transaction

On December 13, 2022, EMCORE Chicago consummated the sale of its real property interest in the Tinley Park Facility to 8400 W 185TH STREET INVESTORS, LLC (the “Tinley Park Buyer”), resulting in net proceeds of approximately $10.3 million. The sale was made pursuant to the terms of that certain Purchase and Sale Agreement (the “Tinley Park Purchase Agreement”) dated as of November 1, 2022, by and between EMCORE Chicago and HSRE Fund VII Holding Company, LLC, an affiliate of the Tinley Park Buyer. In connection with the sale of the real property interests in the Tinley Park Facility, after considering multiple transaction structures, EMCORE Chicago entered into a long-term Single-Tenant Triple Net Lease (the “Lease Agreement”) with Buyer pursuant to which EMCORE Chicago leased back the Tinley Park Facility for a twelve (12) year term commencing on December 13, 2022, unless earlier terminated or extended in accordance with the terms of the Lease Agreement.

Wingspire Credit Agreement

On August 9, 2022, the Company and EMCORE Space & Navigation Corporation, our wholly-owned subsidiary (“S&N”), entered into that certain Credit Agreement, dated as of August 9, 2022, among the Company, S&N, the lenders party thereto and Wingspire Capital LLC, as administrative agent for the lenders (“Wingspire”), as amended pursuant to that First Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated as of October 25, 2022, among the Company, S&N, EMCORE Chicago Inertial Corporation, our wholly-owned subsidiary (together with the Company and S&N, the “Borrowers”), the lenders party thereto and Wingspire, to add EMCORE Chicago as a Borrower and include certain of its assets in the borrowing base (as amended, the “Credit Agreement”). The Credit Agreement provides for two credit facilities: (a) an asset-based revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of up to $40.0 million, subject to a borrowing base consisting of eligible accounts receivable and eligible inventory (subject to certain reserves), and (b) a term loan facility in an aggregate principal amount of $5,965,000. The proceeds of the loans made under the Credit Agreement may be used for general corporate purposes. Borrowings under the Credit Agreement will mature on August 8, 2026, and bears interest at a rate per annum equal to term SOFR plus a margin of (i) 3.75% or 5.50% in the case of revolving loans, depending on the applicable assets corresponding to the borrowing base pursuant to which the applicable loans are made and (ii) 5.50% in the case of the term loan. In addition, the Borrowers are responsible for Wingspire’s annual collateral monitoring fees as well as the lenders’ fees and expenses. The Borrowers may also be required to pay an unused line fee of 0.50% in respect of the undrawn portion of the revolving commitments, which is generally based on average daily usage of the revolving facility during the immediately preceding month.

The Credit Agreement contains representations and warranties, affirmative and negative covenants that are generally customary for credit facilities of this type. Among others, the Credit Agreement contains various covenants that, subject to agreed-upon exceptions, limit the Borrowers’ and their respective subsidiaries’ ability to incur indebtedness, grant liens, enter into sale and leaseback transactions, enter into swap agreements, make loans, acquisitions and investments, change the nature of their business, acquire, or sell assets, or consolidate or merge with or into other persons or entities, declare or pay dividends or make other restricted payments, enter into transactions with affiliates, enter into burdensome agreements, change fiscal year, amend organizational documents, and use proceeds to fund any activities of or business with any person that is the subject of governmental sanctions. In addition, the Credit Agreement requires that, for any period commencing upon the occurrence of an event of default or excess availability under the Credit Agreement being less than the greater of $5.0 million and 15% of the revolving commitments until such time as no event of default is continuing and excess availability under the Credit Agreement is at least the greater of $5.0 million and 15% of the revolving commitments for a period of 60 consecutive days, the Borrowers satisfy a consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio of not less than 1.10:1.00. The Credit Agreement also includes customary events of default, the occurrence of which, following any applicable grace period, would permit the lenders to, among other things, declare the principal, accrued interest and other obligations of the Borrowers under the Credit Agreement to be immediately due and payable, and exercise rights and remedies available to the lenders under the Credit Agreement or applicable law or equity.

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In connection with the Credit Agreement, the Borrowers entered into a pledge and security agreement pursuant to which the obligations under the Credit Agreement are secured on a senior secured basis (subject to permitted liens) by substantially all assets of the Borrowers and substantially all assets of any future guarantors.

As of June 30, 2023, an aggregate principal amount of $6.5 million was outstanding pursuant to the revolving credit facility and an aggregate principal amount of $5.3 million was outstanding pursuant to the term loan facility.

Acquisition of L3Harris Space and Navigation Business

On April 29, 2022, we completed the acquisition of S&N from L3H pursuant to that certain Sale Agreement, dated as of February 14, 2022 (as amended, the “Sale Agreement”), entered into by and among the Company, Ringo Acquisition Sub, Inc. and L3H, pursuant to which we acquired certain intellectual property, assets, and liabilities of S&N for aggregate consideration of approximately $5.0 million, exclusive of transaction costs and expenses and subject to certain post-closing working capital adjustments. Following the completion of the working capital adjustments, the final purchase price was approximately $4.9 million.

Economic Conditions

The increased instability of global economic conditions and inflationary risks are adding to the uncertainty of our business. These adverse conditions could result in longer sales cycles, increased costs to manufacture our products, and increased price competition. Given the dynamic nature of these macroeconomic conditions, we cannot reasonably estimate their full impact on our ongoing business, results of operations, and overall financial performance.

Fastrain Transaction

As part of the effort to streamline operations and move to a variable cost model in our CATV Optical Transmitters and Components product line, on August 9, 2021, we entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement (the “Fastrain Asset Purchase Agreement”) with each of Shenzhen Fastrain Technology Co., Ltd., a corporation formed under the laws of the P.R.C. (“Shenzhen Fastrain”), and Hong Kong Fastrain Company Limited, a limited liability company incorporated in Hong Kong (“HK Fastrain”, and together with Shenzhen Fastrain, collectively, “Fastrain”), pursuant to which, among other items, Fastrain agreed to purchase certain CATV module and transmitter manufacturing equipment (the “Equipment”) that had been located at the manufacturing facility of our wholly-owned subsidiary, EMCORE Optoelectronics (Beijing) Co., Ltd., a corporation formed under the laws of the P.R.C., for an aggregate price of $6.2 million, all of which has been paid to us as of the fiscal year ended September 30, 2022.

Concurrently with the execution of the Fastrain Asset Purchase Agreement, we and Fastrain entered into a Manufacturing Supply Agreement, dated August 9, 2021 (as amended, the “Fastrain Manufacturing Agreement”), pursuant to which Fastrain agreed to manufacture for us, from a manufacturing facility or facilities located in Thailand or Malaysia and for an initial term ending on December 31, 2025, the CATV Optical Transmitters and Components products set forth in the Fastrain Manufacturing Agreement. In the Fastrain Manufacturing Agreement, (a) we agreed to pay certain shortfall penalties in the event that orders for manufactured products are below certain thresholds beginning in calendar year 2021 and continuing through calendar year 2025, and (b) Fastrain agreed to pay certain surplus bonuses to us in the event that deliveries for manufactured products in either of the 24-month periods beginning on January 1, 2021 and ending on December 31, 2022 or beginning on January 1, 2023 and ending on December 31, 2024 exceed certain thresholds. No such shortfall penalties or surplus bonuses had been accrued or earned or become payable or receivable as of the quarter ended June 30, 2023. In addition, pursuant to the Fastrain Manufacturing Agreement, we may be liable to Fastrain for certain unused inventory. As of the quarter ended June 30, 2023, we had accrued $0.4 million pursuant to such inventory obligations in connection with our restructuring announced in April 2023 and estimate a potential range of total future additional liability pursuant to such inventory obligations of a minimum of $0 and a maximum of $3.2 million.

Results of Operations

The following table sets forth our results of operations as a percentage of revenue:

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	Three Months Ended June 30,				Nine Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Revenue	100.0	%	100.0	%	100.0	%	100.0	%
Cost of revenue	86.9		83.5		86.9		70.9
Gross profit	13.1		16.5		13.1		29.1
Operating expense:
Selling, general, and administrative	24.2		32.9		33.6		22.8
Research and development	19.4		19.1		20.8		13.9
Severance	6.9		—		2.9		1.3
Gain on sale of assets	—		(5.6)		(1.5)		(1.9)
Total operating expense	50.5		46.4		55.8		36.1
Operating loss	(37.3)	%	(30.0)	%	(42.7)	%	(7.0)	%

Comparison of Results of Operations

	Three Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands, except percentages)	2023		2022		Change
Revenue	$	26,698	$	23,675	$	3,023	12.8	%
Cost of revenue	23,198		19,777		3,421		17.3
Gross profit	3,500		3,898		(398)		(10.2)
Operating expense:
Selling, general, and administrative	6,452		7,800		(1,348)		(17.3)
Research and development	5,171		4,513		658		14.6
Severance	1,838		—		1,838		100.0
Gain on sale of assets	—		(1,318)		1,318		100.0
Total operating expense	13,461		10,995		2,466		22.4
Operating loss	$	(9,961)	$	(7,097)	$	(2,864)	(40.4)	%

	Nine Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands, except percentages)	2023		2022		Change
Revenue	$	78,471	$	98,561	$	(20,090)	(20.4)	%
Cost of revenue	68,201		69,849		(1,648)		(2.4)
Gross profit	10,270		28,712		(18,442)		(64.2)
Operating expense:
Selling, general, and administrative	26,347		22,550		3,797		16.8
Research and development	16,319		13,675		2,644		19.3
Severance	2,296		1,318		978		74.2
Gain on sale of assets	(1,147)		(1,919)		772		40.2
Total operating expense	43,815		35,624		8,191		23.0
Operating loss	$	(33,545)	$	(6,912)	$	(26,633)	(385.3)	%

Revenue

	Three Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands, except percentages)	2023		2022		Change
Aerospace and Defense	$	27,001	$	13,416	$	13,585	101.3	%
Broadband	(303)		10,259		(10,562)		(103.0)
Total revenue	$	26,698	$	23,675	$	3,023	12.8	%

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	Nine Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands, except percentages)	2023		2022		Change
Aerospace and Defense	$	73,879	$	32,322	$	41,557	128.6	%
Broadband	4,592		66,239		(61,647)		(93.1)
Total revenue	$	78,471	$	98,561	$	(20,090)	(20.4)	%

For the three and nine months ended June 30, 2023, Aerospace and Defense revenue increased compared to the same period in the prior year, primarily driven by higher Inertial Navigation revenue primarily due to the inclusion of EMCORE Chicago and S&N revenue for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2023, as well as higher QMEMS revenue compared to the same period in the period in the prior year.

For the three and nine months ended June 30, 2023, Broadband revenue decreased compared to the same period in the prior year, due to a substantial decline in sales of CATV Optical Transmitter and Components products. In April 2023, we initiated a restructuring program that includes the strategic shutdown of our Broadband business segment (including our cable TV, wireless, sensing and chips product lines) which further caused revenue to decrease and resulted in a $1.3 million revenue reversal in the three months ended June 30, 2023 – See Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Recent Developments under the heading “Restructuring” for additional information regarding the restructuring program.

Gross Profit

	Three Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands, except percentages)	2023		2022		Change
Aerospace and Defense	$	7,163	$	1,551	$	5,612	361.8	%
Broadband	(3,663)		2,347		(6,010)		(256.1)
Total gross profit	$	3,500	$	3,898	$	(398)	(10.2)	%

	Nine Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands, except percentages)	2023		2022		Change
Aerospace and Defense	$	16,786	$	4,468	$	12,318	275.7	%
Broadband	(6,516)		24,244		(30,760)		(126.9)
Total gross profit	$	10,270	$	28,712	$	(18,442)	(64.2)	%

Gross profit is revenue less cost of revenue. Cost of revenue consists of raw materials, compensation expense, depreciation, amortization, accretion, and other manufacturing overhead costs, expenses associated with excess and obsolete inventories, and product warranty costs. Historically, gross profit as a percentage of revenue, which we refer to as gross margin, has fluctuated significantly due to product mix, manufacturing yields, sales volumes, inventory, and specific product warranty charges, as well as the amount of our revenue relative to fixed manufacturing costs.

For the three and nine months ended June 30, 2023, Aerospace and Defense gross profit increased compared to the same period in the prior year primarily driven by the additional contribution from the acquisition of EMCORE Chicago. For the three and nine months ended June 30, 2023, Aerospace and Defense gross margin increased by 15% from 12% to 27% and by 9% from 14% to 23%, respectively, compared to the same period in the prior year, driven primarily by better product mix in the Inertial Navigation product line.

For the three and nine months ended June 30, 2023, Broadband gross profit decreased compared to the same period in the prior year primarily due to the lower absorption of overhead costs in our wafer fabrication facility due to the substantial drop in product revenue.

Selling, General and Administrative

Selling, general, and administrative (“SG&A”) consists primarily of personnel-related expenditures for sales and marketing, IT, finance, legal and human resources support functions.

For the three months ended June 30, 2023, SG&A decreased compared to the same period in the prior year primarily due to $1.1 million of litigation-related insurance proceeds.

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For the nine months ended June 30, 2023, SG&A increased compared to the same period in the prior year primarily due to the S&N and EMCORE Chicago acquisitions.

Research and Development

Research and development (“R&D”) includes personnel-related expenditures, project costs, and facility-related expenses. We intend to continue to invest in R&D programs because they are essential to the future growth of our Aerospace and Defense segment.

For the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, Aerospace and Defense R&D expense was $4.4 million and $3.8 million, respectively. For the nine months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, Aerospace and Defense R&D expense was $14.1 million and $12.0 million, respectively. R&D increased compared to the same period in the prior year primarily due to R&D associated with the acquired EMCORE Chicago.

For the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, Broadband R&D expense was $0.7 million and $0.7 million, respectively. For the nine months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, Broadband R&D expense was $2.3 million and $1.6 million, respectively. R&D increased compared to the same period in the prior year primarily due to higher spend on the Chip product line.

Severance

For the three and nine months ended June 30, 2023, severance totaled approximately $1.8 million and $2.3 million due to a previously announced reduction in force at our Alhambra facility. For the nine months ended June 30, 2022, severance totaled approximately $1.3 million associated with the shutdown of manufacturing operations at our Beijing, China facility.

Gain on Sale of Assets

During the nine months ended June 30, 2023, we consummated the sale of the real property interests in the Tinley Park Facility to the Tinley Park Buyer, resulting in a gain on sale of assets of $1.2 million. During the three and nine months ended June 30, 2022, the Company sold certain assets and realized a gain on sale of assets of $1.3 million and $1.9 million, respectively.

