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Intangible Assets, Net
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Intangible Assets, Net Intangible Assets, Net
Intangible assets consist of the following:
September 30, 2024December 31, 2023
(in thousands)Gross Carrying AmountAccumulated AmortizationNet Carrying AmountGross Carrying AmountAccumulated AmortizationNet Carrying Amount
Amortizable intangible assets:
Patents$5,691 $(1,009)$4,682 $4,905 $(820)$4,085 
License agreements— — — 1,101 (1,087)14 
Total amortizable intangible assets5,691 (1,009)4,682 6,006 (1,907)4,099 
Unamortized intangible assets:
Trademarks533 — 533 432 — 432 
Total intangible assets$6,224 $(1,009)$5,215 $6,438 $(1,907)$4,531 
Amortization expense is as follows:
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)2024202320242023
Amortization expense$65 $70 $202 $214 
As of September 30, 2024, future amortization of patents and license agreements is as follows:
Year Ending December 31,(in thousands)
2024 (excluding the nine months ended September 30, 2024)$68 
2025272 
2026272 
2027272 
2028272 
Thereafter3,526 
Total$4,682 
License Agreements
The Company had various license agreements that required the payment of royalty fees.
Royalty fee expense included in sales and marketing expense is as follows:
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)2024202320242023
Royalty fee expense (1)
$— $930 $— $2,628 
(1) Royalty fees are no longer being paid due to the expiration of the patents in 2023.