10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

[X] QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended July 31, 2018

Or

[ ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ________ to ________

Commission file number: 0-14939

AMERICA’S CAR-MART, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Texas	63-0851141
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

802 Southeast Plaza Ave., Suite 200, Bentonville, Arkansas 72712

(Address of principal executive offices) (zip code)

(479) 464-9944

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes ý  No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).

Yes ý No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐	Accelerated filer ý
Non-accelerated filer ☐	Smaller reporting company ☐	Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No ý

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

	Outstanding at
Title of Each Class	September 4, 2018
Common stock, par value $.01 per share		6,883,306

Part I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements America’s Car-Mart, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands except share and per share amounts)

	July 31, 2018			April 30, 2018
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	841		$	1,022
Accrued interest on finance receivables		2,332			2,189
Finance receivables, net		398,373			383,617
Inventory		37,512			33,610
Income taxes receivable, net		21			1,450
Prepaid expenses and other assets		4,774			4,747
Goodwill		355			355
Property and equipment, net		28,294			28,594
Total Assets	$	472,502		$	455,584
Liabilities, mezzanine equity and equity:
Liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	14,398		$	13,609
Deferred payment protection plan revenue		20,429			19,823
Deferred service contract revenue		10,605			10,332
Accrued liabilities		20,239			15,960
Deferred income tax liabilities, net		13,429			12,558
Debt facilities		155,135			152,367
Total liabilities		234,235			224,649
Commitments and contingencies (Note J)
Mezzanine equity:
Mandatorily redeemable preferred stock		400			400
Equity:
Preferred stock, par value $.01 per share, 1,000,000 shares authorized; none issued or outstanding		-			-
Common stock, par value $.01 per share, 50,000,000 shares authorized; 13,279,044 and 13,147,143 issued at July 31, 2018 and April 30, 2018, respectively, of which 6,865,063 and 6,849,161 were outstanding at July 31, 2018 and April 30, 2018, respectively		133			131
Additional paid-in capital		76,475			72,641
Retained earnings		372,861			361,988
Less:  Treasury stock, at cost, 6,413,981 and 6,297,982 shares at July 31, 2018 and April 30, 2018, respectively		(211,702	)		(204,325	)
Total stockholders' equity		237,767			230,435
Non-controlling interest		100			100
Total equity		237,867			230,535
Total Liabilities, Mezzanine Equity and Equity	$	472,502		$	455,584

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

2

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations	America’s Car-Mart, Inc.
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands except share and per share amounts)

	Three Months Ended July 31,
	2018			2017
Revenues:
Sales	$	144,101		$	128,274
Interest and other income		19,914			18,144
Total revenue		164,015			146,418
Costs and expenses:
Cost of sales		84,168			75,206
Selling, general and administrative		26,382			23,865
Provision for credit losses		37,543			34,160
Interest expense		1,804			1,172
Depreciation and amortization		985			1,079
Loss on disposal of property and equipment		-			47
Total costs and expenses		150,882			135,529
Income before taxes		13,133			10,889
Provision for income taxes		2,249			3,897
Net income	$	10,884		$	6,992
Less:  Dividends on mandatorily redeemable preferred stock		(10	)		(10	)
Net income attributable to common stockholders	$	10,874		$	6,982
Earnings per share:
Basic	$	1.57		$	0.92
Diluted	$	1.53		$	0.90
Weighted average number of shares used in calculation:
Basic		6,924,035			7,548,846
Diluted		7,126,685			7,768,310

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

3

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	America’s Car-Mart, Inc.
(Unaudited)
(In thousands)

	Three Months Ended July 31,
Operating Activities:	2018			2017
Net income	$	10,884		$	6,992
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities:
Provision for credit losses		37,543			34,160
Losses on claims for payment protection plan		4,069			3,938
Depreciation and amortization		985			1,079
Amortization of debt issuance costs		69			59
Loss on disposal of property and equipment		-			47
Stock based compensation		1,094			626
Deferred income taxes		871			404
Excess tax benefit from share based compensation		943			172
Change in operating assets and liabilities:
Finance receivable originations		(134,261	)		(118,953	)
Finance receivable collections		66,740			58,934
Accrued interest on finance receivables		(143	)		(153	)
Inventory		7,251			8,487
Prepaid expenses and other assets		(27	)		(364	)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities		3,032			3,481
Deferred payment protection plan revenue		606			416
Deferred service contract revenue		272			290
Income taxes, net		486			3,175
Net cash provided by operating activities		414			2,790
Investing Activities:
Purchase of property and equipment		(685	)		(613	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(685	)		(613	)
Financing Activities:
Exercise of stock options		2,713			543
Issuance of common stock		29			28
Purchase of common stock		(7,377	)		(3,745	)
Dividend payments		(10	)		(10	)
Change in cash overdrafts		2,036			1,431
Debt issuance costs		-			(28	)
Payments on note payable		(94	)		(27	)
Proceeds from revolving credit facilities		109,622			89,434
Payments on revolving credit facilities		(106,829	)		(89,736	)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		90			(2,110	)
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents		(181	)		67
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period		1,022			434
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	841		$	501

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) America’s Car-Mart, Inc.

