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Loans and Leases
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2020
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Abstract]  
Loans and Leases Loans and Leases
The following table summarizes loans and leases:
(In thousands)At June 30,
2020		At December 31, 2019
Commercial non-mortgage$7,014,407  $5,296,611  
Asset-based940,524  1,046,886  
Commercial real estate6,207,314  5,949,339  
Equipment financing591,838  537,341  
Total commercial portfolio14,754,083  12,830,177  
Residential4,921,573  4,972,685  
Home equity1,924,013  2,014,544  
Other consumer202,848  219,580  
Total consumer portfolio7,048,434  7,206,809  
Loans and leases (1) (2) (3)
$21,802,517  $20,036,986  
(1)Loan balances include net deferred fees/costs and net premiums/discounts of $(16.5) million and $17.6 million at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
(2)At June 30, 2020 the Company had pledged $8.0 billion of eligible loans as collateral to support borrowing capacity at the Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) of Boston and the Federal Reserve Bank (FRB) of Boston.
(3)Loan balances exclude accrued interest receivable of $55.5 million and $59.0 million at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, which is included in accrued interest and other assets in the consolidated balance sheet.
Equipment financing includes net investment in leases of $226.8 million, with total undiscounted cash flows, primarily due within the next five years, amounting to $246.0 million, at June 30, 2020. This lessor activity resulted in interest income of $1.8 million and $1.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $3.4 million and $2.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
Loans and Leases Aging
The following tables summarize the aging of loans and leases:
 At June 30, 2020
(In thousands)30-59 Days
Past Due and
Accruing		60-89 Days
Past Due and
Accruing		90 or More Days Past Due
and Accruing		Non-accrualTotal Past Due and Non-accrualCurrentTotal Loans
and Leases
Commercial non-mortgage$6,931  $579  $—  $67,542  $75,052  $6,939,355  $7,014,407  
Asset-based—  —  —  138  138  940,386  940,524  
Commercial real estate1,206  1,165  198  15,902  18,471  6,188,843  6,207,314  
Equipment financing5,590  855  —  7,793  14,238  577,600  591,838  
Residential7,445  8,064  —  46,579  62,088  4,859,485  4,921,573  
Home equity4,603  1,764  —  34,022  40,389  1,883,624  1,924,013  
Other consumer845  670  —  1,217  2,732  200,116  202,848  
Total$26,620  $13,097  $198  $173,193  $213,108  $21,589,409  $21,802,517  

 At December 31, 2019
(In thousands)30-59 Days
Past Due and
Accruing		60-89 Days
Past Due and
Accruing		90 or More Days Past Due
and Accruing		Non-accrualTotal Past Due and Non-accrualCurrentTotal Loans
and Leases
Commercial non-mortgage$2,094  $617  $—  $59,369  $62,080  $5,234,531  $5,296,611  
Asset-based—  —  —  139  139  1,046,747  1,046,886  
Commercial real estate1,256  454  —  11,563  13,273  5,936,066  5,949,339  
Equipment financing5,493  292  —  5,433  11,218  526,123  537,341  
Residential7,166  6,441  —  43,193  56,800  4,915,885  4,972,685  
Home equity8,267  5,551  —  30,170  43,988  1,970,556  2,014,544  
Other consumer4,269  807  —  1,192  6,268  213,312  219,580  
Total$28,545  $14,162  $—  $151,059  $193,766  $19,843,220  $20,036,986  
The following table provides additional detail related to loans and leases on non-accrual status:
At June 30, 2020At December 31, 2019
(In thousands)NonaccrualNonaccrual With No AllowanceNonaccrualNonaccrual With No Allowance
Commercial non-mortgage$67,542  $29,385  $59,369  $13,584  
Asset-based138  —  139  —  
Commercial real estate15,902  3,817  11,563  4,717  
Equipment financing7,793  3,881  5,433  2,159  
Total commercial portfolio91,375  37,083  76,504  20,460  
Residential46,579  34,913  43,193  19,271  
Home equity34,022  27,230  30,170  15,195  
Other consumer1,217  66  1,192  —  
Total consumer portfolio81,818  62,209  74,555  34,466  
Total $173,193  $99,292  $151,059  $54,926  
Interest on non-accrual residential and home equity loans that would have been recorded as additional interest income had the loans been current in accordance with the original terms totaled $3.8 million and $3.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $6.8 million and $6.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
Refer to Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company's Form 10-K, for the year ended December 31, 2019, for details of non-accrual policies.
Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans and Leases
The following tables summarize the activity in, as well as the loan and lease balances that were evaluated for, ACL on loans and leases:

At or for the three months ended June 30, 2020At or for the three months ended June 30, 2019
(In thousands)Commercial PortfolioConsumer PortfolioTotalCommercial PortfolioConsumer PortfolioTotal
ACL on loans and leases:
Balance, beginning of period$261,926  $73,005  $334,931  $164,057  $47,332  $211,389  
Adoption of ASU No. 2016-13 (CECL)
—  —  —  —  —  —  
Provision charged to expense44,605  (4,602) 40,003  7,920  3,980  11,900  
Charge-offs(15,294) (2,780) (18,074) (8,130) (6,252) (14,382) 
Recoveries283  1,379  1,662  497  2,267  2,764  
Balance, end of period291,520  67,002  358,522  164,344  $47,327  211,671  


 At or for the six months ended June 30, 2020At or for the six months ended June 30, 2019
(In thousands)Commercial PortfolioConsumer PortfolioTotalCommercial PortfolioConsumer PortfolioTotal
ACL on loans and leases:
Balance, beginning of period$161,669  $47,427  $209,096  $164,073  $48,280  $212,353  
Adoption of ASU No. 2016-13 (CECL)
34,024  23,544  57,568  —  —  —  
Provision charged to expense115,848  240  116,088  15,910  4,590  20,500  
Charge-offs(20,868) (7,367) (28,235) (16,940) (10,476) (27,416) 
Recoveries847  3,158  4,005  1,301  4,933  6,234  
Balance, end of period$291,520  $67,002  $358,522  $164,344  $47,327  $211,671  
Individually evaluated for impairment$15,271  $4,484  $19,755  $9,520  $5,261  $14,781  
Collectively evaluated for impairment$276,249  $62,518  $338,767  $154,824  $42,066  $196,890  
Loan and lease balances:
Individually evaluated for impairment$165,010  $158,146  $323,156  $115,747  $137,500  $253,247  
Collectively evaluated for impairment14,589,073  6,890,288  21,479,361  12,134,141  6,882,495  19,016,636  
Loans and leases$14,754,083  $7,048,434  $21,802,517  $12,249,888  $7,019,995  $19,269,883  
Credit Quality Indicators. To measure credit risk for the commercial, commercial real estate, and equipment financing portfolios, the Company employs a dual grade credit risk grading system for estimating the PD and the LGD. The Company's credit risk grading system has not changed with the adoption of CECL. The credit risk grade system assigns a rating to each borrower and to the facility, which together form a Composite Credit Risk Profile. The credit risk grade system categorizes borrowers by common financial characteristics that measure the credit strength of borrowers and facilities by common structural characteristics. The Composite Credit Risk Profile has ten grades, with each grade corresponding to a progressively greater risk of loss. Grades (1)-(6) are considered pass ratings, and (7)-(10) are considered criticized as defined by the regulatory agencies. Risk ratings, assigned to differentiate risk within the portfolio, are reviewed on an ongoing basis and revised to reflect changes in a borrowers’ current financial position and outlook, risk profile, and the related collateral and structural position. Loan officers review updated financial information on at least an annual basis for all pass rated loans to assess the accuracy of the risk grade. Criticized loans undergo more frequent reviews and enhanced monitoring.
