Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	Summary of Significant Accounting Policies A. Nature of Business The Bryn Mawr Trust Company (the “Bank”) received its Pennsylvania banking charter in 1889 and is a member of the Federal Reserve System. In 1986, Bryn Mawr Bank Corporation (“BMBC”) was formed and on January 2, 1987, the Bank became a wholly-owned subsidiary of BMBC. The Bank and BMBC are headquartered in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, located in the western suburbs of Philadelphia. BMBC and its direct and indirect subsidiaries (collectively, the “Corporation”) offer a full range of personal and business banking services, consumer and commercial loans, equipment leasing, mortgages, insurance and wealth management services, including investment management, trust and estate administration, retirement planning, custody services, and tax planning and preparation from 41 banking locations, seven wealth management offices and two insurance and risk management locations in the following counties: Montgomery, Chester, Delaware, Philadelphia, and Dauphin Counties in Pennsylvania; New Castle County in Delaware; and Mercer and Camden Counties in New Jersey. The common stock of BMBC trades on the NASDAQ Stock Market (“NASDAQ”) under the symbol BMTC. The Bank’s subsidiary, BMT Insurance Advisors, Inc., completed the acquisition of Domenick, a full-service insurance agency established in 1993 and headquartered in Philadelphia, on May 1, 2018. The consideration paid was $1.5 million, of which $750 thousand was paid at closing, $225 thousand was paid during the third quarter of 2019, $175 thousand was paid during the second quarter of 2020 and one contingent cash payment, not to exceed $250 thousand, will be payable in 2021, subject to the attainment of certain targets during the year. On December 15, 2017, the previously announced merger of Royal Bancshares of Pennsylvania, Inc. (“RBPI”) with and into BMBC (the “Effective Date”), and the merger of Royal Bank America with and into the Bank (collectively, the "RBPI Merger"), pursuant to the Agreement and Plan of Merger, by and between RBPI and BMBC, dated as of January 30, 2017 (the “Agreement”) was completed. Consideration paid totaled $138.7 million, comprised of 3,101,316 shares of BMBC's common stock, the assumption of 140,224 warrants to purchase BMBC's common stock valued at $1.9 million, $112 thousand for the cash-out of certain options and $7 thousand of cash in lieu of fractional shares. The RBPI Merger initially added $570.4 million of loans, $121.6 million of investments, $593.2 million of deposits, and twelve new branches. The acquisition of RBPI expands the Corporation further into Montgomery, Chester, Berks and Philadelphia Counties in Pennsylvania as well as Mercer and Camden Counties in New Jersey. The Corporation operates in a highly competitive market area that includes local, national and regional banks as competitors along with savings banks, credit unions, insurance companies, trust companies, registered investment advisors and mutual fund families. The Corporation and its subsidiaries are regulated by many regulatory agencies including the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”), the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve Board”) and the Pennsylvania Department of Banking. B. Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation The accounting policies of the Corporation conform to U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of BMBC and its consolidated subsidiaries. BMBC’s primary subsidiary is the Bank. The Corporation’s consolidated financial condition and results of operations consist almost entirely of the Bank’s financial condition and results of operations. In connection with the RBPI Merger, the Corporation acquired two Delaware trusts, Royal Bancshares Capital Trust I and Royal Bancshares Capital Trust II. These two entities are not consolidated per requirements under Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 810, “Consolidation” (“ASC Topic 810”). All significant intercompany balances and transactions are eliminated in consolidation and certain reclassifications are made when necessary in order to conform the previous years' consolidated financial statements to the current year's presentation. In preparing the Consolidated Financial Statements, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the balance sheets, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Although our current estimates contemplate current conditions and how we expect them to change in the future, it is reasonably possible that in 2021 actual conditions could be worse than anticipated in those estimates, which could materially affect our results of operations and financial condition. The Corporation has identified certain areas that require estimates and assumptions, which include the allowance for credit losses (“ACL”) on loans and leases, the ACL on Off-Balance Sheet (“OBS”) Credit Exposures, the valuation of goodwill and intangible assets, the fair value of investment securities, the fair value of derivative financial instruments, and the valuation of mortgage servicing rights, deferred tax assets and liabilities, benefit plans and stock-based compensation. In addition, certain assets are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis; that is, the instruments are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis but are subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances. C. Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents include cash, interest-bearing and noninterest-bearing amounts due from banks, and federal funds sold. The Bank maintains cash reserve balances as required to meet regulatory reserve requirements of the Federal Reserve Board. The Bank had no cash reserve balances at December 31, 2020 as the Federal Reserve Board reduced the requirements to zero. Cash balances required to meet regulatory reserve requirements of the Federal Reserve Board amounted to $24.6 million at December 31, 2019. D. Investment Securities Investment securities which are held for indefinite periods of time, which the Corporation intends to use as part of its asset/liability strategy, or which may be sold in response to changes in credit quality of the issuer, interest rates, changes in prepayment risk, increases in capital requirements, or other similar factors, are classified as available for sale and are carried at fair value. Net unrealized gains and losses for such securities, net of tax, are required to be recognized as a separate component of shareholders’ equity and excluded from determination of net income. Gains or losses on disposition are based on the net proceeds and cost of the securities sold, adjusted for the amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts, using the specific identification method. Investments for which management has the intent and ability to hold until maturity are classified as held to maturity and are carried at their amortized cost on the balance sheet. No adjustment for market value fluctuations are recorded related to the held to maturity portfolio. Investment securities held in trading accounts consist of deferred compensation trust accounts, which are invested in listed mutual funds whose diversification is at the discretion of the deferred compensation plan participants. Investment securities held in trading accounts are reported at fair value, with adjustments in fair value reported through income. E. ACL on Available for Sale Securities For available for sale debt securities in an unrealized loss position, management first assesses whether it intends to sell, or it is more likely than not it will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met, the security’s amortized cost basis is written down to fair value through income. For available for sale debt securities that do not meet the aforementioned criteria, management evaluates whether the decline in fair value has resulted from credit losses or other factors. In making this assessment, management considers the extent to which fair value is less than amortized cost, any explicit or implicit guarantees by the U.S. government, any changes to the rating of the security by the rating agency, and adverse conditions specifically related to the security, among other factors. If this assessment indicates that a credit loss exists, the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the security are compared to the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis, a credit loss exists and an allowance for credit losses is recorded for the credit loss, limited by the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis. Any impairment that has not been recorded through an allowance for credit loss is recognized in other comprehensive income. Changes in the ACL on available for sale debt securities are recorded as provision for (or release of) credit loss expense. Losses are charged against the ACL on available for sale debt securities when management believes the uncollectibility of an available for sale security is confirmed or when either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met. Accrued interest receivable on available for sale debt securities, which is reported in Accrued interest receivable on the Consolidated Balance Sheet, totaled $2.0 million at December 31, 2020 and is excluded from the estimate of credit losses. F. ACL on Held to Maturity Securities Management measures expected credit losses on held to maturity debt securities on a collective basis by major security type. The Corporation’s held to maturity debt securities consist of mortgage-backed securities issued by U.S. government entities and agencies. These securities are either explicitly or implicitly guaranteed by the U.S. government, are highly rated by major rating agencies and have a long history of no credit losses. With respect to these securities, management considers the history of credit losses, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts, which may indicate that the expectation that nonpayment of the amortized cost basis is or continues to be zero, even if the U.S. government were to default. Therefore, for those securities, the Corporation does not record expected credit losses. Accrued interest receivable on held to maturity debt securities, which is reported in Accrued interest receivable on the Consolidated Balance Sheet, totaled $37 thousand as of December 31, 2020 and is excluded from the estimate of credit losses. G. Loans Held for Sale Mortgage loans originated and intended for sale in the secondary market are carried at the lower of cost or fair value in the aggregate. Net unrealized temporary losses, if any, are recognized through a valuation allowance by charges to income. H. Portfolio Loans and Leases The Corporation originates construction, Commercial & Industrial, commercial mortgage, residential mortgage, home equity and consumer loans to customers primarily in southeastern Pennsylvania, as well as small-ticket equipment leases to customers nationwide. Although the Corporation has a diversified loan and lease portfolio, its debtors’ ability to honor their contracts is substantially dependent upon the real estate and general economic conditions of the region. Loans and leases that management has the intention and ability to hold for the foreseeable future, or until maturity or pay-off, generally are reported at their outstanding principal balance adjusted for charge-offs, the allowance for credit losses on loans and leases and any deferred fees or costs on originated loans and leases. Interest income is accrued on the unpaid principal balance. Loan and lease origination fees and loan and lease origination costs are deferred and recognized as an adjustment to the related yield using the interest method. The accrual of interest on loans and leases is generally discontinued at the time the loan is 90 days delinquent unless the credit is well secured and in the process of collection. Loans and leases are placed on nonaccrual status or charged-off at an earlier date if collection of principal or interest is considered doubtful. All interest accrued, but not collected for loans that are placed on nonaccrual status or charged-off is charged against interest income. All interest accrued, but not collected, on leases that are placed on nonaccrual status is not charged against interest income until the lease becomes 120 days delinquent, at which point it is charged off. The interest received on these nonaccrual loans and leases is applied to reduce the carrying value of loans and leases. Loans and leases are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and remain current for at least six months, and future payments are reasonably assured. Once a loan returns to accrual status, any interest payments collected during the nonaccrual period which had been applied to the principal balance are reversed and recognized as interest income over the remaining term of the loan. Purchased loans and leases which have experienced more than insignificant credit deterioration since origination, purchased credit deteriorated (“PCD”) loans and leases, are recorded at the amount paid. An ACL is determined using the same methodology as other portfolio loans and leases. The initial ACL determined on a collective basis is allocated to individual loans. The loan’s purchase price is grossed-up by adding the allocated ACL to arrive at its initial amortized cost basis. The difference between the initial amortized cost basis and the par value of the loan or lease is a noncredit discount or premium, which is amortized into interest income over the life of the loan or lease. Subsequent changes to the ACL associated with PCD loans or leases are recorded through provision expense. I. ACL on Loans and Leases The ACL on loans and leases represents management’s estimate of all expected credit losses over the expected contractual life of our existing portfolio loans and leases. Determining the appropriateness of the ACL on loans and leases is complex and requires judgment by management about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. Subsequent evaluations of the then-existing loan portfolio, in light of the factors then prevailing, may result in significant changes in the ACL on loans and leases in those future periods. The provision for credit losses recorded through earnings is the amount necessary to maintain the ACL on loans and leases at the amount of expected credit losses within the loans and leases portfolio. The amount of expense and the corresponding level of ACL on loans and leases are based on management’s evaluation of the collectability of the loan and lease portfolio based on historical loss experience, reasonable and supportable forecasts, and other significant qualitative and quantitative factors not captured in the historical loss experience. The ACL on loans and leases, as reported in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, is adjusted by an expense for credit losses, which is recognized in earnings, and reduced by the charge-off of loan and lease amounts, net of recoveries. For further information on the ACL on loans and leases, see Note 5 - Loans and Leases in the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Management employs a disciplined process and methodology to establish the ACL on loans and leases that has two basic components: first, a collective (pooled) component for estimated expected credit losses for pools of loans and leases that share similar risk characteristics; and second, an asset-specific component involving individual loans and leases that do not share risk characteristics with other loans and leases and the measurement of expected credit losses for such individual loans. Based upon this methodology, management establishes an asset-specific ACL on loans and leases that do not share risk characteristics with other loans and leases, which generally include nonaccrual loans and leases, TDRs, and PCD loans. The asset-specific ACL is based on the amount of expected credit losses calculated on those loans and leases and amounts determined to be uncollectible are charged off. Factors we consider in measuring the extent of expected credit loss include payment status, collateral value, borrower financial condition, guarantor support and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. When a loan or lease does not share risk characteristics with other loans or leases, they are individually evaluated for expected credit loss. For loans and leases that are not collateral-dependent, management measures expected credit loss as the difference between the amortized cost basis of the loan and the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate. For collateral-dependent loans and leases, expected credit loss is measured as the difference between the amortized cost basis of the loan and the fair value of the underlying collateral. The fair value of the collateral is adjusted for the estimated cost to sell if repayment or satisfaction of a loan is dependent on the sale (rather than only on the operation) of the collateral. If the calculated expected credit loss is determined to be permanent, fixed or nonrecoverable, the credit loss portion of the loan will be charged off against the ACL on loans and leases. Loans and leases designated as having significantly increased credit risk are generally placed on nonaccrual and remain in that status until all principal and interest payments are current and the prospects for future payments in accordance with the loan agreement are reasonably assured, at which point the loan is returned to accrual status. In estimating the component of the ACL on loans and leases that share common risk characteristics, loans and leases are segregated into portfolio segments based on federal call report codes which classify loans and leases based on the primary collateral supporting the loan and lease. Methods utilized by management to estimate expected credit losses include 1) a discounted cash flow (“DCF”) methodology that discounts instrument-level contractual cash flows, adjusted for prepayments and curtailments, incorporating loss expectations, and 2) a weighted average remaining maturity (“WARM”) methodology which contemplates expected losses at a pool-level, utilizing historic loss information. Under both methodologies, management estimates the ACL on loans and leases using relevant available information, from internal and external sources, relating to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. After the end of the reasonable and supportable forecast period, the loss rates revert to the long-term mean loss rate, or in the case of an input-driven predictive method, the long-term mean of the input, using a reversion period where applicable. Historical credit loss experience, including examination of loss experience at representative peer institutions when the Corporation’s own loss history does not result in estimations that are meaningful to users of the Corporation’s Consolidated Financial Statements, provides the basis for the estimation of expected credit losses. Adjustments to historical loss information are considered for differences in current loan-specific risk characteristics such as differences in underwriting