Interest (Expense) Income, net

During the three and nine months ended June 30, 2023, interest expense, net totaled approximately $0.2 million and $0.7 million, respectively, primarily due to the debt outstanding from our Credit Agreement and having lower cash and cash equivalents balance earning interest income.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We have recently experienced significant losses from our operations and used a significant amount of cash in connection with strategic acquisitions to further our strategy of focusing on our Aerospace & Defense business. As a result of our recent cash shortage, we have taken actions to manage our liquidity and will need to continue to manage our liquidity as we continue to restructure our operations to focus on our Aerospace & Defense business. As of June 30, 2023, our cash and cash equivalents totaled $20.2 million and net working capital totaled $57.6 million. Net working capital, calculated as current assets (including inventory) minus current liabilities, is a financial metric we use which represents available operating liquidity.

We have taken a number of actions to continue to support our operations and meet our obligations, including:

•In April 2023, we initiated a restructuring program that includes the strategic shutdown of our Broadband business segment (including our cable TV, wireless, sensing, and chips product lines) and the discontinuance of our defense optoelectronics product line. Our Board of Directors performed a thorough review of a number of factors including the competitive landscape, declining revenue and gross profit of these discontinued businesses, the current and expected profitability of these discontinued businesses, our cost structure, and our strategic focus on our Aerospace and Defense business segment, and concluded that these discontinued businesses are non-strategic, currently unsustainable, and cannot be restructured in a way that will allow us to achieve profitable growth and cash preservation. We expect to exit the operations of these discontinued businesses by December 31, 2023. As a result of this restructuring, we have eliminated or expect to eliminate approximately 75 positions in the U.S. (primarily in Alhambra, California) and approximately 25 positions in China, collectively representing approximately 22% of our total workforce, and expect to consolidate facility space by reducing the space used at our Alhambra campus from five to two buildings (including

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closure of our indium phosphide wafer fabrication facility in Alhambra), relocating personnel in Concord, California to the operations area from the adjacent office building, and closing our manufacturing support and engineering center in China, collectively representing an approximately 25% reduction in the aggregate square footage occupied by our facilities. We expect this restructuring effort to result in annualized cost savings of approximately $12 million. As of the time of the filing of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we are unable in good faith to make a determination of an estimate of the total amount or range of amounts that we expect to incur in connection with this restructuring. However, we anticipate that material cash and non-cash charges will be incurred and recorded in future reporting periods. One-time employee severance and termination costs related to the restructuring of approximately $2.1 million (of which approximately $0.5 million will be in non-cash, stock-based compensation expenditures relating to the acceleration of the vesting of outstanding equity awards) was recognized in the quarter ended June 30, 2023. We expect that the restructuring implementation is anticipated to be substantially complete by the quarter ending December 31, 2023. We may incur additional expenses in connection with this restructuring that are not currently contemplated. The charges that we expect to incur in connection with the restructuring are estimates and subject to a number of assumptions, and actual results may differ materially.

•In February 2023, we closed our offering of 15,454,546 shares of our common stock at a price of $1.10 per share, resulting in net proceeds to us from the offering of $15.4 million. See Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Recent Developments under the heading “Equity Offering” for additional information regarding the equity offering.

•In December 2022, we consummated the sale of the real property interests in the Tinley Park Facility to the Tinley Park Buyer, resulting in net proceeds of approximately $10.3 million, pursuant to the terms of the Tinley Park Purchase Agreement.

•In August 2022, we entered into the Credit Agreement with Wingspire that provides us with (a) an asset-based revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of up to $40.0 million, subject to a borrowing base consisting of eligible accounts receivable and eligible inventory (subject to certain reserves), and (b) a term loan facility in an aggregate principal amount of $5,965,000. As of June 30, 2023, an aggregate principal amount of $6.5 million was outstanding pursuant to the revolving credit facility and an aggregate principal amount of $5.3 million was outstanding pursuant to the term loan facility, and an additional $10.6 million was available for borrowing. See Note 11 - Credit Agreement in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding the Credit Agreement.

Our existing balances of cash and cash equivalents, cash flows from operations, and amounts expected to be available under the Credit Agreement, together with additional actions we could take to further reduce our expenses and/or additional funds we receive if we elect to raise capital through additional debt or equity issuances, or from our efforts to monetize certain assets, are anticipated to be sufficient financial resources to meet our cash requirements for operations, working capital, and capital expenditures for at least the next twelve months from the issuance date of these financial statements. As a result, these financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis. However, we may not be successful in executing on our plans to manage our liquidity, including recognizing the expected benefits from our restructuring described above, and our ability to continue to operate as a going concern could be impaired, which could in turn cause a significant decline in our stock price and could result in a significant loss of value for our shareholders.

The Credit Agreement subjects us to various financial and other affirmative and negative covenants with which we must comply on an ongoing or periodic basis. These include financial covenants pertaining to a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio and covenants requiring the mandatory prepayment of amounts outstanding under the revolver under specified circumstances. The agreements also subject us to various restrictions on our ability to engage in certain activities, such as raising capital or acquiring businesses. These restrictions may limit or restrict our cash flow and our ability to pursue business opportunities or strategies that we would otherwise consider to be in our best interests. In addition, the Credit Agreement contains a cash dominion provision, requiring us to maintain a minimum amount of liquidity. As of June 30, 2023, this minimum amount of liquidity that we needed to maintain was $12.5 million. If we fall below this minimum amount of liquidity for a period of three consecutive days, or if there occurs an event of default under the Credit Agreement, then our lender can exercise certain rights, including taking control of our bank accounts and cash resources. In addition, if an event of default occurs under the Credit Agreement, our lenders can accelerate the maturity of our indebtedness under that agreement to make it due and payable immediately. If we trigger the cash dominion provision or if an event of default occurs under the Credit Agreement and if in either case our lenders elect to exercise their rights, we may not be able to pay our debts and other monetary obligations as they come due, and our ability to continue to operate as a going concern could be impaired, which could in turn cause a significant decline in our stock price and could result in a significant loss of value for our shareholders.

We continue to explore a range of options to further address our capitalization and liquidity. If we raise funds by issuing debt securities or incurring loans, this form of financing would have rights, preferences, and privileges senior to those of holders of our common stock. The availability and the terms under which we can borrow additional capital could be disadvantageous, and the terms of debt securities or borrowings could impose significant restrictions on our operations. Macroeconomic conditions and credit markets could also impact the availability and cost of potential future debt financing. If we raise capital through the issuance of additional equity, such sales and issuance would dilute the ownership interests of the existing holders of our

30

common stock. There can be no assurances that any additional debt or equity financing would be available to us or if available, that such financing would be on favorable terms to us. In addition, if adequate funds are not available to fund our future operations or meet our Credit Agreement obligations, we may need to curb our business plans, which could have a material adverse impact on our business prospects and results of operations.

Cash Flow

	Nine Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands, except percentages)	2023		2022		Change
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities	$	(26,435)	$	8,149	$	(34,584)	(424.4)	%
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	$	8,985	$	(4,362)	$	13,347	306.0	%
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	$	11,523	$	(278)	$	11,801	4,245.0	%

For the nine months ended June 30, 2023, our operating activities used cash primarily due to our net loss and working capital.

For the nine months ended June 30, 2023, our investing activities provided cash primarily from the sale of the Tinley Park Facility.

For the nine months ended June 30, 2023, our financing activities provided cash primarily from the sale of common stock offset by cash used for payment to our borrowing facility.

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

As of the date of this report, there were no material changes to our contractual obligations and commitments outside the ordinary course of business since September 30, 2022 as reported in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2022.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future material effect on our condensed consolidated financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, as of the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reported period. If these estimates differ significantly from actual results, the impact to the condensed consolidated financial statements may be material. There have been no material changes in our critical accounting policies and estimates from those disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2022. Please refer to Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2022 for a discussion of our critical accounting policies and estimates.

ITEM 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

There were no material changes to our quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risks during the third quarter of fiscal 2023. Please refer to Part II, Item 7A. “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” included in our Annual Report on the Form 10-K for our fiscal year ended September 30, 2022 for a more complete discussion of the market risks we encounter.

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ITEM 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Management, with the participation of its Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer), evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) as of June 30, 2023. Based upon this evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have been no other changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) promulgated under the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended June 30, 2023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, a significant number of employees are now working from home. The design of processes, systems, and controls allows for remote execution with accessibility to secure data.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. Legal Proceedings

See the disclosures under the caption “Legal Proceedings” in Note 13 - Commitments and Contingencies in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for disclosures related to our legal proceedings, which disclosures are incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 1A. Risk Factors

In addition to the other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the risk factors discussed in Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10‑K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2022, which could materially affect our business, financial condition, or future results. We do not believe that there have been any material changes to the risk factors disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2022. The risks described in our Annual Report on Form 10‑K are not the only risks facing our Company. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, operating results and/or cash flows.

We have incurred losses from continuing operations and our future profitability is not certain.

For the nine months ended June 30, 2023 and fiscal year ended September 30, 2022, we incurred net losses of $33.8 million and $24.3 million, respectively, and as of June 30, 2023, have an accumulated deficit of approximately $655.9 million. Our operating results for future periods are subject to numerous uncertainties and we cannot be certain that we will be profitable or that we will not experience substantial losses in the future. If we are not able to increase revenue and reduce our costs, we may not be able to achieve profitability in future periods and our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows may be materially and adversely affected.

We may not be able to obtain capital when desired on favorable terms, if at all, or without dilution to shareholders.

We operate in industries that makes our prospects difficult to evaluate and predict. It is possible that we may not generate sufficient cash flow from operations or otherwise have the capital resources to meet our future capital needs. If this occurs, we may need additional financing to continue operations or to execute on our current or future business strategies, including to:

•invest in research and development efforts, including by hiring additional technical and other personnel;

•maintain and expand operating or manufacturing infrastructure;

•acquire complementary businesses, products, services or technologies; or

•otherwise pursue strategic plans and respond to competitive pressures.

If we raise additional funds through the issuance of equity or convertible debt securities, the percentage ownership of our shareholders could be significantly diluted, and these newly-issued securities may have rights, preferences, or privileges senior

32

to those of existing shareholders. The terms of debt securities or borrowings, if available, could impose significant restrictions on our operations.

We cannot be certain that additional financing will be available on terms favorable to us, or at all. If adequate funds are not available or are not available on acceptable terms, if and when needed, our ability to fund our operations, take advantage of unanticipated opportunities, develop or enhance our products, or otherwise respond to competitive pressures could be significantly limited. Furthermore, in the event adequate capital is not available to us as required, or is not available on favorable terms, we may be required to adopt one or more alternatives, including, but not limited to, selling additional assets, exiting additional business lines,further reductions of our capital expenditures, delaying, reducing the scope of or eliminating one or more research and development programs, selling and marketing initiatives, and restructuring our existing debt obligations on new terms that may be less favorable than the existing terms, if available at all. If we are unable to manage discretionary spending, raise additional capital, or implement any of the above activities, as needed, we may need to further curtail planned activities to reduce costs, which could include additional reductions in workforce, additional eliminations of business activities and services, and further reductions in other operating expenses. Doing so could potentially have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, and future prospects.

Our secured credit facility contains financial and restrictive covenants that we may not satisfy, and that, if not satisfied, could result in the acceleration of any outstanding indebtedness and limit our ability to borrow additional funds. The credit facility also imposes restrictions that may limit our ability to pursue business opportunities.

Our Credit Agreement, dated as of August 9, 2022 (the “Credit Agreement”), among the Company, S&N, the lenders party thereto and Wingspire Capital LLC (“Wingspire”), as administrative agent for the lenders, subjects us to various financial and other affirmative and negative covenants with which we must comply on an ongoing or periodic basis. These include financial covenants pertaining to a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio and covenants requiring the mandatory prepayment of amounts outstanding under the revolver under specified circumstances. The agreements also subject us to various restrictions on our ability to engage in certain activities, such as raising capital or acquiring businesses. These restrictions may limit or restrict our cash flow and our ability to pursue business opportunities or strategies that we would otherwise consider to be in our best interests. In addition, the Credit Agreement contains a cash dominion provision, requiring us to maintain a minimum amount of liquidity. As of September 30, 2022, this minimum amount of liquidity that we needed to maintain was $12.5 million. If we fall below this minimum amount of liquidity for a period of three consecutive days, or if there occurs an event of default under the Credit Agreement, then our lender can exercise certain rights, including taking control of our bank accounts and cash resources. In addition, if an event of default occurs under the Credit Agreement, our lenders can accelerate the maturity of our indebtedness under that agreement to make it due and payable immediately. If we trigger the cash dominion provision or if an event of default occurs under the Credit Agreement and if in either case our lenders elect to exercise their rights, we may not be able to pay our debts and other monetary obligations as they come due, and our ability to continue to operate as a going concern could be impaired, which could in turn cause a significant decline in our stock price and could result in a significant loss of value for our shareholders.

We may be unable to realize the level of the anticipated benefits that we expect from exiting businesses and restructuring our operations, which may adversely impact our business and results of operations.

From time to time, we may decide to exit certain businesses or otherwise undertake restructuring, reorganization, or other strategic initiatives to realign our resources with our growth strategies, operate more efficiently and reduce costs. The successful implementation of our restructuring activities may from time to time require us to effect business and asset dispositions, workforce reductions, facility consolidations and closures, restructurings, management changes, reductions in investments, shut-downs or discontinuance of businesses, and other actions, each of which may depend on a number of factors that may not be within our control. For example, as described in more detail elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, on April 21, 2023, we announced the shutdown of our Broadband business segment and the discontinuance of our defense optoelectronics product line.

Any such effort to restructure or streamline our organization may result in restructuring or other costs, such as severance and termination costs, contract and lease termination costs, asset impairment charges, and other costs. In particular, we expect that material cash and non-cash charges will be incurred and recorded in our future reporting periods as a result of the shutdown of our Broadband business segment and the discontinuance of our defense optoelectronics product line. Further, as a result of restructuring initiatives, we may experience a loss of continuity, loss of accumulated knowledge and proficiency, deterioration of customer or vendor relationships, potential legal proceedings, adverse effects on employee morale, loss of key employees and other retention issues. Reorganization and restructuring can impact a significant amount of management and other employees’ time and resources, which may divert attention from operating and growing our business. The occurrence of one or more of these risks could potentially delay the timing of the completion of the restructuring. Further, upon completion of any restructuring initiatives, our business may not be more efficient or effective than prior to the implementation of the plan and we may be unable to achieve anticipated benefits, including cost savings, which would adversely affect our business, competitive position, operating results and financial condition.

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If we fail to satisfy all applicable Nasdaq continued listing requirements, including the $1.00 minimum closing bid price requirement, our common stock may be delisted from Nasdaq, which could have an adverse impact on the liquidity and market price of our common stock.

