T. Rowe Price New Income Fund, Inc.

T. Rowe Price<br/>New Income Fund<br/><br/>Investor Class<br/><br/>I Class<br/><br/>Advisor Class<br/><br/>R Class<br/><br/><b>SUMMARY</b>

<b>Investment Objective</b>

The fund seeks to maximize total return through income and capital appreciation.

<b>Fees and Expenses</b>

This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the fund. You may also incur brokerage commissions and other charges when buying or selling shares of the fund, which are not reflected in the table.

<b>Fees and Expenses of the Fund</b><br/><br/><b>Shareholder fees (fees paid directly from your investment)</b>

Shareholder Fees - T. Rowe Price New Income Fund, Inc. - USD ($)	Investor Class		I Class	Advisor Class	R Class
Maximum account fee	$ 20	[1]

<b>Annual fund operating expenses<br/>(expenses that you pay each year as a<br/>percentage of the value of your investment)</b>

Annual Fund Operating Expenses - T. Rowe Price New Income Fund, Inc.		Investor Class	I Class	Advisor Class	R Class
Management fees	[1]	0.38%	0.38%	0.38%	0.38%
Distribution and service (12b-1) fees				0.25%	0.50%
Other expenses		0.16%	0.02%	0.17%	0.27%
Acquired fund fees and expenses		0.02%	0.02%	0.02%	0.02%
Total annual fund operating expenses	[2]	0.56%	0.42%	0.82%	1.17%
Fee waiver/expense reimbursement	[1],[3]	(0.03%)	(0.03%)	(0.03%)	(0.02%)	[4]
Total annual fund operating expenses after fee waiver/expense reimbursement	[1],[2]	0.53%	0.39%	0.79%	1.15%	[4]

<b>Example</b>

This example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods, that your investment has a 5% return each year, and that the fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The example also assumes that an expense limitation arrangement currently in place is not renewed; therefore, the figures have been adjusted to reflect fee waivers or expense reimbursements only in the periods for which the expense limitation arrangement is expected to continue. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

Expense Example - T. Rowe Price New Income Fund, Inc. - USD ($)	1 year	3 years	5 years	10 years
Investor Class	54	172	301	676
I Class	40	127	223	504
Advisor Class	81	254	443	989
R Class	117	365	633	1,398

<b>Portfolio Turnover</b>

The fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when the fund’s shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the example, affect the fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 96.1% of the average value of its portfolio.

<b>Investments, Risks, and Performance<br/><br/>Principal Investment Strategies</b>

The fund will invest at least 80% of its total assets in income-producing securities, which may include, but are not limited to, U.S. government and agency obligations, mortgage- and asset-backed securities (including commercial mortgage-backed securities), corporate bonds, foreign bonds, and Treasury inflation protected securities.

Active management of the portfolio can result in bonds being sold at gains or losses. However, over the long term, the fund seeks to achieve its objective by investing primarily in income-producing securities that possess what the fund believes are favorable total return (income plus increases in principal value) characteristics.

Eighty percent (80%) of the debt securities purchased by the fund will be rated investment grade (i.e., rated in one of the four highest rating categories) by each of the major credit rating agencies (Standard & Poor’s, Moody’s, and Fitch) that have assigned a rating to the security or, if unrated, deemed to be of investment-grade quality by T. Rowe Price. Up to 15% of the fund’s total assets may be invested in “split-rated securities,” which are securities that have been rated investment grade by at least one rating agency but below investment grade by another rating agency. The fund may invest up to 20% of its total assets in non-U.S. dollar-denominated foreign debt securities (including securities of issuers in emerging markets) and take currency positions to hedge this exposure as well as to capture appreciation from favorable currency changes. In addition, the fund may maintain a net exposure of up to 5% of its total assets in instruments (through direct holdings and derivatives) that have received below investment-grade ratings from each of the rating agencies that have assigned ratings to the instruments or, if unrated, deemed to be below investment-grade quality by T. Rowe Price (including high yield or “junk” bonds).

The fund has considerable flexibility in seeking high income. There are no maturity restrictions so the fund can purchase longer-term bonds, which tend to have higher yields than shorter-term bonds. In addition, when there is a large yield difference between the various quality levels, the fund may move down the credit scale and purchase lower-rated bonds with higher yields. When the difference is small or the outlook warrants, the fund may concentrate investments in higher-rated issues.

The fund may purchase or sell mortgage-backed securities on a delayed delivery or forward commitment basis through the “to-be-announced” (TBA) market. With TBA transactions, the particular securities to be delivered are not identified at the trade date but the delivered securities must meet specified terms and standards. The fund would generally enter into TBA transactions with the intention of taking possession of the underlying mortgage-backed securities. However, in an effort to obtain underlying mortgage securities on more preferable terms or to enhance returns, the fund may extend the settlement by entering into “dollar roll” transactions in which the fund sells mortgage-backed securities and simultaneously agrees to purchase substantially similar securities on a future date.

