
	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Retail finance receivables
Retail finance receivables, net of fees(a)	$	72,729	$	65,322
Less: allowance for loan losses	(2,308)		(2,062)
Total retail finance receivables, net	70,421		63,260
Commercial finance receivables
Commercial finance receivables, net of fees(a)(b)(c)	14,251		11,288
Less: allowance for loan losses	(36)		(34)
Total commercial finance receivables, net	14,216		11,254
Total finance receivables, net	$	84,637	$	74,514
Fair value utilizing Level 2 inputs	$	14,216	$	11,254
Fair value utilizing Level 3 inputs	$	70,911	$	62,150

(c)Includes dealer financing of $13.4 billion and $10.8 billion, and other financing of $830 million and $476 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022.


	Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Allowance for retail loan losses beginning balance	$	2,062	$	1,839	$	1,915
Provision for loan losses	826		668		267
Charge-offs	(1,423)		(1,138)		(897)
Recoveries	767		685		571
Foreign currency translation and other	76		9		(17)
Allowance for retail loan losses ending balance	$	2,308	$	2,062	$	1,839

Retail Credit Quality Our retail finance receivables portfolio includes loans made to consumers and businesses to finance the purchase of vehicles for personal and commercial use. The following tables are consolidated summaries of the amortized cost of the retail finance receivables by FICO score or its equivalent, determined at origination, for each vintage of the portfolio at December 31, 2023 and 2022:


	Year of Origination												December 31, 2023
	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior			Total		Percent
Prime - FICO Score 680 and greater	$	23,940	$	15,581	$	9,039	$	4,926	$	1,076	$	320		$	54,882	75.5	%
Near-prime - FICO Score 620 to 679	3,234		2,281		1,746		906		350		129			8,647		11.9
Sub-prime - FICO Score less than 620	3,079		2,397		1,884		1,010		573		257			9,200		12.6
Retail finance receivables, net of fees	$	30,253	$	20,259	$	12,670	$	6,842	$	2,000	$	707		$	72,729	100.0	%


	Year of Origination												December 31, 2022
	2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		Prior		Total		Percent
Prime - FICO Score 680 and greater	$	22,677	$	13,399	$	7,991	$	2,254	$	1,019	$	205	$	47,543	72.8	%
Near-prime - FICO Score 620 to 679	3,202		2,601		1,487		688		310		104		8,392		12.8
Sub-prime - FICO Score less than 620	3,211		2,746		1,604		1,051		496		280		9,388		14.4
Retail finance receivables, net of fees	$	29,090	$	18,745	$	11,081	$	3,992	$	1,824	$	589	$	65,322	100.0	%

We review the ongoing credit quality of our retail finance receivables based on customer payment activity. A retail account is considered delinquent if a substantial portion of a scheduled payment has not been received by the date the payment was contractually due. Retail finance receivables are collateralized by vehicle titles, and, subject to local laws, we generally have the right to repossess the vehicle in the event the customer defaults on the payment terms of the contract. The following tables are consolidated summaries of the amortized cost of retail finance receivables by delinquency status, for each vintage of the portfolio at December 31, 2023 and 2022. The first table also presents our charge-offs for 2023 by vintage:


	Year of Origination												December 31, 2023
	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior		Total		Percent
0 - 30 days	$	29,816	$	19,602	$	12,098	$	6,533	$	1,825	$	599	$	70,472	96.9	%

31 - 60 days	318		470		415		227		130		78		1,637		2.3
Greater than 60 days	102		168		142		76		42		29		559		0.8
Finance receivables more than 30 days delinquent	421		637		557		302		172		107		2,196		3.0
In repossession	17		20		14		6		3		1		61		0.1
Finance receivables more than 30 days delinquent or in repossession	437		657		572		308		175		108		2,257		3.1
Retail finance receivables, net of fees	$	30,253	$	20,259	$	12,670	$	6,842	$	2,000	$	707	$	72,729	100.0	%
Charge-offs	$	143	$	494	$	399	$	192	$	108	$	87	$	1,423


	Year of Origination												December 31, 2022
	2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		Prior		Total		Percent
0 - 30 days	$	28,676	$	18,128	$	10,702	$	3,743	$	1,685	$	493	$	63,426	97.1	%

31 - 60 days	310		452		275		184		103		69		1,393		2.1
Greater than 60 days	93		150		98		62		35		26		465		0.7
Finance receivables more than 30 days delinquent	403		603		373		246		138		95		1,857		2.8
In repossession	11		14		6		4		2		1		39		0.1
Finance receivables more than 30 days delinquent or in repossession	414		617		380		249		140		96		1,896		2.9
Retail finance receivables, net of fees	$	29,090	$	18,745	$	11,081	$	3,992	$	1,824	$	589	$	65,322	100.0	%

The accrual of finance charge income had been suspended on retail finance receivables with contractual amounts due of $809 million and $685 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Loan Modifications The amortized cost at December 31, 2023 of the loans modified during 2023 was insignificant. The unpaid principal balances, net of recoveries, of loans charged off during the reporting period that were modified within 12 months preceding default were insignificant for 2023. Refer to Note 1 for additional information.

Commercial Credit Quality Our commercial finance receivables consist of dealer financing, primarily for dealer inventory purchases, and other financing, which includes loans to commercial vehicle upfitters, as well as advances to certain GM subsidiaries.

For our dealer financing, we use proprietary models to assign a risk rating to each dealer and perform periodic credit reviews of each dealership. We adjust the dealership's risk rating, if necessary. There is limited credit risk associated with other financing due to the structure of the business relationships.


Dealer Risk Rating						Description
I						Performing accounts with strong to acceptable financial metrics with at least satisfactory capacity to meet financial commitments.
II						Performing accounts experiencing potential weakness in financial metrics and repayment prospects resulting in increased monitoring.
III						Non-Performing accounts with inadequate paying capacity for current obligations and that have the distinct possibility of creating a loss if deficiencies are not corrected.
IV						Non-Performing accounts with inadequate paying capacity for current obligations and inherent weaknesses that make collection or liquidation in full highly questionable or improbable.

Dealers with III and IV risk ratings are subject to additional monitoring and restrictions on funding, including suspension of lines of credit and liquidation of assets. The following tables summarize the dealer credit risk profile by dealer risk rating at December 31, 2023 and 2022:


	Year of Origination														December 31, 2023
Dealer Risk Rating	Revolving		2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior		Total		Percent
I	$	11,638	$	295	$	417	$	297	$	301	$	85	$	11	$	13,043	97.2	%
II	182		—		2		2		—		—		—		187		1.4
III	152		1		15		12		—		11		—		192		1.4
IV	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Balance at end of period	$	11,971	$	296	$	435	$	311	$	301	$	96	$	11	$	13,422	100.0	%


	Year of Origination														December 31, 2022
Dealer Risk Rating	Revolving		2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		Prior		Total		Percent
I	$	9,261	$	452	$	361	$	372	$	102	$	45	$	24	$	10,618	98.2	%
II	89		—		1		—		—		—		—		91		0.8
III	78		15		—		—		10		—		—		104		1.0
IV	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Balance at end of period	$	9,428	$	468	$	363	$	372	$	112	$	45	$	25	$	10,812	100.0	%

Floorplan advances comprise 99.7% and 99.0% of the total revolving balances at December 31, 2023 and 2022. Dealer term loans are presented by year of origination.

At December 31, 2023 and 2022, substantially all of our commercial finance receivables were current with respect to payment status, and activity in the allowance for commercial loan losses was insignificant for 2023, 2022 and 2021. There were no commercial finance receivables on nonaccrual status at December 31, 2023 and 2022.