Our common stock is currently listed on The Nasdaq Stock Market, which has qualitative and quantitative continued listing requirements, including corporate governance requirements, public float requirements, and a $1.00 minimum closing bid price requirement. Our common stock price is currently and may in the future be below the minimum bid price for continued listing on Nasdaq, and on June 23, 2023, we received a letter (the “Notification Letter”) from The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC stating that we were not in compliance with the minimum bid price requirements set forth in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5450(a)(1) because our common stock failed to maintain a minimum closing bid price of $1.00 per share for 30 consecutive business days. To regain compliance, the closing bid price of our common stock must be at least $1.00 per share for a minimum of 10 consecutive business days at any time prior to December 20, 2023. While the Notification Letter has no immediate effect on the listing or trading of our common stock on Nasdaq (and we may be eligible for additional time to reach compliance with the minimum bid price requirement), and while we intend to actively monitor the bid price for our common stock between now and December 20, 2023 (or any extension thereof) and will consider available options to resolve the deficiency and regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement, such a delisting, if it were to occur, would likely have an adverse effect on the liquidity of our common stock, decrease the market price of our common stock, result in the potential loss of confidence by investors, suppliers, customers, and employees, and fewer business development opportunities, and adversely affect our ability to obtain financing for our continuing operations.

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ITEM 6. Exhibits

2.1	Asset Purchase Agreement, dated as of August 9, 2021 by and among EMCORE Corporation, Shenzhen Fastrain Technology Co., Ltd. and Hong Kong Fastrain Company Limited (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 11, 2021).
2.2	Sale Agreement, dated as of February 14, 2022 by and among EMCORE Corporation, Ringo Acquisition Sub, Inc., and L3Harris Technologies, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 15, 2022).
2.3	First Amendment to Sale Agreement, dated as of March 1, 2022 by and among EMCORE Corporation, Ringo Acquisition Sub, Inc., and L3Harris Technologies, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 2, 2022).
2.4	Second Amendment to Sale Agreement, dated as of March 31, 2022 by and among EMCORE Corporation, Ringo Acquisition Sub, Inc., and L3Harris Technologies, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 2, 2022).
2.5	Third Amendment to Sale Agreement, dated as of April 29, 2022 by and among EMCORE Corporation, Ringo Acquisition Sub, Inc., and L3Harris Technologies, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 2, 2022).
2.6	Asset Purchase Agreement, dated as of August 9, 2022, by and among EMCORE Corporation, Delta Acquisition Sub, Inc., and KVH Industries, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 9, 2022).
2.7	Purchase and Sale Agreement, dated November 1, 2022, by and between EMCORE Chicago Inertial Corporation and HSRE Fund VII Holding Company, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 3, 2022).
31.1**	Certificate of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2**	Certificate of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1***	Certificate of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2***	Certificate of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS**	Inline XBRL Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH**	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL**	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.LAB**	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE**	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF**	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
104**	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted in Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

_____________________________________

** Filed herewith

*** Furnished herewith

35

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

		EMCORE CORPORATION
Date:	August 9, 2023	By:	/s/ Jeffrey Rittichier
			Jeffrey Rittichier
			Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)
Date:	August 9, 2023	By:	/s/ Tom Minichiello
			Tom Minichiello
			Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

36

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

EMCORE CORPORATION

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO SECTION 302

OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Jeffrey Rittichier, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of EMCORE Corporation ("Report");

2.Based on my knowledge, this Report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this Report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this Report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this Report;

4.The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a.Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this Report is being prepared;

b.Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c.Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this Report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this Report based on such evaluation; and

d.Disclosed in this Report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a.All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b.Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date:	August 9, 2023	By:	/s/ Jeffrey Rittichier
			Jeffrey Rittichier
			Chief Executive Officer
			(Principal Executive Officer)

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

EMCORE CORPORATION

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO SECTION 302

OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Tom Minichiello, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of EMCORE Corporation ("Report");

2.Based on my knowledge, this Report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this Report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this Report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this Report;

4.The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a.Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this Report is being prepared;

b.Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;    

c.Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this Report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this Report based on such evaluation; and

d.Disclosed in this Report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions

a.All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b.Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date:	August 9, 2023	By:	/s/ Tom Minichiello
			Tom Minichiello
			Chief Financial Officer
			(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

STATEMENT REQUIRED BY 18 U.S.C. §1350, AS ADOPTED

PURSUANT TO §906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of EMCORE Corporation (the "Company") for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2023, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the "Report"), I, Jeffrey Rittichier, Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

1)The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2)The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date:	August 9, 2023	By:	/s/ Jeffrey Rittichier
			Jeffrey Rittichier
			Chief Executive Officer
			(Principal Executive Officer)

The foregoing certification is being furnished pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350. It is not being filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and it is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of the Company, regardless of any general incorporation language in such filings.

EX-32.2

Exhibit 32.2

STATEMENT REQUIRED BY 18 U.S.C. §1350, AS ADOPTED

PURSUANT TO §906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of EMCORE Corporation (the "Company") for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2023, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the "Report"), I, Tom Minichiello, Chief Financial (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

1)The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2)The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date:	August 9, 2023	By:	/s/ Tom Minichiello
			Tom Minichiello
			Chief Financial Officer
			(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

The foregoing certification is being furnished pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350. It is not being filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and it is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of the Company, regardless of any general incorporation language in such filings.

XML

Cover - shares	9 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Aug. 07, 2023
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Jun. 30, 2023
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-36632
Entity Registrant Name	EMCORE Corporation
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	NJ
Entity Tax Identification Number	22-2746503
Entity Address, Address Line One	2015 W. Chestnut Street
Entity Address, City or Town	Alhambra
Entity Address, State or Province	CA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	91803
City Area Code	626
Local Phone Number	293-3400
Title of 12(b) Security	Common stock, no par value
Trading Symbol	EMKR
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		54,160,478
Entity Central Index Key	0000808326
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--09-30
Amendment Flag	false

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 19,717	$ 25,625
Restricted cash	495	520
Accounts receivable, net of credit loss of $363 and $337, respectively	17,451	18,073
Contract assets	5,163	4,560
Inventory	35,833	37,035
Prepaid expenses	3,378	4,061
Other current assets	2,431	3,063
Total current assets	84,468	92,937
Property, plant, and equipment, net	24,388	37,867
Goodwill	19,043	17,894
Operating lease right-of-use assets	26,534	23,243
Other intangible assets, net	15,294	14,790
Other non-current assets	2,326	2,351
Total assets	172,053	189,082
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	11,164	12,729
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	10,775	8,124
Contract liabilities	1,359	5,300
Loan payable - current	852	852
Operating lease liabilities - current	2,740	2,213
Total current liabilities	26,890	29,218
Line of credit	6,485	9,599
Loan payable - non-current	4,403	5,042
Operating lease liabilities - non-current	24,737	21,625
Asset retirement obligations	4,143	4,664
Other long-term liabilities	8	106
Total liabilities	66,666	70,254
Commitments and contingencies (Note 13)
Shareholders’ equity:
Common stock, no par value, 100,000 shares authorized; 61,059 shares issued and 54,153 shares outstanding as of June 30, 2023; 44,497 shares issued and 37,591 shares outstanding as of September 30, 2022	807,605	787,347
Treasury stock at cost; 6,906 shares as of June 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022	(47,721)	(47,721)
Accumulated other comprehensive income	1,380	1,301
Accumulated deficit	(655,877)	(622,099)
Total shareholders’ equity	105,387	118,828
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$ 172,053	$ 189,082

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Allowance for credit loss	$ 363	$ 337
Common stock, no par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0	$ 0
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	100,000,000	100,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	61,059,000	44,497,000
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	54,153,000	37,591,000
Treasury stock, shares held (in shares)	6,906,000	6,906,000

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Income Statement [Abstract]
Revenue	$ 26,698	$ 23,675	$ 78,471	$ 98,561
Cost of revenue	23,198	19,777	68,201	69,849
Gross profit	3,500	3,898	10,270	28,712
Operating expense:
Selling, general, and administrative	6,452	7,800	26,347	22,550
Research and development	5,171	4,513	16,319	13,675
Severance	1,838	0	2,296	1,318
Gain on sale of assets	0	(1,318)	(1,147)	(1,919)
Total operating expense	13,461	10,995	43,815	35,624
Operating loss	(9,961)	(7,097)	(33,545)	(6,912)
Other income (expense):
Interest (expense) income, net	(219)	9	(682)	(14)
Foreign exchange gain (loss)	321	(185)	442	(160)
Other income (expense)	31	(349)	184	(349)
Total other income (expense)	133	(525)	(56)	(523)
Loss before income tax expense	(9,828)	(7,622)	(33,601)	(7,435)
Income tax expense	(29)	(27)	(177)	(25)
Net loss	(9,857)	(7,649)	(33,778)	(7,460)
Foreign exchange translation adjustment	(134)	69	(79)	91
Comprehensive loss	$ (9,991)	$ (7,580)	$ (33,857)	$ (7,369)
Per share data:
Net loss per basic share (in dollars per share)	$ (0.18)	$ (0.20)	$ (0.74)	$ (0.20)
Weighted-average number of basic shares outstanding (in shares)	53,926	37,425	45,546	37,197
Net loss per diluted share (in dollars per share)	$ (0.18)	$ (0.20)	$ (0.74)	$ (0.20)
Weighted-average number of diluted shares outstanding (in shares)	53,926	37,425	45,546	37,197

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Total	Common Stock	Treasury Stock	Accumulated other comprehensive income	Accumulated deficit
Beginning balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2021		36,984
Shares of common stock
Stock-based compensation (in shares)		553
Stock option exercises (in shares)		6
Sale of common stock (in shares)		0
Ending balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2022		37,543
Balance, beginning of period at Sep. 30, 2021		$ 782,266	$ (47,721)	$ 687	$ (597,766)
Shares of common stock
Stock-based compensation		3,755
Stock option exercises		29
Tax withholding paid on behalf of employees for stock-based awards		(307)
Sale of common stock		0
Translation adjustment	$ 91			91
Net loss	(7,460)				(7,460)
Balance, end of period at Jun. 30, 2022	133,574	$ 785,743	(47,721)	778	(605,226)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2022		37,395
Shares of common stock
Stock-based compensation (in shares)		148
Stock option exercises (in shares)		0
Sale of common stock (in shares)		0
Ending balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2022		37,543
Balance, beginning of period at Mar. 31, 2022		$ 784,371	(47,721)	709	(597,577)
Shares of common stock
Stock-based compensation		1,523
Stock option exercises		0
Tax withholding paid on behalf of employees for stock-based awards		(151)
Sale of common stock		0
Translation adjustment	69			69
Net loss	(7,649)				(7,649)
Balance, end of period at Jun. 30, 2022	$ 133,574	$ 785,743	(47,721)	778	(605,226)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2022	37,591	37,591
Shares of common stock
Stock-based compensation (in shares)		1,107
Stock option exercises (in shares)		0
Sale of common stock (in shares)		15,455
Ending balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2023	54,153	54,153
Balance, beginning of period at Sep. 30, 2022		$ 787,347	(47,721)	1,301	(622,099)
Shares of common stock
Stock-based compensation		4,982
Stock option exercises		0
Tax withholding paid on behalf of employees for stock-based awards		(161)
Sale of common stock		15,437
Translation adjustment	$ (79)			79
Net loss	(33,778)
Balance, end of period at Jun. 30, 2023	$ 105,387	$ 807,605	(47,721)	1,380	(655,877)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023		53,884
Shares of common stock
Stock-based compensation (in shares)		269
Stock option exercises (in shares)		0
Sale of common stock (in shares)		0
Ending balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2023	54,153	54,153
Balance, beginning of period at Mar. 31, 2023		$ 806,100	(47,721)	1,246	(646,020)
Shares of common stock
Stock-based compensation		1,713
Stock option exercises		0
Tax withholding paid on behalf of employees for stock-based awards		(17)
Sale of common stock		(191)
Translation adjustment	$ (134)			134
Net loss	(9,857)
Balance, end of period at Jun. 30, 2023	$ 105,387	$ 807,605	$ (47,721)	$ 1,380	$ (655,877)

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$ (33,778)	$ (7,460)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization expense	6,496	3,292
Stock-based compensation expense	4,982	3,755
Provision adjustments related to credit loss	25	187
Provision adjustments related to product warranty	(57)	174
Gain on disposal of property, plant, and equipment	(1,147)	(1,919)
Other	124	299
Total non-cash adjustments	10,423	5,788
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable and contract assets	(7)	7,306
Inventory	(2,158)	3,380
Other assets	(2,000)	(5,263)
Accounts payable	(1,230)	(4,706)
Contract liabilities	(3,941)	2,650
Operating lease liabilities - current	527	(487)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	5,729	6,941
Total change in operating assets and liabilities	(3,080)	9,821
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities	(26,435)	8,149
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of equipment	(2,026)	(4,743)
Proceeds from disposal of property, plant, and equipment	10,915	2,820
Acquisition of business, net of cash acquired	96	(2,439)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	8,985	(4,362)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from borrowings from line of credit	393	0
Payments towards line of credit	(3,507)	0
Payments towards note payable	(639)	0
Proceeds from sale of common stock	15,437	0
Proceeds from employee stock purchase plans and exercise of equity awards	0	29
Taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards	(161)	(307)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	11,523	(278)
Effect of exchange rate changes provided by foreign currency	(6)	(62)
Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	(5,933)	3,447
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of period	26,145	71,682
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period	20,212	75,129
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION
Cash paid during the period for interest	932	40
Cash paid during the period for income taxes	120	547
NON-CASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Changes in accounts payable related to purchases of equipment	$ (373)	$ (76)

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Description of Business	9 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Description of Business	Description of BusinessEMCORE Corporation (referred to herein, together with its subsidiaries, as the “Company,” “we,” “our,” or “EMCORE”) is a leading provider of inertial navigation products for the aerospace and defense markets. We leverage industry-leading Photonic Integrated Chip (PIC), Quartz MEMS, and Lithium Niobate chip-level technology to deliver state-of-the-art component and system-level products across our end-market applications. Over the last four years, we have expanded our scale and portfolio of inertial sensor products through the acquisitions of Systron Donner Inertial, Inc. (“SDI”) in June 2019, the Space and Navigation (“S&N”) business of L3Harris Technologies, Inc. (“L3H”) in April 2022, and the FOG and Inertial Navigation Systems business (“EMCORE Chicago”) of KVH Industries, Inc. (“KVH”) in August 2022. We have vertically-integrated manufacturing capability at our headquarters in Alhambra, CA, and at our facilities in Budd Lake, NJ, Concord, CA, and Tinley Park, IL (the “Tinley Park Facility”). Our manufacturing facilities maintain ISO 9001 quality management certification, and we are AS9100 aerospace quality certified at our headquarters in Alhambra, CA and at our facilities in Budd Lake, NJ and Concord, CA. These facilities support our vertically-integrated manufacturing strategy for quartz, FOG, and Ring Laser Gyro products for navigation systems.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim information, and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Accordingly, they do not include all information and notes required by U.S. GAAP for annual financial statements. In our opinion, the interim financial statements reflect all adjustments, which are all normal recurring adjustments, that are necessary to provide a fair presentation of the financial results for the interim periods presented. Operating results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for an entire fiscal year. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2022 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements as of such date. For a more complete understanding of our business, financial position, operating results, cash flows, risk factors, and other matters, please refer to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2022.

