FORM OF RULE 12d1-4

FUNDOFFUNDSINVESTMENTAGREEMENT

THIS AGREEMENT, dated as of [___________], is made among each entity listed on Schedule A (as amended from time to time), severally and not jointly (each, an “Acquiring Fund”), and each Acquired Fund listed on Schedule A (as amended from time to time), severally and not jointly (each, an “Acquired Fund” and together with the Acquiring Funds, the “Funds”).

WHEREAS,eachFundisregisteredwiththeU.S.Securitiesand Exchange Commission(“SEC”)asaninvestmentcompanyundertheInvestmentCompanyActof1940,as amended(the“1940Act”);

WHEREAS, Section 12(d)(1)(A) of the 1940 Act limits the extent to which a registeredinvestment company may invest in shares of other registered investment companies, Section12(d)(1)(B)limits theextenttowhicharegisteredinvestment company,itsprincipalunderwriter (“Distributor”) or registered brokers or dealers (“Brokers”) may knowingly sell shares of such registered investmentcompany to other investment companies, and Section 12(d)(1)(C) limits the extent to which aninvestmentcompanymayinvestinthesharesofa registered closed-endinvestment company;

WHEREAS,Rule12d1-4underthe1940Act(the“Rule”)permits (i) registeredinvestment companies, such as the Acquiring Funds, to invest in shares of other registered investmentcompanies, such as the Acquired Funds, in excess of the limits of Section 12(d)(1)(A) and Section 12(d)(1)(C) of the 1940Act, and (ii) registered investment companies, such as the Acquired Funds, as well as the Distributor and Brokers, knowingly to sell shares of the Acquired Funds to the Acquiring Funds in excess of the limits of Section 12(d)(1)(B) of the 1940 Act,subjecttocompliancewiththeconditionsoftheRule;

WHEREAS,anAcquiringFundmay,from timetotime,investinsharesofoneormoreAcquiredFundsinexcessofthelimitationsofSection12(d)(1)(A) and Section 12(d)(1)(C), as applicable,inrelianceontheRule; and

WHEREAS, an Acquired Fund, Distributor, or Broker, from time to time, may knowingly sell shares of one or more Acquired Funds to an Acquiring Fund in excess of the limitations of Section 12(d)(1)(B) in reliance on the Rule;

NOW THEREFORE, in accordance with the Rule, each Acquiring Fund and eachAcquiredFunddesirestosetforththefollowingtermspursuanttowhichanAcquiringFund mayinvestinanAcquiredFund inrelianceontheRule and each Acquired Fund, Distributor, or Broker may sell shares of an Acquired Fund to an Acquiring Fund in reliance on the Rule.

1.Terms of Investment

(a)In ordertohelp reasonably addresstherisk ofundueinfluenceon anAcquiredFund that operates as a mutual fund (“Acquired Mutual Fund”) by an Acquiring Fund, and to assist the Acquired Mutual Fund’s investment adviser with making therequired findings under the Rule, each Acquiring Fund and each Acquired Mutual Fund agree asfollows:

(i)In-kindredemptions.TheAcquiring Fundacknowledgesand agreesthat,if and to the extent consistent with the Acquired Mutual Fund’s registration statement, asamended from time to time, the Acquired Mutual Fund in its sole discretion may honor any redemptionrequestpartiallyorwhollyin-kind. In the event that the Acquired Mutual Fund honors a redemption request partially or wholly in-kind, the Acquired Mutual Fund shall have sole discretion to determine the selection of its portfolio securities to distribute in-kind.

(ii)Timing/advance notice of redemptions.The Acquiring Fund will usereasonable efforts to spread large redemption requests (greater than % of theAcquired Mutual Fund’s total outstanding shares) over multiple days or to provideat least business days’ advance

notificationtotheAcquired Mutual Fundofredemptionrequests in excess of % of the Acquired Fund’s outstanding shares whenever practicableandconsistentwiththeAcquiringFund’sbestinterests. TheAcquired Mutual Fund acknowledges and agrees that any notification provided pursuant to theforegoing is not a commitment to redeem and constitutes an estimate that maydiffer materially from the amount, timing and manner in which a redemptionrequestissubmitted,ifany.

(iii)Scale of investment.Upon the reasonable request of an Acquired Mutual Fund, theAcquiring Fund will provide summary information regarding the anticipatedtimelineofitsinvestmentintheAcquired Mutual Fundandthescaleofitscontemplated investmentsintheAcquired Mutual Fund.

