Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Nov. 30, 2020

Notes to Financial Statements

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents - Cash and cash equivalents consist of money market mutual funds, short term commercial paper and short-term certificates of deposit with original maturities of 90 days or less.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Concentration of Credit Risk – The Company had three customers, which accounted for 30% of sales during the three months ended November 30, 2020 and four customers which accounted for 30% of sales during the nine months ended November 30, 2020. Three customers accounted for 45% of the outstanding accounts receivables at November 30, 2020 and three customers accounted for 67% of the outstanding accounts receivable at February 29, 2020.

Financial instruments and related items, which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents. The Company places its cash and temporary cash investments with credit quality institutions. At times, such amounts may be in excess of FDIC insurance limits.

Consolidation

Consolidation - The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company, include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiary, Sono-Tek Industrial Park, LLC (“SIP”). SIP operates as a real estate holding company for the Company’s real estate operations. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

Earnings Per Share

Earnings Per Share - Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock.

Equipment, Furnishings and Leasehold Improvements

Equipment, Furnishings and Leasehold Improvements – Equipment, furnishings and leasehold improvements are stated at cost. Depreciation of equipment and furnishings is computed by use of the straight-line method based on the estimated useful lives of the assets, which range from three to five years.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair Value of Financial Instruments - The Company applies Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 820, Fair Value Measurement (“ASC 820”), which establishes a framework for measuring fair value and clarifies the definition of fair value within that framework. ASC 820 defines fair value as an exit price, which is the price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the Company’s principal or most advantageous market in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The fair value hierarchy established in ASC 820 generally requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. Observable inputs reflect the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability and are developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the reporting entity. Unobservable inputs reflect the entity’s own assumptions based on market data and the entity’s judgments about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability and are to be developed based on the best information available in the circumstances.

The carrying amounts of financial instruments reported in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for current assets and current liabilities approximate the fair value because of the immediate or short-term maturities of the financial instruments.

The valuation hierarchy is composed of three levels. The classification within the valuation hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The levels within the valuation hierarchy are described below:

Level 1 — Assets and liabilities with unadjusted, quoted prices listed on active market exchanges. Inputs to the fair value measurement are observable inputs, such as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 — Inputs to the fair value measurement are determined using prices for recently traded assets and liabilities with similar underlying terms, as well as direct or indirect observable inputs, such as interest rates and yield curves that are observable at commonly quoted intervals.

Level 3 — Inputs to the fair value measurement are unobservable inputs, such as estimates, assumptions, and valuation techniques when little or no market data exists for the assets or liabilities.

The fair values of financial assets of the Company were determined using the following categories at November 30, 2020 and February 29, 2020, respectively:

	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Marketable Securities – November 30, 2020	$	3,025,459	$	200,057	$	—	$	3,225,516
Marketable Securities – February 29, 2020	$	3,565,629		653,611	$	—	$	4,219,240

Marketable Securities include certificates of deposit and US Treasury securities, totaling $3,225,516 and $4,219,240 that are considered to be highly liquid and easily tradeable as of November 30, 2020 and February 29, 2020, respectively. US Treasury securities are valued using inputs observable in active markets for identical securities and are therefore classified as Level 1 and certificates of deposit are classified as Level 2 within the Company’s fair value hierarchy. The Company’s marketable securities are considered to be trading securities as defined under ASC 320 “Investments – Debt and Equity Securities.”

Grant Proceeds

Grant Proceeds – The Company was awarded a $100,000 Wired Innovations Center grant in June 2019 from the utility that provides its electricity service. Proceeds of the grant was conditioned upon the Company’s successful completion of certain energy efficiency related improvements. In addition, the grant was subject to certain other requirements and was provided on a reimbursement basis only. The Company expended approximately $580,000 related to these improvements during the fiscal year ended February 29, 2020. During the second quarter of fiscal 2021, the Company received the $100,000 grant in its entirety.

