
	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Retail finance receivables
Retail finance receivables, net of fees(a)	$	65,322	$	58,093
Less: allowance for loan losses	(2,062)		(1,839)
Total retail finance receivables, net	63,260		56,254
Commercial finance receivables
Commercial finance receivables, net of fees(b)	11,288		6,772
Less: allowance for loan losses	(34)		(47)
Total commercial finance receivables, net	11,254		6,725
Total finance receivables, net	$	74,514	$	62,979
Fair value utilizing Level 2 inputs	$	11,254	$	6,725
Fair value utilizing Level 3 inputs	$	62,150	$	57,613


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Allowance for retail loan losses beginning balance	$	1,839	$	1,915	$	866
Impact of adopting ASU 2016-13 (Note 1)	—		—		801
Provision for loan losses	668		267		880
Charge-offs	(1,138)		(897)		(1,149)
Recoveries	685		571		537
Foreign currency translation	9		(17)		(20)
Allowance for retail loan losses ending balance	$	2,062	$	1,839	$	1,915

Retail Credit Quality Our retail finance receivables portfolio includes loans made to consumers and businesses to finance the purchase of vehicles for personal and commercial use. The following tables are consolidated summaries of the amortized cost of the retail finance receivables by FICO score or its equivalent, determined at origination, for each vintage of the portfolio at December 31, 2022 and 2021:


	Year of Origination												December 31, 2022
	2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		Prior			Total		Percent
Prime - FICO Score 680 and greater	$	22,677	$	13,399	$	7,991	$	2,254	$	1,019	$	205		$	47,543	72.8	%
Near-prime - FICO Score 620 to 679	3,202		2,601		1,487		688		310		104			8,392		12.8
Sub-prime - FICO Score less than 620	3,211		2,746		1,604		1,051		496		280			9,388		14.4
Retail finance receivables, net of fees	$	29,090	$	18,745	$	11,081	$	3,992	$	1,824	$	589		$	65,322	100.0	%


	Year of Origination												December 31, 2021
	2021		2020		2019		2018		2017		Prior		Total		Percent
Prime - FICO Score 680 and greater	$	19,729	$	12,408	$	4,078	$	2,298	$	763	$	143	$	39,419	67.9	%
Near-prime - FICO Score 620 to 679	3,856		2,388		1,229		648		274		84		8,479		14.6
Sub-prime - FICO Score less than 620	4,053		2,528		1,777		972		570		295		10,195		17.5
Retail finance receivables, net of fees	$	27,638	$	17,324	$	7,084	$	3,918	$	1,607	$	522	$	58,093	100.0	%

We review the ongoing credit quality of our retail finance receivables based on customer payment activity. A retail account is considered delinquent if a substantial portion of a scheduled payment has not been received by the date the payment was contractually due. Retail finance receivables are collateralized by vehicle titles and, subject to local laws, we generally have the right to repossess the vehicle in the event the customer defaults on the payment terms of the contract. The following tables are consolidated summaries of the delinquency status of the outstanding amortized cost of retail finance receivables for each vintage of the portfolio at December 31, 2022 and 2021:


	Year of Origination												December 31, 2022
	2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		Prior		Total		Percent
0 - 30 days	$	28,676	$	18,128	$	10,702	$	3,743	$	1,685	$	493	$	63,426	97.1	%

31 - 60 days	310		452		275		184		103		69		1,393		2.1
Greater than 60 days	93		150		98		62		35		26		465		0.7
Finance receivables more than 30 days delinquent	403		603		373		246		138		95		1,857		2.8
In repossession	11		14		6		4		2		1		39		0.1
Finance receivables more than 30 days delinquent or in repossession	414		617		380		249		140		96		1,896		2.9
Retail finance receivables, net of fees	$	29,090	$	18,745	$	11,081	$	3,992	$	1,824	$	589	$	65,322	100.0	%


