10-K

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-K

(Mark One)                                   

☑ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018

or

☐TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number 000-22405

Information Analysis Incorporated

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Virginia	54-1167364
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

11240 Waples Mill Road

Suite 201

Fairfax, Virginia 22030

(Address of principal executive offices)

(703) 383-3000

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share

(Title of class)

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☑

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☑

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).Yes ☑No ☐

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company, or emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐	Accelerated filer  ☐
Non-accelerated filer ☐  (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)	Smaller reporting company ☑
	Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☑ 

The aggregate market value of the 7,146,068 shares of common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant based on the closing price of the registrant’s common stock on June 30, 2018, was approximately $2,572,584. For purposes of this computation, all officers, directors and 10% beneficial owners of the registrant are deemed to be affiliates. Such determination should not be deemed to be an admission that such officers, directors or 10% beneficial owners are, in fact, affiliates of the registrant.

As of March 29, 2019, there were 11,201,760 outstanding shares of the registrant’s common stock.

Documents Incorporated by Reference

Portions of the registrant’s definitive proxy statement for the 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, to be filed within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Form 10-K, are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I
	Item 1. Business	1
	Item 1A. Risk Factors	6
	Item 2. Properties	9
	Item 3. Legal Proceedings	9
	Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures	9
PART II
	Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	10
	Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	11
	Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data	15
	Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosures	34
	Item 9A. Controls and Procedures	34
	Item 9B. Other Information	34
PART III
	Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance	35
	Item 11. Executive Compensation	35
	Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters	35
	Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence	35
	Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services	35
PART IV
	Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules	36
SIGNATURES		37
EXHIBIT INDEX		38

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Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements regarding our business, customer prospects, or other factors that may affect future earnings or financial results that are subject to the safe harbor created by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such statements involve risks and uncertainties which could cause actual results to vary materially from those expressed in the forward-looking statements. Investors should read and understand the risk factors detailed here in our Form 10-K and in other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). These risks include, among others, the following:

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changes in the way the U.S. federal government contracts with businesses and changes in its budgetary priorities;

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terms specific to U.S. federal government contracts;

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our failure to keep pace with a changing technological environment;

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intense competition from other companies;

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inaccuracy in our estimates of the cost of services and the timeline for completion of contracts;

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non-performance by our subcontractors and suppliers; and

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fluctuations in our results of operations and its impact on our stock price.

In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terms such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “would,” “expect,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “projects,” “predicts,” “intends,” “potential” and similar expressions intended to identify forward-looking statements. These statements reflect our current views with respect to future events and are based on assumptions and subject to risks and uncertainties. Given these uncertainties, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. We discuss many of these risks in greater detail under the heading “Risk Factors” in Item 1A. Also, these forward-looking statements represent our estimates and assumptions only as of the date of this report. Except as required by law, we assume no obligation to update any forward-looking statements after the date of this report.

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PART I

Item 1. Business

Overview of Market

Founded in 1979, Information Analysis Incorporated, which we sometimes refer to as the Company or IAI, is in the business of developing and maintaining information technology (IT) systems, modernizing client information systems, and performing professional services to government and commercial organizations. Since its inception, we have performed software development and conversion projects for over 100 commercial and government customers including, but not limited to the Department of Agriculture, Department of Defense, Department of Education, Department of Energy, Department of Homeland Security, Department of the Treasury, U.S. Small Business Administration, U.S. Army, U.S. Air Force, Department of Veterans Affairs, Citibank, and General Dynamics Information Technology (formerly Computer Sciences Corporation, CSRA). At present, we primarily apply our technology, services and experience to developing web-based and mobile device solutions (including electronic forms conversions) for various agencies of the federal government, data analytics, and legacy software migration and modernization.

Digital Solutions Marketplace

The web, digital content, and cloud solutions market continues to be one of the fastest growing segments of the information technology professional services business as small and large companies, and government agencies (state and federal) expand their presence via cloud implementations and on the Internet. The range of products and services involved in this sector is extensive and therefore, require some specialization for a small company such as IAI to make an impact. Most small web companies are involved in building websites and typically have many short duration projects. More complex web applications generally require knowledge of customers’ back-end systems based on mainframe or mid-level computers. Few small companies have the expertise to develop these more sophisticated web applications. We distinguish ourselves among smaller companies by having such expertise, typically associated with larger companies, both internally and through strategic business relationships with leading-edge software firms, such as Adobe Systems.

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Given executive level directives to improve outreach to its stakeholders, federal and state government agencies are now empowered to find means of facilitating dissemination of information quickly and efficiently. Government requirements are unique in that most government processes are based on forms. Many government agencies rely on thousands of internal and external forms to conduct their business. Any company that wishes to develop governmental web applications must competently address the forms issue. Adobe electronic forms related products resold and supported by IAI as a solutions partner are the predominant forms software in the federal government.

Over the last few years there has been a pronounced emphasis within the U.S. federal government to employ more form data entry and citizen communication using mobile devices such as iPhones, iPads, and mobile devices employing the Android operating system. Working with Adobe’s latest version of Adobe Experience Manager (AEM), we have been able to build applications for several federal clients employing mobile devices, as well as converting paper-based forms into “dynamic” or “adaptive” forms.

Legacy Migration and Modernization

The migration and modernization market is complex and diverse as to the multiple requirements clients possess to upgrade their older systems. Many large legacy systems remain in use because of the enormous cost to re-engineer these systems. Currently, the options available to modernize these systems are many and include introduction of new hardware systems, employing advanced software languages, and utilization of the Internet or Intranet to achieve desired efficiencies. All of these options are typically very expensive and time consuming because they require starting all over in defining requirements, designing structures, programming, and testing.

Opportunities for our modernization expertise continue to exist as government agencies and private companies are being driven for various reasons, including increased funding by federal and state legislatures, to address the upgrading of their legacy systems. One reason is the difficulty of finding and retaining staff with outdated technical skills, many of which are possessed only by senior programmers nearing retirement. Hardware platforms such as Unisys are reaching the horizon of their usefulness, and consequently, older programming and data base languages are generally poorly supported by their providers. Additionally, maintenance costs are materially increasing as vendors squeeze the most out of clients before the life-cycles of hardware and software expire. In addition, the Internet has added a new level of pressure to compete in the electronic marketplace with sector rivals. We expect that the foreseeable future should see an upsurge of movement and change as organizations revamp their older legacy systems.

A segment of mainframe users is interested in simply updating their legacy systems without drastic rewritings to these systems in newer languages or adapting expensive enterprise products (such as SAP or Oracle) to their needs. These potential customers are looking for automated tools that can quickly and cost-effectively move applications onto cheaper computer platforms without the risk of failure. IAI, in conjunction with strategic partners, such as Micro Focus and Software Mining, offers its own conversion tool set and those of its partners in addressing this need and positioning us to uniquely deliver successful results. It is difficult to determine the exact size of this segment, but even a minor share of this market would represent significant prospective customers with meaningful opportunities. In December 2016, we were notified that IAI was one of a number of subcontractors that were part of a prime contractor’s team that was awarded a contract with the Small Business Administration’s (SBA) 504 loan program. Under the contract, IAI personnel provide analysis and modernization activities to the SBA program platform. IAI personnel worked extensively in calendar year 2017 on their assigned tasks and were significant team contributors to a successful implementation of the modernized application in the first quarter 2018. As a side benefit on this project, IAI recruited a team of exceptional programmers versed in Adobe Cold Fusion technology, which was used extensively on the SBA 504 loan program. This added capability adds to our unique set of capabilities and differentiates us from other modernization companies.

Because of IAI’s unique modernization capabilities, IAI has been approached by various companies, some very large, to collaborate on modernization opportunities that are suddenly imminent for a number of federal agencies. We interpret this as a positive sign that our backlog of modernization activities will expand over the next three years.

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Description of Business and Strategy

With the advent of mobile and digital technology applications becoming widespread in everyday life, coupled with government agencies seeking better ways to improve outreach to its stakeholders, we intend to capitalize on our proven expertise in this arena and capture new business opportunities that are likely to arise in the foreseeable future. This includes the conversion of paper-based forms into digitally compatible “dynamic” and “adaptive” forms, as well as developing mobile and Internet based applications that replace cumbersome paper handling processes currently in use by diverse organizations.

We are using the experience we have acquired as an Adobe solutions partner and reseller to help secure engagements for web-based applications requiring forms. The Adobe Experience Manager products have evolved over the years into robust tools that can form the backbone of applications, especially those requiring forms and web content management. We have used this expertise to penetrate a number of federal government clients such as the Internal Revenue Service and Veterans Affairs and build sophisticated web applications at the Department of Homeland Security. One such application, a parking and transit subsidy tool, was cited for award recognition by the American Council for Technology – Industry Advisory Council (ACT-IAC) and Federal Computer Week’s Fed 100 Awards. Our knowledge of legacy system languages has been instrumental in connecting these web applications to legacy databases residing on mainframe computers. Our Company has built a core group of professionals that can continue to build this practice over the coming years. In addition, IAI, operating as a prime contractor, has teamed with Adobe Systems to provide AEM Assets govCloud services to DoD’s Defense Security Services and AEM related application consulting to the Defense Finance and Accounting Services.

Concentrating on the niche of electronic forms-related web applications (including securing digital content and documents) through our solutions partner relationship with Adobe AEM products, we have developed a cadre of professionals that can quickly and efficiently develop web applications. We will focus on federal government clients during 2019 and beyond and leverage the Company’s reputation with existing federal customers to penetrate other agencies. We will be able to reference successful projects completed or in development for various components of the Department of Homeland Security, Department of Defense, Department of Veterans Affairs, Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service, Department of Agriculture, Department of Education, General Services Administration, U.S. Army Reserve, and U.S. Air Force Logistics Command.

As a recent example of our capability, IAI was contracted by the US Citizenship and Immigration Services agency (USCIS) to provide technical and design support to complete development of an enhanced Form I-9 (Employment Eligibility Verification) that incorporates drop-down menus, helper text and hover text that embed the instructions into the form, field logic, error messages and form validation into a fillable PDF format. IAI’s successful programming of the enhanced form per our client’s requirements led to the form’s release by the government in September 2017 to the general public as USCIS’s official form for that designated purpose.

In an effort to increase IAI’s profile and visibility in the expanding digital technology marketplace, IAI personnel have actively participated in industry programs such as the Adobe Digital Government Assembly and the Department of Homeland Security’s Government Forms Forum, which bring together senior government officials, technology leaders and information technology leaders interested in advances in digital technology applications. IAI senior staff typically participate in related panel discussions and IAI exhibits its digital related competencies and innovative capabilities to the attendees.

We recognize the need to enhance our service and product capabilities as a means of expanding our business base and maintaining growth in the future. To that end, over the last several years, we have aggressively pursued strategic business relationships with certain technology firms in our local area that have developed unique and innovative software-based products and services. These new business areas include, but are not limited to, legacy modernization applications and expanded product opportunities. In addition, we have teamed with other local technology firms on proposal submissions to federal government agencies to gain access to Government Wide Acquisition Contracts, such as the Navy’s multiple SeaPort NxG contract.

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Where appropriate, we have entered into teaming arrangements or product reseller agreements with certain of these firms. These products and services are synergistic to our present business strategy and also allow us to expand into new business areas, both within the federal government and commercial sectors, without the expenditure of significant technical development dollars. Our partners benefit by our potential to leverage their new technology developments into our existing client base, as well as utilize our expertise and credibility in developing applications around their inventive products.

Since the mid-1990’s we have migrated customers, both private firms and government agencies, from older computer languages generally associated with legacy computer systems to more modern languages used with current-day computer system platforms. As part of this modernization, many organizations wish to extend these legacy systems to interface with web-based applications. Our strategy has been to develop and/or acquire tools through strategic relationships that will facilitate the modernization process and differentiate our offerings in the marketplace.

In 2004, we aligned with Micro Focus, an established company in the legacy COBOL environment, to jointly participate in the conversion of large legacy mainframe systems to PC and Unix server platforms. Micro Focus has developed a suite of products that simplify the conversion process and enable the entry screens to be Internet accessible. As an authorized reseller and installer of the Micro Focus tools, our plan is to derive revenue from software sales and installation services as well as acquire supplementary programming services that typically may occur with each engagement.

We have structured our Company to address the wide range of requirements that we envision the market will demand. We believe that the use of our proprietary ICONS legacy conversion tools suite and that of our strategic partners will give us a competitive edge in performing certain conversions and migrations faster and more economically than many other vendors. The diverse capabilities of our staff in mainframe technology and client-server implementations help to assure that our staff can analyze the original systems properly to conduct accurate and thorough conversions both from a technical and business perspective. In addition, our modernization methodology has evolved over time through the successful completion of numerous conversion projects.

Our strategy to exploit the conversion and modernization market is also predicated on continuing to form alliances with large information technology consulting firms who currently maintain the legacy systems for large government agencies and Fortune 1000 companies. These alliances have resulted in significant opportunities in the past and are likely to be important in procuring future business.

Our management will generally continue to explore ways to expand our current market spaces and develop new ones that may offer more opportunity. This may take the shape of organic growth or through acquisition or merger with other companies. In any event, IAI will explore the potential of diversified business opportunities and seek targets of acquisition.

  We are a small business team member on the Defense Logistics Agency’s (DLA) J6 Enterprise Technical Services (JETS) contract. The DLA JETS contract is a five-year, $6.015B ceiling, base Indefinite Delivery Indefinite Quantity (IDIQ) contract vehicle for a full range of IT services as well as technical and management expertise that supports applications, software, hardware, infrastructure, and systems, across the DLA Enterprise. Additionally, this contract vehicle is available for use by other Department of Defense agencies and organizations.

Certain government contracts related to IAI’s business are now limiting future awards to companies certified under designated quality management systems such as ISO 9001:2015. The ISO 9001 family of quality management systems is designed to help organizations ensure that they meet the needs of customers and other stakeholders while meeting statutory and regulatory requirements related to a product or program. Third-party certification bodies provide independent confirmation that organizations meet the requirements of ISO 9001. In the second half of 2016, IAI developed the processes and procedures required by the ISO 9001:2015 so as to be in compliance with this standard and expand our ability to bid on future contracts that require such certification. We received notice by the independent registrar in June 2017 that IAI passed its Stage Two Audit and was subsequently awarded ISO 9001:2015 certification. IAI continues to undergo periodic internal and external audits as required by regulations to ensure compliance with the ISO quality management standard. IAI has subsequently passed all such follow-on surveillance audits to date.

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Backlog

As of December 31, 2018, we estimated our backlog at approximately $13.2 million over the next three years, of which $2.9 million was funded. This backlog consists of outstanding contracts and general commitments from current clients. We regularly provide services to certain clients on an as-needed basis without regard to a specific contract. General commitments represent those services which we anticipate providing to such clients during a twelve-month period.

Competition

In the ever-expanding realm of enterprise-based web content management systems, there are a number of small and large companies offering such software products and related consulting services. We believe that the Adobe Experience Manager product suite will continue to dominate in the future against such competition, including offerings such as Microsoft’s SharePoint solution. AEM has performed well in the federal marketplace due to its full offering of powerful capabilities such as cloud integration and intuitive customization. Adobe Experience Manager is a solution that optimizes the authoring, management and delivery of digital media and content across owned channels, including Web, mobile, email, print and social communities. In 2018, Gartner named Adobe as a leader in multiple categories of its Magic Quadrant reporting including, but not limited to, Digital Experience Platforms, Web Content Management, Personalization Engines and Content Marketing Platforms.

There are hundreds of firms performing traditional information technology services, business intelligence and cybersecurity, and general consulting for the federal government. A great number of them are much larger than IAI, and are more established in the marketplace, and have more resources to pursue individual prospects.

The competition in the conversion and modernization market is very strong. Many software professional services companies have had some involvement in this area and profess proficiency in performing these projects. We also face competition from other companies that purport to substantially automate the process through software tools including Blue Phoenix Solutions, Fujitsu, and IBM. Software for enterprise resource planning, such as SAP and Oracle, provides an additional source of competition, although to date, the cost and lengthy installation time for enterprise resource planning software has slowed its implementation in the market place. No matter what type of solution is offered, many of our competitors have greater name recognition than our company, a larger, more established customer base, and significantly greater financial and market resources.

Government Regulation

We are bound by various rules and regulations promulgated by the federal government and agencies thereunder. We have not experienced undue expense beyond those expenses normally incurred in our ordinary course of business in adhering to such rules and regulations. Since historically most of our business is derived from contracts either directly with the U.S. federal government or as a subcontractor on behalf of U.S. federal government customers, most of our contracts are subject to termination at the election of the government.