A (7) "Special Mention" credit has the potential weakness that, if left uncorrected, may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset. A (8) "Substandard" asset has a well-defined weakness that jeopardizes the full repayment of the debt. An asset rated (9) "Doubtful" has all of the same weaknesses as a substandard credit with the added characteristic that the weakness makes collection or liquidation in full, given current facts, conditions, and values, improbable. Assets classified as (10) "Loss" in accordance with regulatory guidelines are considered uncollectible and charged off.
For residential and consumer loans, the most relevant credit characteristic is FICO score. FICO scores are a widely used credit score and range from 300 to 850. A lower FICO score is indicative of higher credit risk. FICO scores are updated at least quarterly.
The following table summarizes commercial, commercial real estate, and equipment financing loans and leases segregated by origination year and risk rating exposure under the Composite Credit Risk Profile grades as of June 30, 2020:
(In thousands)20202019201820172016PriorRevolving Loans Amortized Cost BasisTotal
Commercial non-mortgage
Pass$2,091,770  $1,315,532  $1,075,646  $579,143  $290,622  $301,222  $1,044,939  $6,698,874  
Special mention—  14,107  7,308  1,967  —  2,287  4,075  29,744  
Substandard1,358  29,551  39,811  78,633  30,377  45,159  57,353  282,242  
Doubtful—  3,378  —  169  —  —  —  3,547  
Total commercial non-mortgage2,093,128  1,362,568  1,122,765  659,912  320,999  348,668  1,106,367  7,014,407  
Asset-based
Pass274  22,033  23,192  13,746  11,460  24,119  788,588  883,412  
Special mention—  2,000  825  —  —  1,069  24,310  28,204  
Substandard—  —  —  —  —  —  28,908  28,908  
Total asset-based274  24,033  24,017  13,746  11,460  25,188  841,806  940,524  
Commercial real estate
Pass482,416  1,475,625  1,329,814  668,039  632,735  1,444,747  31,845  6,065,221  
Special mention—  754  33,222  17,137  26,514  2,847  —  80,474  
Substandard426  —  1,053  15,336  2,359  42,445  —  61,619  
Total commercial real estate482,842  1,476,379  1,364,089  700,512  661,608  1,490,039  31,845  6,207,314  
Equipment financing
Pass177,753  169,602  90,000  38,268  60,434  31,716  —  567,773  
Special mention920  555  1,094  —  772  41  —  3,382  
Substandard279  1,424  5,886  2,672  4,795  5,627  —  20,683  
Total equipment financing178,952  171,581  96,980  40,940  66,001  37,384  —  591,838  
Total commercial portfolio$2,755,196  $3,034,561  $2,607,851  $1,415,110  $1,060,068  $1,901,279  $1,980,018  $14,754,083  
The following table summarizes residential and consumer loans segregated by origination year and risk rating exposure under FICO score groupings as of June 30, 2020:
(In thousands)20202019201820172016PriorRevolving Loans Amortized Cost BasisTotal
Residential
800+$131,201  $346,512  $85,148  $270,790  $359,629  $1,032,865  $—  $2,226,145  
740-799255,226  391,122  84,278  152,587  193,526  554,884  —  1,631,623  
670-73994,849  166,948  54,617  91,176  81,916  289,242  —  778,748  
580-6696,538  19,604  9,155  11,973  20,381  111,678  —  179,329  
579 and below—  23,675  411  4,697  3,328  73,617  —  105,728  
Total residential487,814  947,861  233,609  531,223  658,780  2,062,286  —  4,921,573  
Home equity
800+13,198  18,228  31,456  19,685  20,041  69,363  579,333  751,304  
740-79916,594  16,778  23,242  12,679  14,740  55,107  435,724  574,864  
670-7397,495  12,065  13,307  11,618  9,624  49,345  307,414  410,868  
580-669568  3,124  3,189  2,217  1,682  22,513  101,626  134,919  
579 and below101  377  903  1,316  868  9,764  38,729  52,058  
Total home equity37,956  50,572  72,097  47,515  46,955  206,092  1,462,826  1,924,013  
Other consumer
800+1,483  3,886  2,275  690  168  193  7,299  15,994  
740-79910,882  20,328  11,995  1,993  708  431  3,970  50,307  
