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Income Taxes
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
Income Taxes
For interim income tax reporting we estimate our annual effective tax rate and apply it to our year-to-date ordinary income. Tax jurisdictions with a projected or year-to-date loss for which a tax benefit cannot be realized are excluded from the annualized effective tax rate. The tax effects of unusual or infrequently occurring items, including changes in judgment about valuation allowances and effects of changes in tax laws or rates, are reported in the interim period in which they occur.
During the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, income tax expense of $58 million and $61 million primarily resulted from tax expense attributable to entities included in our effective tax rate calculation. The decrease in tax expense is due primarily to an increase in U.S. tax credits.
We are included in GM’s consolidated U.S. federal income tax return and for certain states’ income tax returns. Net operating losses and certain tax credits generated by us have been utilized by GM; however, income tax expense and deferred tax balances are presented in these financial statements as if we filed our own tax returns in each jurisdiction.