Intellectual Property

We depend upon a combination of trade secret and copyright laws, nondisclosure and other contractual provisions and technical measures to protect our proprietary rights in our methodologies, databases and software. We have not filed any patent applications covering our methodologies and software. In addition, we attempt to protect the secrecy of our proprietary databases and other trade secrets and proprietary information through agreements with employees and consultants.

We also seek to protect the source code of our proprietary ICONS legacy code conversion tools suite as trade secrets. The copyright protection accorded to databases, however, is fairly limited. While the arrangement and selection of data can be protected, the actual data is not, and others are free to create software performing the same function. We believe, however, that the creation of competing databases would be very time consuming and costly.

Employees

As of December 31, 2018, we employed twenty-one full-time and three part-time individuals. In addition, we maintained subcontractor relationships with companies and individuals that add eight individuals for professional information technology services. All of our billable professional employees have at least four years of related experience. For computer related services, we believe that the diverse professional opportunities and interaction among our employees contribute to maintaining a stable professional staff with limited turnover.

We have no collective bargaining agreements or other such labor contracts with our employees and believe that our employee relationships are satisfactory. In the long-term, management will likely hire additional staff to meet its anticipated growth requirements. We do not anticipate encountering material problems in our ability to hire individuals with the requisite employee skill sets, despite a competitive market for our requisite technical skill sets and government clearances, when required. We utilize fee-based recruiting firms when it is necessary to speed up the process of locating and hiring employees with specialized skill sets and clearances.

Available Information

We make available free of charge on or through our website our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, proxy statements, and all amendments to those reports as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC. Our website address is www.infoa.com.

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Item 1A. Risk Factors

We operate in a rapidly changing environment that involves a number of risks, some of which are beyond our control. This discussion highlights some of the risks which may affect future operating results. These are the risks and uncertainties we believe are most important for you to consider. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us which we currently deem immaterial or which are similar to those faced by other companies in our industry or business in general, may also impair our business operations. If any of the following risks or uncertainties actually occurs, our business, financial condition and operating results would likely suffer.

Changes in the funding priorities of the U.S. federal government, and changes in the way the U.S. federal government contracts with businesses, may materially and adversely affect our revenue and earnings.

Since the U.S. federal government is our largest customer, both directly and with us as a subcontractor, changes in the funding priorities of the U.S. federal government may materially and adversely affect us if funding is cut or shifted away from the information technology services that we are equipped to provide. Additionally, changes in the way the government awards contracts may create a disadvantage for us to compete in certain markets.

Temporary or extended budget-related shutdowns of parts of the U.S. federal government may materially and adversely affect our revenue and earnings.

Since the U.S. federal government is our largest customer, both directly and with us as a subcontractor, budget impasses that lead to temporary or extended shutdowns of agencies of the U.S. federal government with which we contract or for which we provide services may adversely affect cash flow and earnings as we carry key personnel during periods in which they are unable to perform work which can be invoiced to the customers.

U.S. federal government contracts are generally subject to terms more favorable to the customer than commercial contracts.

U.S. federal government contracts generally contain provisions and are subject to laws and regulations that give the federal government rights and remedies not typically found in commercial contracts, including provisions permitting the federal government to:

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terminate our existing contracts;

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reduce potential future income from our existing contracts;

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modify some of the terms and conditions in our existing contracts;

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suspend or permanently prohibit us from doing business with the federal government or with any specific government agency;

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impose fines and penalties;

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subject the award of some contracts to protest or challenge by competitors, which may require the contracting federal agency or department to suspend our performance pending the outcome of the protest or challenge and which may also require the government to solicit new proposals for the contract or result in the termination, reduction or modification of the awarded contract;

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suspend work under existing multiple year contracts and related task orders if the necessary funds are not appropriated by Congress;

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decline to exercise an option to extend an existing multiple year contract; and

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claim rights in technologies and systems invented, developed or produced by us.

The U.S. federal government may terminate a contract either “for convenience” (for instance, due to a change in its perceived needs or its desire to consolidate work under another contract) or if a default occurs by failing to perform under the contract. If the federal government terminates a contract for convenience, we generally would be entitled to recover only our incurred or committed costs, settlement expenses and profit on the work completed prior to termination. If the federal government terminates a contract based upon a default, we generally would be denied any recovery for undelivered work, and instead may be liable for excess costs incurred by the federal government in procuring undelivered items from an alternative source and other damages as authorized by law.

The opportunities among our exisiting customers for forms modernization is nearing maturity.

Over the last several years, we have modernized nearly all of the forms for which modernization was needed to meet compliance standards within agencies that have been our key electronic forms customers. While we continue to assist these customers with incremental changes on their internal and external forms, we must position ourselves to find forms business within some new agencies. While we do not anticipate a material effect on our overall results of operations, we may experience a material decline in revenue. 

Over half of our revenue is concentrated among a small number of contracts.

The loss of one or a few key contracts that represent large portions of our revenue could materially affect our revenue and our results of operations.

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Failure to keep pace with a changing technological environment could negatively impact our business.

The computer industry in general, and the market for our application software offerings and services, is characterized by rapidly changing technology, frequent new technology introductions, and significant competition. In order to keep pace with this rapidly changing market environment, we must continually develop and incorporate into our services new technological advances and features desired by the marketplace at acceptable prices. The successful development and commercialization of new services and technology involves many risks, including the identification of new opportunities, timely completion of the development process, the control and recovery of development and production costs and acceptance by customers of our products and services. If we are unsuccessful in identifying, developing and marketing our services and technology or adapting our business to rapid technological change, it will have a material negative impact on our results of operations.

We are subject to intense competition from other companies engaged in software development and computer related services.

The market for our products and services is competitive, rapidly evolving, and can be affected by new product introductions and other market activities of industry participants. Some of these companies have longer operating histories, greater financial, marketing and other resources, greater name recognition in other markets and a larger base of customers than IAI. In addition, some companies have well-established relationships with our current and prospective customers. As a result, these competitors may be able to devote greater resources to the development, promotion and sale of their products and services than we can. Should we not be able to maintain our competitive advantages in light of these factors, it could have a material negative impact on our results of operations.

If we are unable to accurately estimate the cost of services and the timeline for completion of contracts, the profitability of our contracts may be materially and adversely affected.

Our commercial and federal government contracts are typically awarded on a competitive basis. Our bids are based upon, among other items, the cost to provide the services. To generate an acceptable return on our investment in these contracts we must be able to accurately estimate our costs to provide the services required by the contract and be able to complete the contracts in a timely manner. If we fail to accurately estimate our costs or the time required to complete a contract the profitability of our contracts may be materially and adversely affected.

Contracts on which we utilize subcontractors or suppliers may be adversely affected if our subcontractors or suppliers fail to perform required obligations under the contract.

We frequently utilize subcontract labor on contracts where we lack specific functional expertise or where the subcontractor has brought the opportunity to us. If our subcontractors or suppliers fail to perform as specified, it may adversely affect our contracts and subject us to loss of the contracts, unintended expenses, and/or the inability to secure future contracts due to our nonperformance.

Our federal government contracts typically have terms of one or more base years and one or more option years. Federal governmental agencies generally have the right not to exercise options to extend a contract. A decision to terminate or not to exercise options to extend our existing contracts could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations.

We are dependent on key personnel to maintain our profitability and grow our business.

Our future success depends, to a significant extent, on the continued services of our key personnel. A loss of certain key personnel, both managerial and technical, would most likely have an adverse effect on our business.  In addition, competition for qualified technical personnel throughout the industry is significant and we may be unable to retain our current personnel or attract, integrate or retain other highly qualified personnel in the future.  If we do not succeed in retaining our current personnel or in attracting and motivating new personnel, our business could be adversely affected.

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Our software sales are subject to increasing price competition, fluctuation in demand, and our relationships with third-party software and software maintenance suppliers.

Federal government customers are increasingly utilizing systems to accept software bids that make it easier for a larger number of sellers to participate in the bid process, which puts downard pressure on prices. At the same time, we obtain software licenses and related software maintenance contracts for resale from third-party suppliers. Increases in costs from these suppliers may affect our ability to bid winning prices to potential customers, which could have a material efffect on software sales revenue. Also, any delay in our suppliers' fulfillment of our orders could impair our ability to deliver products and maintenance to customers and, accordingly, could have a material adverse effect on business, results of operations, financial condition, and reputation.

Fluctuations in our results of operations from period to period may cause fluctuations in our stock price.

Our financial results vary from quarter to quarter based on certain factors such as the timing of significant orders, contract funding approvals and contract completions, some of which are beyond our control. As a consequence, our quarterly and annual revenue and operating results may fluctuate from period to period, and period comparisons may therefore not be meaningful. Such fluctuations in the future could contribute to corresponding fluctuations in our stock price and in certain cases cause the trading price of our stock to decline.

The exercise of outstanding options to purchase our common stock could substantially dilute shareholders’ investments.

Under the terms of outstanding options to acquire our common stock issued to employees and others, the holders thereof are given an opportunity to profit from a rise in the market price of our common stock that, upon the exercise of such options, could result in dilution in the interests of our other shareholders.

There is a limited public market for our common stock.

Our common stock is presently quoted on the OTC Markets under the symbol “IAIC”, and the securities are traded through broker-dealers. Because our stock trades on the OTC Markets rather than on a national securities exchange, a shareholder may find it difficult to either dispose of or obtain quotations as to the price of our common stock. There has historically been a low trading volume of our shares which may have an adverse impact on a shareholder’s ability to execute transactions of our shares.

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Item 2. Properties

Our offices are located at 11240 Waples Mill Road, Fairfax, VA 22030. We hold a lease for 4,434 square feet. This lease expires on June 30, 2021. We believe that our current facility is suitable and adequate to meet our current needs, and that suitable additional or substitute space will be available as needed to accommodate expansion of our operations.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

There are presently no pending legal proceedings to which we are a party or to which any of our property is subject and, to the best of our knowledge, no such actions against us are contemplated or threatened.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

9

PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Market Information

Our Common Stock trades on the Over-the-Counter Bulletin Board under the symbol IAIC. The following table sets forth, for the fiscal periods indicated, the high and low bid prices of the Common Stock:

	2018 Quarter Ended:				2017 Quarter Ended:
	03/31/18	06/30/18	09/30/18	12/31/18	03/31/17	06/30/17	09/30/17	12/31/17
High	$0.50	$0.47	$0.36	$0.27	$0.26	$0.35	$0.30	$0.42
Low	$0.36	$0.27	$0.21	$0.14	$0.14	$0.17	$0.19	$0.19

The quotations on which the above data are based reflect inter-dealer prices without adjustment for retail mark-up, mark-down or commission, and may not necessarily represent actual transactions.

Because our stock trades on the OTC Bulletin Board rather than on a national securities exchange, a shareholder may find it difficult to either dispose of or obtain quotations as to the price of our common stock. There has historically been a low trading volume of our shares which may have an adverse impact on a shareholder’s ability to execute transactions of our shares.

Holders

As of December 31, 2018, we had 104 holders of record of our Common Stock.

Dividends

We have never paid any cash dividends on our common stock and do not anticipate paying cash dividends within the foreseeable future. Our management anticipates that all earnings, if any, will be retained for development of our business. Any future dividends will be subject to the discretion of the board of directors and will depend on, among other things, future earnings, our operating and financial condition, our capital requirements and general business conditions.

10

Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans

The following table contains information regarding securities authorized and available for issuance under our equity compensation plans for certain employees, directors, and consultants.

Equity Compensation Plan Information

Plan category	Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants, and rights	Weighted average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants, and rights	Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a))
	(a)	(b)	(c)
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders(1,2)	1,376,500	$0.23	627,000
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders	-	-	-
Totals	1,376,500	$0.23	627,000

1 The Company has a stock incentive plan, which became effective June 1, 2016, and expires April 4, 2026 (the “2016 Plan”). The 2016 Plan provides for the granting of equity awards to employees and directors. The maximum number of shares for which equity awards may be granted under the 2016 Plan is 1,000,000. Options granted under the 2016 Plan expire no later than ten years from the date of grant or 90 days after employment ceases, whichever comes first, and vest over periods determined by the Board of Directors.

2 The Company had a stock incentive plan, which became effective May 18, 2006, and expired April 12, 2016 (the “2006 Plan”). The 2006 Plan provided for the granting of equity awards to employees and directors. Options granted under the 2006 Plan expire no later than ten years from the date of grant or 90 days after employment ceases, whichever comes first, and vest over periods determined by the Board of Directors.

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

We had no sales of unregistered securities during 2018 that have not been previously disclosed in a Current Report on Form 8-K or Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q.

Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers

We did not repurchase any of our equity securities during 2018.

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the attached financial statements and notes thereto. Reference is made to “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” on page 1 hereof, which describes important factors that could cause actual results to differ from expectations and non-historical information contained herein.

Overview

In 2018 we incurred a net loss of $51,000, a $297,000 decrease in earnings from our 2017 net income of $246,000. Our stockholders’ equity was $1.87 million at December 31, 2018, a decrease of $21,000 from 2017’s year-end balance. Our gross profit decreased by $273,000 on a decrease in total revenue of $1.71 million. The revenue decrease includes a $612,000 decrease in fees for professional services from new contracts and a $1.10 million decrease in software sales. Our selling, general and administrative expenses increased $72,000, or 4.3%, in 2018.

Cash and cash equivalents decreased $767,554, due mostly to the decrease in revenue in 2018 and decreasing the balances of accrued expenses and commissions payable. We were able to operate throughout 2018 without borrowing against our line of credit.

11

Results of Operations

The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, selected information from our Statements of Operations, expressed as a percentage of revenue:

	Years ended December 31,
	2018	2017
Revenues
Professional fees	49.2%	47.0%
Software sales	50.8%	53.0%
Total revenues	100.0%	100.0%
Cost of revenues
Cost of professional fees	26.6%	25.6%
Cost of software sales	49.4%	51.7%
Total cost of revenues	76.0%	77.3%
Gross profit	24.0%	22.7%
Operating expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses	19.5%	15.8%
Commissions expense	5.2%	4.7%
(Loss) income from operations	(0.7%)	2.2%
Other income	0.1%	0.1%
(Loss) income before provision for income taxes	(0.6%)	2.3%
Provision for income taxes	0.0%	0.0%
Net (loss) income	(0.6%)	2.3%

2018 Compared to 2017

Revenue. Total revenue for 2018 decreased $1.71 million, or 16.0%, to $8.93 million from $10.64 million in 2017. Revenue from professional services fees decreased $612,000 or 12.2%, to $4.39 million in 2018 from $5.00 million in 2017. The decrease in our revenue from professional services fees is primarily due to the expiration of some contracts and to one particular contract that graduated from development mode to maintenance mode following the successful implementation of a major modernization effort. Revenue from software sales decreased $1.10 million, or 19.4%, to $4.54 million in 2018 from $5.64 million in 2017. Software product and maintenance sales and commissions on registered sales are subject to considerable fluctuation from period to period, based on the product mix sold and customer demand. Revenue from software sales comprised 50.8% of total sales in 2018, compared to 53.0% of total sales in 2017.

Gross Profit. Gross profit decreased $273,000, or 11.3%, in 2018 versus 2017. Gross profit on professional fees revenue is higher than gross profit on software sales, as gross profit on software sales is more dependent on the costs from third-party suppliers, and revenue is generally based on increasingly-competitive bidding in which identical products are offered by all bidders. Overall gross profit as a percentage of revenue increased to 24.0% of revenue in 2018 from 22.7% of revenue in 2017. Gross profit from professional fees for 2018 was $2.01 million, or 45.8% of professional fees revenue, while gross profit for 2017 from professional fees was $2.28 million, or 45.6% of professional fees revenue. For software sales, gross profit percentage increased to 2.9% in 2018 from 2.4% in 2017.

Selling, General and Administrative. Selling, general and administrative expense for 2018 increased $72,000 to $1.75 million, or 19.5% of revenue, from $1.67 million, or 15.7% of revenue, in 2017. The increase is due mostly to increases in non-billable labor cost and the cost of fringe benefits allocated to that labor, stock compensation costs, which increased largely due to the effect of greater stock price volatility on the fair value of awarded incentive stock options, and increased costs of labor allocated to bids and proposals.

Commission Expense. Commission expense in 2018 was $460,000, or 5.2% of revenue, versus $504,000, or 4.7%, in 2017. Commission expenses vary based on income generated from contracts sold by our commission-based sales associates.