standards, portfolio mix, delinquency level, or term as well as for changes in environmental conditions, such as changes in unemployment rates, property values, or other relevant factors. The DCF methodology uses inputs of current and forecasted macroeconomic indicators to predict future loss rates. The current macroeconomic indicator utilized by the bank is the Pennsylvania unemployment rate. In building the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) model utilized in the DCF methodology, a correlation between this indicator and historic loss levels was developed, enabling a prediction of future loss rates related to future Pennsylvania unemployment rates. The portfolio segments utilizing the DCF methodology as of December 31, 2020 included: CRE - owner-occupied and nonowner-occupied loans, home equity lines of credit, residential mortgages (first and junior liens), construction loans and consumer loans. The WARM methodology uses combined historic loss rates for the Bank and peer institutions, if necessary, gathered from Call Report filings. The selected period for which historic loss rates are used is dependent on management's evaluation of current conditions and expectations of future loss conditions. The portfolio segments utilizing the WARM methodology as of December 31, 2020 included Commercial & Industrial loans and leases. For those loans and leases where the ACL is measured on a collective (pool) basis, management has identified the following portfolio segments based on federal call report codes which classify loans and leases based on the primary collateral supporting the loan or lease: Commercial real estate (“CRE”) loans (owner-occupied and non-owner occupied): The Bank originates mortgage loans for multifamily properties (i.e. buildings which have five or more residential units) and other commercial real estate that is either owner-occupied or managed as an investment property (non-owner occupied) primarily within Pennsylvania, Delaware and Southern and Central New Jersey. Commercial real estate properties primarily include retail buildings/shopping centers, hotels, office/medical buildings and industrial/warehouse space. Multifamily loans are expected to be repaid from the cash flows of the underlying property so the collective amount of rents must be sufficient to cover all operating expenses, property management and maintenance, taxes and debt service. Increases in vacancy rates, interest rates or other changes in general economic conditions can have an impact on the borrower and its ability to repay the loan. Commercial real estate loans are generally considered to have a higher degree of credit risk than multifamily loans as they may be dependent on the ongoing success and operating viability of a fewer number of tenants who are occupying the property and who may have a greater degree of exposure to economic conditions. Home equity lines of credit: The Bank originates the majority of its home equity lines of credit through its retail channel. The primary risk characteristics associated with home equity lines of credit typically involve major living or lifestyle changes to the borrower, including unemployment or other loss of income; unexpected significant expenses, such as major medical expenses, catastrophic events, divorce and death. Home equity lines of credit are typically originated with variable or floating interest rates, which could expose the borrower to higher payments in a rising interest rate environment. Real estate values could decrease and cause the value of the underlying property to fall below the loan amount, creating additional potential loss exposure for the Bank. Residential mortgages secured by first liens: The Bank originates one-to-four family residential mortgage loans primarily within Pennsylvania, Delaware and Southern and Central New Jersey. These loans are secured by first liens on a primary residence or investment property. The risks associated with residential mortgage loans typically involve major living or lifestyle changes to the borrower, including unemployment or other loss of income; unexpected significant expenses, such as major medical expenses, catastrophic events, divorce or death. Residential mortgage loans that have adjustable rates could expose the borrower to higher payments in a rising interest rate environment. Real estate values could decrease and cause the value of the underlying property to fall below the loan amount, creating additional potential loss exposure for the Bank. Residential mortgages secured by junior liens: The Bank originates loans secured by junior liens against one to four family properties primarily within Pennsylvania, Delaware and Southern and Central New Jersey. Loans secured by junior liens are primarily in the form of an amortizing home equity loan. These loans are subordinate to a first mortgage which may be from another lending institution. The risks associated with loans secured by junior liens typically involve major living or lifestyle changes to the borrower, including unemployment or other loss of income, unexpected significant expenses, such as for major medical expenses, catastrophic events, divorce or death. Real estate values could decrease and cause the value of the property to fall below the loan amount, creating additional potential loss exposure for the Bank. Construction: The Bank originates construction loans to finance land development preparatory to erecting new structures or the on-site construction of industrial, commercial, or residential buildings. Construction loans include not only construction of new structures, but also additions or alterations to existing structures and the demolition of existing structures to make way for new structures. Construction loans are generally secured by real estate. The risks are typically specific to the uncertainty on whether the construction will be completed according to the specifications and schedules. Factors that may influence the completion of construction may be customer specific, such as the quality and depth of property management, or related to changes in general economic conditions. Commercial & Industrial: The Bank originates lines of credit and term loans to operating companies for business purposes. The loans are generally secured by business assets such as accounts receivable, inventory, business vehicles and equipment as well as the stock of a company, if privately held. Commercial & Industrial loans are typically repaid first by the cash flows generated by the borrower’s business operations. The risks are typically specific to the underlying business and its ability to generate sustainable profitability and positive cash flow. Factors that may influence a borrower's ability to repay their loan include demand for the business’ products or services, the quality and depth of management, the degree of competition, regulatory changes, and general economic conditions. The ability of the Bank to foreclose and realize sufficient value from business assets securing these loans is often uncertain. To mitigate the risk characteristics of Commercial & Industrial loans, commercial real estate may be included as a secondary source of collateral. The Bank will often require more frequent reporting requirements from the borrower in order to better monitor its business performance. Consumer: The Bank originates or lines of credit to individuals for household, family, and other personal expenditures as well as overdrawn customer deposit balances which are reported as loans. This also represents all other loans that cannot be categorized in any of the previous mentioned loan segments. Consumer loans generally have higher interest rates and shorter terms than residential loans but tend to have higher credit risk due to the type of collateral securing the loan or in some cases the absence of collateral. Leases: The Bank’s wholly-owned subsidiary Bryn Mawr Equipment Financing, Inc. specializes in equipment leases for small- and mid-sized businesses nationally and across a broad range of industries. The Bank’s credit risk generally results from the potential default of borrowers or lessees, which may be driven by customer specific or broader industry related conditions. Accrued interest receivable on loans and leases, which is reported in Accrued interest receivable on the Consolidated Balance Sheet, totaled $12.1 million as of December 31, 2020 and is excluded from the estimate of credit losses due to our charge-off policy to reverse accrued interest in a timely manner on loans and leases that are 90-days past due and deemed nonperforming. However, the Corporation continued to accrue interest on loans and leases for which payment deferrals have been extended to borrowers affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Deferrals under the Corporation's modification program may be for durations which exceed the Corporation’s 90-day write-off policy for accrued interest. Therefore, these interest deferrals do not qualify for the Corporation’s election to not recognize a credit loss allowance for credit losses on accrued interest receivable. Accordingly, as of December 31, 2020, the Corporation has estimated credit losses for COVID-19 interest deferrals of $64 thousand, which is included as a reduction to Accrued interest receivable on the Consolidated Balance Sheet and Provision for credit losses on the Consolidated Income Statement. Prior to January 1, 2020 As further described in Note 2, “Recent Accounting Pronouncements,” in the accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K , on January 1, 2020, the Corporation adopted ASU 2016-13 (Topic 326), “Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments,” which replaces the incurred loss methodology with an expected loss methodology that is referred to as the current expected credit loss (or CECL) methodology. Prior to the adoption of ASC 326 on January 1, 2020, the ACL on loans and leases was maintained at a level that the Corporation believed was sufficient to absorb estimated potential credit losses. Management’s determination of the adequacy of the ACL on loans and leases was based on guidance provided in ASC 450 – Contingencies and ASC 310 - Receivables, and involved the periodic evaluations of the loan and lease portfolio and other relevant factors. However, this evaluation was inherently subjective as it required significant estimates by management. Consideration was given to a variety of factors in establishing these estimates. Quantitative factors in the form of historical net charge-off rates by portfolio segment were considered. In connection with these quantitative factors, management established what it deems to be an adequate look-back period (“LBP”) for the charge-off history. As of December 31, 2019, management utilized a five-year LBP, which it believes adequately captures the trends in charge-offs. In addition, management developed an estimate of a loss emergence period (“LEP”) for each segment of the loan portfolio based on analyses of actual charge-offs tracked back in time to the triggering event for the eventual loss. The LEP estimates the time between the occurrence of a loss event for a borrower and an actual charge-off of a loan. In addition, various qualitative factors were considered, including the specific terms and conditions of loans, changes in underwriting standards, delinquency statistics, industry concentrations and overall exposure of a single customer. In addition, consideration was given to the adequacy of collateral, the dependence on collateral, and the results of internal loan reviews, including a borrower’s financial strengths, their expected cash flows, and their access to additional funds. As part of the process of calculating the ACL on loans and leases for the different segments of the loan and lease portfolio, management considered certain credit quality indicators, including risk grades assigned to each loan and the performance/non-performance status of a loan. Prior to January 1, 2020, a loan or lease was considered impaired when, based on current information, it was probable that management would be unable to collect the contractually scheduled payments of principal or interest. When assessing impairment, management considered various factors, which included payment status, realizable value of collateral and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Loans and leases that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. Management determined the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record, and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed. For loans that indicated possible signs of impairment, which in most cases is based on the performance/non-performance status of the loan, an impairment analysis was conducted based on guidance provided by ASC 310-10. Impairment was measured by (i) the fair value of the collateral, if the loan was collateral-dependent, (ii) the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s contractual effective interest rate, or (iii), less frequently, the loan’s obtainable market price. In addition to originating loans, the Corporation occasionally acquired loans through mergers or loan purchase transactions. Some of these acquired loans exhibited deteriorated credit quality that has occurred since origination and, as such, management did not expect to collect all contractual payments. Prior to January 1, 2020, accounting for these purchased credit-impaired (“PCI”) loans was done in accordance with ASC 310-30. The loans were recorded at fair value, reflecting the present value of the amounts expected to be collected. Income recognition on these loans was based on a reasonable expectation about the timing and amount of cash flows to be collected. Acquired loans deemed impaired and considered collateral-dependent, with the timing of the sale of loan collateral indeterminate, remained on nonaccrual status and had no accretable yield. On a regular basis, at least quarterly, PCI loans were assessed to determine if there had been any improvement or deterioration of the expected cash flows. If there had been improvement, an adjustment was made to increase the recognition of interest on the PCI loan, as the estimate of expected loss on the loan was reduced. Conversely, if there was deterioration in the expected cash flows of a PCI loan, a provision was recorded in connection with the loan. J. ACL on Off-Balance Sheet (“OBS”) Credit Exposures Management estimates expected credit losses over the contractual period in which the Corporation is exposed to credit risk via a contractual obligation to extend credit, unless that obligation is unconditionally cancellable by the Corporation. The ACL on OBS credit exposure, included within Other Liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet, is adjusted as a provision for credit loss expense included within Provision for credit losses on the Consolidated Statement of Income. The estimate includes consideration of the likelihood that funding will occur and an estimate of expected credit losses on commitments expected to be funded over its estimated life. Management estimates the amount of expected losses, for exposures that are not unconditionally cancellable by the bank, by first calculating a commitment usage factor over the contractual period. Management then applies the loss factors for the applicable portfolio segment as determined in the ACL on loans and leases methodology to the results of the usage calculation to estimate the liability for credit losses related to unfunded commitments. No credit loss estimate is reported for OBS credit exposures that are unconditionally cancellable by the Bank. The ACL on OBS credit exposure as of December 31, 2020 was $2.9 million. For the year ended December 31, 2020 the Corporation recorded a provision for credit losses on OBS credit exposures of $1.7 million. K. Troubled Debt Restructurings (“TDRs") A TDR occurs when a creditor, for economic or legal reasons related to a borrower’s financial difficulties, modifies the original terms of a loan or lease, or grants a concession to the borrower that it would not otherwise have granted. A concession may include an extension of repayment terms, a reduction in the interest rate, or the forgiveness of principal and/or accrued interest. If the debtor is experiencing financial difficulty and the creditor has granted a concession, the Corporation will make the necessary disclosures related to the TDR. In certain cases, a modification or concession may be made in an effort to retain a customer who is not experiencing financial difficulty. This type of modification is not considered a TDR. The Corporation has implemented various consumer and commercial loan modification programs to provide its borrowers relief from the economic impacts of COVID-19. In accordance with the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”), loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty related to the COVID-19 pandemic which were granted modifications after March 1, 2020 and which were not more than 30 days past due as of December 31, 2019 are exempt from TDR classification. In addition, for loans modified in response to the COVID-19 pandemic that do not meet the above delinquency criteria (e.g., not more than 30 days past due as of December 31, 2019), the Corporation applies the guidance included in an interagency statement issued by the bank regulatory agencies. This guidance states that loan modifications performed in light of the COVID-19 pandemic, including loan payment deferrals that are up to six months in duration, that were granted to borrowers who were less than 30 days past due as of the implementation date of a loan modification program or modifications granted under government mandated modification programs, are also exempt from TDR classification. For loan modifications that include a payment deferral and are not TDRs, the borrower’s past due and nonaccrual status will not be impacted during the deferral period. Interest income will continue to be recognized over the contractual life of the loan. As of December 31, 2020, 66 consumer loans and leases in the amount of $7.3 million and 37 commercial loans in the amount of $67.7 million are within a deferral period under the Bank's COVID-19 modification programs, the total comprising 2.1% of the Bank’s portfolio loans and leases. L. Other Real Estate Owned (“OREO”) OREO consists of assets that the Corporation has acquired through foreclosure by either accepting a deed in lieu of foreclosure, or by taking possession of assets that were used as loan collateral. The Corporation reports OREO on the balance sheet as part of other assets, at the lower of cost or fair value less cost to sell, adjusted periodically based on current appraisals. Costs relating to the development or improvement of assets, as well as the costs required to obtain legal title to the property, are capitalized, while costs related to holding the property are charged to expense as incurred. M. Other Investments and Equity Stocks Without a Readily Determinable Fair Value Other investments include Community Reinvestment Act (“CRA”) investments and equity stocks without a readily determinable fair value. The Corporation’s investments in equity stocks include those issued by the Federal Home Loan Bank of Pittsburgh (“FHLB”), the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia (“FRB”) and Atlantic Central Bankers Bank. The Corporation is required to hold FHLB stock as a condition of its borrowing funds from the FHLB. As of December 31, 2020, the carrying value of the Corporation’s FHLB stock was $12.7 million. In addition, the Corporation is required to hold FRB stock based on the Corporation’s capital. As of December 31, 2020, the carrying value of the Corporation’s FRB stock was $12.5 million. Ownership of FHLB and FRB stock is restricted and there is no market for these securities. For further information on the FHLB stock, see Note 11, “Short-Term Borrowings and Long-Term FHLB Advances,” in the accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. N. Premises and Equipment Premises and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method based on estimated useful lives of the assets. Depreciation of leasehold improvements is calculated using the straight-line method over the lives of the related leases or useful lives of the related assets, whichever is shorter. Whenever events or changes in circumstances dictate, the Corporation tests its long-lived assets for impairment by determining whether the sum of the estimated undiscounted future cash flows attributable to a long-lived asset or asset group is less than the carrying amount of the long-lived asset or asset group. In the event the carrying amount of the long-lived asset or asset group is not recoverable, an impairment loss is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of the long-lived asset or asset group exceeds its fair value. Maintenance, repairs and minor improvements are charged to noninterest expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income as incurred. For cloud computing arrangements in a service contract, the Corporation capitalizes costs for implementation activities in the application development stage depending on the nature of the costs. The costs incurred during the preliminary project and post-implementation stages are expensed as the activities are performed. The costs capitalized are expensed over the term of the hosting arrangement, which is the fixed, noncancelable term of the arrangement, plus any reasonably certain renewal periods. The capitalized implementation costs and amortization expense related to these costs are included in Other assets and Other operating expenses in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and Consolidated Statements of Income, respectively. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Corporation had $6.9 million and $2.9 million of capitalized software implementation costs for cloud computing arrangements in a service contract. Amortization expense related to these capitalized implementation costs for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 amounted to $618 thousand and $280 thousand, respectively. O. Operating Leases The Corporation’s operating leases consist of various retail branch locations and corporate offices. Management determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use assets (“ROU assets”) and operating lease liabilities in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. ROU assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date. Operating lease liabilities represent the present value of unpaid lease payments, including extension options that the Corporation is reasonably certain will be exercised. As the majority of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use our estimated incremental borrowing rate at the lease commencement date to determine the present value of unpaid lease payments. ROU assets represent our right to use underlying assets and are recorded as operating lease liabilities adjusted for prepayments or accrued lease payments, initial direct costs, lease incentives, and impairment of ROU assets. The Corporation’s leases include fixed rental payments, and certain of our leases also include variable rental payments where lease payments may increase at pre-determined dates based on the change in the consumer price index. The Corporation’s lease agreements include gross leases as well as leases in which we make separate payments to the lessor for items such as the property taxes assessed on the property or a portion of the common area maintenance associated with the property. We have elected the practical expedient not to separate lease and non-lease components for all of our building leases. The Corporation also elected to not recognize ROU assets and lease liabilities for short-term leases, which consist of certain leases of the Corporation’s limited-hour retirement community offices. P. Pension and Postretirement Benefit Plan As of December 31, 2020, the Corporation had two non-qualified defined-benefit supplemental executive retirement plans and a postretirement benefit plan as discussed in Note 16, “Pension and Postretirement Benefit Plans,” in the accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Net pension expense related to the defined-benefit consists of service cost, interest cost, return on plan assets, amortization of prior service cost, amortization of transition obligations and amortization of net actuarial gains and losses. As it relates to the costs associated with the post-retirement benefit plan, the costs are recognized as they are incurred. Q. Bank Owned Life Insurance (“BOLI”) BOLI is recorded at its cash surrender value. Income from BOLI is tax-exempt and included as a component of noninterest income. R. Derivative Financial Instruments The Corporation recognizes all derivative financial instruments on its balance sheet at fair value. Derivatives that are not hedges must be adjusted to fair value through income. The Corporation enters into interest rate swaps that allow commercial loan customers to effectively convert a variable-rate commercial loan agreement to a fixed-rate commercial loan agreement. Under these agreements, the Corporation originates variable-rate loans with customers in addition to interest rate swap agreements, which serve to effectively swap the customers’ variable-rate loans into fixed-rate loans. The Corporation then enters into corresponding swap agreements with swap dealer counterparties to economically hedge its exposure on the variable and fixed components of the customer agreements. The interest rate swaps with both the customers and third parties are not designated as hedges under FASB ASC 815 and are marked to market through earnings. As the interest rate swaps are structured to offset each other, changes to the underlying benchmark interest rates considered in the valuation of these instruments do not result in an impact to earnings; however, there may be fair value adjustments related to credit quality variations between counterparties, which may impact earnings as required by FASB ASC 820. In addition to interest rate swaps with customers, the Corporation may also enter into a risk participation agreement with another institution as a means to assume a portion of the credit risk associated with a loan structure which includes a derivative instrument, in exchange for fee income commensurate with the risk assumed. This type of derivative is referred to as an “RPA sold.” In addition, in an effort to reduce the credit risk associated with an interest rate swap agreement with a borrower for whom the Corporation has provided a loan structured with a derivative, the Corporation may purchase a risk participation agreement from an institution participating in the facility in exchange for a fee commensurate with the risk shared. This type of derivative is referred to as an “RPA purchased.” If a derivative has qualified as a hedge, depending on the nature of the hedge, changes in the fair value of the derivative are either offset against the change in fair value of the hedged assets, liabilities, or firm commitments through earnings, or recognized in other comprehensive income until the hedged item is recognized in earnings. The ineffective portion of a derivative’s change in fair value is recognized in earnings immediately. To determine fair value, management uses valuations obtained from a third party which utilizes a pricing model that incorporates assumptions about market conditions and risks that are current as of the reporting date. Management reviews, annually, the inputs utilized by its independent third-party valuation organization. The Corporation may use interest-rate swap agreements to modify the interest rate characteristics from variable to fixed, or fixed to variable, in order to reduce the impact of interest rate changes on future net interest income. If present, the Corporation accounts for its interest-rate swap contracts in cash flow hedging relationships by establishing and documenting the effectiveness of the instrument in offsetting the change in cash flows of assets or liabilities that are being hedged. To determine effectiveness, the management performs an analysis to identify if changes in fair value or cash flow of the derivative correlate to the equivalent changes in the forecasted interest receipts or payments related to a specified hedged item. Recorded amounts related to interest-rate swaps are included in other assets or liabilities. The change in fair value of the ineffective part of the instrument would need to be charged to the Statement of Income, potentially causing material fluctuations in reported earnings in the period of the change relative to comparable periods. In a fair value hedge, the fair value of the interest rate swap agreements and changes in the fair value of the hedged items are recorded in the Corporation’s consolidated balance sheets with the corresponding gain or loss being recognized in current earnings. The difference between changes in the fair values of interest rate swap agreements and the hedged items represents hedge ineffectiveness, and is recorded in net interest income in the statement of income. Management performs an assessment, both at the inception of the hedge and quarterly thereafter, to determine whether these derivatives are highly effective in offsetting changes in the value of the hedged items. S. Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation Stock-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date, based on the fair value of the award and is recognized as an expense over the vesting period. All share-based payments, including grants of stock options, restricted stock awards and performance-based stock awards, are recognized as compensation expense in the statement of income at their fair value. The fair value of stock option grants is determined using the Black-Scholes pricing model which considers the expected life of the options, the volatility of our stock price, risk-free interest rate and annual dividend yield. The fair value of the restricted stock awards and performance-based awards whose performance is measured based on an internally produced metric is based on their closing price on the grant date, while the fair value of the performance-based stock awards which use an external measure, such as total stockholder return, is based on their grant-date market value adjusted for the likelihood of attaining certain pre-determined performance goals and is calculated by utilizing a Monte Carlo Simulation model. T. Earnings per Common Share Basic earnings per common share excludes dilution and is computed by dividing income available to common shareholders by the weighted-average common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per common share takes into account the potential dilution that would occur if in-the-money stock options were exercised and converted into shares of common stock and restricted stock awards and performance-based stock awards were vested. Proceeds assumed to have been received on options exercises are assumed to be used to purchase shares of BMBC’s common stock at the average market price during the period, as required by the treasury stock method of accounting. The effects of stock options are excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share in periods in which the effect would be antidilutive. U. Income Taxes Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carry-forwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. Net deferred tax assets are included within the other assets line item on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Corporation recognizes the benefit of a tax position only after determining that the Corporation would more-likely-than-not sustain the position following an examination. For tax positions meeting the more-likely-than-not threshold, the amount recognized in the Consolidated Financial Statements is the largest benefit that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon settlement with the relevant tax authority. Management applies these criteria to tax positions for which the statute of limitations remains open. V. Revenue Recognition With the exception of nonaccrual loans and leases, the Corporation recognizes all sources of income on the accrual method. Additional information relating to wealth management fee revenue recognition follows: The Corporation earns wealth management fee revenue from a variety of sources including fees from trust administration and other related fiduciary services, custody, investment management and advisory services, employee benefit account and IRA administration, estate settlement, tax service fees, shareholder service fees and brokerage. These fees are generally based on asset values and fluctuate with the market. Some revenue is not directly tied to asset value but is based on a flat fee for services provided. For many of our revenue sources, amounts are not received in the same accounting period in which they are earned. However, each source of wealth management fees is recorded on the accrual method of accounting. The most significant portion of the Corporation’s wealth management fees is derived from trust administration and other related services, custody, investment management and advisory services, and employee benefit account and IRA administration. These fees are generally billed monthly, in arrears, based on the market value of assets at the end of the previous billing period. A smaller number of customers are billed in a similar manner, but on a quarterly or annual basis, and some revenues are not based on market values. The balance of the Corporation’s wealth management fees includes estate settlement fees and tax service fees, which are recorded when the related service is performed, and asset management and brokerage fees on non-depository investment products, which are received one month in arrears, based on settled transactions, but are accrued in the month the settlement occurs. Included in other assets on the balance sheet is a receivable for wealth management fees that have been earned but not yet collected. Insurance revenue is primarily related to commissions earned on insurance policies and is recognized over the related policy coverage period. W. Mortgage Servicing A portion of the residential mortgage loans originated by the Corporation is sold to third parties; however, the Corporation may retain the servicing rights related to these loans. A fee, usually based on a percentage of the outstanding principal balance of the loan, is received in return for these services. Gains on the sale of these loans are based on the specific identification method. An intangible asset, referred to as mortgage servicing rights (“MSRs") is recognized when a loan’s servicing rights are retained upon sale of a loan. MSRs are initially recorded at fair value based on a third-party valuation model which calculates the present value of estimated future servicing income. The model incorporates assumptions that market participants use in estimating future net servicing income, including estimates of prepayment speeds and discount rates. Mortgage loan prepayment speed is the annual rate at which borrowers are forecasted to repay their mortgage loan principal and is based on historical experience. The discount rate is used to determine the present value of future net servicing income. Another key assumption in the model is the required rate of return the market would expect for an asset with similar risk. These assumptions can, and generally will, change quarterly valuations as market conditions and interest rates change. Subsequent to the initial valuation, MSRs amortize to noninterest expense in proportion to, and over the period of, the estimated future net servicing life of the underlying loans. MSRs are evaluated quarterly for impairment based upon the fair value of the rights as compared to their carrying amount. Impairment is determined by stratifying the MSRs by predominant characteristics, such as interest rate and terms. Impairment is recognized through a valuation allowance for an individual grouping, to the extent that fair value is less than the carrying amount. If management later determines that all of a portion of the impairment no longer exists for a particular grouping, a reduction of the allowance may be recorded as an increase to income. Changes in valuation allowances are reported within Other operating expenses on the Consolidated Statement of Income. The fair value of servicing rights are subject to significant fluctuations as a result of changes in estimated and actual prepayment speeds and default rates and losses. X. Goodwill and Intangible Assets The Corporation accounts for goodwill and intangible assets in accordance with ASC 350, “Intangibles – Goodwill and Other.” The amount of goodwill initially recorded is based on the fair value of the acquired entity at the time of acquisition. Management performs goodwill and intangible assets impairment testing annually, as of October 31, or when events occur or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the acquisition or investment. Goodwill impairment is tested on a reporting unit level. The Corporation currently has three reporting units: Banking, Wealth Management and Insurance. As of December 31, 2020, the Insurance reporting unit did not meet the quantitative thresholds for separate disclosure as an operating segment, and is therefore reported as a component of the Wealth Management segment, based on its internal reporting structure. While the Insurance reporting unit did not meet the threshold for reporting as a separate operating segment for goodwill testing, the Insurance segment was tested for impairment. An operating segment is a component of an enterprise that engages in business activities from which it may earn revenues and incur expenses, whose operating results are regularly reviewed by the enterprise’s chief operating decision makers to make decisions about resources to be allocated to the segment and assess its performance, and for which discrete financial information is available. Management’s impairment testing methodology is consistent with the methodology prescribed in ASC 350. Management completes a goodwill impairment analysis at least on an annual basis, or more often if events and circumstances indicate that there may be impairment. Management also reviews other intangible assets with finite lives for impairment if events and circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable.

