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INCOME TAXES
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
INCOME TAXES
INCOME TAXES
The Company recorded income tax expense of $106.4 million, a 29.4% effective tax rate, for the thirty-nine weeks ended September 30, 2018 compared to income tax expense of $278.0 million, a 32.2% effective tax rate, for the thirty-nine weeks ended September 24, 2017. The decrease in income tax expense in 2018 resulted primarily from a reduction in pre-tax income as well as a reduction in the U.S. corporate income tax rate as a result of the recently enacted comprehensive tax legislation, partially offset by the recognition of the one-time transition tax discussed below.
On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted comprehensive tax legislation (the “Tax Act”), which significantly revises the ongoing U.S. corporate income tax law by lowering the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate from 35.0% to 21.0%, implementing a territorial tax system, imposing a one-time tax on foreign unremitted earnings and setting limitations on deductibility of certain costs (e.g., interest expense), among other things.
The Company is applying the guidance in Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) 118 when accounting for the enactment-date effects of the Tax Act. As of September 30, 2018, the Company has not completed its accounting for all of the tax effects of the Tax Act. In certain cases, as described below, the Company has made a reasonable estimate of certain effects of the Tax Act. In other cases, the Company has not been able to make a reasonable estimate and continues to account for those items based on existing accounting under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 740, Income Taxes, and the provisions of the tax laws that were in effect immediately prior to enactment. For example, the Company has yet to make a reasonable estimate for the effect of the various federal income tax elements of the Tax Act on its state tax rate. In all cases, the Company will continue to make and refine its calculations as additional analysis is completed. Estimates may also be affected as the Company gains a more thorough understanding of the Tax Act. These changes could be material to income tax expense.
As of December 31, 2017, the Company estimated no tax liability on foreign unremitted earnings due to a net earnings and profits (“E&P”) deficit on accumulated post-1986 deferred foreign income. Therefore, the Company did not accrue any amount of tax expense for the Tax Act’s one-time transition tax on the foreign subsidiaries’ accumulated, unremitted earnings going back to 1986 for the year ended December 31, 2017. Upon further analysis of certain aspects of the Tax Act and a refinement of the historical calculation of E&P on accumulated post-1986 deferred foreign income, the Company made sufficient progress during the thirty-nine weeks ended September 30, 2018 in the E&P analysis of its foreign subsidiaries and recalculated significant overall positive E&P. Therefore, due to this recalculation, the Company estimates a $26.4 million tax liability for the one-time transition tax as of September 30, 2018. This one-time transition adjustment increased the effective tax rate for the thirty-nine weeks ended September 30, 2018 by approximately 7.0%. Additionally, this amount will be reported on the Company's federal income tax return for the tax period ended December 31, 2017. As the Company gains a more thorough understanding of the tax law and further Tax Act guidance is released, the Company will continue to refine its E&P analysis and adjust its calculations of the one-time transition tax accordingly. Any adjustment may materially and adversely affect the measurement of this liability. No additional income taxes have been provided for any remaining undistributed foreign earnings not subject to the one-time transition tax or any additional outside basis difference inherent in these foreign subsidiaries, as these amounts continue to be permanently reinvested in foreign operations.
The Tax Act subjects a U.S. shareholder to tax on global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”) earned by certain foreign subsidiaries. The FASB Staff Q&A, Topic 740, No. 5, Accounting for GILTI, states that an entity can make an accounting policy election to either recognize deferred taxes for temporary basis differences expected to reverse as GILTI in future years or provide for the tax expense related to GILTI in the year the tax is incurred as a period expense only. Given the complexity of the GILTI provisions, the Company is still evaluating the effects of the GILTI provisions and has not yet determined the accounting policy it will elect. As of September 30, 2018, the Company is estimating a $5.9 million federal GILTI tax liability, which is reflected in the Company's estimated annual effective tax rate.
The Tax Act provides for a foreign-derived intangible income (“FDII”) deduction, which is available to domestic C corporations that derive income from the export of property and services. As of September 30, 2018, the Company estimated a federal FDII benefit of $0.2 million, which is reflected in the Company’s estimated annual effective tax rate. The Company will continue to refine its FDII calculations, which may result in changes to this estimated benefit.
In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities (including the impact of available carry back and carry forward periods), projected future taxable income and tax-planning strategies in making this assessment. As of September 30, 2018, the Company did not believe it had sufficient positive evidence to conclude that realization of a portion of its foreign net deferred tax assets are more likely than not to be realized.
For the thirty-nine weeks ended September 30, 2018 and September 24, 2017, there is a tax effect of ($0.3) million and $4.5 million, respectively, reflected in other comprehensive income.
For the thirty-nine weeks ended September 30, 2018 and September 24, 2017, there are immaterial tax effects reflected in income tax expense due to excess tax benefits related to share-based compensation.
The Company and its subsidiaries file a variety of consolidated and standalone income tax returns in various jurisdictions. In the normal course of business, our income tax filings are subject to review by various taxing authorities. In general, tax returns filed by our Company and our subsidiaries for years prior to 2011 are no longer subject to examination by tax authorities.