12

Outlook. In January 2017, we began work on a contract that added approximately $2.0 million in revenue in each of 2018 and 2017. While that modernization implementation contract has entered a maintenance mode, it is expected to continue to generate revenue exceeding $1.4 million in 2019, and that relationship is expected to yield additional opportunities within that U.S. federal agency for similar projects. In addition, we will aggressively pursue other professional services opportunities and relationships.

In March 2018, we were awarded a new General Services Administration (“GSA”) Multiple Award Schedule contract for Information Technology services. The award has a base period of five years, with the possibility of three five-year option periods. The new GSA schedule contract replaces our previous GSA schedule contract, which expired in November 2018.

The U.S. federal government shutdown that occurred from December 2018 into January 2019 caused the Company to cease work on several federal contracts during that period. In addition, solicitations on other U.S. federal government opportunities were delayed by the shutdown. We have reported losses in each of the last six first calendar quarters. In 2019, we expect that trend to continue, and expect the losses to carry into the second calendar quarter.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”), or other standard setting bodies that the Company adopts as of the specified effective date.

For a discussion of the accounting standards recently adopted or pending adoption and the affect such accounting changes will have on our results of operations, financial position or liquidity, see Note 1 to the financial statements.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our beginning cash and cash equivalents balance, when combined with our cash flow from operations, were sufficient to provide financing for our operations. For 2018, net cash used in operating and investing activities was $768,000. Our net cash used, when subtracted from a beginning balance of $2.73 million, yielded cash and cash equivalents of $1.96 million at December 31, 2018. Our accounts payable and accrued expenses balances decreased $410,000 due to a combination of the timing of receiving supplier invoices from a 2017 software sales transaction and a reduction in payroll liabilities at year-end from 2017 to 2018. Our commission payable balance decreased $204,746 as existing commissions payable balances were paid out faster than new commissions were earned in 2018. Our contract liabilities balances are largely composed of deferred revenue from sales of software maintenance contracts, for which we recognize the costs and revenue ratably over the life of the maintenance contract. These balances decreased $68,000.

We have a revolving line of credit with a bank providing for demand or short-term borrowings of up to $1,000,000. The line became effective December 20, 2005, and expires on May 31, 2020. As of December 31, 2018, no amounts were outstanding under this line of credit. We did not borrow against this line of credit in 2018.

Based on our current cash position and operating plan, we anticipate that we will be able to meet our cash requirements beyond twelve months from the filing of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

We presently lease our corporate offices on a contractual basis with certain timeframe commitments and obligations. We believe that our existing offices will be sufficient to meet our foreseeable facility requirement. Should we need additional space to accommodate increased activities, management believes we can secure such additional space on reasonable terms.

We have no material commitments for capital expenditures.

13

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any off-balance-sheet arrangements that have or are likely to have a material current or future effect on our financial condition, or changes in financial condition, liquidity or capital resources or expenditures.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our significant accounting policies are described in Note 1 to our accompanying financial statements. We consider the accounting policies related to revenue recognition to be critical to the understanding of our results of operations. Our critical accounting policies also include the areas where we have made what we consider to be particularly difficult, subjective or complex judgments in making estimates, and where these estimates can significantly impact our financial results under different assumptions and conditions. We prepare our financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. As such, we are required to make certain estimates, judgments and assumptions that we believe are reasonable based upon the information available. These estimates, judgments and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the periods presented. Actual results could be different from these estimates.

Revenue Recognition

We generate revenue from the sales of information technology professional services, sales of third-party software licenses and implementation and training services, sales of third-party support and maintenance contracts based on those software products, and incentive payments received from third-party software suppliers for facilitating sales directly between that supplier and a customer introduced by us. We sell through our direct relationships with end customers and under subcontractor arrangements. On January 1, 2018, we adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-9, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) and its related amendments (collectively known as “ASC 606”). We account for our performance obligations in accordance with ASC 606, and all related interpretations.

Revenue is recognized when all of the following steps have been taken and criteria met for each contract:

●

Identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer - A contract with a customer exists when (i) we enter into an enforceable contract with a customer that defines each party’s rights regarding the goods or services to be transferred and identifies the payment terms related to these goods or services, (ii) the contract has commercial substance and the parties are committed to perform and, (iii) we determine that collection of substantially all consideration to which we will be entitled in exchange for goods or services that will be transferred is probable based on the customer’s intent and ability to pay the promised consideration.

●

Identification of the performance obligations in the contract - Performance obligations promised in a contract are identified based on the goods or services that will be transferred to the customer that are both capable of being distinct, whereby the customer can benefit from the goods or service either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available from third parties or from us, and are distinct in the context of the contract, whereby the transfer of the goods or services is separately identifiable from other promises in the contract. To the extent a contract includes multiple promised goods or services, we apply judgment to determine whether promised goods or services are capable of being distinct and distinct in the context of the contract. If these criteria are not met the promised goods or services are accounted for as a combined performance obligation.

●

Determination of the transaction price - The transaction price is determined based on the consideration to which we will be entitled in exchange for transferring goods or services to the customer adjusted for estimated variable consideration, if any. We typically estimate the transaction price impact of discounts offered to the customers for early payments on receivables or rebates based on sales target achievements. Constraints are applied when estimating variable considerations based on historical experience where applicable.

14

●

Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract - If the contract contains a single performance obligation, the entire transaction price is allocated to the single performance obligation. Contracts that contain multiple performance obligations require an allocation of the transaction price to each performance obligation based on a relative standalone selling price basis. We determine standalone selling price by taking into account available information such as historical selling prices of the performance obligation, geographic location, overall strategic pricing objective, market conditions and internally approved pricing guidelines related to the performance obligations.

●

Recognition of revenue when, or as, we satisfy performance obligations - We satisfy performance obligations either over time or at a point in time. Revenue is recognized at or over the time the related performance obligation is satisfied by transferring a promised good or service to a customer.

Effects of Inflation

In the opinion of management, inflation has not had a material effect on our operations.

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm	16
Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2018 and 2017	17
Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017	18
Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017	19
Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017	20
Notes to Financial Statements	21

15

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of

Information Analysis Incorporated

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of Information Analysis Incorporated (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the related statements of operations and comprehensive (loss) income, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2018, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2018, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United Stated of America.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ CohnReznick LLP

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2012.

Tysons, Virginia

April 1, 2019

16

INFORMATION ANALYSIS INCORPORATED

BALANCE SHEETS

	December 31, 2018	December 31, 2017
ASSETS
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$1,963,956	$2,731,510
Accounts receivable, net	652,839	610,182
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	393,533	368,626
Contract assets	-	5,532
Notes receivable	-	1,719
Total current assets	3,010,328	3,717,569
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation
and amortization of $294,424 and $284,667	7,147	11,133
Other assets	6,281	6,281
Total assets	$3,023,756	$3,734,983
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	$25,294	$47,658
Commissions payable	508,083	712,829
Contract liabilities	318,552	387,002
Accrued payroll and related liabilities	217,751	275,582
Other accrued liabilities	81,485	411,487
Franchise taxes payable	-	6,400
Total liabilities	1,151,165	1,840,958
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders' equity
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 30,000,000 shares
authorized, 12,844,376 shares issued, 11,201,760 shares
outstanding as of December 31, 2018 and 2017	128,443	128,443
Additional paid-in capital	14,676,006	14,646,406
Accumulated deficit	(12,001,647)	(11,950,613)
Treasury stock, 1,642,616 shares at cost
at December 31, 2018 and 2017	(930,211)	(930,211)
Total stockholders' equity	1,872,591	1,894,025
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$3,023,756	$3,734,983

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements

17

INFORMATION ANALYSIS INCORPORATED

STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND

COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME

	For the years ended December 31,
	2018	2017
Revenues
Professional fees	$4,392,311	$5,003,908
Software sales	4,541,464	5,636,695
Total revenues	8,933,775	10,640,603
Cost of revenues
Cost of professional fees	2,380,670	2,723,501
Cost of software sales	4,410,267	5,501,673
Total cost of revenues	6,790,937	8,225,174
Gross profit	2,142,838	2,415,429
Selling, general and administrative expenses	1,745,320	1,673,762
Commission expense	459,863	503,893
(Loss) income from operations	(62,345)	237,774
Other income	11,311	8,688
(Loss) income before provision for income taxes	(51,034)	246,462
Provision for income taxes	-	-
Net (loss) income	$(51,034)	$246,462
Comprehensive (loss) income	$(51,034)	$246,462
Net (loss) income per commion share - basic	$-	$0.02
Net (loss) income per commion share - diluted	$-	$0.02
Weighted average common shares outstanding
Basic	11,201,760	11,201,760
Diluted	11,201,760	11,583,578

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements

18

INFORMATION ANALYSIS INCORPORATED

STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

	Shares of
	Common		Additional
	Stock	Common	Paid-In	Accumulated	Treasury
	Issued	Stock	Capital	Deficit	Stock	Total
Balances, December 31, 2016	12,844,376	$128,443	$14,631,362	$(12,197,075)	$(930,211)	$1,632,519
Net income				246,462		246,462
Stock option compensation			15,044			15,044
Balances, December 31, 2017	12,844,376	128,443	14,646,406	(11,950,613)	(930,211)	1,894,025
Net loss				(51,034)		(51,034)
Stock option compensation			29,600			29,600
Balances, December 31, 2018	12,844,376	$128,443	$14,676,006	$(12,001,647)	$(930,211)	$1,872,591

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements

19

INFORMATION ANALYSIS INCORPORATED

STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

	For the years ended December 31,
	2018	2017
Cash flows from operating activities
Net (loss) income	$(51,034)	$246,462
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash
(used in) provided by operating activities
Depreciation and amortization	9,757	16,905
Stock-based compensation	29,600	15,044
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
Accounts receivable	(37,125)	541,673
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	(24,907)	294,930
Accounts payable, accrued payroll and related liabilities,
and other accrued liabilities	(410,197)	83,197
Deferred revenue	(68,450)	(228,033)
Commissions payable	(204,746)	(140,511)
Franchise taxes payable	(6,400)	6,400
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities	(763,502)	836,067
Cash flows from investing activities
Acquisition of property and equipment	(5,771)	(840)
Payments received on notes receivable	1,719	3,411
Increase in notes receivable	-	(2,500)
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	(4,052)	71
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents	(767,554)	836,138
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of the year	2,731,510	1,895,372
Cash and cash equivalents, end of the year	$1,963,956	$2,731,510
Supplemental cash flow Information
Interest paid	$-	$-
Franchise taxes paid	$7,200	$800

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements

20

INFORMATION ANALYSIS INCORPORATED

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1.            

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Operations

Information Analysis Incorporated (“the Company”) was incorporated under the corporate laws of the Commonwealth of Virginia in 1979 to develop and market computer applications software systems, programming services, and related software products and automation systems. The Company provides services to customers throughout the United States, with a concentration in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect certain reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results can, and in many cases will, differ from those estimates.

Revenue Recognition

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) (“ASU 2014-09”). The Company adopted ASU 2014-09 and its related amendments (collectively known as “ASC 606”) effective January 1, 2018, by applying the modified retrospective transition method to all of the Company's contracts. Comparative information has not been restated and continues to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for the periods presented. Based on the results of the Company's evaluation, the adoption of ASC 606 did not have a material impact on its revenue recognition policies. In addition, the adoption of ASC 606 did not have a material impact on our financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017. Additionally, the cumulative effect to the opening balance sheet on January 1, 2018, from the adoption of ASC 606 was not material.See Note 2 for a detailed description of revenue recognition under ASC 606.

Segment Reporting

The Company has concluded that it operates in one business segment, providing products and services to modernize client information systems.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with maturities of ninety days or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents. Deposits are maintained with a federally insured bank. Balances at times exceed federally insured limits, but management does not consider this to be a significant concentration of credit risk.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable consist of trade accounts receivable and do not bear interest. The Company typically does not require collateral from its customers. The allowance for doubtful accounts is the Company’s best estimate of the amount of probable credit losses in the Company’s existing accounts receivable. The Company reviews its allowance for doubtful accounts monthly. Accounts with receivable balances past due over 90 days are reviewed individually for collectability. Account balances are charged off against the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote. The Company does not have any off-balance sheet credit exposure related to its customers. No allowance for doubtful accounts has been recorded at December 31, 2018 and 2017. Prompt payment discounts offered and expected to be taken by customers in conjunction with orders received under the Company’s GSA Schedule are reflected as a reduction in the Company’s accounts receivable.

21

Notes Receivable

The Company had an outstanding note receivable and accrued interest from one non-officer employee at December 31, 2017. It bore interest at 3.5% and was repaid in full in2018.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost and are depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Furniture and fixtures are depreciated over the lesser of the useful life or five years, off-the-shelf software is depreciated over the lesser of three years or the term of the license, custom software is depreciated over the least of five years, the useful life, or the term of the license, and computer equipment is depreciated over three years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the estimated term of the lease or the estimated life of the improvement, whichever is shorter. Maintenance and minor repairs are charged to operations as incurred. Gains and losses on dispositions are recorded in operations.

Stock-Based Compensation

At December 31, 2018, the Company had the stock-based compensation plans described in Note 10 below. Total compensation expense related to these plans was $29,600 and $15,044 for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Company estimates the fair value of options granted using a Black-Scholes valuation model to establish the expense. When stock-based compensation is awarded to employees, the expense is recognized ratably over the vesting period. When stock-based compensation is awarded to non-employees, the expense is recognized over the period of performance.

Income Taxes

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are computed based on the difference between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities and are measured by applying enacted tax rates and laws for the taxable years in which those differences are expected to reverse. In addition, a valuation allowance is required to be recognized if it is believed more likely than not that a deferred tax asset will not be fully realized. Authoritative guidance prescribes a recognition threshold of more likely than not, and a measurement attribute for all tax positions taken or expected to be taken on a tax return, in order for those positions to be recognized in the financial statements. The Company continually reviews tax laws, regulations and related guidance in order to properly record any uncertain tax liabilities.

In December 2017, the U.S. government enacted comprehensive tax legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the "Tax Act").  The Tax Act makes broad and complex changes to the U.S. tax code, including, but not limited to: (i) reducing the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 35 percent to 21 percent; (ii) eliminating the corporate alternative minimum tax (“AMT”) and changing how existing AMT credits can be realized; (iii) creating a new limitation on deductible interest expense;(iv) changing rules related to uses and limitations of net operating carryforwards created in tax years beginning after December 31, 2017; and (v) changing the U.S. federal taxation of earnings of foreign subsidiaries.

As a result, the Company experienced a reduction of approximately $1,870,800 of the deferred tax assets related to net operating losses and other deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2017. Such reduction was offset by a change in the Company’s valuation allowance.

(Loss) Earnings Per Share

The Company’s (loss) earnings per share calculations are based upon the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding. The dilutive effect of stock options, warrants and other equity instruments are included for purposes of calculating diluted earnings per share, except for periods when the Company reports a net loss, in which case the inclusion of such equity instruments would be antidilutive. 452,724 shares representing the dilutive effect of stock options were excluded from diluted loss per share for the year ended December 31, 2018, due to the net loss reported for the period. 381,818 shares representing the dilutive effect of stock options were included in diluted earnings per share for the year ended December 31, 2017.

22

Concentration of Credit Risk

During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company's prime contracts with U.S. government agencies represented 68.8% of revenue, subcontracts under federal procurements represented 26.5% of revenue, 4.7% of revenue came from commercial contracts, and less than 0.05% of revenue came from state and local government contracts. The terms of these contracts and subcontracts vary from single transactions to five years. Within this group of prime contracts with U.S. government agencies, two individual contracts represented 20.5% and 12.4% of revenue, respectively. One subcontract under a federal procurement represented 22.1% of revenue.

In the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company's prime contracts with U.S. government agencies represented 70.9% of revenue, subcontracts under federal procurements represented 23.2% of revenue, and 5.9% of revenue came from commercial contracts. The terms of these contracts and subcontracts vary from single transactions to five years. Within this group of prime contracts with U.S. government agencies, three individual contracts represented 15.8%, 12.4%, and 8.1% of revenue, respectively. One subcontract under a federal procurement represented 18.8% of revenue.

The Company sold third-party software and maintenance contracts under agreements with one major supplier in 2018 and 2017, accounting for 50.0% and 52.7% of total revenue, respectively.