The Bryn Mawr Trust Company (the “Bank”) received its Pennsylvania banking charter in 1889 and is a member of the Federal Reserve System. In 1986, Bryn Mawr Bank Corporation (“BMBC”) was formed and on January 2, 1987, the Bank became a wholly-owned subsidiary of BMBC. The Bank and BMBC are headquartered in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, located in the western suburbs of Philadelphia. BMBC and its direct and indirect subsidiaries (collectively, the “Corporation”) offer a full range of personal and business banking services, consumer and commercial loans, equipment leasing, mortgages, insurance and wealth management services, including investment management, trust and estate administration, retirement planning, custody services, and tax planning and preparation from 41 banking locations, seven wealth management offices and two insurance and risk management locations in the following counties: Montgomery, Chester, Delaware, Philadelphia, and Dauphin Counties in Pennsylvania; New Castle County in Delaware; and Mercer and Camden Counties in New Jersey. The common stock of BMBC trades on the NASDAQ Stock Market (“NASDAQ”) under the symbol BMTC.

The Bank’s subsidiary, BMT Insurance Advisors, Inc., completed the acquisition of Domenick, a full-service insurance agency established in 1993 and headquartered in Philadelphia, on May 1, 2018. The consideration paid was $1.5 million, of which $750 thousand was paid at closing, $225 thousand was paid during the third quarter of 2019, $175 thousand was paid during the second quarter of 2020 and one contingent cash payment, not to exceed $250 thousand, will be payable in 2021, subject to the attainment of certain targets during the year.

