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Income Taxes
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
Income Taxes — Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded based on the difference between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities at the enacted tax rates. We review our deferred tax assets regularly for recoverability. At June 30, 2018 and 2017, and December 31, 2017, we determined that we did not need a valuation allowance on our gross deferred tax assets. Although realization of the deferred tax assets is not assured, management believes that it is more likely than not the deferred tax assets will be realized based on our expectation that we will be able to fully utilize the deductions that are ultimately recognized for tax purposes.
For deferred taxes on items that are reported in accumulated other comprehensive income, our policy is to release the income tax effects related to these items on an aggregate portfolio approach. For this purpose, we consider our available-for-sale fixed maturity securities and hedges on forecasted transactions as separate portfolios.
For the six months ended June 30, 2018, there have been no material changes in our uncertain tax positions.
The effective tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 were 20.3% and 20.1% respectively, compared to 32.8% and 32.9% for the same periods in 2017. The current year effective tax rate is lower primarily due to the reduction in the U.S. corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%, effective January 1, 2018.
As of June 30, 2018, we have not fully completed our accounting for the tax effects of the enactment of the legislation commonly known as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 with regard to the deductibility of compensation expense for certain covered executives due to uncertainty surrounding the appropriate tax treatment of outstanding performance-based awards, and uncertainty surrounding the discount factors to be applied for loss reserve discounting. We are waiting for the Internal Revenue Service to publish additional guidance or information for both items.