	Year of Origination												December 31, 2021
	2021		2020		2019		2018		2017		Prior		Total		Percent
0 - 30 days	$	27,270	$	16,945	$	6,772	$	3,721	$	1,478	$	440	$	56,626	97.5	%

31 - 60 days	273		276		230		147		97		60		1,083		1.8
Greater than 60 days	83		93		76		46		30		21		349		0.6
Finance receivables more than 30 days delinquent	356		369		306		193		127		81		1,432		2.4
In repossession	12		10		6		4		2		1		35		0.1
Finance receivables more than 30 days delinquent or in repossession	368		379		312		197		129		82		1,467		2.5
Retail finance receivables, net of fees	$	27,638	$	17,324	$	7,084	$	3,918	$	1,607	$	522	$	58,093	100.0	%

The accrual of finance charge income had been suspended on retail finance receivables with contractual amounts due of $685 million and $602 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021.

Impaired Retail Finance Receivables - TDRs The outstanding amortized cost of retail finance receivables that are considered TDRs were $2.1 billion and $1.9 billion at December 31, 2022 and 2021, including nonaccrual loans of $241 million and $219 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021. For definition and additional information on TDRs, refer to Note 1. Additional TDR activity is presented below:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Number of loans classified as TDRs during the period	58,523		46,158		57,524
Outstanding amortized cost of loans classified as TDRs during the period	$	1,230	$	920	$	1,057

The unpaid principal balances, net of recoveries, of loans charged off during the reporting period and were within 12 months of being modified as a TDR were $25 million, $17 million, and $28 million for 2022, 2021 and 2020.

Commercial Credit Quality Our commercial finance receivables consist of dealer financings, primarily for dealer inventory purchases. Proprietary models are used to assign a risk rating to each dealer. We perform periodic credit reviews of each dealership and adjust the dealership's risk rating, if necessary.


Dealer Risk Rating						Description
I						Performing accounts with strong to acceptable financial metrics with at least satisfactory capacity to meet financial commitments.
II						Performing accounts experiencing potential weakness in financial metrics and repayment prospects resulting in increased monitoring.
III						Non-Performing accounts with inadequate paying capacity for current obligations and that have the distinct possibility of creating a loss if deficiencies are not corrected.
IV						Non-Performing accounts with inadequate paying capacity for current obligations and inherent weaknesses that make collection or liquidation in full highly questionable or improbable.

Dealers with III and IV risk ratings are subject to additional monitoring and restrictions on funding, including suspension of lines of credit and liquidation of assets. The following tables summarize the credit risk profile by dealer risk rating of commercial finance receivables at December 31, 2022 and 2021:


	Year of Origination														December 31, 2022
Dealer Risk Rating	Revolving		2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		Prior		Total		Percent
I	$	9,624	$	566	$	361	$	372	$	102	$	45	$	24	$	11,094	98.3	%
II	89		—		1		—		—		—		—		91		0.8
III	78		15		—		—		10		—		—		104		0.9
IV	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Balance at end of period	$	9,791	$	581	$	363	$	372	$	112	$	45	$	25	$	11,288	100.0	%


	Year of Origination														December 31, 2021
Dealer Risk Rating	Revolving		2021		2020		2019		2018		2017		Prior		Total		Percent
I	$	5,296	$	433	$	426	$	131	$	57	$	50	$	10	$	6,403	94.6	%
II	213		5		16		12		1		10		—		257		3.8
III	81		8		15		2		—		2		4		112		1.6
IV	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Balance at end of period	$	5,590	$	446	$	457	$	145	$	58	$	62	$	14	$	6,772	100.0	%

Floorplan advances comprise 97% and 94% of the total revolving balances at December 31, 2022 and 2021. Dealer term loans are presented by year of origination.

At December 31, 2022 and 2021, substantially all of our commercial finance receivables were current with respect to payment status, and activity in the allowance for commercial loan losses was insignificant for 2022, 2021 and 2020. There were no commercial finance receivables on nonaccrual status and none were classified as TDRs at December 31, 2022 and 2021.