We follow the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 350, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (“ASC 350”). ASC 350 requires the completion of a goodwill impairment test at least annually based on either an optional qualitative assessment or a quantitative analysis comparing the estimated fair value of a reporting unit to its carrying value as of the test date. In the current interim period ending June 30, 2023, we have elected to change our annual test date from December 31st of each year to July 1st of each year, unless there are indications requiring a more frequent impairment test. Any impairment charges would be based on the quantitative analysis. We performed our last test at December 31, 2022 and will perform our next test on July 1, 2023.

Going Concern

These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles assuming we will continue as a going concern. The going concern assumption contemplates the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. However, substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern exists.

We have recently experienced significant losses from our operations and used a significant amount of cash, amounting to a net loss of $33.8 million and net cash outflows from operations of $26.4 million for the nine months ended June 30, 2023, and we expect to continue to incur losses and use cash in our operations as we continue to restructure our business. As a result of our recent cash outflows, we have taken actions to manage our liquidity and will need to continue to manage our liquidity as we continue to restructure our operations to focus on our Aerospace & Defense business. As of June 30, 2023, our cash and cash equivalents totaled $20.2 million and we had $10.6 million available under our Credit Agreement (as defined in Note 11 - Credit Agreement in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements).

We are evaluating the sufficiency of our existing balances of cash and cash equivalents, cash flows from operations, and amounts expected to be available under our Credit Agreement, together with additional actions we could take (including those

made in connection with our restructuring program announced in April 2023) to further reduce our expenses and/or potentially raising capital through additional debt or equity issuances, or from the potential monetization of certain assets. However, we may not be successful in executing on our plans to manage our liquidity, including recognizing the expected benefits from our previously announced restructuring program, or raising additional funds if we elect to do so, and as a result substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern exists.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, as of the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reported period. Such estimates include accounts receivable, inventories, goodwill, long-lived assets, product warranty liabilities, legal contingencies, income taxes, asset retirement obligations, and pension obligation, as well as the evaluation associated with the Company's assessment of its ability to continue as a going concern.

We develop estimates based on historical experience and on various assumptions about the future that are believed to be reasonable based on the best information available to us. Our reported financial position or results of operations may be materially different under changed conditions or when using different estimates and assumptions, particularly with respect to significant accounting policies. In the event that estimates or assumptions prove to differ from actual results, adjustments are made in subsequent periods to reflect more current information.

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Acquisitions

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Abstract]

Acquisitions

Acquisitions

On August 9, 2022, we completed the acquisition of EMCORE Chicago, pursuant to which we acquired substantially all of KVH's assets and liabilities primarily related to its FOG and Inertial Navigation Systems business, including property interests in the Tinley Park Facility, for aggregate consideration of approximately $55.0 million, exclusive of transaction costs and expenses and subject to certain post-closing working capital adjustments. Following the closing, EMCORE Chicago results are included in our A&D reportable segment and in our consolidated financial statements beginning on the acquisition date. Revenue and net income of EMCORE Chicago of $9.3 million and $0.4 million, respectively, is included in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the three months ended June 30, 2023. Revenue and net income of EMCORE Chicago of $25.9 million and $2.1 million, respectively, is included in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the nine months ended June 30, 2023.

Final Purchase Price Allocation

The total purchase price for the EMCORE Chicago acquisition was allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on the estimated fair values as of the acquisition date. Since the acquisition, the purchase price allocation for EMCORE Chicago changed by a $3.3 million reduction to inventory resulting in a corresponding increase to intangible assets and goodwill acquired. Goodwill is measured as the excess of the fair value of the purchase consideration transferred over the fair value of the identifiable net assets.

The table below represents the final purchase price allocation to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed of EMCORE Chicago based on their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date based on management’s best estimates and assumptions:

(in thousands)	Amount
Tangible assets acquired:
Accounts receivable	$	4,977
Inventory	7,479
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	1,483
Property, plant, and equipment	14,442
Intangible assets acquired	13,470
Goodwill	15,867
Liabilities assumed:
Accounts payable	(1,699)
Accrued expenses	(485)
Contract liabilities	(637)
Other long-term liabilities	(8)
Total purchase consideration	$	54,889

Included in intangible assets acquired are customer relationships of $3.0 million, technology of $2.4 million, in-process research and development of $5.9 million, and trademarks of $2.2 million.

For the three and nine months ended June 30, 2023, the Company incurred transitional and transaction costs of approximately $0.3 million and $3.6 million, respectively, in connection with the S&N and EMCORE Chicago acquisitions, which were expensed as incurred and included in selling, general, and administrative (“SG&A”) expenses within the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Goodwill from the acquisition totaled $15.9 million which is 83.3% of total goodwill.

Unaudited Pro Forma Financial Information

The following unaudited pro forma financial information presented for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2022 does not purport to be indicative of the results of operations that would have been achieved had the EMCORE Chicago acquisition been consummated on October 1, 2021, nor of the results which may occur in the future. The pro forma amounts are based upon available information and certain assumptions that the Company believes are reasonable.

	Three Months Ended June 30, 2022
	Historical
(in thousands, except per share data)	EMCORE Corporation (excluding EMCORE Chicago)		EMCORE Chicago		Pro Forma Adjustments			Pro Forma Combined
Revenue	$	23,675	$	7,698	$	—		$	31,373
Cost of revenue	19,777		5,827		171		(a)	25,775
Gross profit	3,898		1,871		(171)			5,598
Operating expense:
Selling, general, and administrative	7,800		2,905		(1,026)		(a)(b)	9,679
Research and development	4,513		1,443		(264)		(a)(b)	5,692
Severance	—		—		—			—
Gain on sale of assets	(1,318)		—		—			(1,318)
Total operating expense	10,995		4,348		(1,290)			14,053
Operating loss	(7,097)		(2,477)		1,119			(8,455)
Other expense:
Interest income, net	9		—		318		(c)	327
Foreign exchange loss	(185)		—		—			(185)
Other expense	(349)		34		—			(315)
Total other expense	(525)		34		318			(173)
Loss before income tax expense	(7,622)		(2,443)		1,437			(8,628)
Income tax expense	(27)		(13)		(6)		(d)(e)	(46)
Net loss	(7,649)		(2,456)		1,431			(8,674)
Foreign exchange translation adjustment	69		—		—			69
Comprehensive loss	$	(7,580)	$	(2,456)	1,431			$	(8,605)
Per share data:
Net loss per basic share	$	(0.20)			$	—		$	(0.23)
Weighted-average number of basic shares outstanding	37,425				—			37,425
Net loss per diluted share	$	(0.20)			$	—		$	(0.23)
Weighted-average number of diluted shares outstanding	37,425				—			37,425

	Nine Months Ended June 30, 2022
	Historical
(in thousands, except per share data)	EMCORE Corporation (excluding EMCORE Chicago)		EMCORE Chicago		Pro Forma Adjustments			Pro Forma Combined
Revenue	$	98,561	$	23,094	$	—		$	121,655
Cost of revenue	69,849		17,482		512		(a)	87,843
Gross profit	28,712		5,612		(512)			33,812
Operating expense:
Selling, general, and administrative	22,550		8,329		(3,077)		(a)(b)	27,802
Research and development	13,675		4,330		(793)		(a)(b)	17,212
Severance	1,318		—		—			1,318
Gain on sale of assets	(1,919)		—		—			(1,919)
Total operating expense	35,624		12,659		(3,870)			44,413
Operating loss	(6,912)		(7,047)		3,358			(10,601)
Other expense:
Interest expense, net	(14)		—		954		(c)	940
Foreign exchange loss	(160)		—		—			(160)
Other expense	(349)		102		—			(247)
Total other expense	(523)		102		954			533
Loss before income tax expense	(7,435)		(6,945)		4,312			(10,068)
Income tax expense	(25)		(38)		(17)		(d)(e)	(80)
Net loss	(7,460)		(6,983)		4,295			(10,148)
Foreign exchange translation adjustment	91		—		—			91
Comprehensive loss	$	(7,369)	$	(6,983)	4,295			$	(10,057)
Per share data:
Net loss per basic share	$	(0.20)			$	—		$	(0.27)
Weighted-average number of basic shares outstanding	37,197				—			37,197
Net loss per diluted share	$	(0.20)			$	—		$	(0.27)
Weighted-average number of diluted shares outstanding	37,197				—			37,197

(a) Reflects the impact to depreciation expense and amortization expense as a result of the change in fair value of property, plant, and equipment and intangible assets acquired.

(b) Reflects the deduction of various sales, general, and administrative and research and development expenses allocated from corporate overhead to EMCORE Chicago during the periods presented that will not be incurred on an ongoing basis as a result of existing EMCORE management structures in place, which will provide the same support to EMCORE Chicago upon completion of a transition services agreement entered into between EMCORE and KVH in connection with the EMCORE Chicago acquisition. Amounts were estimated based on historical allocation included in the stand-alone financial statements of EMCORE Chicago. However, actual costs to be incurred associated with corporate support may vary under the EMCORE structure.

(c) Reflects the impact of interest expense related to cash from borrowing facility for funding of the transaction.

(d) Reflects the current tax expense due to additional income and deferred income tax expense related to deferred tax liability generated from annual tax amortization of indefinite-lived assets that were acquired for the periods presented. Such amounts were determined based on the effective tax rate of EMCORE rather than statutory tax rates as a result of a tax valuation allowance covering substantially all deferred tax assets and the existence of tax loss carryforwards present at both entities.

(e) Reflects the deduction of the income tax expense related to the FIN 48 liability of EMCORE Chicago that is not assumed by EMCORE.

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Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash reported within the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets that sum to the total of the same amounts shown in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of cash flows:

(in thousands)	June 30, 2023		September 30, 2022
Cash	$	13,936	$	20,011
Cash equivalents	5,781		5,614
Restricted cash	495		520
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	20,212	$	26,145

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Accounts Receivable, net

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Receivables [Abstract]

Accounts Receivable, net

Accounts Receivable, net

The components of accounts receivable, net consisted of the following:

(in thousands)	June 30, 2023		September 30, 2022
Accounts receivable, gross	$	17,814	$	18,410
Allowance for credit loss	(363)		(337)
Accounts receivable, net	$	17,451	$	18,073

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Inventory

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Inventory

Inventory

The components of inventory consisted of the following:

(in thousands)	June 30, 2023		September 30, 2022
Raw materials	$	21,714	$	22,927
Work in-process	9,005		9,587
Finished goods	5,114		4,521
Inventory	$	35,833	$	37,035

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Property, Plant, and Equipment, net

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property, Plant, and Equipment, net

Property, Plant, and Equipment, net

The components of property, plant, and equipment, net consisted of the following:

(in thousands)	June 30, 2023		September 30, 2022
Land	$	—	$	995
Building	—		8,805
Equipment	47,711		42,330
Furniture and fixtures	1,571		1,394
Computer hardware and software	3,377		3,378
Leasehold improvements	9,794		7,180
Construction in progress	3,278		9,886
Property, plant, and equipment, gross	$	65,731	$	73,968
Accumulated depreciation	(41,343)		(36,101)
Property, plant, and equipment, net	$	24,388	$	37,867

Depreciation expense totaled $2.4 million and $5.4 million during the three and nine months ended June 30, 2023, respectively and $1.2 million and $3.2 million during the three and nine months ended June 30, 2022, respectively. During the nine months ended June 30, 2023, the Company consummated the sale of the real property interests in the Tinley Park Facility to 8400 W 185TH STREET INVESTORS, LLC, resulting in net proceeds of approximately $10.3 million and a gain on sale of assets of

$1.2 million. During the three and nine months ended June 30, 2022, we sold certain equipment and incurred a gain on sale of assets of $1.3 million and $1.9 million, respectively.

During the quarter ended September 30, 2022, there was a triggering event of negative cash flows and operating losses at the FOG asset group level within the Inertial Navigation product line of the A&D segment that indicated the carrying amounts of our long-lived assets may not be recoverable. In accordance with ASC 360, with regard to our long-lived assets, we performed an undiscounted cash flow analysis and concluded that the carrying value of the asset group was not recoverable. Accordingly, we then performed an analysis to estimate the fair value of the other long-lived assets and recognized an impairment charge within operating expenses of $3.0 million against the FOG property, plant, and equipment by the amount by which the carrying value of the asset group's other long-lived assets exceeded their estimated fair value for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2022. Key assumptions utilized in the determination of fair value include expected future cash flows and working capital requirements. While we believe the expectations and assumptions about the future are reasonable, they are inherently uncertain.

During the quarter ended June 30, 2023, the Company announced a restructuring program which caused the Company to accelerate depreciation on the Broadband segment and defense optoelectronics assets to an end-of-life date of December 2023, resulting in depreciation expense of $0.8 million for each of the three and nine months ended June 30, 2023.

Geographical Concentrations

Long-lived assets consist of land, building, property, plant, and equipment. As of June 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022, 95.4% and 95.4%, respectively, of our long-lived assets were located in the United States.

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Intangible Assets and Goodwill

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Intangible Assets and Goodwill

Intangible Assets and Goodwill

Intangible assets arose from the acquisition of SDI in fiscal year 2019 and the acquisitions of S&N and EMCORE Chicago in fiscal year 2022 and are reported within the A&D segment. Definite-lived intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of: (a) 7.0 years for patents, (b) 8.0 years for customer relationships, and (c) 2.0-8.0 years for technology. In-process research and development (“IPR&D”) is indefinite-lived until completion of the related development project, at which point amortization of the carrying value of the technology will commence. Trademarks are indefinite-lived.

The following table summarizes changes in intangible assets, net:

(in thousands)	June 30, 2023		September 30, 2022
Balance at beginning of period	$	14,790	$	167
Changes from acquisition	1,470		14,740
Amortization	(966)		(117)
Balance at end of period	$	15,294	$	14,790

The weighted average remaining useful lives by definite-lived intangible asset category are as follows:

	June 30, 2023
(in thousands, except weighted average remaining life)	Weighted Average Remaining Life (in years)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Book Value
Technology	2.7	$	11,001	$	(8,750)	$	2,251
Customer relationships	3.8	4,690		(527)		4,163
Definite-lived intangible assets total		$	15,691	$	(9,277)	$	6,414

As of June 30, 2023, IPR&D and trademarks were approximately $6.7 million and $2.2 million, respectively.

	September 30, 2022
(in thousands, except weighted average remaining life)	Weighted Average Remaining Life (in years)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Book Value
Technology	5.4	$	10,991	$	(8,261)	$	2,730
Customer relationships	4.6	3,260		(50)		3,210
Definite-lived intangible assets total		$	14,251	$	(8,311)	$	5,940

As of September 30, 2022, IPR&D and trademarks were approximately $6.7 million and $2.2 million, respectively.