At December 31, 2018, the Company’s accounts receivable included receivables from prime contracts with two U.S. government agencies that represented 16.6% and 16.3% of the Company’s outstanding accounts receivable, respectively, and receivables from one subcontract under a federal procurement that represented 44.3% of the Company’s outstanding accounts receivable.

At December 31, 2017, the Company’s accounts receivable included receivables from prime contracts with one U.S. government agency that represented 17.8% of the Company’s outstanding accounts receivable, and receivables from two subcontracts under federal procurements that represented 35.2% and 10.6% of the Company’s outstanding accounts receivable, respectively.

23

Related Party Transactions

The Company’s Director of Human Resources is the spouse of the Senior Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of the Company. During the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, she received wages and paid leave distributions totaling $148,932 and $136,705, respectively, as an employee of the Company.

A member of the Company's Board of Directors currently serves as president of an information technology and professional services firm which serves the federal government and commercial markets. Revenues generated from doing business with this company totaled $0 and $14,271 during the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases: Topic 842,” which provided updated guidance on lease accounting. ASU 2016-02 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within that annual period, with early adoption permitted. Adoption of this new standard will not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements. When adopted effective January 1, 2019, the Company’s operating lease for office space will be presented as a right-of-use asset and as an offsetting liability for the present value of the contractual cash flows. The Company does not currently have any other material lease obligations.

2.            

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

Revenue is recognized when all of the following steps have been taken and criteria met for each contract:

●

Identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer - A contract with a customer exists when (i) the Company enters into an enforceable contract with a customer that defines each party’s rights regarding the goods or services to be transferred and identifies the payment terms related to these goods or services, (ii) the contract has commercial substance and the parties are committed to perform and, (iii) it determines that collection of substantially all consideration to which the Company will be entitled in exchange for goods or services that will be transferred is probable based on the customer’s intent and ability to pay the promised consideration.

●

Identification of the performance obligations in the contract - Performance obligations promised in a contract are identified based on the goods or services that will be transferred to the customer that are both capable of being distinct, whereby the customer can benefit from the goods or service either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available from third parties or from the Company, and are distinct in the context of the contract, whereby the transfer of the goods or services is separately identifiable from other promises in the contract. To the extent a contract includes multiple promised goods or services, the Company applies judgment to determine whether promised goods or services are capable of being distinct and distinct in the context of the contract. If these criteria are not met, the promised goods or services are accounted for as a combined performance obligation.

●

Determination of the transaction price - The transaction price is determined based on the consideration to which the Company will be entitled in exchange for transferring goods or services to the customer adjusted for estimated variable consideration, if any. The Company typically estimates the transaction price impact of discounts offered to the customers for early payments on receivables or rebates based on sales target achievements. Constraints are applied when estimating variable considerations based on historical experience where applicable.

●

Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract - If the contract contains a single performance obligation, the entire transaction price is allocated to the single performance obligation. Contracts that contain multiple performance obligations require an allocation of the transaction price to each performance obligation based on a relative standalone selling price basis. The Company determines standalone selling price by taking into account available information such as historical selling prices of the performance obligation, geographic location, overall strategic pricing objective, market conditions and internally approved pricing guidelines related to the performance obligations.

24

●

Recognition of revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies performance obligations - The Company satisfies performance obligations either over time or at a point in time as discussed in further detail below. Revenue is recognized at or over the time the related performance obligation is satisfied by transferring a promised good or service to a customer.

Nature of Products and Services

  The Company generates revenue from the sales of information technology professional services, sales of third-party software licenses and implementation and training services, sales of third-party support and maintenance contracts based on those software products, and incentive payments received from third-party software suppliers for facilitating sales directly between that supplier and a customer introduced by the Company. The Company sells through its direct relationships with end customers and under subcontractor arrangements. The Company accounts for its performance obligations in accordance with ASC 606, and all related interpretations.

Professional services are offered through several arrangements – through time and materials arrangements, fixed-price-per-unit arrangements, fixed-price arrangements, or combinations of these arrangements within individual contracts. Revenue under time and materials arrangements is recognized over time in the period the hours are worked or the expenses are incurred, as control of the benefits of the work is deemed to have passed to the customer as the work is performed. Revenue under fixed-price-per-unit arrangements is recognized at a point in time when delivery of units have occurred and units are accepted by the customer or are reasonably expected to be accepted. Generally, revenue under fixed-price arrangements and mixed arrangements is recognized either over time or at a point in time based on the allocation of transaction pricing to each identified performance obligation as control of each is transferred to the customer. For fixed-price arrangements for which the Company is paid a fixed fee to make itself available to support a customer, with no predetermined deliverables to which transaction prices can be estimated or allocated, revenue is recognized ratably over time.

Third-party software licenses are classified as enterprise server-based software licenses or desktop software licenses, and desktop licenses are further classified by the type of customer and whether the licenses are bulk licenses or individual licenses. The Company's obligations as the seller for each class differ based on its reseller agreements and whether its customers are government or non-government customers. Revenue from enterprise server-based sales to either government or non-government customers is usually recognized in full at a point in time based on when the customer gains use of the full benefit of the licenses, after the licenses are implemented. If the transaction prices of the performance obligations related to implementation and customer support for the individual contract is material, these obligations are recognized separately over time, as performed. Revenue for desktop software licenses for government customers is usually recognized in full at a point in time, based on when the customer’s administrative contact gains training in and beneficial use of the administrative portal. If the transaction prices of the performance obligations related to implementing the government administrator’s use of the administrative portal and administrator support for the individual contract are material (rare), these obligations are recognized separately over time, as performed. Revenue for bulk desktop software licenses for non-government customers is usually recognized in full at a point in time, based on when the customer’s administrative contact gains training in and beneficial use of the administrative portal. For desktop software licenses sold on an individual license basis to non-government customers, where the Company has no obligation to the customer after the third-party makes delivery of the licenses, the Company has determined it is acting as an agent, and the Company recognizes revenue upon delivery of the licenses only for the net of the selling price and its contract costs.

Third-party support and maintenance contracts for enterprise server-based software include a performance obligation under the Company's reseller agreements for it to be the first line of support (direct support) and second line of support (intermediary between customer and manufacturer) to the customer. Because of the support performance obligations, and because the amount of support is not estimable, the Company recognizes revenue ratably over time as it makes itself available to provide the support.

25

Incentive payments are received under reseller agreements with software manufacturers and suppliers where the Company introduces and court a customer, but the sale occurs directly between the customer and the supplier or between the customer and the manufacturer. Since the transfer of control of the licenses cannot be measured from outside of these transactions, revenue is recognized when payment from the manufacturer or supplier is received.

Disaggregation of Revenue from Contracts with Customers

Contract	Year ended 12/31/2018		Year ended 12/31/2017
Type	Amount	Percentage	Amount	Percentage
Services Time & Materials	$3,010,891	33.7%	$3,296,721	31.0%
Services Fixed Price	1,103,828	12.4%	1,315,135	12.4%
Services Combination	207,942	2.3%	341,136	3.2%
Services Fixed Price per Unit	69,650	0.8%	50,916	0.5%
Third‐Party Software	3,897,421	43.6%	4,081,171	38.3%
Software Support & Maintenance	589,975	6.6%	1,508,113	14.2%
Incentive Payments	54,068	0.6%	47,411	0.4%
Total Revenue	$8,933,775		$10,640,603

Contract Balances

Accounts Receivable

Trade accounts receivable are recorded at the billable amount where the Company has the unconditional right to bill, net of allowances for doubtful accounts. The allowance for doubtful accounts is based on the Company's assessment of the collectability of accounts. Management regularly reviews the adequacy of the allowance for doubtful accounts by considering the age of each outstanding invoice, each customer's expected ability to pay and collection history, when applicable, to determine whether a specific allowance is appropriate. Accounts receivable deemed uncollectible are charged against the allowance for doubtful accounts when identified.

26

Contract Assets

Contract assets consist of assets typically resulting when revenue recognized exceeds the amount billed or billable to the customer due to allocation of transaction price. Contract assets balances were $0 and $5,532 as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Contract Liabilities

Contract liabilities, to which the Company formerly referred as deferred revenue, consist of amounts that have been invoiced and for which the Company has the right to bill, but that have not been recognized as revenue because the related goods or services have not been transferred. Contract liabilities balances were $318,552 and $387,002 at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Costs to Obtain or Fulfill a Contract

When applicable,  the Company recognizes an asset related to the costs incurred to obtain a contract only if it expects to recover those costs and it would not have incurred those costs if the contract had not been obtained.  The Company recognizes an asset from the costs incurred to fulfill a contract if the costs (i) are specifically identifiable to a contract, (ii) enhance resources that will be used in satisfying performance obligations in future and (iii) are expected to be recovered. There were $3,480 and $3,480 of such assets at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. These costs are amortized ratably over the periods of the contracts to which those costs apply.

Financing Components

In instances where the timing of revenue recognition differs from the timing of invoicing,  the Company has determined its contracts do not include a significant financing component. The primary purpose of  the Company's invoicing terms is to provide customers with simplified and predictable ways of purchasing its products and services, not to receive financing from its customers or to provide customers with financing. Examples include invoicing at the beginning of a software support and maintenance term with revenue recognized ratably over the contract period.

Deferred Costs of Revenue

Deferred costs of revenue consist of the costs of third-party support and maintenance contracts for enterprise server-based software. These costs are reported under the prepaid expenses caption on  the Company's balance sheets.  The Company recognizes these direct costs ratably over time as it makes itself available to provide its performance obligation for software support, commensurate with its recognition of revenue. Deferred costs of revenue balances included in prepaid expenses were $294,115 and $300,558 at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

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3.            

Receivables

Accounts receivable at December 31, 2018 and 2017, consist of the following:

	2018	2017
Billed federal government	$612,679	$560,942
Billed commercial and other	40,160	49,240
Total billed	652,839	610,182
Contract assets	-	5,532
Allowance for doubtful accounts	-	-
Accounts receivable, net	$652,839	$615,714

Billed receivables from the federal government include amounts due from both prime contracts and subcontracts where the federal government is the end customer. Contract assets are unbilled receivables for services provided through the balance sheet date that are expected to be billed and collected within one year.

4.            

Fair Value Measurements

The Company defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The standard describes a fair value hierarchy based on three levels of inputs, of which the first two are considered observable and the last unobservable, that may be used to measure fair value which are the following:

●

Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

●

Level 2—Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities; and

●

Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

The following table represents the fair value hierarchy for  the Company 's financial assets (cash equivalents) measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2018 and 2017:

 

	Level 1	Level 2	Level 3
December 31, 2018
Money market funds	$1,706,376	$-	$-
Total	$1,706,376	$-	$-
December 31, 2017
Money market funds	$2,120,269	$-	$-
Total	$2,120,269	$-	$-

Money market funds are highly liquid investments. The pricing information on these investment instruments are readily available and can be independently validated as of the measurement date. This approach results in the classification of these securities as Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.

The carrying amount of financial instruments such as accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued liabilities approximate the related fair value due to the short-term maturities of these instruments.

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5.            

Property and Equipment

A summary of property and equipment at December 31, 2018 and 2017, consist of the following:

	2018	2017
Furniture and equipment	$75,747	$75,747
Computer equipment and software	219,010	213,239
Leasehold improvements	6,814	6,814
Subtotal	301,571	295,800
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization	(294,424)	(284,667)
Total	$7,147	$11,133

Depreciation and amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, was $9,757 and $16,905, respectively.

6.            

Revolving Line of Credit

On December 20, 2005, the Company entered into a revolving line of credit agreement with TD Bank providing for demand or short-term borrowings up to $1,000,000. The credit agreement includes an interest rate indexed to 3.00% above the Intercontinental Exchange Benchmark Administration Ltd. London Interbank Offered Rate. The line of credit will expire on May 31, 2020. The total amount allowed to be drawn against the line is limited by varying percentages of the Company’s eligible accounts receivable. At December 31, 2018, the limit would have been approximately $550,000. The bank is granted a security interest in all of the Company’s assets if there are borrowings under the line of credit. Interest on outstanding balances is payable monthly. The effective rate at December 31, 2018 was 5.479%. At December 31, 2017, the effective rate was 4.511%.

The bank has a first priority security interest in the Company’s receivables and a direct assignment of its U.S. federal government contracts. Under the line of credit agreement, the Company is bound by certain covenants, including maintaining a minimum tangible net worth and producing a number of periodic financial reports for the benefit of the bank. There was no outstanding balance on the line of credit at December 31, 2018 or 2017.

7.            

Commitments and Contingencies

Operating Leases

The Company leases its facility under a long-term operating lease agreement through May 2021. Rent expense was $104,487 and $103,007 for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

29

The future minimum rental payments to be made under long-term operating leases are as follows:

Year ending December 31,:	2019	$106,617
	2020	109,816
	2021	55,719
Total minimum rent payments		$272,152

The above minimum lease payments reflect the base rent under the lease agreements. However, these base rents can be adjusted each year to reflect the Company’s proportionate share of increases in the building’s operating costs and the Company’s proportionate share of real estate tax increases on the leased property.

8.            

Income Taxes

The tax effects of significant temporary differences representing deferred tax assets at

December 31, 2018 and 2017 are as follows:

	2018	2017
Deferred tax assets (liabilities)
Net operating loss carryforwards	$1,934,300	$3,889,200
Accrued commissions	102,600	154,400
Accrued vacation	24,500	29,400
Fixed assets	(24,100)	(25,500)
Other	6,400	6,000
Subtotal	2,043,700	4,053,500
Valuation allowance	(2,043,700)	(4,053,500)
Total	$-	$-

The provision for income taxes is at an effective rate different from the federal statutory rate due principally to the following:

	December 31,
	2018	2017
(Loss) income before taxes	$(51,034)	$246,462
Income tax (benefit) expense on above
amount at federal statutory rate	$(10,700)	$83,800
State income tax (benefit) expense, net of
federal (benefit) expense	(2,600)	9,900
Permanent differences	8,600	7,500
Other	(1,900)	5,800
NOL Expirations	2,015,100	-
Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017	-	1,870,800
Change in valuation allowance	(2,008,500)	(1,977,800)
Provision for income taxes	$-	$-

30

Income tax expense for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 consists of the following:

	December 31,
Current income taxes	2018	2017
Federal	$-	$16,300
State	-	2,400
Benefit from utilization of net operating losses	-	(18,700)
Subtotal	-	-
Deferred taxes	-	-
Provision for income taxes	$-	$-

The Company has recorded a valuation allowance to the full extent of its currently available net deferred tax assets which the Company determined to be not more-likely-than-not realizable. The Company has net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $7.4 million, which expire, if unused, between the years 2019 and 2036.

The Company may have been deemed to have experienced changes in ownership which may impose limitations on its ability to utilize net operating loss carryforwards under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code. However, as the deferred tax asset is fully offset by a valuation allowance, the Company has not yet conducted a Section 382 study to determine the extent of any such limitations.

The Company has analyzed its income tax positions using the criteria required by U.S. GAAP and concluded that as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, it has no material uncertain tax positions and no interest or penalties have been accrued. The Company has elected to recognize any estimated penalties and interest on its income tax liabilities as a component of its provision for income taxes.

The income tax returns of the Company for 2015, 2016, and 2017 are subject to examination by income taxing authorities, generally for three years after each was filed.

9.            

Retirement Plans

The Company has a Cash or Deferred Arrangement Agreement, which satisfies the requirements of Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. This defined contribution retirement plan covers substantially all employees. Participants can elect to have up to the maximum percentage allowable of their salaries reduced and contributed to the plan. The Company may make matching contributions equal to a discretionary percentage of the participants’ elective deferrals. In 2018 and 2017, the Company matched 25% of the first 6% of the participants’ elective deferrals. The balance of funds forfeited by former employees from unvested employer matching contribution accounts may be used to offset current and future employer matching contributions. The Company may also make additional contributions to all eligible employees at its discretion. The Company did not make additional contributions during 2018 or 2017. Expenses for matching contributions for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 were $30,599 and $31,116, respectively.

10.            

Stock Options and Warrants

The Company has two stock-based compensation plans. The 2006 Stock Incentive Plan was adopted in 2006 (“2006 Plan”) and had options granted under it through April 12, 2016. On June 1, 2016, the shareholders ratified the IAI 2016 Stock Incentive Plan (“2016 Plan”), which had been approved by the Board of Directors on April 4, 2016.