(b)With respect to investments in Acquired Funds that operate as exchange-traded funds (“Acquired ETFs”), the Funds note that each Acquired ETF is designed to accommodate large investments and redemptions, whether from Acquiring Funds or other investors. Creation and redemption orders for shares of the Acquired ETFs can only be submitted by Brokers or other participants of a registered clearing agency (collectively, “Authorized Participants”) that have entered into an agreement (“Authorized Participant Agreement”) with the Acquired ETFs’ Distributor to transact in shares of the Acquired ETFs. The Acquired ETFs also have policies and procedures (the “Basket Policies”) that have been adopted pursuant to Rule 6c-11 under the 1940 Act, which govern creations and redemptions of the Acquired ETFs’ shares. Any creation or redemption order submitted by an Acquiring Fund through an Authorized Participant will be satisfied pursuant to the Basket Policies and the relevant Authorized Participant Agreement. The Basket Policies include provisions that govern in-kind creations and redemptions, as well as cash transactions. In any event, the Funds generally expect that the Acquiring Funds will transact in shares in the Acquired ETFs on the secondary market rather than through direct creation and redemption transactions with the Acquired ETF. The Funds believe that these material terms regarding an Acquiring Fund’s investment in shares of an Acquired ETF should assist the Acquired ETF’s investment adviser with making the required findings under the Rule.

(c)With respect to investments in Acquired Funds that operate as closed-end funds (“Acquired CEFs”), the Funds note that Acquired CEFs do not permit daily redemptions and that Acquired CEFs that permit periodic repurchases, such as interval funds that operate under Rule 23c-3 under the 1940 Act or funds that conduct periodic tender offers pursuant to Rule 13e-4 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, would do so only under prescribed circumstances. Upon a reasonable request by an Acquired CEF, the Acquiring Fund will provide summary information regarding the anticipated timeline of its investment in the Acquired CEF and the scale of its contemplated investments in the Acquired CEF.

(d)In order to assist the Acquiring Fund’s investment adviser, principal underwriter or depositor, as applicable, with evaluating the complexity of the structure and fees and expenses associated with an investment in an Acquired Fund, the Acquired Fund shall provide the Acquiring Fund with information on the fees and expenses of the Acquired Fund reasonably requested by the Acquiring Fund in order to facilitate compliance with the Rule. In accordance with the foregoing and in recognition of each Acquired Fund’s obligations regarding disclosure of material nonpublic information under applicable laws, rules and regulations, including without limitation Regulation FD, the Funds agree that information on fees and expenses of an Acquired Fund shall be provided through delivery of or access to publicly available documents.

(e)An Acquiring Fund shall promptly provide an Acquired Fund with information regarding the amount of the Acquiring Fund’s investments in the Acquired Fund, and information regarding affiliates of the Acquiring Fund, upon the Acquired Fund’s request.

2.Representations of the Acquired Funds.

In connectionwithanyinvestmentbyanAcquiringFundinanAcquired Fundinexcess of the limitations in Section 12(d)(1)(A) or Section 12(d)(1)(C) or knowing sale of shares by an Acquired Fund, Distributor, or Broker to an Acquiring Fund in excess of the limitations in Section 12(d)(1)(B), the Acquired Fund agrees to: (i) comply with allconditions of the Rule, as interpreted or modified by the SEC or its Staff from time to time,applicable toAcquiredFunds;(ii)complywithitsobligationsunderthisAgreement;and (iii) promptly notifythe Acquiring Fund if such Acquired Fund fails to comply with the RulewithrespecttoaninvestmentbytheAcquiringFund,asinterpretedormodifiedbytheSECorits Stafffromtimetotime,or fails to comply with thisAgreement.

3.Representations of the Acquiring Funds.

(a)In connectionwithanyinvestmentbyanAcquiringFundinanAcquired Fundinexcess of the limitations in Section 12(d)(1)(A) or Section 12(d)(1)(C) or knowing sale of shares by an Acquired Fund, Distributor, or Broker to an Acquiring Fund in excess of the limitations in Section 12(d)(1)(B), the Acquiring Fund agrees to: (i) comply with allconditions of the Rule, as interpreted or modified by the SEC or its Staff from time to time,applicable to Acquiring Funds; (ii) comply with its obligations under this Agreement; and (iii)promptly notify the Acquired Fund if such Acquiring Fund fails to comply with the Rule withrespect to its investment in such Acquired Fund, as interpreted or modified by the SEC or itsStafffromtimetotime,or fails to comply withthisAgreement.