Estimated future amortization expense for intangible assets recorded by the Company as of June 30, 2023 is as follows:

(in thousands)	Amount
2023	$	309
2024	1,218
2025	1,192
2026	790
2027	766
Thereafter	2,139
Total amortization expense	$	6,414

Goodwill is recorded when the consideration for an acquisition exceeds the fair value of net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired. None of the Company's goodwill is deductible for tax purposes. The following table summarizes changes in goodwill:

(in thousands)	June 30, 2023		September 30, 2022
Balance at beginning of period	$	17,894	$	69
Adjustments to preliminary purchase price allocation	1,149		17,825
Balance at end of period	$	19,043	$	17,894

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Benefit Plans

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Retirement Benefits [Abstract]

Benefit Plans

Benefit Plans

We assumed a defined benefit pension plan (the “Pension Plan”) on April 29, 2022 as a result of the acquisition of S&N. The Pension Plan was frozen to new hires as of March 31, 2007 and employees hired on or after April 1, 2007 are not eligible to participate in the Pension Plan. On July 1, 2022, the Pension Plan was amended to freeze benefit plan accruals for participants. As a result of the freeze, a curtailment was triggered and a restatement of the benefit obligation and plan assets occurred, although no gain or loss resulted. The annual measurement date for the Pension Plan is September 30. Benefits are based on years of credited service at retirement. Annual contributions to the Pension Plan are not less than the minimum funding standards outlined in the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended. We maintain the Pension Plan with the goal of ensuring that it is adequately funded to meet its future obligations. We did not make any contributions to the Pension Plan during the three and nine months ended June 30, 2023 and do not anticipate making any contributions for the remainder of the fiscal year ending September 30, 2023.

The components of net periodic pension cost are as follows:

(in thousands)	Three Months Ended June 30, 2023		Nine Months Ended June 30, 2023
Service cost	$	26	$	78
Interest cost	93		279
Expected return on plan assets	(84)		(252)
Net periodic pension cost	$	35	$	105

The service cost component of total pension expense is included as a component of cost of revenue on the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2023. The interest cost and expected return on plan assets components of total pension expense are included as components of other income (expense) on the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2023.

Net pension asset is included as a component of other non-current assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2023. As of June 30, 2023, the Pension Plan assets consist of cash and cash equivalents, and we manage a liability driven investment strategy intended to maintain fully-funded status.

401(k) Plan

We have a savings plan that qualifies as a deferred salary arrangement under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. Under this savings plan, participating employees may defer a portion of their pretax earnings, up to the Internal Revenue Service annual contribution limit. Our matching contribution in cash for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2023, was

$0.4 million and $1.0 million, respectively. Our matching contribution in cash for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2022, was $0.2 million and $0.8 million, respectively.

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Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Payables and Accruals [Abstract]

Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

The components of accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following:

(in thousands)	June 30, 2023		September 30, 2022
Compensation	$	5,796	$	4,213
Warranty	1,478		1,504
Commissions	389		228
Consulting	277		241
Legal expenses and other professional fees	170		275
Auditor fees	183		186
Income and other taxes	56		—
Severance and restructuring accruals	1,732		423
Litigation settlement	72		341
Other	622		713
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	10,775	$	8,124

The components of accrued severance and restructuring accruals consisted of the following:

(in thousands)	June 30, 2023		September 30, 2022
Balance at beginning of period	$	423	$	—
Expense	2,296		1,353
Payments	(987)		(930)
Balance at end of period	$	1,732	$	423

In an effort to better align business operations related to CATV product lines, we reduced our workforce and recorded $1.8 million and $1.3 million in severance expense during the three months ended June 30, 2023 and nine months ended June 30, 2022, respectively. Severance and restructuring-related accruals specifically relate to the reductions in force. Expense related to severance and restructuring accruals is included in SG&A expense on the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. We expect all severance related to these workforce reductions that occurred in the nine months ended June 30, 2023 to be fully paid by the quarter ending September 30, 2024.

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Credit Agreement

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Credit Agreement

Credit Agreement

Wingspire Credit Agreement

On August 9, 2022, EMCORE and EMCORE Space & Navigation Corporation, our wholly-owned subsidiary, entered into that certain Credit Agreement with the lenders party thereto and Wingspire Capital LLC (“Wingspire”), as administrative agent for the lenders, as amended pursuant to that First Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated as of October 25, 2022, among EMCORE and EMCORE Space & Navigation Corporation, EMCORE Chicago Inertial Corporation, our wholly-owned subsidiary (together with the Company and S&N, the “Borrowers”), the lenders party thereto and Wingspire, to add EMCORE Chicago as a Borrower and include certain of its assets in the borrowing base (as amended, the “Credit Agreement”). The Credit Agreement provides for two credit facilities: (a) an asset-based revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of up to $40.0 million, subject to a borrowing base consisting of eligible accounts receivable and eligible inventory (subject to certain reserves), and (b) a term loan facility in an aggregate principal amount of approximately $6.0 million.

The proceeds of the loans made under the Credit Agreement may be used for general corporate purposes. Borrowings under the Credit Agreement will mature on August 8, 2026, and bear interest at a rate per annum equal to term SOFR plus a margin of (i) 3.75% or 5.50% in the case of revolving loans, depending on the applicable assets corresponding to the borrowing base pursuant to which the applicable loans are made and (ii) 5.50% in the case of the term loan. In addition, the Borrowers are responsible for Wingspire’s annual collateral monitoring fees as well as the lenders’ fees and expenses, including a closing fee of 1.0% of the aggregate principal amount of the commitments as of the closing with respect to revolving loans and 1.50% of the aggregate principal amount of the term loan. The Borrowers may also be required to pay an unused line fee of 0.50% in

respect to the undrawn portion of the revolving commitments, which is generally based on average daily usage of the revolving facility during the immediately preceding month.

The Credit Agreement contains representations and warranties, affirmative and negative covenants that are generally customary for credit facilities of this type. Among others, the Credit Agreement contains various covenants that, subject to agreed upon exceptions, limit the Borrowers’ and their respective subsidiaries’ ability to incur indebtedness, grant liens, enter into sale and leaseback transactions, enter into swap agreements, make loans, acquisitions and investments, change the nature of their business, acquire or sell assets, or consolidate or merge with or into other persons or entities, declare or pay dividends or make other restricted payments, enter into transactions with affiliates, enter into burdensome agreements, change fiscal year, amend organizational documents, and use proceeds to fund any activities of or business with any person that is the subject of governmental sanctions. In addition, the Credit Agreement requires that, for any period commencing upon the occurrence of an event of default or excess availability under the Credit Agreement being less than the greater of $5.0 million and 15% of the revolving commitments until such time as no event of default shall be continuing and excess availability under the Credit Agreement shall be at least the greater of $5.0 million and 15% of the revolving commitments for a period of 60 consecutive days, the Borrowers satisfy a consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio of not less than 1.10:1.00.

The Credit Agreement also includes customary events of default, the occurrence of which, following any applicable grace period, would permit the lenders to, among other things, declare the principal, accrued interest and other obligations of the Borrowers under the Credit Agreement to be immediately due and payable, and exercise rights and remedies available to the lenders under the Credit Agreement or applicable law or equity. In connection with the Credit Agreement, the Borrowers entered into a pledge and security agreement pursuant to which the obligations under the Credit Agreement are secured on a senior secured basis (subject to permitted liens) by substantially all assets of the Borrowers and substantially all assets of any future guarantors.

As of June 30, 2023, an aggregate principal amount of $6.5 million was outstanding pursuant to the revolving credit facility and an aggregate principal amount of $5.3 million was outstanding pursuant to the term loan facility. As of September 30, 2022, an aggregate principal amount of $9.6 million was outstanding pursuant to the revolving credit facility and an aggregate principal amount of $5.9 million was outstanding pursuant to the term loan facility. Also, as of June 30, 2023, the revolving credit facility had approximately $10.6 million available for borrowing. Provided that no event of default has occurred, and subject to availability limitations, loans under the revolving credit facility can continue to be drawn/redrawn/outstanding until expiration in 2025.

Our future term loan repayments as of June 30, 2023 is as follows:

(in thousands)	Amount
2023	$	212
2024	852
2025	852
2026	3,339
Total loan payments	$	5,255

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Income and Other Taxes

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income and Other Taxes

Income and Other Taxes

During the three and nine months ended June 30, 2023, the Company recorded an income tax expense of $29 thousand and $177 thousand, respectively, composed primarily of state tax expense and tax expense generated from the tax amortization on acquired indefinitely lived assets. For the three and nine months ended June 30, 2023 the effective tax rate on continuing operations was 0.3% and 0.5%, respectively.

During the three and nine months ended June 30, 2022, the Company recorded an income tax expense of $27 thousand and $25 thousand, respectively, composed primarily of Texas gross margin taxes. For the three and nine months ended June 30, 2022 the effective tax rate on continuing operations was 0.4% and 0.3%, respectively.

The Company uses estimates to forecast the results from continuing operations for the current fiscal year as well as permanent differences between book and tax accounting.

We have not provided for income taxes on non-U.S. subsidiaries’ undistributed earnings as of June 30, 2023 because we plan to indefinitely reinvest the unremitted earnings of our non-U.S. subsidiaries and all of our non-U.S. subsidiaries historically have negative earnings and profits.

All deferred tax assets have a full valuation allowance as of June 30, 2023, except for the tax amortization of indefinitely lived goodwill, which cannot be utilized to reduce deferred tax assets. On a quarterly basis, the Company evaluates the positive and negative evidence to assess whether the more-likely-than-not criteria has been satisfied in determining whether there will be further adjustments to the valuation allowance.

As of June 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022, we did not accrue any significant uncertain tax benefit, interest, or penalties as tax liabilities on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. During the three and nine months ended June 30, 2023, there were no material increases or decreases in unrecognized tax benefits.

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Commitments and Contingencies

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies

Indemnifications

We have agreed to indemnify certain customers against claims of infringement of intellectual property rights of others in our sales contracts with these customers. Historically, we have not paid any claims under these customer indemnification obligations. We enter into indemnification agreements with each of our directors and executive officers pursuant to which we agree to indemnify them for certain potential expenses and liabilities arising from their status as a director or executive officer of the Company. We maintain directors and officers insurance, which covers certain liabilities relating to our obligation to indemnify our directors and executive officers in certain circumstances. It is not possible to determine the aggregate maximum potential loss under these indemnification agreements due to the limited history of prior indemnification claims and the unique facts and circumstances involved in each particular claim.

Legal Proceedings

We are subject to various legal proceedings, claims, and litigation, either asserted or unasserted, that arise in the ordinary course of business. The outcome of these matters is currently not determinable and we are unable to estimate a range of loss, should a loss occur, from these proceedings. The ultimate outcome of legal proceedings involves judgments, estimates, and inherent uncertainties and the results of these matters cannot be predicted with certainty. Professional legal fees are expensed when incurred. We accrue for contingent losses when such losses are probable and reasonably estimable. In the event that estimates or assumptions prove to differ from actual results, adjustments are made in subsequent periods to reflect more current information. Should we fail to prevail in any legal matter, or should several legal matters be resolved against the Company in the same reporting period, then the financial results of that particular reporting period could be materially affected.

Intellectual Property Lawsuits

We protect our proprietary technology by applying for patents where appropriate and, in other cases, by preserving the technology, related know-how, and information as trade secrets. The success and competitive position of our product lines are impacted by our ability to obtain intellectual property protection for our research and development efforts. We have, from time to time, exchanged correspondence with third parties regarding the assertion of patent or other intellectual property rights in connection with certain of our products and processes.

Resilience Litigation

In February 2021, Resilience Capital (“Resilience”) filed a complaint against us with the Delaware Chancery Court containing claims arising from the February 2020 sale of SDI’s real property (the “Concord Property Sale”) located in Concord, California (the “Concord Real Property”) to Eagle Rock Holdings, LP (“Buyer”) and that certain Single-Tenant Triple Net Lease, dated as of February 10, 2020, entered into by and between SDI and the Buyer, pursuant to which SDI leased from the Buyer the Concord Real Property for a 15-year term. The Resilience complaint seeks, among other items, (a) a declaration that the Concord Property Sale included a non-cash component, (b) a decree requiring us and Resilience to follow the appraisal requirements set forth in that certain Purchase and Sale Agreement (the “SDI Purchase Agreement”), dated as of June 7, 2019, by and among the Company, The Resilience Fund IV, L.P., The Resilience Fund IV-A, L.P., Aerospace Newco Holdings, Inc. and Ember Acquisition Sub, Inc., (c) recovery of Resilience’s costs and expenses, and (d) pre- and post-judgment interest.

In April 2021, we filed with the Delaware Chancery Court our answer to the Resilience complaint and counterclaims against Resilience, in which we are seeking, among other items, (a) dismissal of the Resilience complaint and/or granting of judgment in favor of EMCORE with respect to the Resilience complaint, (b) entering final judgment against Resilience awarding damages to us for Resilience’s fraud and breaches of the SDI Purchase Agreement in an amount to be proven at trial and not less than $1,565,000, (c) a judicial determination of the respective rights and duties of us and Resilience under the SDI Purchase Agreement, (d) an award to us of costs and expenses, and (e) pre- and post-judgment interest.

On April 24, 2023, the Company and Resilience entered into a Settlement and Release Agreement (the “Resilience Settlement Agreement”). The material financial terms of the Resilience Settlement Agreement required (i) a payment of $500,000 by the Company to Resilience, which payment was made by the Company during the three months ended June 30, 2023, (ii) an appraisal of the Concord Real Property as of January 2, 2020, which could trigger a further future payment by the Company in an amount to be determined by said appraisal, and if triggered, is expected to be made during the three months ending September 30, 2023, and (iii) a mutual release of all claims, including claims arising under the SDI Purchase Agreement, and a dismissal of the litigation by all parties.

On April 24, 2023, the underwriters of the representation and warranty insurance policies the Company acquired in connection with the SDI Purchase Agreement agreed to pay the Company $1.15 million within 15 business days in exchange for a release of any and all claims under the policies. We received payment during the three months ended June 30, 2023.

Contingent Inventory Obligations

Pursuant to that certain Manufacturing Supply Agreement, dated August 9, 2021 (as amended, the “Fastrain Manufacturing Agreement”), by and between the Company and each of Shenzhen Fastrain Technology Co., Ltd., Hong Kong Fastrain Company Limited and Fastrain Technology Malaysia SDN. BHD. (collectively, “Fastrain”), we may be liable to Fastrain for certain unused inventory. As of the quarter ended June 30, 2023, we had accrued $0.4 million pursuant to such inventory obligations in connection with our restructuring announced in April 2023 and estimate a potential range of total future additional liability pursuant to such inventory obligations of a minimum of $0 and a maximum of $3.2 million.

