
	December 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Retail Finance Receivables
Retail finance receivables(a)	$	76,066	$	72,729
Less: allowance for loan losses	(2,400)		(2,308)
Total retail finance receivables, net	73,667		70,421
Commercial Finance Receivables
Commercial finance receivables(a)(b)	19,901		14,251
Less: allowance for loan losses	(58)		(36)
Total commercial finance receivables, net	19,843		14,216
Total finance receivables, net	$	93,510	$	84,637
Fair value utilizing Level 2 inputs	$	19,843	$	14,216
Fair value utilizing Level 3 inputs	$	74,729	$	70,911

(b)Includes dealer financing of $18.9 billion and $13.4 billion, and other financing of $999 million and $830 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023. Commercial finance receivables are presented net of dealer cash management balances of $3.4 billion and $2.6 billion at December 31, 2024 and 2023.


	Years Ended December 31,
	2024		2023		2022
Allowance for retail loan losses beginning balance	$	2,308	$	2,062	$	1,839
Provision for loan losses	1,005		826		668
Charge-offs	(1,754)		(1,423)		(1,138)
Recoveries	901		767		685
Foreign currency translation and other	(61)		76		9
Allowance for retail loan losses ending balance	$	2,400	$	2,308	$	2,062

Retail Credit Quality Our retail finance receivables portfolio includes loans made to consumers and businesses to finance the purchase of vehicles for personal and commercial use. The following tables are consolidated summaries of the amortized cost of the retail finance receivables by FICO score or its equivalent, determined at origination, for each vintage of the portfolio at December 31, 2024 and 2023:


	Year of Origination												December 31, 2024
	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior			Total		Percent
Prime - FICO Score 680 and greater	$	24,155	$	15,814	$	9,749	$	5,424	$	2,559	$	366		$	58,067	76.3	%
Near-prime - FICO Score 620 to 679	3,547		2,227		1,507		1,077		473		159			8,990		11.8
Sub-prime - FICO Score less than 620	3,399		2,059		1,546		1,141		543		322			9,008		11.8
Retail finance receivables	$	31,101	$	20,100	$	12,802	$	7,642	$	3,575	$	847		$	76,066	100.0	%


	Year of Origination												December 31, 2023
	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior		Total		Percent
Prime - FICO Score 680 and greater	$	23,940	$	15,581	$	9,039	$	4,926	$	1,076	$	320	$	54,882	75.5	%
Near-prime - FICO Score 620 to 679	3,234		2,281		1,746		906		350		129		8,647		11.9
Sub-prime - FICO Score less than 620	3,079		2,397		1,884		1,010		573		257		9,200		12.6
Retail finance receivables	$	30,253	$	20,259	$	12,670	$	6,842	$	2,000	$	707	$	72,729	100.0	%

We review the ongoing credit quality of our retail finance receivables based on customer payment activity. A retail account is considered delinquent if a substantial portion of a scheduled payment has not been received by the date the payment was contractually due. Retail finance receivables are collateralized by vehicle titles, and, subject to local laws, we generally have the right to repossess the vehicle in the event the customer defaults on the payment terms of the contract. The following tables are consolidated summaries of the amortized cost of retail finance receivables by delinquency status for each vintage of the portfolio at December 31, 2024 and 2023. The tables also present gross charge-offs by vintage for 2024 and 2023:


	Year of Origination												December 31, 2024
	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior		Total		Percent
0 - 30 days	$	30,581	$	19,411	$	12,207	$	7,178	$	3,350	$	710	$	73,438	96.5	%

31 - 60 days	374		481		425		340		166		99		1,885		2.5
Greater than 60 days	128		188		155		115		55		36		677		0.9
Finance receivables more than 30 days delinquent	502		669		580		455		221		135		2,562		3.4
In repossession	17		19		14		10		3		2		66		0.1
Finance receivables more than 30 days delinquent or in repossession	519		689		595		464		225		136		2,628		3.5
Retail finance receivables	$	31,101	$	20,100	$	12,802	$	7,642	$	3,575	$	847	$	76,066	100.0	%
Gross charge-offs	$	171	$	556	$	495	$	305	$	126	$	102	$	1,754