670-73923,238  56,607  24,674  5,737  2,475  1,198  5,708  119,637  
580-6692,603  4,859  2,254  821  363  318  1,791  13,009  
579 and below1,043  624  315  91  58  227  1,543  3,901  
Total other consumer39,249  86,304  41,513  9,332  3,772  2,367  20,311  202,848  
Total consumer portfolio565,019  1,084,737  347,219  588,070  709,507  2,270,745  1,483,137  7,048,434  
Total commercial portfolio2,755,196  3,034,561  2,607,851  1,415,110  1,060,068  1,901,279  1,980,018  14,754,083  
Total loans and leases$3,320,215  $4,119,298  $2,955,070  $2,003,180  $1,769,575  $4,172,024  $3,463,155  $21,802,517  
Individually Assessed Loans and Leases
The following tables summarize individually assessed loans and leases:
 At June 30, 2020
(In thousands)Unpaid
Principal
Balance		Amortized CostAmortized Cost No AllowanceAmortized Cost With AllowanceRelated
Valuation
Allowance
Commercial non-mortgage$174,593  $129,552  $64,967  $64,585  $12,080  
Asset-based464  138  —  138  3  
Commercial real estate33,694  27,526  13,838  13,688  3,061  
Equipment financing7,233  7,794  3,881  3,913  127  
Residential120,304  106,772  68,597  38,175  3,304  
Home equity114,326  50,157  38,277  11,880  1,022  
Other consumer2,870  1,217  66  1,151  158  
Total$453,484  $323,156  $189,626  $133,530  $19,755  

 At December 31, 2019
(In thousands)Unpaid
Principal
Balance		Amortized CostAmortized Cost No AllowanceAmortized Cost With AllowanceRelated
Valuation
Allowance
Commercial non-mortgage$140,096  $102,254  $29,739  $72,515  $7,862  
Asset-based465  139  —  139  5  
Commercial real estate29,292  23,297  14,818  8,479  1,143  
Equipment financing5,591  5,433  2,159  3,274  418  
Residential98,790  90,096  56,231  33,865  3,618  
Home equity38,503  35,191  27,672  7,519  1,203  
Other consumer (1)
—  —  —  —  —  
Total$312,737  $256,410  $130,619  $125,791  $14,249  
(1)Partially charged-off other consumer loans were included in collectively evaluated for impairment at December 31, 2019.
The following table summarizes average amortized cost and interest income recognized for individually assessed loans and leases:
Three months ended June 30,Six months ended June 30,
2020201920202019
(In thousands)Average
Amortized Cost		Accrued
Interest
Income		Cash Basis Interest Income Average
Amortized Cost		Accrued
Interest
Income		Cash Basis Interest Income Average
Amortized Cost		Accrued
Interest
Income		Cash Basis Interest Income Average
Amortized Cost		Accrued
Interest
Income		Cash Basis Interest Income
Commercial non-mortgage$136,483  $875  $—  $106,753  $844  $—  $115,903  $1,928  $—  $98,511  $1,764  $—  
Asset-based138  —  —  201  —  —  139  —  —  204  —  —  
Commercial real estate26,017  169  —  13,070  61  —  25,411  315  —  12,354  134  —  
Equipment financing8,373  —  —  4,451  —  —  6,613  —  —  5,132  —  —  
Residential121,488  781  230  101,245  912  282  113,806  1,611  860  101,850  1,820  546  
Home equity50,573  309  413  38,092  287  241  43,863  700  1,243  38,238  556  521  
Other consumer1,121  —  —  —  —  —  609  17  —  —  —  —  
Total$344,193  $2,134  $643  $263,812  $2,104  $523  $306,344  $4,571  $2,103  $256,289  $4,274  $1,067  
Collateral Dependent Loans and Leases. A loan is considered collateral dependent when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and it is expected to be repaid substantially through the sale or operation of the collateral. A collateral dependent loan is individually assessed based on the fair value of the collateral, less costs to sell, as of the reporting date. Commercial non-mortgage, asset based, and equipment financing are collateralized by equipment, inventory, receivables, or other non-real estate assets. Commercial real estate, residential, and home equity are collateralized by real estate. Collateral value on collateral dependent loans and leases was $143.6 million at June 30, 2020 and $109.8 million at December 31, 2019.