31

The Company recognizes compensation costs for those shares expected to vest on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the awards. Generally such options vest over periods of six months to two years. The fair values of option awards granted in 2018 and 2017 were estimated using the Black-Sholes option pricing model under the following assumptions:

	2018	2017
Risk-free interest rate	2.65% - 2.92%	1.87% - 2.06%
Dividend yield	0%	0%
Expected term	5 years	5 years
Expected volatility	49.0% - 55.1%	44.6% - 47.0%

2016 Stock Incentive Plan

The 2016 Plan became effective June 1, 2016, and expires April 4, 2026. The 2016 Plan provided for the granting of equity awards to key employees, including officers and directors. The maximum number of shares for which equity awards may be granted under the 2016 Plan is 1,000,000. Options under the 2016 Plan expire no later than ten years from the date of grant or when employment ceases, whichever comes first, and vest over periods determined by the Board of Directors. The minimum exercise price of each option is the quoted market price of the Company’s stock on the date of grant. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, there were 373,000 and 222,000 options, respectively, issued under the 2016 Plan, of which 224,500 and 0 were exercisable, respectively.

2006 Stock Incentive Plan

The 2006 Plan became effective May 18, 2006, and expired April 12, 2016. The 2006 Plan provides for the granting of equity awards to key employees, including officers and directors. The maximum number of shares for which equity awards could be granted under the 2006 Plan was 1,950,000. Options under the 2006 Plan expire no later than ten years from the date of grant or when employment ceases, whichever comes first, and vested over periods determined by the Board of Directors. There were 1,003,500 and 1,056,000 unexpired exercisable options remaining from the 2006 Plan at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

The status of the options issued under the foregoing option plans as of December 31, 2018, and changes during the year ended December 31, 2018, was as follows:

	Options outstanding
		Weighted average	Weighted average	Aggregate
		exercise price	remaining	intrinsic
Incentive options	Shares	per share	contractual term	value
Outstanding at December 31, 2017	1,288,000	$0.18
Options granted	166,000	0.44
Options exercised	-	-
Options expired	(62,500)	0.31
Options forfeited	(15,000)	0.46
Outstanding at December 31, 2018	1,376,500	$0.23	4 years, 10 months	$1,145
Exercisable at December 31, 2018	1,228,000	$0.21	4 years, 3 months	$1,145

Nonvested stock option awards as of December 31, 2018, and changes during the year ended December 31, 2018, were as follows:

	Nonvested
		Weighted average
		grant date
	Shares	fair value
Nonvested at January 1, 2018	232,000	$0.10
Granted	166,000	0.20
Vested	(234,500)	0.10
Forfeited	(15,000)	0.21
Nonvested at December 31, 2018	148,500	$0.20

As of December 31, 2018, unrecognized compensation cost associated with non-vested share-based employee and non-employee compensation totaled $7,533, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 5 months.

32

11.            

(Loss) Earnings Per Share

Basic (loss) earnings per share excludes dilution and is computed by dividing income available to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings per share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock, except for periods when the Company reports a net loss because the inclusion of such items would be antidilutive.

The following is a reconciliation of the amounts used in calculating basic and diluted net (loss) income per common share.

	Net (loss)		Per share
	income	Shares	amount
Basic net loss per common share for the
year ended December 31, 2018:
Income available to common shareholders	$(51,034)	11,201,760	$-
Effect of dilutive stock options	-	-	-
Diluted net loss per common share for the
year ended December 31, 2018:	$(51,034)	11,201,760	$-
Basic net income per common share for the
year ended December 31, 2017:
Income available to common shareholders	$246,462	11,201,760	$0.02
Effect of dilutive stock options	-	381,818	-
Diluted net income per common share for the
year ended December 31, 2017:	$246,462	11,583,578	$0.02

12.            

Financial Statement Captions

The following table summarizes the Company’s prepaid expenses and other current assets as of December 31, 2018 and 2017:

	2018	2017
Deferred costs of software sales	$294,115	$300,558
Other	37,609	29,642
Credit with software supplier	37,557	-
Prepaid insurance	15,499	14,500
Prepaid rent	8,753	8,499
ISO 9001	-	15,427
Total	$393,533	$368,626

The following table summarizes the Company’s other current liabilities as of December 31, 2018 and 2017:

	2018	2017
Accrued accounting and auditing expense	$48,750	$49,500
Accrued costs of software sales	13,500	337,560
Other	19,235	24,427
Total	$81,485	$411,487

33

Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosures

During the last two years, for which financial statements are presented herein, there have been no changes in or disagreements with our independent registered accountants on accounting and financial disclosures.

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Office and Chief Financial Officer, and people performing similar functions, has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act), as of the end of the period reported in this annual report (the “Evaluation Date”). Based upon this evaluation, our Chief Executive Office and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of the Evaluation Date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act was recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms and that such information required to be disclosed was accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended December 31, 2018 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of the Evaluation Date, based on the criteria for effective internal control described in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on its assessment, management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of the Evaluation Date.

This Annual Report does not include an attestation report of our independent registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report was not subject to attestation by our independent registered public accounting firm.

This report shall not be deemed to be filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section, and is not incorporated by reference into any filing of Information Analysis Incorporated, whether made before or after the date hereof, regardless of any general incorporation language in such filing.

Item 9B. Other Information

None.

34

PART III

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

(The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference from the corresponding sections and subsections of our Definitive Proxy Statement to be filed pursuant to Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act with respect to our 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.)

Item 11. Executive Compensation

(The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference from the corresponding sections and subsections of our Definitive Proxy Statement to be filed pursuant to Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act with respect to our 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.)

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

(The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference from the corresponding sections and subsections of our Definitive Proxy Statement to be filed pursuant to Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act with respect to our 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.)

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

(The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference from the corresponding sections and subsections of our Definitive Proxy Statement to be filed pursuant to Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act with respect to our 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.)

Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services

(The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference from the corresponding sections and subsections of our Definitive Proxy Statement to be filed pursuant to Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act with respect to our 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.)

35

PART IV

Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules

(a)

(1)                  Financial Statements

(as presented in Item 8 of this Annual Report)	Page
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm	16
Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2018 and 2017	17
Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017	18
Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017	19
Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017	20
Notes to Financial Statements	21

36

Signatures

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

INFORMATION ANALYSIS INCORPORATED
(Registrant)
By:	/s/ Sandor Rosenberg
	Sandor Rosenberg, President
	April 1, 2019

POWER OF ATTORNEY

KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Sandor Rosenberg and Richard S. DeRose, jointly and severally, his attorney-in-fact, each with the full power of substitution, for such person, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments to this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agent full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in connection therewith, as fully to all intents and purposes as he might do or could do in person hereby ratifying and confirming all that each of said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or his substitute, may do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signature	Title	Date
/s/  Sandor Rosenberg	Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer and President	April 1, 2019
Sandor Rosenberg
/s/  Mark T. Krial	Director	April 1, 2019
Mark T. Krial
/s/  Charles A. May	Director	April 1, 2019
Charles A. May
/s/  William Pickle	Director	April 1, 2019
William Pickle
/s/  Bonnie K. Wachtel	Director	April 1, 2019
Bonnie K. Wachtel
/s/  James D. Wester	Director	April 1, 2019
James D. Wester
/s/  Richard S. DeRose	Chief Financial Officer, Secretary and Treasurer	April 1, 2019
Richard S. DeRose
/s/  Matthew T. Sands	Director	April 1, 2019
Matthew T. Sands

37

Exhibit Index

Exhibit No.	Description	Location
3.1	Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation effective March 18, 1997	Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Form 10-KSB/A for the fiscal year ending December 31, 1996 and filed on July 3, 1997
3.2	Articles of Amendment to the Articles of Incorporation	Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Form 10-KSB/A for the fiscal year ending December 31, 1997 and filed on March 30, 1998
3.3	Amended By-Laws of the Company	Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Form S-18 dated November 20, 1986 (Commission File No. 33-9390).
4.1	Copy of Stock Certificate	Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Form 10-KSB/A for the fiscal year ending December 31, 1997 and filed on March 30, 1998
10.1	Office Lease for 18,280 square feet at 11240 Waples Mill Road, Fairfax, Virginia 22030.	Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Form 10-KSB/A for the fiscal year ending December 31, 1996 and filed on July 3, 1997
10.2	Company’s 401(k) Profit Sharing Plan through Aetna Life Insurance and Annuity Company (now ING).	Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Form 10-KSB/A for the fiscal year ending December 31, 1996 and filed on July 3, 1997
10.3	1996 Stock Option Plan	Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Form S-8 filed on June 25, 1996
10.4	Second Modification of Lease, dated February 10, 2004, to 4,434 square feet at 11240 Waples Mill Road, Fairfax, Virginia 22030	Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Form 10-KSB for the period ended December 31, 2003, and filed on March 30, 2004
10.5	Termination and/or change in control arrangement for Richard S. DeRose dated June 18, 1997	Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Form 10-KSB for the year ended December 31, 2004, and filed on March 30, 2005
10.6	Line of Credit Agreement with TD Bank, N.A. (formerly Commerce Bank, N.A.)	Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Form 10-KSB for the year ended December 31, 2005, and filed on March 31, 2006
10.7	Information Analysis Incorporated 2006 Stock Incentive Plan	Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s definitive proxy statement on Schedule 14A filed on April 19, 2006
10.8	Modification Agreement regarding Line of Credit Agreement with TD Bank, N.A., successor to Commerce Bank, N.A., dated July 18, 2008.	Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2008, and filed on March 31, 2009
10.9	Modification Agreement regarding Line of Credit Agreement with TD Bank, N.A., successor to Commerce Bank, N.A., dated December 29, 2009.	Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2009, and filed on March 31, 2010

38

Exhibit No.	Description	Location
10.10	Modification Agreement regarding Line of Credit Agreement with TD Bank, N.A., successor to Commerce Bank, N.A., dated November 30, 2012.	Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2012, and filed on March 29, 2013
10.11	Fifth Modification of Lease, dated February 6, 2013, to extend term of lease four years.	Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2012, and filed on March 29, 2013
10.12	Modification Agreement regarding Line of Credit Agreement with TD Bank, N.A., successor to Commerce Bank, N.A., dated November 26, 2013.	Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2013, and filed on March 31, 2014
10.13	Eighth Amendment to Loan Agreement regarding Line of Credit Agreement with TD Bank, N.A., successor to Commerce Bank, N.A., dated April 21, 2015.	Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2015, and filed on May 15, 2015
10.14	Modification Agreement regarding Line of Credit Agreement with TD Bank, N.A., successor to Commerce Bank, N.A., dated May 26, 2016.	Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2016, and filed on August 11, 2016
10.15	Sixth Modification of Lease, dated December 9, 2016, to extend term of lease four years.	Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, and filed on March 31, 2017
10.16	Modification Agreement regarding Line of Credit Agreement with TD Bank, N.A., successor to Commerce Bank, N.A., dated May 28, 2017.	Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2017, and filed on August 14, 2017
23.1	Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, CohnReznick LLP	Filed with this Form 10-K
31.1	Rule 13a-14(a) / 15a-14(a) Certification by Chief Executive Officer	Filed with this Form 10-K
31.2	Rule 13a-14(a) / 15a-14(a) Certification by Chief Financial Officer	Filed with this Form 10-K
32.1	Certification by Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002	Filed with this Form 10-K
32.2	Certification by Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002	Filed with this Form 10-K

39

EX-23

Exhibit 23.1

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statement on Form S-8 (No. 333-138836) of our report dated April 1, 2019, on our audits of the financial statements of Information Analysis Incorporated as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 and for the years then ended, included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Information Analysis Incorporated for the year ended December 31, 2018.

/s/ CohnReznick LLP

Tysons, Virginia

April 1, 2019

EX-31

EXHIBIT 31.1

RULE 13a-14(a) / 15d-14(a) Certification

I, Sandor Rosenberg, certify that:

1.

I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Information Analysis Incorporated;

2.

Based on my knowledge, this annual report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.

Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the small business issuer as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. 

The small business issuer's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the small business issuer and have:

(a) 

Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the small business issuer, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)

Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)

Evaluated the effectiveness of the small business issuer’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)

Disclosed in this report any change in the small business issuer's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the small business issuer's most recent fiscal quarter (the small business issuer's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the small business issuer's internal control over financial reporting; and

5. 

The small business issuer’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the small business issuer’s auditors and the audit committee of the small business issuer’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) 

all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the small business issuer’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)

any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the small business issuer’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: April 1, 2019	By:	/s/  Sandor Rosenberg
		Sandor Rosenberg, Chairman of the Board,
		Chief Executive Officer and President

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 302 has been provided to Information Analysis Incorporated and will be retained by Information Analysis Incorporated and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

EX-31

EXHIBIT 31.2

RULE 13a-14(a) / 15d-14(a) Certification

I, Richard S. DeRose, certify that:

1.

I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Information Analysis Incorporated;

2.

Based on my knowledge, this annual report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.

Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the small business issuer as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. 

The small business issuer's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the small business issuer and have:

(a) 

Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the small business issuer, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)

Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)

Evaluated the effectiveness of the small business issuer’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)

Disclosed in this report any change in the small business issuer's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the small business issuer's most recent fiscal quarter (the small business issuer's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the small business issuer's internal control over financial reporting; and

5. 

The small business issuer’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the small business issuer’s auditors and the audit committee of the small business issuer’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) 

all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the small business issuer’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)

any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the small business issuer’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: April 1, 2019	By:	/s/ Richard S. DeRose
		Richard S. DeRose, Executive Vice
		President, Treasurer, Chief Financial Officer

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 302 has been provided to Information Analysis Incorporated and will be retained by Information Analysis Incorporated and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906

OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (subsections (a) and (b) of Section 1350, Chapter 63 of Title 18, United States Code), I, Sandor Rosenberg, Chief Executive Officer of Information Analysis Incorporated, a Virginia corporation (the “Company”), do hereby certify, to the best of my knowledge, that:

1 

the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof, (the "Report") fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2 

the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and result of operations of the Company for the periods presented therein.

Date: April 1, 2019	By:	/s/  Sandor Rosenberg
		Sandor Rosenberg, Chairman of the Board,
		Chief Executive Officer and President

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to Information Analysis Incorporated and will be retained by Information Analysis Incorporated and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

EX-32

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906

OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (subsections (a) and (b) of Section 1350, Chapter 63 of Title 18, United States Code), I, Richard S. DeRose, Chief Financial Officer of Information Analysis Incorporated, a Virginia corporation (the “Company”), do hereby certify, to the best of my knowledge, that:

1 

the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof, (the "Report") fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2 

the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and result of operations of the Company for the periods presented therein.