	Year of Origination												December 31, 2023
	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior		Total		Percent
0 - 30 days	$	29,816	$	19,602	$	12,098	$	6,533	$	1,825	$	599	$	70,472	96.9	%

31 - 60 days	318		470		415		227		130		78		1,637		2.3
Greater than 60 days	102		168		142		76		42		29		559		0.8
Finance receivables more than 30 days delinquent	421		637		557		302		172		107		2,196		3.0
In repossession	17		20		14		6		3		1		61		0.1
Finance receivables more than 30 days delinquent or in repossession	437		657		572		308		175		108		2,257		3.1
Retail finance receivables	$	30,253	$	20,259	$	12,670	$	6,842	$	2,000	$	707	$	72,729	100.0	%
Gross charge-offs	$	143	$	494	$	399	$	192	$	108	$	87	$	1,423

The accrual of finance charge income had been suspended on retail finance receivables with contractual amounts due of $958 million and $809 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Loan Modifications The amortized costs at December 31, 2024 and 2023 of the loans modified during 2024 and 2023 were insignificant. The unpaid principal balances, net of recoveries, of loans charged off during the reporting period that were modified within 12 months preceding default were insignificant for 2024 and 2023. Refer to Note 1 for additional information.

Commercial Credit Quality Our commercial finance receivables consist of dealer financing, primarily for dealer inventory purchases, and other financing, which includes loans to commercial vehicle upfitters, as well as advances to certain GM subsidiaries.

For our dealer financing, we use proprietary models to assign a risk rating to each dealer and perform periodic credit reviews of each dealership. We adjust the dealership's risk rating, if necessary. There is limited credit risk associated with other financing due to the structure of the business relationships.


Dealer Risk Rating						Description
I						Performing accounts with strong to acceptable financial metrics with at least satisfactory capacity to meet financial commitments.
II						Performing accounts experiencing potential weakness in financial metrics and repayment prospects resulting in increased monitoring.
III						Non-Performing accounts with inadequate paying capacity for current obligations and that have the distinct possibility of creating a loss if deficiencies are not corrected.
IV						Non-Performing accounts with inadequate paying capacity for current obligations and inherent weaknesses that make collection or liquidation in full highly questionable or improbable.

Dealers with III and IV risk ratings are subject to additional monitoring and restrictions on funding, including suspension of lines of credit and liquidation of assets. The following tables summarize the dealer credit risk profile by dealer risk rating at December 31, 2024 and 2023:


	Year of Origination														December 31, 2024
Dealer Risk Rating	Revolving		2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior		Total		Percent
I	$	16,429	$	350	$	211	$	360	$	237	$	267	$	32	$	17,885	94.6	%
II	621		—		10		26		3		2		—		663		3.5
III	305		10		4		—		22		—		12		354		1.9
IV	1		—		—		—		—		—		—		1		0.0
Balance at end of period	$	17,356	$	360	$	225	$	385	$	263	$	269	$	44	$	18,902	100.0	%


	Year of Origination														December 31, 2023
Dealer Risk Rating	Revolving		2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior		Total		Percent
I	$	11,638	$	295	$	417	$	297	$	301	$	85	$	11	$	13,043	97.2	%
II	182		—		2		2		—		—		—		187		1.4
III	152		1		15		12		—		11		—		192		1.4
IV	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Balance at end of period	$	11,971	$	296	$	435	$	311	$	301	$	96	$	11	$	13,422	100.0	%

Floorplan advances comprise 99.5% and 99.7% of the total revolving balances at December 31, 2024 and 2023. Dealer term loans are presented by year of origination.

At December 31, 2024 and 2023, substantially all of our commercial finance receivables were current with respect to payment status, and activity in the allowance for commercial loan losses was insignificant for 2024, 2023 and 2022. There were no commercial finance receivables on nonaccrual status at December 31, 2024 and 2023.