(b)Except as set forth on Schedule A, no Acquiring Fund holds outstanding voting securities of any Acquired Fund in excess of the limit in Section 12(d)(1)(A)(i). No Acquiring Fund will purchase or acquire shares of an Acquired Fund that would cause such Acquiring Fund to hold outstanding voting securities of such Acquired Fund in excess of the limit in Section 12(d)(1)(A)(i) without prior written approval from the Acquired Fund.

(c)An Acquiring Fund shall promptly notify an Acquired Fund:

(i)of any purchase or acquisition of shares of an Acquired Fund that causes the Acquiring Fund to hold 5% or more of the Acquired Fund’s total outstanding voting securities;

(ii)if at any time the Acquiring Fund and its “Advisory Group” (as defined in the Rule), individually or in the aggregate, hold more than 25% of the Acquired Fund’s total outstanding voting securities; and

(iii)if at any time the Acquiring Fund and, if applicable, its Advisory Group no longer holds voting securities of the Acquired Fund in excess of an amount noted in clause (i) or (ii) above.

(d)Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, if an Acquiring Fund has an “affiliated person” (as defined under the 1940 Act) that is: (i) a broker-dealer, (ii) a broker-dealer or bank that borrows as part of a securities lending program, or (iii) a futures commission merchant or a swap dealer, such Acquiring Fund: (a) will not make an investment in an Acquired Fund that causes such Acquiring Fund to hold 5% or more of the Acquired Fund’s total outstanding voting securities without prior approval from the Acquired Fund; and (b) will notify the Acquired Fund if, notwithstanding compliance with clause (a) at the time of investment, the Acquired Fund subsequently holds 5% or more of the Acquired Fund’s total outstanding voting securities.

(e)With respect to any investment by an Acquiring Fund in an Acquired CEF, the Acquiring Fund agrees as follows:

(i)the Acquiring Fund and its Advisory Group will not control (individually or in the aggregate) any Acquired Fund;

(ii)the Acquiring Fund shall not purchase or otherwise acquire securities issued by any Acquired Fund in excess of the limit in Section 12(d)(1)(A)(i) of the 1940 Act (i.e., three percent (3%) of the total outstanding voting shares of the Acquired Fund);

(iii)the Acquiring Fund, together with all affiliated persons of the Acquiring Fund (including, for the avoidance of doubt, any private funds and managed accounts), in the aggregate, will not purchase or otherwise acquire more than ten percent (10%) of the outstanding voting securities of any Acquired Fund; if such 10% ownership limit is exceeded in any Acquired Fund, the Acquiring Fund will notify the applicable Acquired Fund immediately, will not purchase any additional securities of the Acquired Fund and will cause such ownership to comply with the 10% limit within six (6) months or such shorter time as may be required by law;

(iv)during the term of this Agreement, the Acquiring Fund agrees to appear at all Acquired Fund shareholder meetings or otherwise cause Acquired Fund shares owned by the Acquiring Fund to be counted as present thereat for purposes of calculating a quorum;

(v)(A) except as provided in paragraph (B) below, or otherwise required by applicable law or rules thereunder, the Acquiring Fund will vote all Acquired Fund securities held by the Acquiring Fund in the same proportion as the vote of all other holders of such securities (“echo voting”);

(B) if requested in writing by the Acquired Fund at least 30 days prior to the date on which Acquired Fund shareholders are to vote on any matter, the Acquiring Fund will consider, to the extent permitted, voting in its own discretion (rather than echo voting) in accordance with the best interest of its unitholders or shareholders; and

(vi) during the term of this Agreement, the Acquiring Fund will not effect, seek, offer, engage in, propose (whether publicly or otherwise), cause or participate in, or assist any other person to effect, seek, offer, engage in, propose (whether publicly or otherwise), cause or participate in, any “solicitation” of “proxies” (as defined in Rule 14a-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) with respect to any Acquired Fund or propose any matter for submission to a vote of shareholders of any Acquired Fund. Additionally, the Acquiring Fund will not knowingly sell shares of any Acquired Fund to any investor which the Acquiring Fund knows or reasonably should know to be engaged in acquiring or holding the securities of publicly traded companies with a purpose or effect of changing or influencing control of such companies, or in connection with or as a participant in any transactions having that purpose or effect.

4.Notices.