Date: April 1, 2019	By:	/s/ Richard S. DeRose
		Richard S. DeRose, Executive Vice
		President, Treasurer, Chief Financial Officer

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to Information Analysis Incorporated and will be retained by Information Analysis Incorporated and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

XML

Document and Entity Information - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Mar. 28, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018
Document And Entity Information
Entity Registrant Name	INFORMATION ANALYSIS INC
Entity Central Index Key	0000803578
Document Type	10-K
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2018
Amendment Flag	false
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Is Entity a Well-known Seasoned Issuer?	No
Is Entity a Voluntary Filer?	No
Is Entity's Reporting Status Current?	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Public Float			$ 2,572,584
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		11,201,760
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2018

XML

BALANCE SHEETS (Unaudited) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 1,963,956	$ 2,731,510
Accounts receivable, net	652,839	610,182
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	393,533	368,626
Contract assets	0	5,532
Note receivable	0	1,719
Total current assets	3,010,328	3,717,569
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization of $294,424 and $284,667	7,147	11,133
Other assets	6,281	6,281
Total assets	3,023,756	3,734,983
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	25,294	47,658
Commissions payable	508,083	712,829
Contract liabilities	318,552	387,002
Accrued payroll and related liabilities	217,751	275,582
Other accrued liabilities	81,485	411,487
Franchise taxes payable	0	6,400
Total liabilities	1,151,165	1,840,958
Stockholders' equity:
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 30,000,000 shares authorized, 12,844,376 shares issued, 11,201,760 shares outstanding as of December 31, 2018 and 2017	128,443	128,443
Additional paid-in capital	14,676,006	14,646,406
Accumulated deficit	(12,001,647)	(11,950,613)
Treasury stock, 1,642,616 shares at cost at December 31, 2018 and 2017	(930,211)	(930,211)
Total stockholders' equity	1,872,591	1,894,025
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$ 3,023,756	$ 3,734,983

XML

BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Stockholders Equity
Common Stock shares par value	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common Stock shares authorized	30,000,000	30,000,000
Common Stock shares issued	12,844,376	12,844,376
Common Stock shares outstanding	11,201,760	11,201,760
Treasury Stock	1,642,616	1,642,616

XML

STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (Unaudited) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Revenues
Professional fees	$ 4,392,311	$ 5,003,908
Software sales	4,541,464	5,636,695
Total revenues	8,933,775	10,640,603
Cost of revenues
Cost of professional fees	2,380,670	2,723,501
Cost of software sales	4,410,267	5,501,673
Total cost of revenues	6,790,937	8,225,174
Gross profit	2,142,838	2,415,429
Selling, general and administrative expenses	1,745,320	1,673,762
Commission expense	459,863	503,893
(Loss) income from operations	(62,345)	237,774
Other income	11,311	8,688
(Loss) income before provision for income taxes	(51,034)	246,462
Provision for income taxes	0	0
Net (loss) income	(51,034)	246,462
Comprehensive (loss) income	$ (51,034)	$ 246,462
Net (loss) income per common share - basic	$ .00	$ 0.02
Net (loss) income per common share - diluted	$ .00	$ 0.02
Weighted average common shares outstanding
Basic	11,201,760	11,201,760
Diluted	11,201,760	11,583,578

XML

STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY - USD ($)	Common Stock	Additional Paid-In Capital	Accumulated Deficit	Treasury Stock	Total
Beginning Balance, Amount at Dec. 31, 2016	$ 128,443	$ 14,631,362	$ (12,197,075)	$ (930,211)	$ 1,632,519
Beginning Balance, Shares at Dec. 31, 2016	12,844,376
Net income (loss)			246,462		246,462
Stock option compensation		15,044			15,044
Ending Balance, Amount at Dec. 31, 2017	$ 128,443	14,646,406	(11,950,613)	(930,211)	1,894,025
Ending Balance, Shares at Dec. 31, 2017	12,844,376
Net income (loss)			(51,034)		(51,034)
Stock option compensation		29,600			29,600
Ending Balance, Amount at Dec. 31, 2018	$ 128,443	$ 14,676,006	$ (12,001,647)	$ (930,211)	$ 1,872,591
Ending Balance, Shares at Dec. 31, 2018	12,844,376

XML

STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net (loss) income	$ (51,034)	$ 246,462
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities
Depreciation and amortization	9,757	16,905
Stock option compensation	29,600	15,044
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
Accounts receivable	(37,125)	541,673
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	(24,907)	294,930
Accounts payable, accrued payroll and related liabilities, and other accrued liabilities	(410,197)	83,197
Deferred revenue	(68,450)	(228,033)
Commissions payable	(204,746)	(140,511)
Franchise taxes payable	(6,400)	6,400
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities	(763,502)	836,067
Cash flows from investing activities:
Acquisition of property and equipment	(5,771)	(840)
Payments received on note receivable - employee	1,719	3,411
Increase in notes receivable	0	(2,500)
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	(4,052)	71
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents	(767,554)	836,138
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of the period	2,731,510	1,895,372
Cash and cash equivalents, end of the period	1,963,956	2,731,510
Supplemental cash flow information
Interest paid	0	0
Franchise taxes paid	$ 7,200	$ 800

XML

1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Operations

Information Analysis Incorporated (“the Company”) was incorporated under the corporate laws of the Commonwealth of Virginia in 1979 to develop and market computer applications software systems, programming services, and related software products and automation systems. The Company provides services to customers throughout the United States, with a concentration in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect certain reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results can, and in many cases will, differ from those estimates.

Revenue Recognition

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) (“ASU 2014-09”). The Company adopted ASU 2014-09 and its related amendments (collectively known as “ASC 606”) effective January 1, 2018, by applying the modified retrospective transition method to all of the Company’s contracts. Comparative information has not been restated and continues to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for the periods presented. Based on the results of the Company’s evaluation, the adoption of ASC 606 did not have a material impact on its revenue recognition policies. In addition, the adoption of ASC 606 did not have a material impact on our financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017. Additionally, the cumulative effect to the opening balance sheet on January 1, 2018, from the adoption of ASC 606 was not material.See Note 2 for a detailed description of revenue recognition under ASC 606.

Segment Reporting

The Company has concluded that it operates in one business segment, providing products and services to modernize client information systems.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with maturities of ninety days or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents. Deposits are maintained with a federally insured bank. Balances at times exceed federally insured limits, but management does not consider this to be a significant concentration of credit risk.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable consist of trade accounts receivable and do not bear interest. The Company typically does not require collateral from its customers. The allowance for doubtful accounts is the Company’s best estimate of the amount of probable credit losses in the Company’s existing accounts receivable. The Company reviews its allowance for doubtful accounts monthly. Accounts with receivable balances past due over 90 days are reviewed individually for collectability. Account balances are charged off against the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote. The Company does not have any off-balance sheet credit exposure related to its customers. No allowance for doubtful accounts has been recorded at December 31, 2018 and 2017. Prompt payment discounts offered and expected to be taken by customers in conjunction with orders received under the Company’s GSA Schedule are reflected as a reduction in the Company’s accounts receivable.

Notes Receivable

The Company had an outstanding note receivable and accrued interest from one non-officer employee at December 31, 2017. It bore interest at 3.5% and was repaid in full in 2018.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost and are depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Furniture and fixtures are depreciated over the lesser of the useful life or five years, off-the-shelf software is depreciated over the lesser of three years or the term of the license, custom software is depreciated over the least of five years, the useful life, or the term of the license, and computer equipment is depreciated over three years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the estimated term of the lease or the estimated life of the improvement, whichever is shorter. Maintenance and minor repairs are charged to operations as incurred. Gains and losses on dispositions are recorded in operations.

Stock-Based Compensation

At December 31, 2018, the Company had the stock-based compensation plans described in Note 10 below. Total compensation expense related to these plans was $29,600 and $15,044 for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Company estimates the fair value of options granted using a Black-Scholes valuation model to establish the expense. When stock-based compensation is awarded to employees, the expense is recognized ratably over the vesting period. When stock-based compensation is awarded to non-employees, the expense is recognized over the period of performance.

Income Taxes

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are computed based on the difference between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities and are measured by applying enacted tax rates and laws for the taxable years in which those differences are expected to reverse. In addition, a valuation allowance is required to be recognized if it is believed more likely than not that a deferred tax asset will not be fully realized. Authoritative guidance prescribes a recognition threshold of more likely than not, and a measurement attribute for all tax positions taken or expected to be taken on a tax return, in order for those positions to be recognized in the financial statements. The Company continually reviews tax laws, regulations and related guidance in order to properly record any uncertain tax liabilities.

In December 2017, the U.S. government enacted comprehensive tax legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the "Tax Act").  The Tax Act makes broad and complex changes to the U.S. tax code, including, but not limited to: (i) reducing the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 35 percent to 21 percent; (ii) eliminating the corporate alternative minimum tax (“AMT”) and changing how existing AMT credits can be realized; (iii) creating a new limitation on deductible interest expense;(iv) changing rules related to uses and limitations of net operating carryforwards created in tax years beginning after December 31, 2017; and (v) changing the U.S. federal taxation of earnings of foreign subsidiaries.

As a result, the Company experienced a reduction of approximately $1,870,800 of the deferred tax assets related to net operating losses and other deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2017. Such reduction was offset by a change in the Company’s valuation allowance.

(Loss) Earnings Per Share

The Company’s (loss) earnings per share calculations are based upon the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding. The dilutive effect of stock options, warrants and other equity instruments are included for purposes of calculating diluted earnings per share, except for periods when the Company reports a net loss, in which case the inclusion of such equity instruments would be antidilutive. 452,724 shares representing the dilutive effect of stock options were excluded from diluted loss per share for the year ended December 31, 2018, due to the net loss reported for the period. 381,818 shares representing the dilutive effect of stock options were included in diluted earnings per share for the year ended December 31, 2017.

Concentration of Credit Risk

During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company’s prime contracts with U.S. government agencies represented 68.8% of revenue, subcontracts under federal procurements represented 26.5% of revenue, 4.7% of revenue came from commercial contracts, and less than 0.05% of revenue came from state and local government contracts. The terms of these contracts and subcontracts vary from single transactions to five years. Within this group of prime contracts with U.S. government agencies, two individual contracts represented 20.5% and 12.4% of revenue, respectively. One subcontract under a federal procurement represented 22.1% of revenue.

In the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company’s prime contracts with U.S. government agencies represented 70.9% of revenue, subcontracts under federal procurements represented 23.2% of revenue, and 5.9% of revenue came from commercial contracts. The terms of these contracts and subcontracts vary from single transactions to five years. Within this group of prime contracts with U.S. government agencies, three individual contracts represented 15.8%, 12.4%, and 8.1% of revenue, respectively. One subcontract under a federal procurement represented 18.8% of revenue.

The Company sold third-party software and maintenance contracts under agreements with one major supplier in 2018 and 2017, accounting for 50.0% and 52.7% of total revenue, respectively.

At December 31, 2018, the Company’s accounts receivable included receivables from prime contracts with two U.S. government agencies that represented 16.6% and 16.3% of the Company’s outstanding accounts receivable, respectively, and receivables from one subcontract under a federal procurement that represented 44.3% of the Company’s outstanding accounts receivable.

At December 31, 2017, the Company’s accounts receivable included receivables from prime contracts with one U.S. government agency that represented 17.8% of the Company’s outstanding accounts receivable, and receivables from two subcontracts under federal procurements that represented 35.2% and 10.6% of the Company’s outstanding accounts receivable, respectively.

Related Party Transactions

The Company’s Director of Human Resources is the spouse of the Senior Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of the Company. During the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, she received wages and paid leave distributions totaling $148,932 and $136,705, respectively, as an employee of the Company.

A member of the Company's Board of Directors currently serves as president of an information technology and professional services firm which serves the federal government and commercial markets. Revenues generated from doing business with this company totaled $0 and $14,271 during the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases: Topic 842,” which provided updated guidance on lease accounting. ASU 2016-02 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within that annual period, with early adoption permitted. Adoption of this new standard will not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements. When adopted effective January 1, 2019, the Company’s operating lease for office space will be presented as a right-of-use asset and as an offsetting liability for the present value of the contractual cash flows. The Company does not currently have any other material lease obligations.

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2. Revenue from Contracts with Customers

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

Revenue is recognized when all of the following steps have been taken and criteria met for each contract:

● Identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer - A contract with a customer exists when (i) the Company enter into an enforceable contract with a customer that defines each party’s rights regarding the goods or services to be transferred and identifies the payment terms related to these goods or services, (ii) the contract has commercial substance and the parties are committed to perform and, (iii) it determines that collection of substantially all consideration to which the Company will be entitled in exchange for goods or services that will be transferred is probable based on the customer’s intent and ability to pay the promised consideration.

● Identification of the performance obligations in the contract - Performance obligations promised in a contract are identified based on the goods or services that will be transferred to the customer that are both capable of being distinct, whereby the customer can benefit from the goods or service either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available from third parties or from the Company, and are distinct in the context of the contract, whereby the transfer of the goods or services is separately identifiable from other promises in the contract. To the extent a contract includes multiple promised goods or services, the Company applies judgment to determine whether promised goods or services are capable of being distinct and distinct in the context of the contract. If these criteria are not met, the promised goods or services are accounted for as a combined performance obligation.

● Determination of the transaction price - The transaction price is determined based on the consideration to which the Company will be entitled in exchange for transferring goods or services to the customer adjusted for estimated variable consideration, if any. The Company typically estimates the transaction price impact of discounts offered to the customers for early payments on receivables or rebates based on sales target achievements. Constraints are applied when estimating variable considerations based on historical experience where applicable.

● Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract - If the contract contains a single performance obligation, the entire transaction price is allocated to the single performance obligation. Contracts that contain multiple performance obligations require an allocation of the transaction price to each performance obligation based on a relative standalone selling price basis. The Company determine standalone selling price by taking into account available information such as historical selling prices of the performance obligation, geographic location, overall strategic pricing objective, market conditions and internally approved pricing guidelines related to the performance obligations.

● Recognition of revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies performance obligations - The Company satisfies performance obligations either over time or at a point in time as discussed in further detail below. Revenue is recognized at or over the time the related performance obligation is satisfied by transferring a promised good or service to a customer.

Nature of Products and Services

The Company generate revenue from the sales of information technology professional services, sales of third-party software licenses and implementation and training services, sales of third-party support and maintenance contracts based on those software products, and incentive payments received from third-party software suppliers for facilitating sales directly between that supplier and a customer introduced by the Company. The Company sells through its direct relationships with end customers and under subcontractor arrangements. The Company accounts for its performance obligations in accordance with ASC 606, and all related interpretations.

Professional services are offered through several arrangements – through time and materials arrangements, fixed-price-per-unit arrangements, fixed-price arrangements, or combinations of these arrangements within individual contracts. Revenue under time and materials arrangements is recognized over time in the period the hours are worked or the expenses are incurred, as control of the benefits of the work is deemed to have passed to the customer as the work is performed. Revenue under fixed-price-per-unit arrangements is recognized at a point in time when delivery of units have occurred and units are accepted by the customer or are reasonably expected to be accepted. Generally, revenue under fixed-price arrangements and mixed arrangements is recognized either over time or at a point in time based on the allocation of transaction pricing to each identified performance obligation as control of each is transferred to the customer. For fixed-price arrangements for which the Company is paid a fixed fee to make itself available to support a customer, with no predetermined deliverables to which transaction prices can be estimated or allocated, revenue is recognized ratably over time.

Third-party software licenses are classified as enterprise server-based software licenses or desktop software licenses, and desktop licenses are further classified by the type of customer and whether the licenses are bulk licenses or individual licenses. The Company’s obligations as the seller for each class differ based on its reseller agreements and whether our customers are government or non-government customers. Revenue from enterprise server-based sales to either government or non-government customers is usually recognized in full at a point in time based on when the customer gains use of the full benefit of the licenses, after the licenses are implemented. If the transaction prices of the performance obligations related to implementation and customer support for the individual contract is material, these obligations are recognized separately over time, as performed. Revenue for desktop software licenses for government customers is usually recognized in full at a point in time, based on when the customer’s administrative contact gains training in and beneficial use of the administrative portal. If the transaction prices of the performance obligations related to implementing the government administrator’s use of the administrative portal and administrator support for the individual contract are material (rare), these obligations are recognized separately over time, as performed. Revenue for bulk desktop software licenses for non-government customers is usually recognized in full at a point in time, based on when the customer’s administrative contact gains training in and beneficial use of the administrative portal. For desktop software licenses sold on an individual license basis to non-government customers, where the Company has no obligation to the customer after the third-party makes delivery of the licenses, the Company has determined it is acting as an agent, and the Company recognizes revenue upon delivery of the licenses only for the net of the selling price and its contract costs.

Third-party support and maintenance contracts for enterprise server-based software include a performance obligation under the Company’s reseller agreements for it to be the first line of support (direct support) and second line of support (intermediary between customer and manufacturer) to the customer. Because of the support performance obligations, and because the amount of support is not estimable, the Company recognizes revenue ratably over time as it makes itself available to provide the support.

Incentive payments are received under reseller agreements with software manufacturers and suppliers where the Company introduces and court a customer, but the sale occurs directly between the customer and the supplier or between the customer and the manufacturer. Since the transfer of control of the licenses cannot be measured from outside of these transactions, revenue is recognized when payment from the manufacturer or supplier is received.

Disaggregation of Revenue from Contracts with Customers

Contract	Year ended 12/31/2018					Year ended 12/31/2017
Type	Amount		Percentage			Amount		Percentage
Services Time & Materials	$	3,010,891		33.7	%	$	3,296,721		31.0	%
Services Fixed Price		1,103,828		12.4	%		1,315,135		12.4	%
Services Combination		207,942		2.3	%		341,136		3.2	%
Services Fixed Price per Unit		69,650		0.8	%		50,916		0.5	%
Third-Party Software		3,897,421		43.6	%		4,081,171		38.3	%
Software Support & Maintenance		589,975		6.6	%		1,508,113		14.2	%
Incentive Payments		54,068		0.6	%		47,411		0.4	%
Total Revenue	$	8,933,775				$	10,640,603

Contract Balances

Accounts Receivable

Trade accounts receivable are recorded at the billable amount where the Company has the unconditional right to bill, net of allowances for doubtful accounts. The allowance for doubtful accounts is based on the Company’s assessment of the collectability of accounts. Management regularly reviews the adequacy of the allowance for doubtful accounts by considering the age of each outstanding invoice, each customer's expected ability to pay and collection history, when applicable, to determine whether a specific allowance is appropriate. Accounts receivable deemed uncollectible are charged against the allowance for doubtful accounts when identified.

