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Income Taxes
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2016
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
Income Taxes — At September 30, 2016 and 2015, and December 31, 2015, we determined that we did not need a valuation allowance on our gross deferred tax assets. Although realization of the deferred tax assets is not assured, management believes that it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will be realized based on our expectation that we will be able to fully utilize the deductions that are ultimately recognized for tax purposes.
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, the effective tax rate was 20.5% and 29.4%, respectively, compared to 33.2% and 32.0% for the same periods last year. The year-over-year decrease in the effective rate for both the three and nine month periods is primarily due to lower underwriting income in 2016, compared to 2015, and recognizing the ratable portion, or $25.8 million, of the total tax benefit for 2016 of $34.4 million earned through a renewable energy investment.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, there have been no material changes in our uncertain tax positions.