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Equity

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Equity [Abstract]

Equity

Equity

Equity Plans

We provide long-term incentives to eligible officers, directors, and employees in the form of equity-based awards. We maintain four equity incentive compensation plans, collectively described as our “Equity Plans”: (a) the 2010 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2010 Plan”), (b) the 2012 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2012 Plan”), (c) the Amended and Restated 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2019 Plan”), and (d) the 2022 New Employee Inducement Plan.

We issue new shares of common stock to satisfy awards granted under our Equity Plans. In December 2022, our Board of Directors approved an amendment to the 2019 Plan, which, subject to shareholder approval at our 2023 annual meeting of shareholders, would increase the maximum number of shares of the Company’s common stock that may be issued or transferred pursuant to awards under the 2019 Plan by an additional 1.549 million shares.

Stock-Based Compensation

The following table sets forth stock-based compensation expense by award type:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Nine Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
RSUs and RSAs	$	1,113	$	692	$	2,869	$	1,795
PSUs and PRSAs	517		708		1,818		1,602
Outside director equity awards and fees in common stock	83		123		295		358
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	1,713	$	1,523	$	4,982	$	3,755

The following table sets forth stock-based compensation expense by expense type:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Nine Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Cost of revenue	$	436	$	275	$	1,154	$	604
Selling, general, and administrative	980		1,001		3,006		2,537
Research and development	297		247		822		614
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	1,713	$	1,523	$	4,982	$	3,755

Loss Per Share

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Nine Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands, except per share data)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Numerator
Net loss	$	(9,857)	$	(7,649)	$	(33,778)	$	(7,460)
Denominator
Weighted average number of shares outstanding - basic	53,926		37,425		45,546		37,197
Effect of dilutive securities
Stock options	—		—		—		—
PSUs, RSUs, and restricted stock	—		—		—		—
Weighted average number of shares outstanding - diluted	53,926		37,425		45,546		37,197
Earnings per share - basic	$	(0.18)	$	(0.20)	$	(0.74)	$	(0.20)
Earnings per share - diluted	$	(0.18)	$	(0.20)	$	(0.74)	$	(0.20)
Weighted average antidilutive options, unvested RSUs and RSAs, and unvested PSUs excluded from the computation	3,823		3,163		2,533		1,315

Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing net (loss) income for the period by the weighted-average number of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS is computed by dividing net (loss) income for the period by the weighted average number of common stock outstanding during the period, plus the dilutive effect of outstanding restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and restricted stock awards (“RSAs”), performance stock units (“PSUs”), and stock options as applicable pursuant to the treasury stock method. Certain of the Company's outstanding share-based awards, noted in the table above, were excluded because they were anti-dilutive, but they could become dilutive in the future. The anti-dilutive stock options and shares of outstanding and unvested restricted stock were excluded from the computation of earnings per share for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 due to the Company incurring a net loss for such period.

Public Offering

On February 17, 2023, we closed our offering of 15,454,546 shares of our common stock at a price of $1.10 per share, resulting in net proceeds to us from the offering, after deducting the placement agent commissions and other offering expenses, of $15.4 million. The shares were sold by us pursuant to a Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of February 17, 2023, between the Company and each purchaser named in the signature pages thereto and a Placement Agency Agreement, dated as of February 15, 2023, by and between the Company and A.G.P./Alliance Global Partners.

Future Issuances

Common stock reserved for future issuances as of June 30, 2023 was as follows:

	Amount
Exercise of outstanding stock options	9,981
Unvested RSUs and RSAs	4,491,733
Unvested PSUs and PRSAs (at 100% maximum payout)	1,750,068
Issuance of stock-based awards under the Equity Plans	599,585
Purchases under the officer and director share purchase plan	88,741
Total reserved	6,940,108

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Segment and Revenue Information

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Segment and Revenue Information

Segment and Revenue Information

Reportable Segments

Reported below are the Company’s segments for which separate financial information is available and upon which operating results are evaluated by the chief operating decision maker, the Chief Executive Officer, to assess performance and to allocate resources. We do not allocate sales and marketing, general and administrative expenses, or interest expense and interest income

to our segments because management does not include the information in its measurement of the performance of the operating segments. Also, a measure of segment assets and liabilities has not been provided to the Company's chief operating decision maker and therefore is not shown below.

Information on reportable segments utilized by the chief operating decision maker is as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Nine Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Revenue
Aerospace and Defense	$	27,001	$	13,416	$	73,879	$	32,322
Broadband	(303)		10,259		4,592		66,239
Total revenue	$	26,698	$	23,675	$	78,471	$	98,561
Segment profit
Aerospace and Defense gross profit	$	7,163	$	1,551	$	16,786	$	4,468
Aerospace and Defense research and development expense	4,448		3,834		14,050		12,037
Aerospace and Defense gross profit less research and development expense	$	2,715	$	(2,283)	$	2,736	$	(7,569)
Broadband gross profit	$	(3,663)	$	2,347	$	(6,516)	$	24,244
Broadband research and development expense	723		679		2,269		1,638
Broadband gross profit less research and development expense	$	(4,386)	$	1,668	$	(8,785)	$	22,606
Total gross profit less research and development expense	$	(1,671)	$	(615)	$	(6,049)	$	15,037

Product Categories

Revenue is classified by major product category as presented below:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Nine Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Aerospace and Defense
Inertial Navigation	$	26,718	$	9,891	$	70,947	$	25,651
Defense Optoelectronics	283		3,525		2,932		6,671
Broadband
CATV Optical Transmitters and Components	323		7,006		2,270		56,449
Data Center Chips	(312)		1,353		885		3,534
Optical Sensing	(314)		1,900		1,437		6,256
Total revenue	$	26,698	$	23,675	$	78,471	$	98,561

Timing of Revenue

Revenue is classified by timing of recognition as presented below:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Nine Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Trade revenue (recognized at a point in time)	$	19,667	$	18,207	$	58,763	$	91,056
Contract revenue (recognized over time)	7,031		5,468		19,708		7,505
Total revenue	$	26,698	$	23,675	$	78,471	$	98,561

Geographical Concentration

Revenue is classified by geographic area based on our customers’ billing address as presented below:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Nine Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
United States and Canada	$	21,377	$	19,043	$	60,600	$	86,751
Asia	1,856		1,684		4,235		6,498
Europe	1,657		2,243		8,592		3,999
Other	1,808		705		5,044		1,313
Total revenue	$	26,698	$	23,675	$	78,471	$	98,561

Customer Concentration

Portions of the Company’s sales are concentrated among a limited number of customers. Significant customers are defined as customers representing greater than 10% of consolidated revenue. Revenue from two significant customers represented an aggregate of 41% and 35% of our consolidated revenue for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, and revenue from two significant customers represented an aggregate of 37% and 54% of our consolidated revenue for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2022, respectively.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation and Going Concern

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim information, and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Accordingly, they do not include all information and notes required by U.S. GAAP for annual financial statements. In our opinion, the interim financial statements reflect all adjustments, which are all normal recurring adjustments, that are necessary to provide a fair presentation of the financial results for the interim periods presented. Operating results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for an entire fiscal year. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2022 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements as of such date. For a more complete understanding of our business, financial position, operating results, cash flows, risk factors, and other matters, please refer to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2022.

We follow the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 350, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (“ASC 350”). ASC 350 requires the completion of a goodwill impairment test at least annually based on either an optional qualitative assessment or a quantitative analysis comparing the estimated fair value of a reporting unit to its carrying value as of the test date. In the current interim period ending June 30, 2023, we have elected to change our annual test date from December 31st of each year to July 1st of each year, unless there are indications requiring a more frequent impairment test. Any impairment charges would be based on the quantitative analysis. We performed our last test at December 31, 2022 and will perform our next test on July 1, 2023.

Going Concern

These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles assuming we will continue as a going concern. The going concern assumption contemplates the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. However, substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern exists.

We have recently experienced significant losses from our operations and used a significant amount of cash, amounting to a net loss of $33.8 million and net cash outflows from operations of $26.4 million for the nine months ended June 30, 2023, and we expect to continue to incur losses and use cash in our operations as we continue to restructure our business. As a result of our recent cash outflows, we have taken actions to manage our liquidity and will need to continue to manage our liquidity as we continue to restructure our operations to focus on our Aerospace & Defense business. As of June 30, 2023, our cash and cash equivalents totaled $20.2 million and we had $10.6 million available under our Credit Agreement (as defined in Note 11 - Credit Agreement in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements).

We are evaluating the sufficiency of our existing balances of cash and cash equivalents, cash flows from operations, and amounts expected to be available under our Credit Agreement, together with additional actions we could take (including those

made in connection with our restructuring program announced in April 2023) to further reduce our expenses and/or potentially raising capital through additional debt or equity issuances, or from the potential monetization of certain assets. However, we may not be successful in executing on our plans to manage our liquidity, including recognizing the expected benefits from our previously announced restructuring program, or raising additional funds if we elect to do so, and as a result substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern exists.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, as of the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reported period. Such estimates include accounts receivable, inventories, goodwill, long-lived assets, product warranty liabilities, legal contingencies, income taxes, asset retirement obligations, and pension obligation, as well as the evaluation associated with the Company's assessment of its ability to continue as a going concern.

We develop estimates based on historical experience and on various assumptions about the future that are believed to be reasonable based on the best information available to us. Our reported financial position or results of operations may be materially different under changed conditions or when using different estimates and assumptions, particularly with respect to significant accounting policies. In the event that estimates or assumptions prove to differ from actual results, adjustments are made in subsequent periods to reflect more current information.

Legal Costs

Professional legal fees are expensed when incurred. We accrue for contingent losses when such losses are probable and reasonably estimable.

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Acquisitions (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Abstract]

Schedule of Recognized Identified Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed

The table below represents the final purchase price allocation to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed of EMCORE Chicago based on their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date based on management’s best estimates and assumptions:

(in thousands)	Amount
Tangible assets acquired:
Accounts receivable	$	4,977
Inventory	7,479
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	1,483
Property, plant, and equipment	14,442
Intangible assets acquired	13,470
Goodwill	15,867
Liabilities assumed:
Accounts payable	(1,699)
Accrued expenses	(485)
Contract liabilities	(637)
Other long-term liabilities	(8)
Total purchase consideration	$	54,889

Schedule of Unaudited Pro Forma Information

The following unaudited pro forma financial information presented for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2022 does not purport to be indicative of the results of operations that would have been achieved had the EMCORE Chicago acquisition been consummated on October 1, 2021, nor of the results which may occur in the future. The pro forma amounts are based upon available information and certain assumptions that the Company believes are reasonable.

	Three Months Ended June 30, 2022
	Historical
(in thousands, except per share data)	EMCORE Corporation (excluding EMCORE Chicago)		EMCORE Chicago		Pro Forma Adjustments			Pro Forma Combined
Revenue	$	23,675	$	7,698	$	—		$	31,373
Cost of revenue	19,777		5,827		171		(a)	25,775
Gross profit	3,898		1,871		(171)			5,598
Operating expense:
Selling, general, and administrative	7,800		2,905		(1,026)		(a)(b)	9,679
Research and development	4,513		1,443		(264)		(a)(b)	5,692
Severance	—		—		—			—
Gain on sale of assets	(1,318)		—		—			(1,318)
Total operating expense	10,995		4,348		(1,290)			14,053
Operating loss	(7,097)		(2,477)		1,119			(8,455)
Other expense:
Interest income, net	9		—		318		(c)	327
Foreign exchange loss	(185)		—		—			(185)
Other expense	(349)		34		—			(315)
Total other expense	(525)		34		318			(173)
Loss before income tax expense	(7,622)		(2,443)		1,437			(8,628)
Income tax expense	(27)		(13)		(6)		(d)(e)	(46)
Net loss	(7,649)		(2,456)		1,431			(8,674)
Foreign exchange translation adjustment	69		—		—			69
Comprehensive loss	$	(7,580)	$	(2,456)	1,431			$	(8,605)
Per share data:
Net loss per basic share	$	(0.20)			$	—		$	(0.23)
Weighted-average number of basic shares outstanding	37,425				—			37,425
Net loss per diluted share	$	(0.20)			$	—		$	(0.23)
Weighted-average number of diluted shares outstanding	37,425				—			37,425

	Nine Months Ended June 30, 2022
	Historical
(in thousands, except per share data)	EMCORE Corporation (excluding EMCORE Chicago)		EMCORE Chicago		Pro Forma Adjustments			Pro Forma Combined
Revenue	$	98,561	$	23,094	$	—		$	121,655
Cost of revenue	69,849		17,482		512		(a)	87,843
Gross profit	28,712		5,612		(512)			33,812
Operating expense:
Selling, general, and administrative	22,550		8,329		(3,077)		(a)(b)	27,802
Research and development	13,675		4,330		(793)		(a)(b)	17,212
Severance	1,318		—		—			1,318
Gain on sale of assets	(1,919)		—		—			(1,919)
Total operating expense	35,624		12,659		(3,870)			44,413
Operating loss	(6,912)		(7,047)		3,358			(10,601)
Other expense:
Interest expense, net	(14)		—		954		(c)	940
Foreign exchange loss	(160)		—		—			(160)
Other expense	(349)		102		—			(247)
Total other expense	(523)		102		954			533
Loss before income tax expense	(7,435)		(6,945)		4,312			(10,068)
Income tax expense	(25)		(38)		(17)		(d)(e)	(80)
Net loss	(7,460)		(6,983)		4,295			(10,148)
Foreign exchange translation adjustment	91		—		—			91
Comprehensive loss	$	(7,369)	$	(6,983)	4,295			$	(10,057)
Per share data:
Net loss per basic share	$	(0.20)			$	—		$	(0.27)
Weighted-average number of basic shares outstanding	37,197				—			37,197
Net loss per diluted share	$	(0.20)			$	—		$	(0.27)
Weighted-average number of diluted shares outstanding	37,197				—			37,197

(a) Reflects the impact to depreciation expense and amortization expense as a result of the change in fair value of property, plant, and equipment and intangible assets acquired.

(b) Reflects the deduction of various sales, general, and administrative and research and development expenses allocated from corporate overhead to EMCORE Chicago during the periods presented that will not be incurred on an ongoing basis as a result of existing EMCORE management structures in place, which will provide the same support to EMCORE Chicago upon completion of a transition services agreement entered into between EMCORE and KVH in connection with the EMCORE Chicago acquisition. Amounts were estimated based on historical allocation included in the stand-alone financial statements of EMCORE Chicago. However, actual costs to be incurred associated with corporate support may vary under the EMCORE structure.

(c) Reflects the impact of interest expense related to cash from borrowing facility for funding of the transaction.

(d) Reflects the current tax expense due to additional income and deferred income tax expense related to deferred tax liability generated from annual tax amortization of indefinite-lived assets that were acquired for the periods presented. Such amounts were determined based on the effective tax rate of EMCORE rather than statutory tax rates as a result of a tax valuation allowance covering substantially all deferred tax assets and the existence of tax loss carryforwards present at both entities.

(e) Reflects the deduction of the income tax expense related to the FIN 48 liability of EMCORE Chicago that is not assumed by EMCORE.