On December 15, 2017, the previously announced merger of Royal Bancshares of Pennsylvania, Inc. (“RBPI”) with and into BMBC (the “Effective Date”), and the merger of Royal Bank America with and into the Bank (collectively, the "RBPI Merger"), pursuant to the Agreement and Plan of Merger, by and between RBPI and BMBC, dated as of January 30, 2017 (the “Agreement”) was completed. Consideration paid totaled $138.7 million, comprised of 3,101,316 shares of BMBC's common stock, the assumption of 140,224 warrants to purchase BMBC's common stock valued at $1.9 million, $112 thousand for the cash-out of certain options and $7 thousand of cash in lieu of fractional shares. The RBPI Merger initially added $570.4 million of loans, $121.6 million of investments, $593.2 million of deposits, and twelve new branches. The acquisition of RBPI expands the Corporation further into Montgomery, Chester, Berks and Philadelphia Counties in Pennsylvania as well as Mercer and Camden Counties in New Jersey.

The Corporation operates in a highly competitive market area that includes local, national and regional banks as competitors along with savings banks, credit unions, insurance companies, trust companies, registered investment advisors and mutual fund families. The Corporation and its subsidiaries are regulated by many regulatory agencies including the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”), the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve Board”) and the Pennsylvania Department of Banking.

The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of BMBC and its consolidated subsidiaries. BMBC’s primary subsidiary is the Bank. The Corporation’s consolidated financial condition and results of operations consist almost entirely of the Bank’s financial condition and results of operations. In connection with the RBPI Merger, the Corporation acquired two Delaware trusts, Royal Bancshares Capital Trust I and Royal Bancshares Capital Trust II. These two entities are not consolidated per requirements under Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 810, “Consolidation” (“ASC Topic 810”). All significant intercompany balances and transactions are eliminated in consolidation and certain reclassifications are made when necessary in order to conform the previous years' consolidated financial statements to the current year's presentation.

In preparing the Consolidated Financial Statements, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the balance sheets, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

results of operations and financial condition. The Corporation has identified certain areas that require estimates and assumptions, which include the allowance for credit losses (“ACL”) on loans and leases, the ACL on Off-Balance Sheet (“OBS”) Credit Exposures, the valuation of goodwill and intangible assets, the fair value of investment securities, the fair value of derivative financial instruments, and the valuation of mortgage servicing rights, deferred tax assets and liabilities, benefit plans and stock-based compensation. In addition, certain assets are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis; that is, the instruments are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis but are subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances.

Cash and cash equivalents include cash, interest-bearing and noninterest-bearing amounts due from banks, and federal funds sold. The Bank maintains cash reserve balances as required to meet regulatory reserve requirements of the Federal Reserve Board. The Bank had no cash reserve balances at December 31, 2020 as the Federal Reserve Board reduced the requirements to zero. Cash balances required to meet regulatory reserve requirements of the Federal Reserve Board amounted to $24.6 million at December 31, 2019.

Investment securities which are held for indefinite periods of time, which the Corporation intends to use as part of its asset/liability strategy, or which may be sold in response to changes in credit quality of the issuer, interest rates, changes in prepayment risk, increases in capital requirements, or other similar factors, are classified as available for sale and are carried at fair value. Net unrealized gains and losses for such securities, net of tax, are required to be recognized as a separate component of shareholders’ equity and excluded from determination of net income. Gains or losses on disposition are based on the net proceeds and cost of the securities sold, adjusted for the amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts, using the specific identification method.

For available for sale debt securities in an unrealized loss position, management first assesses whether it intends to sell, or it is more likely than not it will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met, the security’s amortized cost basis is written down to fair value through income. For available for sale debt securities that do not meet the aforementioned criteria, management evaluates whether the decline in fair value has resulted from credit losses or other factors. In making this assessment, management considers the extent to which fair value is less than amortized cost, any explicit or implicit guarantees by the U.S. government, any changes to the rating of the security by the rating agency, and adverse conditions specifically related to the security, among other factors.

If this assessment indicates that a credit loss exists, the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the security are compared to the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis, a credit loss exists and an allowance for credit losses is recorded for the credit loss, limited by the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis. Any impairment that has not been recorded through an allowance for credit loss is recognized in other comprehensive income.

Management measures expected credit losses on held to maturity debt securities on a collective basis by major security type. The Corporation’s held to maturity debt securities consist of mortgage-backed securities issued by U.S. government entities and agencies. These securities are either explicitly or implicitly guaranteed by the U.S. government, are highly rated by major rating agencies and have a long history of no credit losses. With respect to these securities, management considers the history of credit losses, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts, which may indicate that the expectation that nonpayment of the amortized cost basis is or continues to be zero, even if the U.S. government were to default. Therefore, for those securities, the Corporation does not record expected credit losses. Accrued interest receivable on held to maturity debt securities, which is reported in Accrued interest receivable on the Consolidated Balance Sheet, totaled $37 thousand as of December 31, 2020 and is excluded from the estimate of credit losses.

The Corporation originates construction, Commercial & Industrial, commercial mortgage, residential mortgage, home equity and consumer loans to customers primarily in southeastern Pennsylvania, as well as small-ticket equipment leases to customers nationwide. Although the Corporation has a diversified loan and lease portfolio, its debtors’ ability to honor their contracts is substantially dependent upon the real estate and general economic conditions of the region.

Loans and leases that management has the intention and ability to hold for the foreseeable future, or until maturity or pay-off, generally are reported at their outstanding principal balance adjusted for charge-offs, the allowance for credit losses on loans and leases and any deferred fees or costs on originated loans and leases. Interest income is accrued on the unpaid principal balance.

The accrual of interest on loans and leases is generally discontinued at the time the loan is 90 days delinquent unless the credit is well secured and in the process of collection. Loans and leases are placed on nonaccrual status or charged-off at an earlier date if collection of principal or interest is considered doubtful. All interest accrued, but not collected for loans that are placed on nonaccrual status or charged-off is charged against interest income. All interest accrued, but not collected, on leases that are placed on nonaccrual status is not charged against interest income until the lease becomes 120 days delinquent, at which point it is charged off. The interest received on these nonaccrual loans and leases is applied to reduce the carrying value of loans and leases. Loans and leases are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and remain current for at least six months, and future payments are reasonably assured. Once a loan returns to accrual status, any interest payments collected during the nonaccrual period which had been applied to the principal balance are reversed and recognized as interest income over the remaining term of the loan.