Contract Assets

Contract assets consist of assets typically resulting when revenue recognized exceeds the amount billed or billable to the customer due to allocation of transaction price. Contract assets balances were $0 and $5,532 as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Contract Liabilities

Contract liabilities, to which the Company formerly referred as deferred revenue, consist of amounts that have been invoiced and for which the Company has the right to bill, but that have not been recognized as revenue because the related goods or services have not been transferred. Contract liabilities balances were $318,552 and $387,002 at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Costs to Obtain or Fulfill a Contract

When applicable, the Company recognize an asset related to the costs incurred to obtain a contract only if we expect to recover those costs and it would not have incurred those costs if the contract had not been obtained. The Company recognizes an asset from the costs incurred to fulfill a contract if the costs (i) are specifically identifiable to a contract, (ii) enhance resources that will be used in satisfying performance obligations in future and (iii) are expected to be recovered. There were $3,480 and $3,480 of such assets at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. These costs are amortized ratably over the periods of the contracts to which those costs apply.

Financing Components

In instances where the timing of revenue recognition differs from the timing of invoicing, the Company has determined its contracts do not include a significant financing component. The primary purpose of the Company’s invoicing terms is to provide customers with simplified and predictable ways of purchasing its products and services, not to receive financing from its customers or to provide customers with financing. Examples include invoicing at the beginning of a software support and maintenance term with revenue recognized ratably over the contract period.

Deferred Costs of Revenue

Deferred costs of revenue consist of the costs of third-party support and maintenance contracts for enterprise server-based software. These costs are reported under the prepaid expenses caption on the Company’s balance sheets. The Company recognizes these direct costs ratably over time as it makes itself available to provide its performance obligation for software support, commensurate with its recognition of revenue. Deferred costs of revenue balances included in prepaid expenses were $294,115 and $300,558 at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

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3. Receivables

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Accounts Receivable, Net [Abstract]

Receivables

Accounts receivable at December 31, 2018 and 2017, consist of the following:

	2018		2017
Billed federal government	$	612,679	$	560,942
Billed commercial and other		40,160		49,240
Total billed		652,839		610,182
Contract assets		-		5,532
Allowance for doubtful accounts		-		-
Accounts receivable, net	$	652,839	$	615,714

Billed receivables from the federal government include amounts due from both prime contracts and subcontracts where the federal government is the end customer. Contract assets are unbilled receivables for services provided through the balance sheet date that are expected to be billed and collected within one year.

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4. Fair Value Measurements

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements

The Company defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The standard describes a fair value hierarchy based on three levels of inputs, of which the first two are considered observable and the last unobservable, that may be used to measure fair value which are the following:

● Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

● Level 2—Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities; and

● Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

The following table represents the fair value hierarchy for the Company’s financial assets (cash equivalents) measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2018 and 2017:

	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
December 31, 2018
Money market funds	$	1,706,376	$	-	$	-
Total	$	1,706,376	$	-	$	-
December 31, 2017
Money market funds	$	2,120,269	$	-	$	-
Total	$	2,120,269	$	-	$	-

Money market funds are highly liquid investments. The pricing information on these investment instruments are readily available and can be independently validated as of the measurement date. This approach results in the classification of these securities as Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.

The carrying amount of financial instruments such as accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued liabilities approximate the related fair value due to the short-term maturities of these instruments.

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5. Property and Equipment

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property and Equipment

A summary of property and equipment at December 31, 2018 and 2017, consist of the following:

	2018			2017
Furniture and equipment	$	75,747		$	75,747
Computer equipment and software		219,010			213,239
Leasehold improvements		6,814			6,814
Subtotal		301,571			295,800
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization		(294,424	)		(284,667	)
Total	$	7,147		$	11,133

Depreciation and amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, was $9,757 and $16,905, respectively.

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6. Revolving Line of Credit

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Line of Credit Facility [Abstract]

Revolving Line of Credit

On December 20, 2005, the Company entered into a revolving line of credit agreement with TD Bank providing for demand or short-term borrowings up to $1,000,000. The credit agreement includes an interest rate indexed to 3.00% above the Intercontinental Exchange Benchmark Administration Ltd. London Interbank Offered Rate. The line of credit will expire on May 31, 2020. The total amount allowed to be drawn against the line is limited by varying percentages of the Company’s eligible accounts receivable. At December 31, 2018, the limit would have been approximately $550,000. The bank is granted a security interest in all of the Company’s assets if there are borrowings under the line of credit. Interest on outstanding balances is payable monthly. The effective rate at December 31, 2018 was 5.479%. At December 31, 2017, the effective rate was 4.511%.

The bank has a first priority security interest in the Company’s receivables and a direct assignment of its U.S. federal government contracts. Under the line of credit agreement, the Company is bound by certain covenants, including maintaining a minimum tangible net worth and producing a number of periodic financial reports for the benefit of the bank. There was no outstanding balance on the line of credit at December 31, 2018 or 2017.

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7. Commitments and Contingencies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

Operating Leases

The Company leases its facility under a long-term operating lease agreement through May 2021. Rent expense was $104,487 and $103,007 for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

The future minimum rental payments to be made under long-term operating leases are as follows:

Year ending December 31:	2019	$	106,617
	2020		109,816
	2021		55,719
Total minimum rent payments		$	272,152

The above minimum lease payments reflect the base rent under the lease agreements. However, these base rents can be adjusted each year to reflect the Company’s proportionate share of increases in the building’s operating costs and the Company’s proportionate share of real estate tax increases on the leased property.

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8. Income Taxes

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

The tax effects of significant temporary differences representing deferred tax assets at December 31, 2018 and 2017 are as follows:

	2018			2017
Deferred tax assets (liabilities)
Net operating loss carryforwards	$	1,934,300		$	3,889,200
Accrued commissions		102,600			154,400
Accrued vacation		24,500			29,400
Fixed assets		(24,100	)		(25,500	)
Other		6,400			6,000
Subtotal		2,043,700			4,053,500
Valuation allowance		(2,043,700	)		(4,053,500	)
Total	$	-		$	-

The provision for income taxes is at an effective rate different from the federal statutory rate due principally to the following:

	December 31,
	2018			2017
(Loss) income before taxes	$	(51,034	)	$	246,462
Income tax (benefit) expense on above
amount at federal statutory rate	$	(10,700	)	$	83,800
State income tax (benefit) expense, net of
federal (benefit) expense		(2,600	)		9,900
Permanent differences		8,600			7,500
Other		(1,900	)		5,800
NOL Expirations		2,015,100			-
Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017		-			1,870,800
Change in valuation allowance		(2,008,500	)		(1,977,800	)
Provision for income taxes	$	-		$	-

Income tax expense for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 consists of the following:

	December 31,
Current income taxes	2018		2017
Federal	$	-	$	16,300
State		-		2,400
Benefit from utilization of net operating losses		-		(18,700	)
Subtotal		-		-
Deferred taxes		-		-
Provision for income taxes	$	-	$	-

The Company has recorded a valuation allowance to the full extent of its currently available net deferred tax assets which the Company determined to be not more-likely-than-not realizable. The Company has net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $7.4 million, which expire, if unused, between the years 2019 and 2036.

The Company may have been deemed to have experienced changes in ownership which may impose limitations on its ability to utilize net operating loss carryforwards under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code. However, as the deferred tax asset is fully offset by a valuation allowance, the Company has not yet conducted a Section 382 study to determine the extent of any such limitations.

The Company has analyzed its income tax positions using the criteria required by U.S. GAAP and concluded that as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, it has no material uncertain tax positions and no interest or penalties have been accrued. The Company has elected to recognize any estimated penalties and interest on its income tax liabilities as a component of its provision for income taxes.

The income tax returns of the Company for 2015, 2016, and 2017 are subject to examination by income taxing authorities, generally for three years after each was filed.

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9. Retirement Plans

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Retirement Plans

Retirement Plans

The Company has a Cash or Deferred Arrangement Agreement, which satisfies the requirements of Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. This defined contribution retirement plan covers substantially all employees. Participants can elect to have up to the maximum percentage allowable of their salaries reduced and contributed to the plan. The Company may make matching contributions equal to a discretionary percentage of the participants’ elective deferrals. In 2018 and 2017, the Company matched 25% of the first 6% of the participants’ elective deferrals. The balance of funds forfeited by former employees from unvested employer matching contribution accounts may be used to offset current and future employer matching contributions. The Company may also make additional contributions to all eligible employees at its discretion. The Company did not make additional contributions during 2018 or 2017. Expenses for matching contributions for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 were $30,599 and $31,116, respectively.

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10. Stock Options and Warrants

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Equity [Abstract]

Stock Options and Warrants

The Company has two stock-based compensation plans. The 2006 Stock Incentive Plan was adopted in 2006 (“2006 Plan”) and had options granted under it through April 12, 2016. On June 1, 2016, the shareholders ratified the IAI 2016 Stock Incentive Plan (“2016 Plan”), which had been approved by the Board of Directors on April 4, 2016.

The Company recognizes compensation costs for those shares expected to vest on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the awards. Generally such options vest over periods of six months to two years. The fair values of option awards granted in 2018 and 2017 were estimated using the Black-Sholes option pricing model under the following assumptions:

	2018	2017
Risk-free interest rate	2.65% - 2.92%	1.87% - 2.06%
Dividend yield	0%	0%
Expected term	5 years	5 years
Expected volatility	49.0% - 55.1%	44.6% - 47.0%

2016 Stock Incentive Plan

The 2016 Plan became effective June 1, 2016, and expires April 4, 2026. The 2016 Plan provided for the granting of equity awards to key employees, including officers and directors. The maximum number of shares for which equity awards may be granted under the 2016 Plan is 1,000,000. Options under the 2016 Plan expire no later than ten years from the date of grant or when employment ceases, whichever comes first, and vest over periods determined by the Board of Directors. The minimum exercise price of each option is the quoted market price of the Company’s stock on the date of grant. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, there were 373,000 and 222,000 options, respectively, issued under the 2016 Plan, of which 224,500 and 0 were exercisable, respectively.

2006 Stock Incentive Plan

The 2006 Plan became effective May 18, 2006, and expired April 12, 2016. The 2006 Plan provides for the granting of equity awards to key employees, including officers and directors. The maximum number of shares for which equity awards could be granted under the 2006 Plan was 1,950,000. Options under the 2006 Plan expire no later than ten years from the date of grant or when employment ceases, whichever comes first, and vested over periods determined by the Board of Directors. There were 1,003,500 and 1,056,000 unexpired exercisable options remaining from the 2006 Plan at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

The status of the options issued under the foregoing option plans as of December 31, 2018, and changes during the year ended December 31, 2018, was as follows:

	Options outstanding
				Weighted average	Weighted average		Aggregate
				exercise price	remaining		intrinsic
Incentive options	Shares			per share	contractual term		value
Outstanding at December 31, 2017	1,288,000		$	0.18
Options granted	166,000			0.44
Options exercised	-			-
Options expired	(62,500	)		0.31
Options forfeited	(15,000	)		0.46
Outstanding at December 31, 2018	1,376,500		$	0.23	4 years, 10 months	$	1,145
Exercisable at December 31, 2018	1,228,000		$	0.21	4 years, 3 months	$	1,145

Nonvested stock option awards as of December 31, 2018, and changes during the year ended December 31, 2018, were as follows:

	Nonvested
				Weighted average
				grant date
	Shares			fair value
Nonvested at January 1, 2018		232,000		$	0.10
Granted		166,000			0.20
Vested		(234,500	)		0.10
Forfeited		(15,000	)		0.21
Nonvested at December 31, 2018		148,500		$	0.20

As of December 31, 2018, unrecognized compensation cost associated with non-vested share-based employee and non-employee compensation totaled $7,533, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 5 months.

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11. (Loss) Earnings Per Share

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

(Loss) Earnings Per Share

Basic (loss) earnings per share excludes dilution and is computed by dividing income available to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings per share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock, except for periods when the Company reports a net loss because the inclusion of such items would be antidilutive.

The following is a reconciliation of the amounts used in calculating basic and diluted net (loss) income per common share.

	Net (loss)					Per share
	income			Shares		amount
Basic net loss per common share for the
year ended December 31, 2018:
Income available to common shareholders	$	(51,034	)		11,201,760	$	-
Effect of dilutive stock options		-			-		-
Diluted net loss per common share for the
year ended December 31, 2018:	$	(51,034	)		11,201,760	$	-
Basic net income per common share for the
year ended December 31, 2017:
Income available to common shareholders	$	246,462			11,201,760	$	0.02
Effect of dilutive stock options		-			381,818		-
Diluted net income per common share for the
year ended December 31, 2017:	$	246,462			11,583,578	$	0.02

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12. Financial Statement Captions

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Financial Statement Captions

Financial Statement Captions

The following table summarizes the Company’s prepaid expenses and other current assets as of December 31, 2018 and 2017:

	2018		2017
Deferred costs of software sales	$	294,115	$	300,558
Other		37,609		29,642
Credit with software supplier		37,557		-
Prepaid insurance		15,499		14,500
Prepaid rent		8,753		8,499
ISO 9001		-		15,427
Total	$	393,533	$	368,626

The following table summarizes the Company’s other current liabilities as of December 31, 2018 and 2017:

	2018		2017
Accrued accounting and auditing expense	$	48,750	$	49,500
Accrued costs of software sales		13,500		337,560
Other		19,235		24,427
Total	$	81,485	$	411,487

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1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Operations

Information Analysis Incorporated (“the Company”) was incorporated under the corporate laws of the Commonwealth of Virginia in 1979 to develop and market computer applications software systems, programming services, and related software products and automation systems. The Company provides services to customers throughout the United States, with a concentration in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect certain reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results can, and in many cases will, differ from those estimates.

Revenue Recognition

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) (“ASU 2014-09”). The Company adopted ASU 2014-09 and its related amendments (collectively known as “ASC 606”) effective January 1, 2018, by applying the modified retrospective transition method to all of the Company’s contracts. Comparative information has not been restated and continues to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for the periods presented. Based on the results of the Company’s evaluation, the adoption of ASC 606 did not have a material impact on its revenue recognition policies. In addition, the adoption of ASC 606 did not have a material impact on our financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017. Additionally, the cumulative effect to the opening balance sheet on January 1, 2018, from the adoption of ASC 606 was not material.See Note 2 for a detailed description of revenue recognition under ASC 606.

Segment Reporting

The Company has concluded that it operates in one business segment, providing products and services to modernize client information systems.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with maturities of ninety days or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents. Deposits are maintained with a federally insured bank. Balances at times exceed federally insured limits, but management does not consider this to be a significant concentration of credit risk.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable consist of trade accounts receivable and do not bear interest. The Company typically does not require collateral from its customers. The allowance for doubtful accounts is the Company’s best estimate of the amount of probable credit losses in the Company’s existing accounts receivable. The Company reviews its allowance for doubtful accounts monthly. Accounts with receivable balances past due over 90 days are reviewed individually for collectability. Account balances are charged off against the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote. The Company does not have any off-balance sheet credit exposure related to its customers. No allowance for doubtful accounts has been recorded at December 31, 2018 and 2017. Prompt payment discounts offered and expected to be taken by customers in conjunction with orders received under the Company’s GSA Schedule are reflected as a reduction in the Company’s accounts receivable.

Notes Receivable

The Company had an outstanding note receivable and accrued interest from one non-officer employee at December 31, 2017. It bore interest at 3.5% and was repaid in full in2018.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost and are depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Furniture and fixtures are depreciated over the lesser of the useful life or five years, off-the-shelf software is depreciated over the lesser of three years or the term of the license, custom software is depreciated over the least of five years, the useful life, or the term of the license, and computer equipment is depreciated over three years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the estimated term of the lease or the estimated life of the improvement, whichever is shorter. Maintenance and minor repairs are charged to operations as incurred. Gains and losses on dispositions are recorded in operations.

Stock based compensation

At December 31, 2018, the Company had the stock-based compensation plans described in Note 10 below. Total compensation expense related to these plans was $29,600 and $15,044 for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Company estimates the fair value of options granted using a Black-Scholes valuation model to establish the expense. When stock-based compensation is awarded to employees, the expense is recognized ratably over the vesting period. When stock-based compensation is awarded to non-employees, the expense is recognized over the period of performance.