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Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]

Schedule of Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash reported within the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets that sum to the total of the same amounts shown in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of cash flows:

(in thousands)	June 30, 2023		September 30, 2022
Cash	$	13,936	$	20,011
Cash equivalents	5,781		5,614
Restricted cash	495		520
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	20,212	$	26,145

Schedule of Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash reported within the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets that sum to the total of the same amounts shown in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of cash flows:

(in thousands)	June 30, 2023		September 30, 2022
Cash	$	13,936	$	20,011
Cash equivalents	5,781		5,614
Restricted cash	495		520
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	20,212	$	26,145

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Accounts Receivable, net (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Receivables [Abstract]

Schedule of Components of Accounts Receivable, net

The components of accounts receivable, net consisted of the following:

(in thousands)	June 30, 2023		September 30, 2022
Accounts receivable, gross	$	17,814	$	18,410
Allowance for credit loss	(363)		(337)
Accounts receivable, net	$	17,451	$	18,073

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Inventory (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Inventory

The components of inventory consisted of the following:

(in thousands)	June 30, 2023		September 30, 2022
Raw materials	$	21,714	$	22,927
Work in-process	9,005		9,587
Finished goods	5,114		4,521
Inventory	$	35,833	$	37,035

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Property, Plant, and Equipment, net (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Schedule of Property, Plant and Equipment

The components of property, plant, and equipment, net consisted of the following:

(in thousands)	June 30, 2023		September 30, 2022
Land	$	—	$	995
Building	—		8,805
Equipment	47,711		42,330
Furniture and fixtures	1,571		1,394
Computer hardware and software	3,377		3,378
Leasehold improvements	9,794		7,180
Construction in progress	3,278		9,886
Property, plant, and equipment, gross	$	65,731	$	73,968
Accumulated depreciation	(41,343)		(36,101)
Property, plant, and equipment, net	$	24,388	$	37,867

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Intangible Assets and Goodwill (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Changes in Intangible Assets

The following table summarizes changes in intangible assets, net:

(in thousands)	June 30, 2023		September 30, 2022
Balance at beginning of period	$	14,790	$	167
Changes from acquisition	1,470		14,740
Amortization	(966)		(117)
Balance at end of period	$	15,294	$	14,790

Schedule of Weighted Average Remaining Useful Lives by Definite-lived Intangible Asset

The weighted average remaining useful lives by definite-lived intangible asset category are as follows:

	June 30, 2023
(in thousands, except weighted average remaining life)	Weighted Average Remaining Life (in years)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Book Value
Technology	2.7	$	11,001	$	(8,750)	$	2,251
Customer relationships	3.8	4,690		(527)		4,163
Definite-lived intangible assets total		$	15,691	$	(9,277)	$	6,414

	September 30, 2022
(in thousands, except weighted average remaining life)	Weighted Average Remaining Life (in years)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Book Value
Technology	5.4	$	10,991	$	(8,261)	$	2,730
Customer relationships	4.6	3,260		(50)		3,210
Definite-lived intangible assets total		$	14,251	$	(8,311)	$	5,940

Schedule of Future Amortization Expense for Intangible Assets

Estimated future amortization expense for intangible assets recorded by the Company as of June 30, 2023 is as follows:

(in thousands)	Amount
2023	$	309
2024	1,218
2025	1,192
2026	790
2027	766
Thereafter	2,139
Total amortization expense	$	6,414

Schedule of Goodwill

The following table summarizes changes in goodwill:

(in thousands)	June 30, 2023		September 30, 2022
Balance at beginning of period	$	17,894	$	69
Adjustments to preliminary purchase price allocation	1,149		17,825
Balance at end of period	$	19,043	$	17,894

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Benefit Plans (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Retirement Benefits [Abstract]

Schedule of Components of Pension Expense

The components of net periodic pension cost are as follows:

(in thousands)	Three Months Ended June 30, 2023		Nine Months Ended June 30, 2023
Service cost	$	26	$	78
Interest cost	93		279
Expected return on plan assets	(84)		(252)
Net periodic pension cost	$	35	$	105

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Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Payables and Accruals [Abstract]

Schedule of Components of Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

The components of accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following:

(in thousands)	June 30, 2023		September 30, 2022
Compensation	$	5,796	$	4,213
Warranty	1,478		1,504
Commissions	389		228
Consulting	277		241
Legal expenses and other professional fees	170		275
Auditor fees	183		186
Income and other taxes	56		—
Severance and restructuring accruals	1,732		423
Litigation settlement	72		341
Other	622		713
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	10,775	$	8,124

Schedule of Accrued Severance and Restructuring Accruals

The components of accrued severance and restructuring accruals consisted of the following:

(in thousands)	June 30, 2023		September 30, 2022
Balance at beginning of period	$	423	$	—
Expense	2,296		1,353
Payments	(987)		(930)
Balance at end of period	$	1,732	$	423

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Credit Agreement (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Future Loan Repayments

Our future term loan repayments as of June 30, 2023 is as follows:

(in thousands)	Amount
2023	$	212
2024	852
2025	852
2026	3,339
Total loan payments	$	5,255

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Equity (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Equity [Abstract]

Schedule of Stock-based Compensation Expense - By Award Type

The following table sets forth stock-based compensation expense by award type:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Nine Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
RSUs and RSAs	$	1,113	$	692	$	2,869	$	1,795
PSUs and PRSAs	517		708		1,818		1,602
Outside director equity awards and fees in common stock	83		123		295		358
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	1,713	$	1,523	$	4,982	$	3,755

Schedule of Stock-based Compensation Expense - By Expense Type

The following table sets forth stock-based compensation expense by expense type:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Nine Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Cost of revenue	$	436	$	275	$	1,154	$	604
Selling, general, and administrative	980		1,001		3,006		2,537
Research and development	297		247		822		614
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	1,713	$	1,523	$	4,982	$	3,755

Schedule of (Loss) Income Per Share

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Nine Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands, except per share data)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Numerator
Net loss	$	(9,857)	$	(7,649)	$	(33,778)	$	(7,460)
Denominator
Weighted average number of shares outstanding - basic	53,926		37,425		45,546		37,197
Effect of dilutive securities
Stock options	—		—		—		—
PSUs, RSUs, and restricted stock	—		—		—		—
Weighted average number of shares outstanding - diluted	53,926		37,425		45,546		37,197
Earnings per share - basic	$	(0.18)	$	(0.20)	$	(0.74)	$	(0.20)
Earnings per share - diluted	$	(0.18)	$	(0.20)	$	(0.74)	$	(0.20)
Weighted average antidilutive options, unvested RSUs and RSAs, and unvested PSUs excluded from the computation	3,823		3,163		2,533		1,315

Schedule of Common Stock Reserved for Future Issuances

Common stock reserved for future issuances as of June 30, 2023 was as follows:

	Amount
Exercise of outstanding stock options	9,981
Unvested RSUs and RSAs	4,491,733
Unvested PSUs and PRSAs (at 100% maximum payout)	1,750,068
Issuance of stock-based awards under the Equity Plans	599,585
Purchases under the officer and director share purchase plan	88,741
Total reserved	6,940,108

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Segment and Revenue Information (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Schedule of Reportable Segment

Information on reportable segments utilized by the chief operating decision maker is as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Nine Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Revenue
Aerospace and Defense	$	27,001	$	13,416	$	73,879	$	32,322
Broadband	(303)		10,259		4,592		66,239
Total revenue	$	26,698	$	23,675	$	78,471	$	98,561
Segment profit
Aerospace and Defense gross profit	$	7,163	$	1,551	$	16,786	$	4,468
Aerospace and Defense research and development expense	4,448		3,834		14,050		12,037
Aerospace and Defense gross profit less research and development expense	$	2,715	$	(2,283)	$	2,736	$	(7,569)
Broadband gross profit	$	(3,663)	$	2,347	$	(6,516)	$	24,244
Broadband research and development expense	723		679		2,269		1,638
Broadband gross profit less research and development expense	$	(4,386)	$	1,668	$	(8,785)	$	22,606
Total gross profit less research and development expense	$	(1,671)	$	(615)	$	(6,049)	$	15,037

Schedule of Revenue by Major Product Category

Revenue is classified by major product category as presented below:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Nine Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Aerospace and Defense
Inertial Navigation	$	26,718	$	9,891	$	70,947	$	25,651
Defense Optoelectronics	283		3,525		2,932		6,671
Broadband
CATV Optical Transmitters and Components	323		7,006		2,270		56,449
Data Center Chips	(312)		1,353		885		3,534
Optical Sensing	(314)		1,900		1,437		6,256
Total revenue	$	26,698	$	23,675	$	78,471	$	98,561

Schedule of Revenue by Geographic Region

Revenue is classified by timing of recognition as presented below:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Nine Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Trade revenue (recognized at a point in time)	$	19,667	$	18,207	$	58,763	$	91,056
Contract revenue (recognized over time)	7,031		5,468		19,708		7,505
Total revenue	$	26,698	$	23,675	$	78,471	$	98,561

Geographical Concentration

Revenue is classified by geographic area based on our customers’ billing address as presented below:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Nine Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
United States and Canada	$	21,377	$	19,043	$	60,600	$	86,751
Asia	1,856		1,684		4,235		6,498
Europe	1,657		2,243		8,592		3,999
Other	1,808		705		5,044		1,313
Total revenue	$	26,698	$	23,675	$	78,471	$	98,561

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Description of Business (Details)	Jun. 30, 2023
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Portfolio acquisition years	4 years

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Net loss	$ (9,857)	$ (7,649)	$ (33,778)	$ (7,460)
Net cash used in operating activities			(26,435)	8,149
Cash and cash equivalents	20,212	$ 75,129	20,212	$ 75,129	$ 26,145	$ 71,682
Revolving Credit Facility | New ABL Credit Agreement
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Remaining borrowing capacity	$ 10,600		$ 10,600

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Acquisitions - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Aug. 09, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Adjustments to preliminary purchase price allocation			$ 1,149	$ 17,825
Transaction costs		$ 300	3,600
KVH Industries, Inc
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Payments to acquire business	$ 55,000
Revenue		9,300	25,900
Net income (loss)		400	2,100
Adjustments to preliminary purchase price allocation			3,300
Inventory reduction			3,300
Intangible assets acquired		13,470	13,470
KVH Industries, Inc | In Process Research and Development
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Intangible assets acquired		5,900	5,900
KVH Industries, Inc | Trademarks
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Intangible assets acquired		2,200	2,200
KVH Industries, Inc | Customer relationships
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Intangible assets acquired		3,000	3,000
KVH Industries, Inc | Technology
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Intangible assets acquired		2,400	2,400
S and N and Emcore Chicago Acquisitions
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Amount of goodwill acquired		$ 15,900	$ 15,900
EMCORE Chicago
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Goodwill acquired (as percent)		83.30%	83.30%

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Acquisitions - Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed of IN (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Tangible assets acquired:
Goodwill	$ 19,043	$ 17,894	$ 69
KVH Industries, Inc
Tangible assets acquired:
Accounts receivable	4,977
Inventory	7,479
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	1,483
Property, plant, and equipment	14,442
Intangible assets acquired	13,470
Goodwill	15,867
Liabilities assumed:
Accounts payable	(1,699)
Accrued expenses	(485)
Contract liabilities	(637)
Other long-term liabilities	(8)
Total purchase consideration	$ 54,889

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Acquisitions - Pro Forma Information (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 26,698	$ 23,675	$ 78,471	$ 98,561
Cost of revenue	23,198	19,777	68,201	69,849
Gross profit	3,500	3,898	10,270	28,712
Operating expense:
Selling, general, and administrative	6,452	7,800	26,347	22,550
Research and development	5,171	4,513	16,319	13,675
Severance	1,838	0	2,296	1,318
Gain on sale of assets	0	(1,318)	(1,147)	(1,919)
Total operating expense	13,461	10,995	43,815	35,624
Operating loss	(9,961)	(7,097)	(33,545)	(6,912)
Other income (expense):
Interest (expense) income, net	(219)	9	(682)	(14)
Foreign exchange loss	321	(185)	442	(160)
Other income (expense)	31	(349)	184	(349)
Total other income (expense)	133	(525)	(56)	(523)
Loss before income tax expense	(9,828)	(7,622)	(33,601)	(7,435)
Income tax expense	(29)	(27)	(177)	(25)
Net loss	(9,857)	(7,649)	(33,778)	(7,460)
Foreign exchange translation adjustment	(134)	69	(79)	91
Comprehensive loss	$ (9,991)	$ (7,580)	$ (33,857)	$ (7,369)
Net loss per basic share (in dollars per share)	$ (0.18)	$ (0.20)	$ (0.74)	$ (0.20)
Weighted-average number of basic shares outstanding (in shares)	53,926	37,425	45,546	37,197
Net loss per diluted share (in dollars per share)	$ (0.18)	$ (0.20)	$ (0.74)	$ (0.20)
Weighted-average number of diluted shares outstanding (in shares)	53,926	37,425	45,546	37,197
Pro Forma
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Revenue		$ 31,373		$ 121,655
Cost of revenue		25,775		87,843
Gross profit		5,598		33,812
Operating expense:
Selling, general, and administrative		9,679		27,802
Research and development		5,692		17,212
Severance		0		1,318
Gain on sale of assets		(1,318)		(1,919)
Total operating expense		14,053		44,413
Operating loss		(8,455)		(10,601)
Other income (expense):
Interest (expense) income, net		327		940
Foreign exchange loss		(185)		(160)
Other income (expense)		(315)		(247)
Total other income (expense)		(173)		533
Loss before income tax expense		(8,628)		(10,068)
Income tax expense		(46)		(80)
Net loss		(8,674)		(10,148)
Foreign exchange translation adjustment		69		91
Comprehensive loss		$ (8,605)		$ (10,057)
Net loss per basic share (in dollars per share)		$ (0.23)		$ (0.27)
Weighted-average number of basic shares outstanding (in shares)		37,425		37,197
Net loss per diluted share (in dollars per share)		$ (0.23)		$ (0.27)
Weighted-average number of diluted shares outstanding (in shares)		37,425		37,197
Pro Forma | Pro Forma Adjustments
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Revenue		$ 0		$ 0
Cost of revenue		171		512
Gross profit		(171)		(512)
Operating expense:
Selling, general, and administrative		(1,026)		(3,077)
Research and development		(264)		(793)
Severance		0		0
Gain on sale of assets		0		0
Total operating expense		(1,290)		(3,870)
Operating loss		1,119		3,358
Other income (expense):
Interest (expense) income, net		318		954
Foreign exchange loss		0		0
Other income (expense)		0		0
Total other income (expense)		318		954
Loss before income tax expense		1,437		4,312
Income tax expense		(6)		(17)
Net loss		1,431		4,295
Foreign exchange translation adjustment		0		0
Comprehensive loss		$ 1,431		$ 4,295
Net loss per basic share (in dollars per share)		$ 0		$ 0
Weighted-average number of basic shares outstanding (in shares)		0		0
Net loss per diluted share (in dollars per share)		$ 0		$ 0
Weighted-average number of diluted shares outstanding (in shares)		0		0
Pro Forma | EMCORE Corporation (excluding EMCORE Chicago)
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Revenue		$ 23,675		$ 98,561
Cost of revenue		19,777		69,849
Gross profit		3,898		28,712
Operating expense:
Selling, general, and administrative		7,800		22,550
Research and development		4,513		13,675
Severance		0		1,318
Gain on sale of assets		(1,318)		(1,919)
Total operating expense		10,995		35,624
Operating loss		(7,097)		(6,912)
Other income (expense):
Interest (expense) income, net		9		(14)
Foreign exchange loss		(185)		(160)
Other income (expense)		(349)		(349)
Total other income (expense)		(525)		(523)
Loss before income tax expense		(7,622)		(7,435)
Income tax expense		(27)		(25)
Net loss		(7,649)		(7,460)
Foreign exchange translation adjustment		69		91
Comprehensive loss		$ (7,580)		$ (7,369)
Net loss per basic share (in dollars per share)		$ (0.20)		$ (0.20)
Weighted-average number of basic shares outstanding (in shares)		37,425		37,197
Net loss per diluted share (in dollars per share)		$ (0.20)		$ (0.20)
Weighted-average number of diluted shares outstanding (in shares)		37,425		37,197
Pro Forma | EMCORE Chicago
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Revenue		$ 7,698		$ 23,094
Cost of revenue		5,827		17,482
Gross profit		1,871		5,612
Operating expense:
Selling, general, and administrative		2,905		8,329
Research and development		1,443		4,330
Severance		0		0
Gain on sale of assets		0		0
Total operating expense		4,348		12,659
Operating loss		(2,477)		(7,047)
Other income (expense):
Interest (expense) income, net		0		0
Foreign exchange loss		0		0
Other income (expense)		34		102
Total other income (expense)		34		102
Loss before income tax expense		(2,443)		(6,945)
Income tax expense		(13)		(38)
Net loss		(2,456)		(6,983)
Foreign exchange translation adjustment		0		0
Comprehensive loss		$ (2,456)		$ (6,983)