The following table summarizes whether, or not, individually assessed loans and leases are collateral dependent:
June 30, 2020December 31, 2019
(In thousands)Collateral DependentNot Considered Collateral DependentTotalCollateral DependentNot Considered Collateral DependentTotal
Commercial non-mortgage$16,028  $113,524  $129,552  $10,682  $91,572  $102,254  
Asset-based—  138  138  —  139  139  
Commercial real estate19,146  8,380  27,526  14,097  9,200  23,297  
Equipment financing—  7,794  7,794  —  5,433  5,433  
Residential37,708  69,064  106,772  17,635  72,461  90,096  
Home equity30,493  19,664  50,157  17,136  18,055  35,191  
Other consumer—  1,217  1,217  —  —  —  
Total amortized cost of CDA$103,375  $219,781  $323,156  $59,550  $196,860  $256,410  
Troubled Debt Restructurings
The following table summarizes information for TDRs:
(In thousands)At June 30,
2020		At December 31, 2019
Accrual status$147,950  $136,449  
Non-accrual status113,496  100,989  
Total TDRs$261,446  $237,438  
Specific reserves for TDRs included in the balance of ACL on loans and leases$15,027  $12,956  
Additional funds committed to borrowers in TDR status15,547  4,856  
The portion of TDRs deemed to be uncollectible, $1.9 million and $4.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $3.1 million and $5.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, were charged off.
The following table provides information on the type of concession for loans and leases modified as TDRs:
Three months ended June 30,Six months ended June 30,
2020201920202019
Number of
Loans and
Leases
Post-
Modification
Recorded
Investment(1)
Number of
Loans and
Leases
Post-
Modification
Recorded
Investment(1)
Number of
Loans and
Leases
Post-
Modification
Recorded
Investment(1)
Number of
Loans and
Leases
Post-
Modification
Recorded
Investment(1)
(Dollars in thousands)
Commercial non-mortgage
Extended Maturity4$403  4  $69  6$507  6$193  
Adjusted Interest Rate——  1  100  ——  1100  
Maturity/Rate Combined——  2  46  5274  371  
Other (2)
1312,985  4  12,029  2340,122  1934,056  
Commercial real estate
Extended Maturity172  —  —  172  ——  
Maturity/Rate Combined——  —  —  1278  ——  
Other (2)
——  —  —  ——  22,636  
Residential
Extended Maturity187  3  421  2351  4940  
Maturity/Rate Combined2255  8  1,397  5698  131,848  
Other (2)
173,062  2  281  203,675  4542  
Consumer
Extended Maturity2157  2  225  2157  4370  
Maturity/Rate Combined——  2  110  113  2110  
Other (2)
634,399  6  466  745,512  191,220  
Total TDRs103$21,420  34  $15,144  140$51,659  77$42,086  
(1)Post-modification balances approximate pre-modification balances. The aggregate amount of charge-offs as a result of the restructurings was not significant.
(2)Other includes covenant modifications, forbearance, loans discharged under Chapter 7 bankruptcy, or other concessions.
There were no significant amounts of loans and leases modified as TDRs within the previous 12 months and for which there was a payment default for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019.
TDRs in commercial, commercial real estate, and equipment financing segregated by risk rating exposure is as follows:

(In thousands)At June 30, 2020At December 31, 2019
(1) - (6) Pass$3,362  $3,952  
(7) Special Mention—  63  
(8) Substandard131,498  104,277  
(9) Doubtful3,547  3,860  
Total$138,407  $112,152