Purchased loans and leases which have experienced more than insignificant credit deterioration since origination, purchased credit deteriorated (“PCD”) loans and leases, are recorded at the amount paid. An ACL is determined using the same methodology as other portfolio loans and leases. The initial ACL determined on a collective basis is allocated to individual loans. The loan’s purchase price is grossed-up by adding the allocated ACL to arrive at its initial amortized cost basis. The difference between the initial amortized cost basis and the par value of the loan or lease is a noncredit discount or premium, which is amortized into interest income over the life of the loan or lease. Subsequent changes to the ACL associated with PCD loans or leases are recorded through provision expense.

The ACL on loans and leases represents management’s estimate of all expected credit losses over the expected contractual life of our existing portfolio loans and leases. Determining the appropriateness of the ACL on loans and leases is complex and requires judgment by management about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. Subsequent evaluations of the then-existing loan portfolio, in light of the factors then prevailing, may result in significant changes in the ACL on loans and leases in those future periods.

The provision for credit losses recorded through earnings is the amount necessary to maintain the ACL on loans and leases at the amount of expected credit losses within the loans and leases portfolio. The amount of expense and the corresponding level of ACL on loans and leases are based on management’s evaluation of the collectability of the loan and lease portfolio based on historical loss experience, reasonable and supportable forecasts, and other significant qualitative and quantitative factors not captured in the historical loss experience. The ACL on loans and leases, as reported in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, is adjusted by an expense for credit losses, which is recognized in earnings, and reduced by the charge-off of loan and lease amounts, net of recoveries. For further information on the ACL on loans and leases, see Note 5 - Loans and Leases in the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Management employs a disciplined process and methodology to establish the ACL on loans and leases that has two basic components: first, a collective (pooled) component for estimated expected credit losses for pools of loans and leases that share similar risk characteristics; and second, an asset-specific component involving individual loans and leases that do not share risk characteristics with other loans and leases and the measurement of expected credit losses for such individual loans.

Based upon this methodology, management establishes an asset-specific ACL on loans and leases that do not share risk characteristics with other loans and leases, which generally include nonaccrual loans and leases, TDRs, and PCD loans. The asset-specific ACL is based on the amount of expected credit losses calculated on those loans and leases and amounts determined to be uncollectible are charged off. Factors we consider in measuring the extent of expected credit loss include payment status, collateral value, borrower financial condition, guarantor support and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due.

When a loan or lease does not share risk characteristics with other loans or leases, they are individually evaluated for expected credit loss. For loans and leases that are not collateral-dependent, management measures expected credit loss as the difference between the amortized cost basis of the loan and the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate. For collateral-dependent loans and leases, expected credit loss is measured as the difference between the amortized cost basis of the loan and the fair value of the underlying collateral. The fair value of the collateral is adjusted for the estimated cost to sell if repayment or satisfaction of a loan is dependent on the sale (rather than only on the operation) of the collateral. If the calculated expected credit loss is determined to be permanent, fixed or nonrecoverable, the credit loss portion of the loan will be charged off against the ACL on loans and leases. Loans and leases designated as having significantly increased credit risk are generally placed on nonaccrual and remain in that status until all principal and interest payments are current and the prospects for future payments in accordance with the loan agreement are reasonably assured, at which point the loan is returned to accrual status.

In estimating the component of the ACL on loans and leases that share common risk characteristics, loans and leases are segregated into portfolio segments based on federal call report codes which classify loans and leases based on the primary collateral supporting the loan and lease. Methods utilized by management to estimate expected credit losses include 1) a discounted cash flow (“DCF”) methodology that discounts instrument-level contractual cash flows, adjusted for prepayments and curtailments, incorporating loss expectations, and 2) a weighted average remaining maturity (“WARM”) methodology which contemplates expected losses at a pool-level, utilizing historic loss information.

Under both methodologies, management estimates the ACL on loans and leases using relevant available information, from internal and external sources, relating to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. After the end of the reasonable and supportable forecast period, the loss rates revert to the long-term mean loss rate, or in the case of an input-driven predictive method, the long-term mean of the input, using a reversion period where applicable. Historical credit loss experience, including examination of loss experience at representative peer institutions when the Corporation’s own loss history does not result in estimations that are meaningful to users of the Corporation’s Consolidated Financial Statements, provides the basis for the estimation of expected credit losses. Adjustments to historical loss information are considered for differences in current loan-specific risk characteristics such as differences in underwriting standards, portfolio mix, delinquency level, or term as well as for changes in environmental conditions, such as changes in unemployment rates, property values, or other relevant factors.

The DCF methodology uses inputs of current and forecasted macroeconomic indicators to predict future loss rates. The current macroeconomic indicator utilized by the bank is the Pennsylvania unemployment rate. In building the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) model utilized in the DCF methodology, a correlation between this indicator and historic loss levels was developed, enabling a prediction of future loss rates related to future Pennsylvania unemployment rates. The portfolio segments utilizing the DCF methodology as of December 31, 2020 included: CRE - owner-occupied and nonowner-occupied loans, home equity lines of credit, residential mortgages (first and junior liens), construction loans and consumer loans.

The WARM methodology uses combined historic loss rates for the Bank and peer institutions, if necessary, gathered from Call Report filings. The selected period for which historic loss rates are used is dependent on management's evaluation of current conditions and expectations of future loss conditions. The portfolio segments utilizing the WARM methodology as of December 31, 2020 included Commercial & Industrial loans and leases.

Commercial real estate (“CRE”) loans (owner-occupied and non-owner occupied): The Bank originates mortgage loans for multifamily properties (i.e. buildings which have five or more residential units) and other commercial real estate that is either owner-occupied or managed as an investment property (non-owner occupied) primarily within Pennsylvania, Delaware and Southern and Central New Jersey. Commercial real estate properties primarily include retail buildings/shopping centers, hotels, office/medical buildings and industrial/warehouse space. Multifamily loans are expected to be repaid from the cash flows of the underlying property so the collective amount of rents must be sufficient to cover all operating expenses, property management and maintenance, taxes and debt service. Increases in vacancy rates, interest rates or other changes in general economic conditions can have an impact on the borrower and its ability to repay the loan. Commercial real estate loans are generally considered to have a higher degree of credit risk than multifamily loans as they may be dependent on the ongoing success and operating viability of a fewer number of tenants who are occupying the property and who may have a greater degree of exposure to economic conditions.

Home equity lines of credit: The Bank originates the majority of its home equity lines of credit through its retail channel. The primary risk characteristics associated with home equity lines of credit typically involve major living or lifestyle changes to the borrower, including unemployment or other loss of income; unexpected significant expenses, such as major medical expenses, catastrophic events, divorce and death. Home equity lines of credit are typically originated with variable or floating interest rates, which could expose the borrower to higher payments in a rising interest rate environment. Real estate values could decrease and cause the value of the underlying property to fall below the loan amount, creating additional potential loss exposure for the Bank.

Residential mortgages secured by first liens: The Bank originates one-to-four family residential mortgage loans primarily within Pennsylvania, Delaware and Southern and Central New Jersey. These loans are secured by first liens on a primary residence or investment property. The risks associated with residential mortgage loans typically involve major living or lifestyle changes to the borrower, including unemployment or other loss of income; unexpected significant expenses, such as major medical expenses, catastrophic events, divorce or death. Residential mortgage loans that have adjustable rates could expose the borrower to higher payments in a rising interest rate environment. Real estate values could decrease and cause the value of the underlying property to fall below the loan amount, creating additional potential loss exposure for the Bank.

Residential mortgages secured by junior liens: The Bank originates loans secured by junior liens against one to four family properties primarily within Pennsylvania, Delaware and Southern and Central New Jersey. Loans secured by junior liens are primarily in the form of an amortizing home equity loan. These loans are subordinate to a first mortgage which may be from another lending institution. The risks associated with loans secured by junior liens typically involve major living or lifestyle changes to the borrower, including unemployment or other loss of income, unexpected significant expenses, such as for major medical expenses, catastrophic events, divorce or death. Real estate values could decrease and cause the value of the property to fall below the loan amount, creating additional potential loss exposure for the Bank.

Construction: The Bank originates construction loans to finance land development preparatory to erecting new structures or the on-site construction of industrial, commercial, or residential buildings. Construction loans include not only construction of new structures, but also additions or alterations to existing structures and the demolition of existing structures to make way for new structures. Construction loans are generally secured by real estate. The risks are typically specific to the uncertainty on whether the construction will be completed according to the specifications and schedules. Factors that may influence the completion of construction may be customer specific, such as the quality and depth of property management, or related to changes in general economic conditions.

Commercial & Industrial: The Bank originates lines of credit and term loans to operating companies for business purposes. The loans are generally secured by business assets such as accounts receivable, inventory, business vehicles and equipment as well as the stock of a company, if privately held. Commercial & Industrial loans are typically repaid first by the cash flows generated by the borrower’s business operations. The risks are typically specific to the underlying business and its ability to generate sustainable profitability and positive cash flow. Factors that may influence a borrower's ability to repay their loan include demand for the business’ products or services, the quality and depth of management, the degree of competition,

regulatory changes, and general economic conditions. The ability of the Bank to foreclose and realize sufficient value from business assets securing these loans is often uncertain. To mitigate the risk characteristics of Commercial & Industrial loans, commercial real estate may be included as a secondary source of collateral. The Bank will often require more frequent reporting requirements from the borrower in order to better monitor its business performance.

Consumer: The Bank originates or lines of credit to individuals for household, family, and other personal expenditures as well as overdrawn customer deposit balances which are reported as loans. This also represents all other loans that cannot be categorized in any of the previous mentioned loan segments. Consumer loans generally have higher interest rates and shorter terms than residential loans but tend to have higher credit risk due to the type of collateral securing the loan or in some cases the absence of collateral.

