Pay vs Performance Disclosure

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2025

USD ($)

Dec. 31, 2024

USD ($)

Dec. 31, 2023

USD ($)

Dec. 31, 2022

USD ($)

Dec. 31, 2021

USD ($)

Pay vs Performance Disclosure

Pay vs Performance Disclosure, Table

Pay Versus Performance

SEC rules require certain adjustments to the summary compensation totals that appear in this proxy statement under the caption “Executive Compensation Discussion and Analysis - Summary Compensation Table” in order to determine “compensation actually paid” as those rules define that term. The following table summarizes the compensation actually paid to our president and chief executive officer, who is our principal executive officer (“PEO”), and the average compensation actually paid to our other named executive officers (“Non-PEO NEOs”) for fiscal years 2021 through 2025:

					Value of Initial Fixed $100 Investment Based On:
Year	Summary Compensation Total for   PEO ($) (1)	Compensation Actually Paid to PEO ($) (2)	Average Summary Compensation Table Total for Non-PEO NEOs ($) (3)	Average Compensation Actually Paid to Non-PEO NEOs ($) (4)	Class A Common Stock Total   Shareholder Return ($)	Peer Group Total Shareholder Return ($)	Net Income (Loss) ($)		Combined Ratio (%)
2025	1,742,994	1,914,349	1,195,956	1,334,751	177.72	163.65	79,340,740		95.4
2024	1,456,810	1,464,535	995,416	1,003,072	130.65	136.71	50,862,252		98.6
2023	914,440	897,995	579,336	566,573	112.65	104.50	4,425,504		104.4
2022	1,180,431	1,256,456	751,940	805,762	109.16	102.08	(1,959,405	)	103.3
2021	1,017,560	1,044,160	677,148	695,284	104.91	105.60	25,254,174		101.0

(1) Kevin Burke was our PEO for each of fiscal years 2021 through 2025.

(2) We calculated the compensation actually paid to our PEO for each fiscal year as shown in the following table:

Year	2025			2024			2023			2022			2021
PEO
Summary compensation total	$	1,742,994		$	1,456,810		$	914,440		$	1,180,431		$	1,017,560
Less: Equity award values reported in summary compensation total		(7,735	)		(43,235	)		(43,340	)		(42,665	)		(36,075	)
Add: Fair value of outstanding unvested equity awards granted in covered year		9,990			40,855			40,355			51,500			34,985
Change in fair value of outstanding unvested equity awards from prior years		27,865			(18,195	)		(61,000	)		(28,435	)		(18,975	)
Change in fair value of equity awards that vested in covered year		141,235			28,300			47,540			95,625			46,665
Compensation actually paid	$	1,914,349		$	1,464,535		$	897,995		$	1,256,456		$	1,044,160

(3) The following non-PEO NEOs are included in the average figures shown:

(a) 2025: Daniel DeLamater, Jeffery Hay, Jeffrey Miller and Sanjay Pandey

(b) 2024: Daniel DeLamater, Jeffery Hay, Jeffrey Miller and Sanjay Pandey

(c) 2023: Jeffery Hay, Jeffrey Miller, Sanjay Pandey, Daniel Wagner

(d) 2022: Jeffery Hay, Jeffrey Miller, Sanjay Pandey, Daniel Wagner

(e) 2021: Jeffery Hay, Richard Kelley, Jeffrey Miller and Sanjay Pandey

(4) We calculated the average compensation actually paid to our non-PEO NEOs for each fiscal year as shown in the following table:

Year	2025			2024			2023			2022			2021
Non-PEO NEOs
Summary compensation total	$	1,195,956		$	995,416		$	579,336		$	751,940		$	677,148
Less: Equity award values reported in summary compensation total		(1,934	)		(30,061	)		(30,088	)		(29,536	)		(19,001	)
Add: Fair value of outstanding unvested equity awards granted in covered year		2,498			29,879			27,811			36,463			18,316
Change in fair value of outstanding unvested equity awards from prior years		28,793			(10,499	)		(43,250	)		(16,273	)		(7,156	)
Change in fair value of equity awards that vested in covered year		109,438			18,337			32,764			63,168			25,977
Compensation actually paid	$	1,334,751		$	1,003,072		$	566,573		$	805,762		$	695,284

We determined fair value of equity awards in the same manner we determine fair value for share-based payments we reflect in our financial statements.