While most assets will typically be invested in bonds, the fund also uses interest rate futures and forward currency exchange contracts in keeping with the fund’s objective. Interest rate futures would typically be used to manage the fund’s exposure to interest rate changes or to adjust portfolio duration. Forward currency exchange contracts would be used to gain exposure to certain currencies expected to increase or decrease in value relative to other currencies or to protect the fund’s foreign bond holdings from adverse currency movements relative to the U.S. dollar.

The fund may sell holdings for a variety of reasons, such as to adjust the portfolio’s average maturity, duration, or overall credit quality, or to shift assets into and out of higher-yielding or lower-yielding securities or certain sectors.

<b>Principal Risks</b>

As with any mutual fund, there is no guarantee that the fund will achieve its objective. The fund’s share price fluctuates, which means you could lose money by investing in the fund. The principal risks of investing in this fund are summarized as follows:

Active management risks The investment adviser’s judgments about the attractiveness, value, or potential appreciation of the fund’s investments may prove to be incorrect. The fund could underperform in comparison to other funds with a similar benchmark or similar objectives and investment strategies if the fund’s overall investment selections or strategies fail to produce the intended results.

Fixed income markets risks Economic and other market developments can adversely affect fixed income securities markets. At times, participants in these markets may develop concerns about the ability of certain issuers of debt instruments to make timely principal and interest payments, or they may develop concerns about the ability of financial institutions that make markets in certain debt instruments to facilitate an orderly market. Those concerns could cause increased volatility and reduced liquidity in particular securities or in the overall fixed income markets and the related derivatives markets. A lack of liquidity or other adverse credit market conditions may hamper the fund’s ability to sell the debt instruments in which it invests or to find and purchase suitable debt instruments.

Interest rate risks The prices of, and the income generated by, debt instruments held by the fund may be affected by changes in interest rates. A rise in interest rates typically causes the price of a fixed rate debt instrument to fall and its yield to rise. Conversely, a decline in interest rates typically causes the price of a fixed rate debt instrument to rise and the yield to fall. Generally, funds with longer weighted average maturities and durations carry greater interest rate risk. In recent years, the U.S. and many global markets have experienced historically low interest rates. However, interest rates have begun to rise and may continue doing so, increasing the exposure of bond investors such as the fund to the risks associated with rising interest rates.

Credit risks An issuer of a debt instrument could suffer an adverse change in financial condition that results in a payment default (a failure to make scheduled interest or principal payments), rating downgrade, or inability to meet a financial obligation. The fund’s exposure to credit risk is increased to the extent the fund invests in noninvestment-grade bonds (“junk” bonds). Junk bonds should be considered speculative as they carry greater risk of default and erratic price swings due to adverse changes in the credit quality of the issuer.

Prepayment and extension risks The fund is subject to prepayment risks because the principal on mortgage-backed securities, other asset-backed securities, or any debt instrument with an embedded call option may be prepaid at any time, which could reduce the security’s yield and market value. The rate of prepayments tends to increase as interest rates fall, which could cause the average maturity of the portfolio to shorten. Extension risk may result from a rise in interest rates, which tends to make mortgage-backed securities, asset-backed securities, and other callable debt instruments more volatile.

TBA/Dollar roll risks Although the securities that are delivered in TBA transactions must meet certain standards, there is a risk that the actual securities received by the fund may be less favorable than what was anticipated when entering into the transaction. TBA transactions are collateralized but they still involve the risk that a counterparty will fail to deliver the security, exposing the fund to potential losses. Whether or not the fund takes delivery of the securities at the termination date of a TBA transaction, it will nonetheless be exposed to changes in the value of the underlying investments during the term of the agreement. Also, the fund’s portfolio turnover rate and transaction costs are increased when the fund enters into dollar roll transactions.

Liquidity risks The fund may not be able to sell a holding in a timely manner at a desired price. Reduced liquidity in the bond markets can result from a number of events, such as limited trading activity, reductions in bond inventory, and rapid or unexpected changes in interest rates. Less liquid markets could lead to greater price volatility and limit the fund’s ability to sell a holding at a suitable price.

Foreign investing risks The fund’s investments in foreign holdings may be adversely affected by local, political, social, and economic conditions overseas, greater volatility, reduced liquidity, or decreases in foreign currency values relative to the U.S. dollar. These risks are heightened for the fund’s investments in emerging markets, which are more susceptible to governmental interference, less efficient trading markets, and the imposition of local taxes or restrictions on gaining access to sales proceeds for foreign investors.

Currency risks Because the fund may invest in securities issued in foreign currencies, the fund could experience losses based solely on the weakness of foreign currencies versus the U.S. dollar and changes in the exchange rates between such currencies and the U.S. dollar. Any attempts at currency hedging may not be successful and could cause the fund to lose money.

Derivatives risks The fund uses interest rate futures and forward currency exchange contracts and is therefore exposed to additional volatility in comparison to investing directly in bonds and other debt instruments. These instruments can be illiquid and difficult to value, may involve leverage so that small changes produce disproportionate losses for the fund and, if not traded on an exchange, are subject to the risk that a counterparty to the transaction will fail to meet its obligations under the derivatives contract. The fund’s principal use of derivatives involves the risk that anticipated changes in currency values, currency exchange rates, interest rates, or the creditworthiness of an issuer will not be accurately predicted, which could significantly harm the fund’s performance, and the risk that regulatory developments could negatively affect the fund’s investments in such instruments. Changes in regulations could significantly impact the fund’s ability to invest in specific types of derivatives, which could limit the fund’s ability to employ certain strategies that use derivatives.