All notices, including all information that either party is required to provide under thetermsofthisAgreementandtheRule,shallbeinwritingandshallbedeliveredbyregisteredorovernightmail,facsimile,orelectronicmailtotheaddressforeachparty specifiedbelow.

IftotheAcquiring Fund:	IftotheAcquiredFund:
[Name]	[Name]
c/o[Company][Address]	c/o[Company][Address]
[City, State, Zip]	[City, State, Zip]
Fax:	Fax:
Email:	Email:
Withacopyto:[Name]	Withacopyto:[Name]
Attn:LegalDept.[Address]	Attn:LegalDept.[Address]
[City, State, Zip]	[City, State, Zip]
Fax:	Fax:

Email: Email:

5.TermandTermination

(a)This Agreement shall be effective for the duration of the Acquired Funds’ and theAcquiring Funds’ reliance on the Rule, as interpreted or modified by the SEC or its Staff fromtimetotime.While thetermsoftheAgreementshallonlybeapplicable toinvestmentsinFundsmade in reliance on the Rule, as interpreted or modified by the SEC or its Staff from time totime,theAgreementshallcontinueineffectuntilterminatedpursuanttoSection 5(b).

(b)This Agreement shall continue until terminated in writing (i) by either party upon 60 days’ notice to the other party or (ii) by a non-breaching party immediately if the other party is in material breach of this Agreement. Upon termination of this Agreement, an Acquiring Fund may not purchase additional shares of an Acquired Fund beyond the Section 12(d)(1)(A) or Section 12(d)(1)(C) limits in reliance on the Rule. In addition, the Acquired Fund shall have the right to require the Acquiring Fund to sell or otherwise dispose of any shares of the Acquired Fund that the Acquiring Fund purchased or otherwise acquired in violation of the Rule or in breach of this Agreement.

(c)If this Agreement is terminated pursuant to Section 5(b) hereof with respect to an Acquiring Fund and corresponding Acquired Fund, the provisions set forth in Sections 3(e)(iv) and (v) shall survive and be a continuing obligation of such Acquiring Fund so long as the Acquiring Fund holds voting securities of the applicable Acquired Fund.

6.Assignment, Amendment; Miscellaneous

(a)This Agreement may not be “assigned” (as defined in the 1940 Act) by either party without the prior written consent of the other.

(b)ThisAgreementmaybeamended, including the addition of Acquiring Funds and Acquired Funds to Schedule A,only byawritingthatissignedbyeachaffected party.

(c)In any action involving the Acquiring Funds under this Agreement, each AcquiredFundagrees tolooksolelytotheindividualAcquiringFundthat isinvolvedinthe matter incontroversyfor satisfaction, and not to any other series of the trust or corporation of which any such Acquiring Fund is a series, if applicable, or to the Acquiring Funds’ directors, trustees, officers, employees or shareholders, or any of them, or any of their personal assets for such satisfaction.

(d)In any action involving the Acquired Funds under this Agreement, each AcquiringFundagreestolooksolelytotheindividualAcquiredFund that isinvolvedinthematter incontroversyfor satisfaction, and not to any other series of the trust or corporation of which any such Acquired Fund is a series, if applicable, or to the Acquired Funds’ directors, trustees, officers, employees or shareholders, or any of them, or any of their personal assets for such satisfaction.

(e)In no event and under no circumstances will any party to this Agreement be liable to any person, including without limitation any other party to this Agreement, for any special, indirect or consequential loss or damages resulting from any act or failure to act in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement, even if such party had been advised of the possibility of such losses or damages.

(f)The Acquiring Funds and Acquired Funds may file a copy of this Agreement with the SEC or any other regulatory body if required by applicable law.

(g)For any Acquired Fund that is a Massachusetts business trust or a series of a Massachusetts business trust, a copy of the Declaration of Trust of such Acquired Fund or trust is on file with the Secretary of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Notice is hereby given that no trustee, officer, employee, agent or shareholder of an Acquired Fund shall have any personal liability under this Agreement and that this Agreement is binding only upon the assets and property of the applicable Acquired Fund.

(h)This Agreement will be governed by the laws of the State of Delaware without regard to its choice of law principles.

[Signature page to follow]

INWITNESS WHEREOF,thepartieshaveexecutedthis Agreementasofthedatefirstwrittenabove.

[AcquiredFunds]

By:

Name:

Title:

[AcquiringFund]

By:

Name:

Title:

SCHEDULEA

ListofFunds toWhichthe AgreementApplies

Acquiring Funds

AcquiredFunds