Income Taxes

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are computed based on the difference between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities and are measured by applying enacted tax rates and laws for the taxable years in which those differences are expected to reverse. In addition, a valuation allowance is required to be recognized if it is believed more likely than not that a deferred tax asset will not be fully realized. Authoritative guidance prescribes a recognition threshold of more likely than not, and a measurement attribute for all tax positions taken or expected to be taken on a tax return, in order for those positions to be recognized in the financial statements. The Company continually reviews tax laws, regulations and related guidance in order to properly record any uncertain tax liabilities.

In December 2017, the U.S. government enacted comprehensive tax legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the "Tax Act").  The Tax Act makes broad and complex changes to the U.S. tax code, including, but not limited to: (i) reducing the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 35 percent to 21 percent; (ii) eliminating the corporate alternative minimum tax (“AMT”) and changing how existing AMT credits can be realized; (iii) creating a new limitation on deductible interest expense;(iv) changing rules related to uses and limitations of net operating carryforwards created in tax years beginning after December 31, 2017; and (v) changing the U.S. federal taxation of earnings of foreign subsidiaries.

As a result, the Company experienced a reduction of approximately $1,870,800 of the deferred tax assets related to net operating losses and other deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2017. Such reduction was offset by a change in the Company’s valuation allowance.

(Loss) Earnings Per Share

The Company’s (loss) earnings per share calculations are based upon the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding. The dilutive effect of stock options, warrants and other equity instruments are included for purposes of calculating diluted earnings per share, except for periods when the Company reports a net loss, in which case the inclusion of such equity instruments would be antidilutive. 452,724 shares representing the dilutive effect of stock options were excluded from diluted loss per share for the year ended December 31, 2018, due to the net loss reported for the period. 381,818 shares representing the dilutive effect of stock options were included in diluted earnings per share for the year ended December 31, 2017.

Concentration of Credit Risk

During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company’s prime contracts with U.S. government agencies represented 68.8% of revenue, subcontracts under federal procurements represented 26.5% of revenue, 4.7% of revenue came from commercial contracts, and less than 0.05% of revenue came from state and local government contracts. The terms of these contracts and subcontracts vary from single transactions to five years. Within this group of prime contracts with U.S. government agencies, two individual contracts represented 20.5% and 12.4% of revenue, respectively. One subcontract under a federal procurement represented 22.1% of revenue.

In the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company’s prime contracts with U.S. government agencies represented 70.9% of revenue, subcontracts under federal procurements represented 23.2% of revenue, and 5.9% of revenue came from commercial contracts. The terms of these contracts and subcontracts vary from single transactions to five years. Within this group of prime contracts with U.S. government agencies, three individual contracts represented 15.8%, 12.4%, and 8.1% of revenue, respectively. One subcontract under a federal procurement represented 18.8% of revenue.

The Company sold third-party software and maintenance contracts under agreements with one major supplier in 2018 and 2017, accounting for 50.0% and 52.7% of total revenue, respectively.

At December 31, 2018, the Company’s accounts receivable included receivables from prime contracts with two U.S. government agencies that represented 16.6% and 16.3% of the Company’s outstanding accounts receivable, respectively, and receivables from one subcontract under a federal procurement that represented 44.3% of the Company’s outstanding accounts receivable.

At December 31, 2017, the Company’s accounts receivable included receivables from prime contracts with one U.S. government agency that represented 17.8% of the Company’s outstanding accounts receivable, and receivables from two subcontracts under federal procurements that represented 35.2% and 10.6% of the Company’s outstanding accounts receivable, respectively.

Related Party Transactions

The Company’s Director of Human Resources is the spouse of the Senior Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of the Company. During the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, she received wages and paid leave distributions totaling $148,932 and $136,705, respectively, as an employee of the Company.

A member of the Company's Board of Directors currently serves as president of an information technology and professional services firm which serves the federal government and commercial markets. Revenues generated from doing business with this company totaled $0 and $14,271 during the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases: Topic 842,” which provided updated guidance on lease accounting. ASU 2016-02 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within that annual period, with early adoption permitted. Adoption of this new standard will not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements. When adopted effective January 1, 2019, the Company’s operating lease for office space will be presented as a right-of-use asset and as an offsetting liability for the present value of the contractual cash flows. The Company does not currently have any other material lease obligations.

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2. Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue from contracts with customers

Contract	Year ended 12/31/2018					Year ended 12/31/2017
Type	Amount		Percentage			Amount		Percentage
Services Time & Materials	$	3,010,891		33.7	%	$	3,296,721		31.0	%
Services Fixed Price		1,103,828		12.4	%		1,315,135		12.4	%
Services Combination		207,942		2.3	%		341,136		3.2	%
Services Fixed Price per Unit		69,650		0.8	%		50,916		0.5	%
Third-Party Software		3,897,421		43.6	%		4,081,171		38.3	%
Software Support & Maintenance		589,975		6.6	%		1,508,113		14.2	%
Incentive Payments		54,068		0.6	%		47,411		0.4	%
Total Revenue	$	8,933,775				$	10,640,603

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3. Receivables (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Accounts Receivable, Net [Abstract]

Accounts receivable

	2018		2017
Billed federal government	$	612,679	$	560,942
Billed commercial and other		40,160		49,240
Total billed		652,839		610,182
Contract assets		-		5,532
Allowance for doubtful accounts		-		-
Accounts receivable, net	$	652,839	$	615,714

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4. Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair value hierarchy for financial assets

	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
December 31, 2018
Money market funds	$	1,706,376	$	-	$	-
Total	$	1,706,376	$	-	$	-
December 31, 2017
Money market funds	$	2,120,269	$	-	$	-
Total	$	2,120,269	$	-	$	-

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5. Property and Equipment (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Summary of fixed assets and equipment

	2018			2017
Furniture and equipment	$	75,747		$	75,747
Computer equipment and software		219,010			213,239
Leasehold improvements		6,814			6,814
Subtotal		301,571			295,800
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization		(294,424	)		(284,667	)
Total	$	7,147		$	11,133

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7. Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Operating Leases

Year ending December 31:	2019	$	106,617
	2020		109,816
	2021		55,719
Total minimum rent payments		$	272,152

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8. Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Deferred tax assets

	2018			2017
Deferred tax assets (liabilities)
Net operating loss carryforwards	$	1,934,300		$	3,889,200
Accrued commissions		102,600			154,400
Accrued vacation		24,500			29,400
Fixed assets		(24,100	)		(25,500	)
Other		6,400			6,000
Subtotal		2,043,700			4,053,500
Valuation allowance		(2,043,700	)		(4,053,500	)
Total	$	-		$	-

Provision for income taxes

	December 31,
	2018			2017
(Loss) income before taxes	$	(51,034	)	$	246,462
Income tax (benefit) expense on above
amount at federal statutory rate	$	(10,700	)	$	83,800
State income tax (benefit) expense, net of
federal (benefit) expense		(2,600	)		9,900
Permanent differences		8,600			7,500
Other		(1,900	)		5,800
NOL Expirations		2,015,100			-
Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017		-			1,870,800
Change in valuation allowance		(2,008,500	)		(1,977,800	)
Provision for income taxes	$	-		$	-

Current income taxes

	December 31,
Current income taxes	2018		2017
Federal	$	-	$	16,300
State		-		2,400
Benefit from utilization of net operating losses		-		(18,700	)
Subtotal		-		-
Deferred taxes		-		-
Provision for income taxes	$	-	$	-

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10. Stock Options and Warrants (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Equity [Abstract]

Fair values of option awards granted

	2018	2017
Risk-free interest rate	2.65% - 2.92%	1.87% - 2.06%
Dividend yield	0%	0%
Expected term	5 years	5 years
Expected volatility	49.0% - 55.1%	44.6% - 47.0%

Options issued under foregoing option plans

	Options outstanding
				Weighted average	Weighted average		Aggregate
				exercise price	remaining		intrinsic
Incentive options	Shares			per share	contractual term		value
Outstanding at December 31, 2017	1,288,000		$	0.18
Options granted	166,000			0.44
Options exercised	-			-
Options expired	(62,500	)		0.31
Options forfeited	(15,000	)		0.46
Outstanding at December 31, 2018	1,376,500		$	0.23	4 years, 10 months	$	1,145
Exercisable at December 31, 2018	1,228,000		$	0.21	4 years, 3 months	$	1,145

Nonvested stock awards

	Nonvested
				Weighted average
				grant date
	Shares			fair value
Nonvested at January 1, 2018		232,000		$	0.10
Granted		166,000			0.20
Vested		(234,500	)		0.10
Forfeited		(15,000	)		0.21
Nonvested at December 31, 2018		148,500		$	0.20

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11. (Loss) Earnings Per Share (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Reconciliation of (loss) earnings per share

	Net (loss)					Per share
	income			Shares		amount
Basic net loss per common share for the
year ended December 31, 2018:
Income available to common shareholders	$	(51,034	)		11,201,760	$	-
Effect of dilutive stock options		-			-		-
Diluted net loss per common share for the
year ended December 31, 2018:	$	(51,034	)		11,201,760	$	-
Basic net income per common share for the
year ended December 31, 2017:
Income available to common shareholders	$	246,462			11,201,760	$	0.02
Effect of dilutive stock options		-			381,818		-
Diluted net income per common share for the
year ended December 31, 2017:	$	246,462			11,583,578	$	0.02

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12. Financial Statement Captions (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Financial Statement Captions

Financial statement captions

The following table summarizes the Company’s prepaid expenses and other current assets as of December 31, 2018 and 2017:

	2018		2017
Deferred costs of software sales	$	294,115	$	300,558
Other		37,609		29,642
Credit with software supplier		37,557		-
Prepaid insurance		15,499		14,500
Prepaid rent		8,753		8,499
ISO 9001		-		15,427
Total	$	393,533	$	368,626

The following table summarizes the Company’s other current liabilities as of December 31, 2018 and 2017:

	2018		2017
Accrued accounting and auditing expense	$	48,750	$	49,500
Accrued costs of software sales		13,500		337,560
Other		19,235		24,427
Total	$	81,485	$	411,487

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1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$ 0	$ 0
Total compensation expense for stock options	$ 29,600	$ 15,044
Potentially dilutive securities	452,724
Potentially dilutive securities	0	381,818
Wages and paid leave distributions	$ 148,932	$ 136,705
Revenues from related party business	$ 0	$ 14,271

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2. Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Revenue	$ 8,933,775	$ 10,640,603
Time & Materials
Revenue	$ 3,010,891	$ 3,296,721
Revenue percentage	33.70%	31.00%
Fixed Price
Revenue	$ 1,103,828	$ 1,315,135
Revenue percentage	12.40%	12.40%
Combination
Revenue	$ 207,942	$ 341,136
Revenue percentage	2.30%	3.20%
Fixed-Price per Unit
Revenue	$ 69,650	$ 50,916
Revenue percentage	0.80%	0.50%
Third-Party Software
Revenue	$ 3,897,421	$ 4,081,171
Revenue percentage	43.60%	38.30%
Software Support & Maintenance
Revenue	$ 589,975	$ 1,508,113
Revenue percentage	6.60%	14.20%
Incentive Payments
Revenue	$ 54,068	$ 47,411
Revenue percentage	0.60%	0.40%

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2. Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Contract assets	$ 0	$ 5,532
Contract liabilities	$ 318,552	$ 387,002

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3. Receivables (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$ 0	$ 0
Accounts receivable, net	652,839	615,714
Billed-federal government
Accounts receivable gross	612,679	560,942
Billed-commercial and other
Accounts receivable gross	40,160	49,240
Total billed
Accounts receivable gross	652,839	610,182
Unbilled
Accounts receivable gross	$ 0	$ 5,532

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4. Fair Value Measurements (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Money market accounts	$ 1,706,376	$ 2,120,269
Total	1,706,376	2,120,269
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Money market accounts	0	0
Total	0	0
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Money market accounts	0	0
Total	$ 0	$ 0

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5. Property and Equipment (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Furniture and equipment	$ 75,747	$ 75,747
Computer equipment and software	219,010	213,239
Leasehold improvement	6,814	6,814
Subtotal	301,571	295,800
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization	(294,424)	(284,667)
Total	$ 7,147	$ 11,133

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5. Property and Equipment (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Depreciation and amortization expense	$ 9,757	$ 16,905

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7. Commitments and Contingencies (Details)	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)
Year ending December 31,
2019	$ 106,617
2020	109,816
2021	55,719
Total minimum rent payments	$ 272,152

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7. Commitments and Contingencies (Details narrative) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Rent expense	$ 104,487	$ 103,007

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8. Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Deferred tax assets (liabilities)
Net operating loss carryforward	$ 1,934,300	$ 3,889,200
Accrued commissions	102,600	154,400
Accrued vacation	24,500	29,400
Fixed assets	(24,100)	(25,500)
Other	6,400	6,000
Subtotal	2,043,700	4,053,500
Valuation allowance	(2,043,700)	(4,053,500)
Total	$ 0	$ 0

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8. Income Taxes (Details 1) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
(Loss) income before taxes	$ (51,034)	$ 246,462
Income tax (benefit) expense on above amount at federal statutory rate	(10,700)	83,800
State income tax (benefit) expense, net of federal (benefit) expense	(2,600)	9,900
Permanent differences	8,600	7,500
Other	(1,900)	5,800
NOL expirations	2,015,100	0
Tax Cuts & Jobs Act of 2017	0	1,870,800
Change in valuation allowance	(2,008,500)	(1,977,800)
Provision for income taxes	$ 0	$ 0

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8. Income Taxes (Details 2) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Federal	$ 0	$ 16,300
State	0	2,400
Benefit from utilization of net operating losses	0	(18,700)
Subtotal	0	0
Deferred taxes	0	0
Provision for income taxes	$ 0	$ 0

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8. Income Taxes (Details Narrative)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Net operating loss carryforwards	$ 7,400,000
Period of expiration	2019 to 2036

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10. Stock Options (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Dividend yield	0.00%	0.00%
Expected term	5 years	5 years
Minimum [Member]
Risk free interest rate	2.65%	1.87%
Expected volatility	49.00%	44.60%
Maximum [Member]
Risk free interest rate	2.92%	2.06%
Expected volatility	55.10%	47.00%

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10. Stock Options (Details 1)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($) $ / shares shares
Number of Shares
Options Granted	166,000
Options Exercisable	1,228,000
Weighted Average Exercise Price
Options Exercisable | $ / shares	$ .21
Aggregate Intrinsic Value Outstanding | $	$ 1,145
Aggregate Intrinsic Value Exercisable | $	$ 1,145
Stock Options
Number of Shares
Options Outstanding, Beginning	1,288,000
Options Granted	166,000
Options Exercised	0
Options Expired	(62,500)
Options Forfeited	(15,000)
Options Outstanding, Ending	1,376,500
Weighted Average Exercise Price
Options Outstanding, Beginning | $ / shares	$ .18
Options Granted | $ / shares	.44
Options Exercised | $ / shares	.00
Options Expired | $ / shares	.31
Options Forfeited | $ / shares	.46
Options Outstanding, Ending | $ / shares	$ .23
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term Outstanding	4 years 10 months
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term Exercisable	4 years 3 months

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10. Stock Options (Details 2)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018 $ / shares shares
Number of Shares
Nonvested Stock Awards Beginning Balance | shares	232,000
Granted | shares	166,000
Vested | shares	(234,500)
Forfeited | shares	(15,000)
Nonvested Stock Awards Ending Balance | shares	148,500
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested Stock Awards Beginning Balance | $ / shares	$ .10
Granted | $ / shares	.20
Vested | $ / shares	.10
Forfeited | $ / shares	.21
Nonvested Stock Awards Ending Balance | $ / shares	$ .20

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11. (Loss) Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Basic net (loss) income	$ (51,034)	$ 246,462
Basic shares	11,201,760	11,201,760
Basic net (loss) income per common share	$ .00	$ 0.02
Effect of dilutive stock options	0	381,818
Diluted net (loss) income	$ (51,034)	$ 246,462
Diluted shares	11,201,760	11,583,578
Diluted net (loss) income per common share	$ .00	$ 0.02

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12. Financial Statement Captions (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Financial Statement Captions
Deferred costs of software sales	$ 294,115	$ 300,558
Other	37,609	29,642
Credit with software supplier	37,557	0
Prepaid insurance	15,499	14,500
Prepaid rent	8,753	8,499
ISO 9001	0	15,427
Total	393,533	368,626
Accrued accounting and auditing expense	48,750	49,500
Accrued costs of software sales	13,500	337,560
Other	19,235	24,427
Total	$ 81,485	$ 411,487