We calculated the value of an initial fixed $100 investment at December 31, 2020 based on total shareholder return for our Class A common stock and peer group total using the same methodology that we used in preparing the performance graph that appeared in our 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Our peer group consists of Cincinnati Financial Corporation, The Hanover Insurance Group, Inc., Horace Mann Educators Corporation, Kemper Corporation, Selective Insurance Group Inc. and United Fire Group, Inc.

Company Selected Measure Name

adjusted statutory combined ratio for the Donegal Insurance Group

Named Executive Officers, Footnote

(1) Kevin Burke was our PEO for each of fiscal years 2021 through 2025.

(3) The following non-PEO NEOs are included in the average figures shown:

(a) 2025: Daniel DeLamater, Jeffery Hay, Jeffrey Miller and Sanjay Pandey

(b) 2024: Daniel DeLamater, Jeffery Hay, Jeffrey Miller and Sanjay Pandey

(c) 2023: Jeffery Hay, Jeffrey Miller, Sanjay Pandey, Daniel Wagner

(d) 2022: Jeffery Hay, Jeffrey Miller, Sanjay Pandey, Daniel Wagner

(e) 2021: Jeffery Hay, Richard Kelley, Jeffrey Miller and Sanjay Pandey

Peer Group Issuers, Footnote

We calculated the value of an initial fixed $100 investment at December 31, 2020 based on total shareholder return for our Class A common stock and peer group total using the same methodology that we used in preparing the performance graph that appeared in our 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Our peer group consists of Cincinnati Financial Corporation, The Hanover Insurance Group, Inc., Horace Mann Educators Corporation, Kemper Corporation, Selective Insurance Group Inc. and United Fire Group, Inc.

PEO Total Compensation Amount

$ 1,742,994

$ 1,456,810

$ 914,440

$ 1,180,431

$ 1,017,560

PEO Actually Paid Compensation Amount

$ 1,914,349

1,464,535

897,995

1,256,456

1,044,160

Adjustment To PEO Compensation, Footnote

(2) We calculated the compensation actually paid to our PEO for each fiscal year as shown in the following table:

Year	2025			2024			2023			2022			2021
PEO
Summary compensation total	$	1,742,994		$	1,456,810		$	914,440		$	1,180,431		$	1,017,560
Less: Equity award values reported in summary compensation total		(7,735	)		(43,235	)		(43,340	)		(42,665	)		(36,075	)
Add: Fair value of outstanding unvested equity awards granted in covered year		9,990			40,855			40,355			51,500			34,985
Change in fair value of outstanding unvested equity awards from prior years		27,865			(18,195	)		(61,000	)		(28,435	)		(18,975	)
Change in fair value of equity awards that vested in covered year		141,235			28,300			47,540			95,625			46,665
Compensation actually paid	$	1,914,349		$	1,464,535		$	897,995		$	1,256,456		$	1,044,160

Non-PEO NEO Average Total Compensation Amount

$ 1,195,956

995,416

579,336

751,940

677,148

Non-PEO NEO Average Compensation Actually Paid Amount

$ 1,334,751

1,003,072

566,573

805,762

695,284

Adjustment to Non-PEO NEO Compensation Footnote

(4) We calculated the average compensation actually paid to our non-PEO NEOs for each fiscal year as shown in the following table:

Year	2025			2024			2023			2022			2021
Non-PEO NEOs
Summary compensation total	$	1,195,956		$	995,416		$	579,336		$	751,940		$	677,148
Less: Equity award values reported in summary compensation total		(1,934	)		(30,061	)		(30,088	)		(29,536	)		(19,001	)
Add: Fair value of outstanding unvested equity awards granted in covered year		2,498			29,879			27,811			36,463			18,316
Change in fair value of outstanding unvested equity awards from prior years		28,793			(10,499	)		(43,250	)		(16,273	)		(7,156	)
Change in fair value of equity awards that vested in covered year		109,438			18,337			32,764			63,168			25,977
Compensation actually paid	$	1,334,751		$	1,003,072		$	566,573		$	805,762		$	695,284

Compensation Actually Paid vs. Total Shareholder Return

Compensation Actually Paid vs. Net Income

Compensation Actually Paid vs. Company Selected Measure

Total Shareholder Return Vs Peer Group

Tabular List, Table

We consider the following financial performance measures, as we define them in this proxy statement under the caption “Our Annual Cash Incentive Bonus Plan - Definition of Performance Measures,” as our most important financial performance measures we used to link compensation actually paid to our named executive officers to our performance for 2025:

● commercial lines direct premium growth rate for the Donegal Insurance Group;

● adjusted statutory combined ratio for the Donegal Insurance Group; and

● our operating return on equity.

Total Shareholder Return Amount

$ 177.72

130.65

112.65

109.16

104.91

Peer Group Total Shareholder Return Amount

163.65

136.71

104.5

102.08

105.6

Net Income (Loss)

$ 79,340,740

$ 50,862,252

$ 4,425,504

$ (1,959,405)

$ 25,254,174

Company Selected Measure Amount

0.954

0.986

1.044

1.033

1.01

PEO Name

Kevin Burke

Kevin Burke

Kevin Burke

Kevin Burke

Kevin Burke

Measure:: 1

Pay vs Performance Disclosure

Name

commercial lines direct premium growth rate for the Donegal Insurance Group

Measure:: 2

Pay vs Performance Disclosure

Name

adjusted statutory combined ratio for the Donegal Insurance Group

Measure:: 3

Pay vs Performance Disclosure

Name

our operating return on equity

PEO | Aggregate Grant Date Fair Value of Equity Award Amounts Reported in Summary Compensation Table

Pay vs Performance Disclosure

Adjustment to Compensation, Amount

$ (7,735)

$ (43,235)

$ (43,340)

$ (42,665)

$ (36,075)

PEO | Year-end Fair Value of Equity Awards Granted in Covered Year that are Outstanding and Unvested

Pay vs Performance Disclosure

Adjustment to Compensation, Amount

9,990

40,855

40,355

51,500

34,985

PEO | Year-over-Year Change in Fair Value of Equity Awards Granted in Prior Years That are Outstanding and Unvested

Pay vs Performance Disclosure

Adjustment to Compensation, Amount

27,865

(18,195)

(61,000)

(28,435)

(18,975)

PEO | Change in Fair Value as of Vesting Date of Prior Year Equity Awards Vested in Covered Year

Pay vs Performance Disclosure

Adjustment to Compensation, Amount

141,235

28,300

47,540

95,625

46,665

Non-PEO NEO | Aggregate Grant Date Fair Value of Equity Award Amounts Reported in Summary Compensation Table

Pay vs Performance Disclosure

Adjustment to Compensation, Amount

(1,934)

(30,061)

(30,088)

(29,536)

(19,001)

Non-PEO NEO | Year-end Fair Value of Equity Awards Granted in Covered Year that are Outstanding and Unvested

Pay vs Performance Disclosure

Adjustment to Compensation, Amount

2,498

29,879

27,811

36,463

18,316

Non-PEO NEO | Year-over-Year Change in Fair Value of Equity Awards Granted in Prior Years That are Outstanding and Unvested

Pay vs Performance Disclosure

Adjustment to Compensation, Amount

28,793

(10,499)

(43,250)

(16,273)

(7,156)

Non-PEO NEO | Change in Fair Value as of Vesting Date of Prior Year Equity Awards Vested in Covered Year

Pay vs Performance Disclosure

Adjustment to Compensation, Amount

$ 109,438

$ 18,337

$ 32,764

$ 63,168

$ 25,977