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Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]
Cash	$ 13,936	$ 20,011
Cash equivalents	5,781	5,614
Restricted cash	495	520
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$ 20,212	$ 26,145	$ 75,129	$ 71,682

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Accounts Receivable, net - Schedule of Components of Accounts Receivable, net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Receivables [Abstract]
Accounts receivable, gross	$ 17,814	$ 18,410
Allowance for credit loss	(363)	(337)
Accounts receivable, net	$ 17,451	$ 18,073

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Inventory - Schedule of Components of Inventory (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Raw materials	$ 21,714	$ 22,927
Work in-process	9,005	9,587
Finished goods	5,114	4,521
Inventory	$ 35,833	$ 37,035

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Property, Plant, and Equipment, net - Schedule of Property, Plant, and Equipment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant, and equipment, gross	$ 65,731	$ 73,968
Accumulated depreciation	(41,343)	(36,101)
Property, plant, and equipment, net	24,388	37,867
Land
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant, and equipment, gross	0	995
Building
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant, and equipment, gross	0	8,805
Equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant, and equipment, gross	47,711	42,330
Furniture and fixtures
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant, and equipment, gross	1,571	1,394
Computer hardware and software
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant, and equipment, gross	3,377	3,378
Leasehold improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant, and equipment, gross	9,794	7,180
Construction in progress
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant, and equipment, gross	$ 3,278	$ 9,886

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Property, Plant, and Equipment, net - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended			9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2022
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Depreciation expense	$ 2,400		$ 1,200	$ 5,400	$ 3,200
Gain on sale of assets	0		$ 1,318	1,147	$ 1,919
Asset impairment charges		$ 3,000
Broadband
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Restructuring, accelerated depreciation	800			$ 800
United States | Long-lived Assets | Geographic Concentration Risk
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage				95.40%		95.40%
Disposal Group, Held-for-sale, Not Discontinued Operations | Tinley Park Facility
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant, and equipment held for sale	$ 10,300			$ 10,300
Gain on sale of assets				$ 1,200

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Intangible Assets and Goodwill - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Patents
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible assets useful life (in years)	7 years
Customer relationships
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible assets useful life (in years)	8 years
Technology | Minimum
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible assets useful life (in years)	2 years
Technology | Maximum
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible assets useful life (in years)	8 years
In Process Research and Development
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible assets acquired	$ 6.7	$ 6.7
Trademarks
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible assets acquired	$ 2.2	$ 2.2

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Intangible Assets and Goodwill - Schedule of Changes in Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance, Intangible asset	$ 14,790	$ 167
Changes from acquisition	1,470	14,740
Amortization	(966)	(117)
Ending balance, Intangible asset	$ 15,294	$ 14,790

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Intangible Assets and Goodwill - Schedule of Weighted Average Remaining Useful Lives by Definite-lived Intangible Asset (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 15,691	$ 14,251
Accumulated Amortization	(9,277)	(8,311)
Net Book Value	$ 6,414	$ 5,940
Technology
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Weighted Average Remaining Life (in years)	2 years 8 months 12 days	5 years 4 months 24 days
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 11,001	$ 10,991
Accumulated Amortization	(8,750)	(8,261)
Net Book Value	$ 2,251	$ 2,730
Customer relationships
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Weighted Average Remaining Life (in years)	3 years 9 months 18 days	4 years 7 months 6 days
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 4,690	$ 3,260
Accumulated Amortization	(527)	(50)
Net Book Value	$ 4,163	$ 3,210

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Intangible Assets and Goodwill - Schedule of Future Amortization Expense for Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
2023	$ 309
2024	1,218
2025	1,192
2026	790
2027	766
Thereafter	2,139
Net Book Value	$ 6,414	$ 5,940

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Intangible Assets and Goodwill - Schedule of Goodwill (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance, Goodwill	$ 17,894	$ 69
Adjustments to preliminary purchase price allocation	1,149	17,825
Ending balance, Goodwill	$ 19,043	$ 17,894

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Benefit Plans - Schedule of Components of Pension Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]
Service cost	$ 26	$ 78
Interest cost	93	279
Expected return on plan assets	(84)	(252)
Net periodic pension cost	$ 35	$ 105

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Benefit Plans - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]
Matching contribution	$ 0.4	$ 0.2	$ 1.0	$ 0.8

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Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities - Schedule of Components of Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Payables and Accruals [Abstract]
Compensation	$ 5,796	$ 4,213
Warranty	1,478	1,504
Commissions	389	228
Consulting	277	241
Legal expenses and other professional fees	170	275
Auditor fees	183	186
Income and other taxes	56	0
Severance and restructuring accruals	1,732	423	$ 0
Litigation settlement	72	341
Other	622	713
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$ 10,775	$ 8,124

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Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities - Schedule of Accrued Severance and Restructuring Accruals (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	$ 423	$ 0
Expense	2,296	1,353
Payments	(987)	(930)
Ending balance	$ 1,732	$ 423

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Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2022
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Severance expenses		$ 2,296		$ 1,353
Employee Severance
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Severance expenses	$ 1,800		$ 1,300

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Credit Agreement - Narrative (Details)	Aug. 09, 2022 USD ($) creditFacility	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Consecutive days threshold	60 days
Loan payable - non-current		$ 4,403,000	$ 5,042,000
New ABL Credit Agreement
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Excess availability term	$ 5,000,000
Excess availability term percentage	0.15
Fixed charge coverage ratio (not less than)	1.10
Secured Debt | New ABL Credit Agreement
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Principal amount	$ 6,000,000
Debt instrument, closing fee percentage	0.0150
Secured Debt | New ABL Credit Agreement | Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight Index Swap Rate
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate	5.50%
Revolving Credit Facility | New ABL Credit Agreement
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Line of credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity	$ 40,000,000
Debt instrument, closing fee percentage	0.010
Unused capacity fee percentage	0.50%
Loan payable - non-current		6,500,000	5,900,000
Long-term line of credit		5,300,000	$ 9,600,000
Remaining borrowing capacity		$ 10,600,000
Revolving Credit Facility | New ABL Credit Agreement | Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight Index Swap Rate
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate	3.75%
Revolving Credit Facility | Secured Debt
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Number of credit facilities | creditFacility	2

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Credit Agreements - Schedule of Future Loan Repayments (Details) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
2023	$ 212
2024	852
2025	852
2026	3,339
Total loan payments	$ 5,255

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Income and Other Taxes - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income tax expense	$ 29,000	$ 27,000	$ 177,000	$ 25,000
Effective tax rate on continuing operations	0.30%	0.40%	0.50%	0.30%
Interest and penalties accrued as tax liabilities	$ 0		$ 0		$ 0
Uncertain tax reserve, period increase (decrease)	$ 0		$ 0

XML

Commitments and Contingencies (Details) $ in Thousands		1 Months Ended
	Apr. 24, 2023 USD ($) businessDay	Apr. 30, 2021 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Feb. 10, 2020
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Inventory obligation			$ 400
Minimum
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Inventory obligation			0
Maximum
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Inventory obligation			$ 3,200
Resilience Litigation
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Payments for legal settlements	$ 500
Resilience Litigation | Resilience Capital
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Damages sought value (not less than)		$ 1,565
Resilience Litigation | Concord Property
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Lease length in years				15 years
Beazley Settlement Agreement
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Litigation settlement, amount awarded from other party	$ 1,150
Litigation settlement, business days, required payment | businessDay	15

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Equity - Narrative (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions		1 Months Ended
	Feb. 17, 2023 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2022 shares	Jun. 30, 2023 plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of equity incentive compensation plans maintained by the company | plan			4
Common Stock | IPO
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Sale of stock, number of shares issued in transaction (in shares)	15,454,546
Sale of stock, price per share (USD per share) | $ / shares	$ 1.10
Gross proceeds from issuance, initial public offering | $	$ 15.4
2019 Equity Incentive Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Additional number of shares authorized for the plan (in shares)		1,549,000

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Equity - Schedule of Stock-based Compensation Expense - by Award Type (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	$ 1,713	$ 1,523	$ 4,982	$ 3,755
RSUs and RSAs
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	1,113	692	2,869	1,795
PSUs and PRSAs
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	517	708	1,818	1,602
Outside director equity awards and fees in common stock
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	$ 83	$ 123	$ 295	$ 358

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Equity - Schedule of Stock-based Compensation Expense - by Expense Category (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	$ 1,713	$ 1,523	$ 4,982	$ 3,755
Cost of revenue
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	436	275	1,154	604
Selling, general, and administrative
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	980	1,001	3,006	2,537
Research and development
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	$ 297	$ 247	$ 822	$ 614

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Equity - Schedule of (Loss) Income Per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Numerator
Net loss	$ (9,857)	$ (7,649)	$ (33,778)	$ (7,460)
Denominator
Weighted average number of shares outstanding - basic (in shares)	53,926	37,425	45,546	37,197
Effect of dilutive securities
Weighted average number of shares outstanding - diluted (in shares)	53,926	37,425	45,546	37,197
Earnings per share - basic (in dollars per share)	$ (0.18)	$ (0.20)	$ (0.74)	$ (0.20)
Earnings per share - diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (0.18)	$ (0.20)	$ (0.74)	$ (0.20)
Weighted average antidilutive options, unvested restricted RSUs and RSAs, unvested PSUs and ESPP shares excluded from the computation (in shares)	3,823	3,163	2,533	1,315
Stock options
Effect of dilutive securities
Dilutive options outstanding, unvested stock units and unvested stock awards (in shares)	0	0	0	0
PSUs, RSUs, and restricted stock
Effect of dilutive securities
Dilutive options outstanding, unvested stock units and unvested stock awards (in shares)	0	0	0	0

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Equity - Schedule of Common Stock Reserved for Future Issuances (Details)	Jun. 30, 2023 shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Common stock reserved for future issuance (in shares)	6,940,108
Exercise of outstanding stock options
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Common stock reserved for future issuance (in shares)	9,981
RSUs and RSAs
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Common stock reserved for future issuance (in shares)	4,491,733
PSUs and PRSAs
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Common stock reserved for future issuance (in shares)	1,750,068
Unvested award potential, percentage	100.00%
Issuance of stock-based awards under the Equity Plans
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Common stock reserved for future issuance (in shares)	599,585
Purchases under the officer and director share purchase plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Common stock reserved for future issuance (in shares)	88,741

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Segment and Revenue Information - Schedule of Reportable Segment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 26,698	$ 23,675	$ 78,471	$ 98,561
Gross profit	3,500	3,898	10,270	28,712
R&D expense	5,171	4,513	16,319	13,675
Operating loss	(9,961)	(7,097)	(33,545)	(6,912)
Operating segments
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	26,698	23,675	78,471	98,561
Operating loss	(1,671)	(615)	(6,049)	15,037
Operating segments | Aerospace And Defense
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	27,001	13,416	73,879	32,322
Gross profit	7,163	1,551	16,786	4,468
R&D expense	4,448	3,834	14,050	12,037
Operating loss	2,715	(2,283)	2,736	(7,569)
Operating segments | Broadband
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	(303)	10,259	4,592	66,239
Gross profit	(3,663)	2,347	(6,516)	24,244
R&D expense	723	679	2,269	1,638
Operating loss	$ (4,386)	$ 1,668	$ (8,785)	$ 22,606

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Segment and Revenue Information - Schedule of Revenue by Major Product Category (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 26,698	$ 23,675	$ 78,471	$ 98,561
Inertial Navigation | Aerospace And Defense
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	26,718	9,891	70,947	25,651
Defense Optoelectronics | Aerospace And Defense
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	283	3,525	2,932	6,671
CATV Optical Transmitters and Components | Broadband
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	323	7,006	2,270	56,449
Data Center Chips | Broadband
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	(312)	1,353	885	3,534
Optical Sensing | Broadband
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ (314)	$ 1,900	$ 1,437	$ 6,256

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Segment and Revenue Information - Schedule of Revenue by Geographic Region (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Segment revenue	$ 26,698	$ 23,675	$ 78,471	$ 98,561
United States and Canada
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Segment revenue	21,377	19,043	60,600	86,751
Asia
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Segment revenue	1,856	1,684	4,235	6,498
Europe
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Segment revenue	1,657	2,243	8,592	3,999
Other
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Segment revenue	1,808	705	5,044	1,313
Trade revenue (recognized at a point in time)
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Segment revenue	19,667	18,207	58,763	91,056
Contract revenue (recognized over time)
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Segment revenue	$ 7,031	$ 5,468	$ 19,708	$ 7,505

XML

Segment and Revenue Information - Narrative (Details) - Sales Revenue, Segment - Customer Concentration Risk	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
One Significant Customer
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage	41.00%
Two Significant Customer
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage		37.00%	35.00%	54.00%