Leases: The Bank’s wholly-owned subsidiary Bryn Mawr Equipment Financing, Inc. specializes in equipment leases for small- and mid-sized businesses nationally and across a broad range of industries. The Bank’s credit risk generally results from the potential default of borrowers or lessees, which may be driven by customer specific or broader industry related conditions.

Accrued interest receivable on loans and leases, which is reported in Accrued interest receivable on the Consolidated Balance Sheet, totaled $12.1 million as of December 31, 2020 and is excluded from the estimate of credit losses due to our charge-off policy to reverse accrued interest in a timely manner on loans and leases that are 90-days past due and deemed nonperforming. However, the Corporation continued to accrue interest on loans and leases for which payment deferrals have been extended to borrowers affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Deferrals under the Corporation's modification program may be for durations which exceed the Corporation’s 90-day write-off policy for accrued interest. Therefore, these interest deferrals do not qualify for the Corporation’s election to not recognize a credit loss allowance for credit losses on accrued interest receivable. Accordingly, as of December 31, 2020, the Corporation has estimated credit losses for COVID-19 interest deferrals of $64 thousand, which is included as a reduction to Accrued interest receivable on the Consolidated Balance Sheet and Provision for credit losses on the Consolidated Income Statement.

As further described in Note 2, “Recent Accounting Pronouncements,” in the accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K , on January 1, 2020, the Corporation adopted ASU 2016-13 (Topic 326), “Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments,” which replaces the incurred loss methodology with an expected loss methodology that is referred to as the current expected credit loss (or CECL) methodology.

Prior to the adoption of ASC 326 on January 1, 2020, the ACL on loans and leases was maintained at a level that the Corporation believed was sufficient to absorb estimated potential credit losses. Management’s determination of the adequacy of the ACL on loans and leases was based on guidance provided in ASC 450 – Contingencies and ASC 310 - Receivables, and involved the periodic evaluations of the loan and lease portfolio and other relevant factors. However, this evaluation was inherently subjective as it required significant estimates by management. Consideration was given to a variety of factors in establishing these estimates. Quantitative factors in the form of historical net charge-off rates by portfolio segment were considered. In connection with these quantitative factors, management established what it deems to be an adequate look-back period (“LBP”) for the charge-off history. As of December 31, 2019, management utilized a five-year LBP, which it believes adequately captures the trends in charge-offs. In addition, management developed an estimate of a loss emergence period (“LEP”) for each segment of the loan portfolio based on analyses of actual charge-offs tracked back in time to the triggering event for the eventual loss. The LEP estimates the time between the occurrence of a loss event for a borrower and an actual charge-off of a loan. In addition, various qualitative factors were considered, including the specific terms and conditions of loans, changes in underwriting standards, delinquency statistics, industry concentrations and overall exposure of a single customer. In addition, consideration was given to the adequacy of collateral, the dependence on collateral, and the results of internal loan reviews, including a borrower’s financial strengths, their expected cash flows, and their access to additional funds.

Prior to January 1, 2020, a loan or lease was considered impaired when, based on current information, it was probable that management would be unable to collect the contractually scheduled payments of principal or interest. When assessing impairment, management considered various factors, which included payment status, realizable value of collateral and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Loans and leases that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired.

Management determined the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record, and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed.

For loans that indicated possible signs of impairment, which in most cases is based on the performance/non-performance status of the loan, an impairment analysis was conducted based on guidance provided by ASC 310-10. Impairment was measured by (i) the fair value of the collateral, if the loan was collateral-dependent, (ii) the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s contractual effective interest rate, or (iii), less frequently, the loan’s obtainable market price.

In addition to originating loans, the Corporation occasionally acquired loans through mergers or loan purchase transactions. Some of these acquired loans exhibited deteriorated credit quality that has occurred since origination and, as such, management did not expect to collect all contractual payments. Prior to January 1, 2020, accounting for these purchased credit-impaired (“PCI”) loans was done in accordance with ASC 310-30. The loans were recorded at fair value, reflecting the present value of the amounts expected to be collected. Income recognition on these loans was based on a reasonable expectation about the timing and amount of cash flows to be collected. Acquired loans deemed impaired and considered collateral-dependent, with the timing of the sale of loan collateral indeterminate, remained on nonaccrual status and had no accretable yield. On a regular basis, at least quarterly, PCI loans were assessed to determine if there had been any improvement or deterioration of the expected cash flows. If there had been improvement, an adjustment was made to increase the recognition of interest on the PCI loan, as the estimate of expected loss on the loan was reduced. Conversely, if there was deterioration in the expected cash flows of a PCI loan, a provision was recorded in connection with the loan.

Management estimates expected credit losses over the contractual period in which the Corporation is exposed to credit risk via a contractual obligation to extend credit, unless that obligation is unconditionally cancellable by the Corporation. The ACL on OBS credit exposure, included within Other Liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet, is adjusted as a provision for credit loss expense included within Provision for credit losses on the Consolidated Statement of Income. The estimate includes consideration of the likelihood that funding will occur and an estimate of expected credit losses on commitments expected to be funded over its estimated life. Management estimates the amount of expected losses, for exposures that are not unconditionally cancellable by the bank, by first calculating a commitment usage factor over the contractual period. Management then applies the loss factors for the applicable portfolio segment as determined in the ACL on loans and leases methodology to the results of the usage calculation to estimate the liability for credit losses related to unfunded commitments. No credit loss estimate is reported for OBS credit exposures that are unconditionally cancellable by the Bank.

A TDR occurs when a creditor, for economic or legal reasons related to a borrower’s financial difficulties, modifies the original terms of a loan or lease, or grants a concession to the borrower that it would not otherwise have granted. A concession may include an extension of repayment terms, a reduction in the interest rate, or the forgiveness of principal and/or accrued interest. If the debtor is experiencing financial difficulty and the creditor has granted a concession, the Corporation will make the necessary disclosures related to the TDR. In certain cases, a modification or concession may be made in an effort to retain a customer who is not experiencing financial difficulty. This type of modification is not considered a TDR.

The Corporation has implemented various consumer and commercial loan modification programs to provide its borrowers relief from the economic impacts of COVID-19. In accordance with the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”), loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty related to the COVID-19 pandemic which were granted modifications after March 1, 2020 and which were not more than 30 days past due as of December 31, 2019 are exempt from TDR classification. In addition, for loans modified in response to the COVID-19 pandemic that do not meet the above delinquency criteria (e.g., not more than 30 days past due as of December 31, 2019), the Corporation applies the guidance included in an interagency statement issued by the bank regulatory agencies. This guidance states that loan modifications performed in light of the COVID-19 pandemic, including loan payment deferrals that are up to six months in duration, that were granted to borrowers who were less than 30 days past due as of the implementation date of a loan modification program or modifications granted under government mandated modification programs, are also exempt from TDR classification. For loan modifications that include a payment deferral and are not TDRs, the borrower’s past due and nonaccrual status will not be impacted during the deferral period. Interest income will continue to be recognized over the contractual life of the loan. As of December 31, 2020, 66 consumer loans and leases in the amount of $7.3 million and 37 commercial loans in the amount of

OREO consists of assets that the Corporation has acquired through foreclosure by either accepting a deed in lieu of foreclosure, or by taking possession of assets that were used as loan collateral. The Corporation reports OREO on the balance sheet as part of other assets, at the lower of cost or fair value less cost to sell, adjusted periodically based on current appraisals. Costs relating to the development or improvement of assets, as well as the costs required to obtain legal title to the property, are capitalized, while costs related to holding the property are charged to expense as incurred.

Other investments include Community Reinvestment Act (“CRA”) investments and equity stocks without a readily determinable fair value. The Corporation’s investments in equity stocks include those issued by the Federal Home Loan Bank of Pittsburgh (“FHLB”), the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia (“FRB”) and Atlantic Central Bankers Bank. The Corporation is required to hold FHLB stock as a condition of its borrowing funds from the FHLB. As of December 31, 2020, the carrying value of the Corporation’s FHLB stock was $12.7 million. In addition, the Corporation is required to hold FRB stock based on the Corporation’s capital. As of December 31, 2020, the carrying value of the Corporation’s FRB stock was $12.5 million. Ownership of FHLB and FRB stock is restricted and there is no market for these securities. For further information on the FHLB stock, see Note 11, “Short-Term Borrowings and Long-Term FHLB Advances,” in the accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Premises and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method based on estimated useful lives of the assets. Depreciation of leasehold improvements is calculated using the straight-line method over the lives of the related leases or useful lives of the related assets, whichever is shorter. Whenever events or changes in circumstances dictate, the Corporation tests its long-lived assets for impairment by determining whether the sum of the estimated undiscounted future cash flows attributable to a long-lived asset or asset group is less than the carrying amount of the long-lived asset or asset group. In the event the carrying amount of the long-lived asset or asset group is not recoverable, an impairment loss is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of the long-lived asset or asset group exceeds its fair value. Maintenance, repairs and minor improvements are charged to noninterest expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income as incurred.

For cloud computing arrangements in a service contract, the Corporation capitalizes costs for implementation activities in the application development stage depending on the nature of the costs. The costs incurred during the preliminary project and post-implementation stages are expensed as the activities are performed. The costs capitalized are expensed over the term of the hosting arrangement, which is the fixed, noncancelable term of the arrangement, plus any reasonably certain renewal periods. The capitalized implementation costs and amortization expense related to these costs are included in Other assets and Other operating expenses in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and Consolidated Statements of Income, respectively. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Corporation had $6.9 million and $2.9 million of capitalized software implementation costs for cloud computing arrangements in a service contract. Amortization expense related to these capitalized implementation costs for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 amounted to $618 thousand and $280 thousand, respectively.