Portfolio turnover risks The fund may actively and frequently trade its portfolio securities or other instruments to carry out its investment strategies. High portfolio turnover may adversely affect the fund’s performance and increase transaction costs, which could increase the fund’s expenses. High portfolio turnover may also result in the distribution of higher capital gains when compared to a fund with less active trading policies, which could have an adverse tax impact if the fund’s shares are held in a taxable account.

<b>Performance</b>

The following performance information provides some indication of the risks of investing in the fund. The fund’s performance information represents only past performance (before and after taxes) and is not necessarily an indication of future results.

The following bar chart illustrates how much returns can differ from year to year by showing calendar year returns and the best and worst calendar quarter returns during those years for the fund’s Investor Class. Returns for other share classes vary since they have different expenses.

<b>New Income Fund<br/>Calendar Year Returns</b>

	Quarter Ended	Total Return		Quarter Ended	Total Return
Best Quarter	6/30/09	5.07%	Worst Quarter	12/31/16	-3.09%

The fund’s return for the six months ended 6/30/18 was -1.75%.

The following table shows the average annual total returns for each class of the fund that has been in operation for at least one full calendar year, and also compares the returns with the returns of a relevant broad-based market index, as well as with the returns of one or more comparative indexes that have investment characteristics similar to those of the fund.

In addition, the table shows hypothetical after-tax returns to demonstrate how taxes paid by a shareholder may influence returns. After-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on an investor’s tax situation and may differ from those shown. After-tax returns shown are not relevant to investors who hold their fund shares through tax-deferred arrangements, such as a 401(k) account or an IRA. After-tax returns are shown only for the Investor Class and will differ for other share classes.

<b>Average Annual Total Returns</b><br/><br/><b>Periods ended </b><br/><b>December 31, 2017</b>

Average Annual Total Returns - T. Rowe Price New Income Fund, Inc.	1 Year	5 Years	10 Years	Since inception		Inception date
Investor Class	4.01%	2.02%	4.26%			Aug. 31, 1973
Investor Class | Returns after taxes on distributions	2.82%	0.84%	2.85%			Aug. 31, 1973
Investor Class | Returns after taxes on distributions and sale of fund shares	2.26%	1.01%	2.75%			Aug. 31, 1973
I Class	4.16%			2.95%		Aug. 28, 2015
Advisor Class	3.75%	1.78%	4.00%			Sep. 30, 2002
R Class	3.37%	1.45%	3.70%			Sep. 30, 2002
Bloomberg Barclays U.S. Aggregate Bond Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes)	3.54%	2.10%	4.01%	2.66%	[1]	Aug. 28, 2015
Lipper Core Bond Funds Average	3.56%	1.95%	3.83%	2.72%	[2]	Aug. 31, 2015

Updated performance information is available through troweprice.com.

[1] Subject to certain exceptions, accounts with a balance of less than $10,000 are charged an annual $20 fee.

[1] T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc., has contractually agreed (at least through September 30, 2019) to waive a portion of the fund’s management fee so that the individual fund fee of 0.0765% is applied to the fund’s average daily net assets that are equal or greater than $20 billion. After September 30, 2019 the agreement will automatically renew unless terminated by the fund’s Board of Directors. Any fees waived under this agreement are not subject to reimbursement to T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc., by the fund.

[2] The figures shown in the fee table do not match the “Ratio of expenses to average net assets” shown in the Financial Highlights table, as that figure does not include acquired fund fees and expenses and excludes expenses permanently waived as a result of investments in other T. Rowe Price Funds.

[3] T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc., is required to permanently waive a portion of its management fee charged to the fund in an amount sufficient to fully offset any acquired fund fees and expenses related to investments in other T. Rowe Price Funds. The amount of the waiver will vary each fiscal year in proportion to the amount invested in other T. Rowe Price Funds. The T. Rowe Price Funds would be required to seek regulatory approval in order to terminate this arrangement.

[4] T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc., has agreed (through September 30, 2020) to waive its fees and/or bear any expenses (excluding interest; expenses related to borrowings, taxes, and brokerage; nonrecurring, extraordinary expenses; and acquired fund fees and expenses) that would cause the class’ ratio of expenses to average daily net assets to exceed 1.15%. The agreement may be terminated at any time beyond September 30, 2020, with approval by the fund’s Board of Directors. Fees waived and expenses paid under this agreement (and a previous limitation of 1.15%) are subject to reimbursement to T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc., by the fund whenever the class’ expense ratio is below 1.15%. However, no reimbursement will be made more than three years from the date such amounts were initially waived or reimbursed. The fund may only make repayments to T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc., if such repayment does not cause the class’ expense ratio (after the repayment is taken into account) to exceed both: (1) the expense limitation in place at the time such amounts were waived; and (2) the class’ current expense limitation.

[1] Return since 8/28/15.

[2] Return since 8/31/15.