The Company has concluded that this grant is not within the scope of ASC 606, as it does not meet the definition of a contract with a “customer”. The Company has further concluded that Subtopic 958-605, Not-for-Profit-Entities-Revenue Recognition also does not apply, as the Company is a business entity and the grant is from a public utility. Grants and related receivables are recognized when there is reasonable assurance that the grant will be received, and all attaching conditions will be complied with. The Company has applied the grant proceeds against the cost of the capitalized improvements applicable to the grant, reducing the carrying value and the related depreciation expense going forward.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes - The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred income taxes are recognized for the tax consequences of "temporary differences" by applying enacted statutory tax rates applicable to future years to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the tax basis of existing assets and liabilities. If it is more likely than not that some portion or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized, a valuation allowance is recognized. We use a recognition threshold and a measurement attribute for financial statement recognition and measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a return. For those benefits to be recognized, a tax position must be more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities.

Intangible Assets

Intangible Assets - Include costs of patent applications which are deferred and charged to operations over seventeen years for domestic patents and twelve years for foreign patents. The accumulated amortization of patents is $179,244 and $171,210 at November 30, 2020 and February 29, 2020, respectively. Annual amortization expense of such intangible assets is expected to be approximately $11,000 per year for the next five years.

Inventories

Inventories - Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method for raw materials, subassemblies and work-in-progress and the specific identification method for finished goods.

Land and Buildings

Land and Buildings – Land and buildings are stated at cost. Buildings are being depreciated by use of the straight-line method based on an estimated useful life of forty years.

Long-Lived Assets

Long-Lived Assets - The Company periodically evaluates the carrying value of long-lived assets, including intangible assets, when events and circumstances warrant such a review. The carrying value of a long-lived asset is considered impaired when the anticipated undiscounted cash flow from such asset is separately identifiable and is less than its carrying value. In that event, a loss is recognized based on the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair market value of the long-lived asset. Fair market value is determined primarily using the anticipated cash flows discounted at a rate commensurate with the risk involved. No impairment losses were identified or recorded in the three or nine months ended November 30, 2020 and 2019 on the Company’s long lived assets.

Management Estimates

Management Estimates - The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

New Accounting Pronouncements

New Accounting Pronouncements – In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, “Income Taxes (Topic 740) - Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes.” The guidance issued in this update simplifies the accounting for income taxes by eliminating certain exceptions to the guidance in ASC 740 related to the approach for intra-period tax allocation, the methodology for calculating income taxes in an interim period and the recognition for deferred tax liabilities for outside basis differences. ASU 2019-12 also simplifies aspects of the accounting for franchise taxes and enacted changes in tax laws or rates and clarifies the accounting for transactions that result in a step-up in the tax basis of goodwill. The ASU will be effective for the Company on March 1, 2021, with early adoption permitted, and is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements.

Other than ASU 2019-12 discussed above, all new accounting pronouncements issued but not yet effective have been deemed to be not applicable to the Company. Hence, the adoption of these new accounting pronouncements, once effective, is not expected to have an impact on the Company.

Reclassifications

Reclassifications – Where appropriate, certain reclassifications have been made to the prior period to conform to the presentations of the current period.

Research and Product Development Expenses

Research and Product Development Expenses - Research and product development expenses represent engineering and other expenditures incurred for developing new products, for refining the Company's existing products and for developing systems to meet unique customer specifications for potential orders or for new industry applications and are expensed as incurred.

Shipping and Handling Costs

Shipping and Handling Costs – Shipping and handling costs are included in cost of sales in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-Based Compensation – The computation of the expense associated with stock-based compensation requires the use of a valuation model. ASC 718 is a complex accounting standard, the application of which requires significant judgment and the use of estimates, particularly surrounding Black-Scholes assumptions such as stock price volatility, expected option lives, and expected option forfeiture rates, to value equity-based compensation. The Company currently uses a Black-Scholes option pricing model to calculate the fair value of its stock options. The Company primarily uses historical data to determine the assumptions to be used in the Black-Scholes model and has no reason to believe that future data is likely to differ materially from historical data. However, changes in the assumptions to reflect future stock price volatility and future stock award exercise experience could result in a change in the assumptions used to value awards in the future and may result in a material change to the fair value calculation of stock-based awards. ASC 718 requires the recognition of the fair value of stock compensation in net income. Although every effort is made to ensure the accuracy of the company’s estimates and assumptions, significant unanticipated changes in those estimates, interpretations and assumptions may result in recording stock option expense that may materially impact the company’s financial statements for each respective reporting period.