ROU assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date. Operating lease liabilities represent the present value of unpaid lease payments, including extension options that the Corporation is reasonably certain will be exercised. As the majority of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use our estimated incremental borrowing rate at the lease commencement date to determine the present value of unpaid lease payments. ROU assets represent our right to use underlying assets and are recorded as operating lease liabilities adjusted for prepayments or accrued lease payments, initial direct costs, lease incentives, and impairment of ROU assets.

The Corporation’s leases include fixed rental payments, and certain of our leases also include variable rental payments where lease payments may increase at pre-determined dates based on the change in the consumer price index. The Corporation’s lease agreements include gross leases as well as leases in which we make separate payments to the lessor for items such as the property taxes assessed on the property or a portion of the common area maintenance associated with the property. We have elected the practical expedient not to separate lease and non-lease components for all of our building leases. The Corporation also elected to not recognize ROU assets and lease liabilities for short-term leases, which consist of certain leases of the Corporation’s limited-hour retirement community offices.

As of December 31, 2020, the Corporation had two non-qualified defined-benefit supplemental executive retirement plans and a postretirement benefit plan as discussed in Note 16, “Pension and Postretirement Benefit Plans,” in the accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Net pension expense related to the defined-benefit consists of service cost, interest cost, return on plan assets, amortization of prior service cost, amortization of transition obligations and amortization of net actuarial gains and losses. As it relates to the costs associated with the post-retirement benefit plan, the costs are recognized as they are incurred.

The Corporation recognizes all derivative financial instruments on its balance sheet at fair value. Derivatives that are not hedges must be adjusted to fair value through income. The Corporation enters into interest rate swaps that allow commercial loan customers to effectively convert a variable-rate commercial loan agreement to a fixed-rate commercial loan agreement. Under these agreements, the Corporation originates variable-rate loans with customers in addition to interest rate swap agreements, which serve to effectively swap the customers’ variable-rate loans into fixed-rate loans. The Corporation then enters into corresponding swap agreements with swap dealer counterparties to economically hedge its exposure on the variable and fixed components of the customer agreements. The interest rate swaps with both the customers and third parties are not designated as hedges under FASB ASC 815 and are marked to market through earnings. As the interest rate swaps are structured to offset each other, changes to the underlying benchmark interest rates considered in the valuation of these instruments do not result in an impact to earnings; however, there may be fair value adjustments related to credit quality variations between counterparties, which may impact earnings as required by FASB ASC 820.

In addition to interest rate swaps with customers, the Corporation may also enter into a risk participation agreement with another institution as a means to assume a portion of the credit risk associated with a loan structure which includes a derivative instrument, in exchange for fee income commensurate with the risk assumed. This type of derivative is referred to as an “RPA sold.” In addition, in an effort to reduce the credit risk associated with an interest rate swap agreement with a borrower for whom the Corporation has provided a loan structured with a derivative, the Corporation may purchase a risk participation agreement from an institution participating in the facility in exchange for a fee commensurate with the risk shared. This type of derivative is referred to as an “RPA purchased.”

If a derivative has qualified as a hedge, depending on the nature of the hedge, changes in the fair value of the derivative are either offset against the change in fair value of the hedged assets, liabilities, or firm commitments through earnings, or recognized in other comprehensive income until the hedged item is recognized in earnings. The ineffective portion of a derivative’s change in fair value is recognized in earnings immediately. To determine fair value, management uses valuations obtained from a third party which utilizes a pricing model that incorporates assumptions about market conditions and risks that are current as of the reporting date. Management reviews, annually, the inputs utilized by its independent third-party valuation organization.

The Corporation may use interest-rate swap agreements to modify the interest rate characteristics from variable to fixed, or fixed to variable, in order to reduce the impact of interest rate changes on future net interest income. If present, the Corporation accounts for its interest-rate swap contracts in cash flow hedging relationships by establishing and documenting the effectiveness of the instrument in offsetting the change in cash flows of assets or liabilities that are being hedged. To determine effectiveness, the management performs an analysis to identify if changes in fair value or cash flow of the derivative correlate to the equivalent changes in the forecasted interest receipts or payments related to a specified hedged item. Recorded amounts related to interest-rate swaps are included in other assets or liabilities. The change in fair value of the ineffective part of the

instrument would need to be charged to the Statement of Income, potentially causing material fluctuations in reported earnings in the period of the change relative to comparable periods. In a fair value hedge, the fair value of the interest rate swap agreements and changes in the fair value of the hedged items are recorded in the Corporation’s consolidated balance sheets with the corresponding gain or loss being recognized in current earnings. The difference between changes in the fair values of interest rate swap agreements and the hedged items represents hedge ineffectiveness, and is recorded in net interest income in the statement of income. Management performs an assessment, both at the inception of the hedge and quarterly thereafter, to determine whether these derivatives are highly effective in offsetting changes in the value of the hedged items.

All share-based payments, including grants of stock options, restricted stock awards and performance-based stock awards, are recognized as compensation expense in the statement of income at their fair value. The fair value of stock option grants is determined using the Black-Scholes pricing model which considers the expected life of the options, the volatility of our stock price, risk-free interest rate and annual dividend yield. The fair value of the restricted stock awards and performance-based awards whose performance is measured based on an internally produced metric is based on their closing price on the grant date, while the fair value of the performance-based stock awards which use an external measure, such as total stockholder return, is based on their grant-date market value adjusted for the likelihood of attaining certain pre-determined performance goals and is calculated by utilizing a Monte Carlo Simulation model.

Basic earnings per common share excludes dilution and is computed by dividing income available to common shareholders by the weighted-average common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per common share takes into account the potential dilution that would occur if in-the-money stock options were exercised and converted into shares of common stock and restricted stock awards and performance-based stock awards were vested. Proceeds assumed to have been received on options exercises are assumed to be used to purchase shares of BMBC’s common stock at the average market price during the period, as required by the treasury stock method of accounting. The effects of stock options are excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share in periods in which the effect would be antidilutive.

Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carry-forwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. Net deferred tax assets are included within the other assets line item on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The Corporation recognizes the benefit of a tax position only after determining that the Corporation would more-likely-than-not sustain the position following an examination. For tax positions meeting the more-likely-than-not threshold, the amount recognized in the Consolidated Financial Statements is the largest benefit that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon settlement with the relevant tax authority. Management applies these criteria to tax positions for which the statute of limitations remains open.

The Corporation earns wealth management fee revenue from a variety of sources including fees from trust administration and other related fiduciary services, custody, investment management and advisory services, employee benefit account and IRA administration, estate settlement, tax service fees, shareholder service fees and brokerage. These fees are generally based on asset values and fluctuate with the market. Some revenue is not directly tied to asset value but is based on a flat fee for services

The most significant portion of the Corporation’s wealth management fees is derived from trust administration and other related services, custody, investment management and advisory services, and employee benefit account and IRA administration. These fees are generally billed monthly, in arrears, based on the market value of assets at the end of the previous billing period. A smaller number of customers are billed in a similar manner, but on a quarterly or annual basis, and some revenues are not based on market values.

A portion of the residential mortgage loans originated by the Corporation is sold to third parties; however, the Corporation may retain the servicing rights related to these loans. A fee, usually based on a percentage of the outstanding principal balance of the loan, is received in return for these services. Gains on the sale of these loans are based on the specific identification method.

An intangible asset, referred to as mortgage servicing rights (“MSRs") is recognized when a loan’s servicing rights are retained upon sale of a loan. MSRs are initially recorded at fair value based on a third-party valuation model which calculates the present value of estimated future servicing income. The model incorporates assumptions that market participants use in estimating future net servicing income, including estimates of prepayment speeds and discount rates. Mortgage loan prepayment speed is the annual rate at which borrowers are forecasted to repay their mortgage loan principal and is based on historical experience. The discount rate is used to determine the present value of future net servicing income. Another key assumption in the model is the required rate of return the market would expect for an asset with similar risk. These assumptions can, and generally will, change quarterly valuations as market conditions and interest rates change. Subsequent to the initial valuation, MSRs amortize to noninterest expense in proportion to, and over the period of, the estimated future net servicing life of the underlying loans.

MSRs are evaluated quarterly for impairment based upon the fair value of the rights as compared to their carrying amount. Impairment is determined by stratifying the MSRs by predominant characteristics, such as interest rate and terms. Impairment is recognized through a valuation allowance for an individual grouping, to the extent that fair value is less than the carrying amount. If management later determines that all of a portion of the impairment no longer exists for a particular grouping, a reduction of the allowance may be recorded as an increase to income. Changes in valuation allowances are reported within Other operating expenses on the Consolidated Statement of Income. The fair value of servicing rights are subject to significant fluctuations as a result of changes in estimated and actual prepayment speeds and default rates and losses.

The Corporation accounts for goodwill and intangible assets in accordance with ASC 350, “Intangibles – Goodwill and Other.” The amount of goodwill initially recorded is based on the fair value of the acquired entity at the time of acquisition. Management performs goodwill and intangible assets impairment testing annually, as of October 31, or when events occur or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the acquisition or investment. Goodwill impairment is tested on a reporting unit level. The Corporation currently has three reporting units: Banking, Wealth Management and Insurance. As of December 31, 2020, the Insurance reporting unit did not meet the quantitative thresholds for separate disclosure as an operating segment, and is therefore reported as a component of the Wealth Management segment, based on its internal reporting structure. While the Insurance reporting unit did not meet the threshold for reporting as a separate operating segment for goodwill testing, the Insurance segment was tested for impairment. An operating segment is a component of an enterprise that engages in business activities from which it may earn revenues and incur expenses, whose operating results are regularly reviewed by the enterprise’s chief operating decision makers to make decisions about resources to be allocated to the segment and assess its performance, and for which discrete financial information is available.