A – Organization and Business

America’s Car-Mart, Inc., a Texas corporation (the “Company”), is one of the largest publicly held automotive retailers in the United States focused exclusively on the “Integrated Auto Sales and Finance” segment of the used car market. References to the Company typically include the Company’s consolidated subsidiaries. The Company’s operations are principally conducted through its two operating subsidiaries, America’s Car Mart, Inc., an Arkansas corporation (“Car-Mart of Arkansas”), and Colonial Auto Finance, Inc., an Arkansas corporation (“Colonial”). The Company primarily sells older model used vehicles and provides financing for substantially all of its customers. Many of the Company’s customers have limited financial resources and would not qualify for conventional financing as a result of limited credit histories or past credit problems. As of July 31, 2018, the Company operated 140 dealerships located primarily in small cities throughout the South-Central United States.

B – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

General

The accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet as of April 30, 2018, which has been derived from audited financial statements, and the unaudited interim condensed financial statements as of July 31, 2018 and 2017, have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles for interim financial information and in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three months ended July 31, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending April 30, 2019. For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended April 30, 2018.

Principles of Consolidation

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of America’s Car-Mart, Inc. and its subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

Segment Information

Each dealership is an operating segment with its results regularly reviewed by the Company’s chief operating decision maker in an effort to make decisions about resources to be allocated to the segment and to assess its performance. Individual dealerships meet the aggregation criteria for reporting purposes under the current accounting guidance. The Company operates in the Integrated Auto Sales and Finance segment of the used car market, also referred to as the Integrated Auto Sales and Finance industry. In this industry, the nature of the sale and the financing of the transaction, financing processes, the type of customer and the methods used to distribute the Company’s products and services, including the actual servicing of the contracts as well as the regulatory environment in which the Company operates, all have similar characteristics. Each of our individual dealerships are similar in nature and only engages in the selling and financing of used vehicles. All individual dealerships have similar operating characteristics. As such, individual dealerships have been aggregated into one reportable segment.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates include, but are not limited to, the Company’s allowance for credit losses.

Concentration of Risk

The Company provides financing in connection with the sale of substantially all of its vehicles. These sales are made primarily to customers residing in Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, Missouri, Oklahoma, Tennessee, and Texas, with approximately 29% of current period revenues resulting from sales to Arkansas customers.

Periodically, the Company maintains cash in financial institutions in excess of the amounts insured by the federal government. The Company’s revolving credit facilities mature in December 2019.

5

Restrictions on Distributions/Dividends

The Company’s revolving credit facilities generally restrict distributions by the Company to its shareholders. The distribution limitations under the credit facilities allow the Company to repurchase shares of its common stock up to certain limits. Under the current limits, the aggregate amount of repurchases after October 25, 2017 cannot exceed the greater of: (a) $50 million, net of proceeds received from the exercise of stock options (plus any repurchases made during the first six months after October 25, 2017, in an aggregate amount up to the remaining availability under the $40 million repurchase limit in effect immediately prior to October 25, 2017, net of proceeds received from the exercise of stock options), provided that the sum of the borrowing bases combined minus the principal balances of all revolver loans after giving effect to such repurchases is equal to or greater than 20% of the sum of the borrowing bases; or (b) 75% of the consolidated net income of the Company measured on a trailing twelve month basis. In addition, immediately before and after giving effect to the Company’s stock repurchases, at least 12.5% of the aggregate funds committed under the credit facilities must remain available. Thus, the Company is limited in its ability to pay dividends or make other distributions to its shareholders without the consent of the Company’s lenders.

Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid debt instruments purchased with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

Finance Receivables, Repossessions and Charge-offs and Allowance for Credit Losses

The Company originates installment sale contracts from the sale of used vehicles at its dealerships. These installment sale contracts carry an average interest rate of approximately 16.3% using the simple effective interest method including any deferred fees. In May 2016, the Company increased its retail installment sales contract interest rate from 15.0% to 16.5% in response to continued high levels of credit losses. Contract origination costs are not significant. The installment sale contracts are not pre-computed contracts whereby borrowers are obligated to pay back principal plus the full amount of interest that will accrue over the entire term of the contract. Finance receivables are collateralized by vehicles sold and consist of contractually scheduled payments from installment contracts net of unearned finance charges and an allowance for credit losses. Unearned finance charges represent the balance of interest receivable to be earned over the entire term of the related installment contract, less the earned amount ($2.3 million at July 31, 2018 and $2.2 million at April 30, 2018 on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets), and as such, have been reflected as a reduction to the gross contract amount in arriving at the principal balance in finance receivables.

An account is considered delinquent when the customer is one day or more behind on their contractual payments. While the Company does not formally place contracts on nonaccrual status, the immaterial amount of interest that may accrue after an account becomes delinquent up until the point of resolution via repossession or write-off is reserved for against the accrued interest on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Delinquent contracts are addressed and either made current by the customer, which is the case in most situations, or the vehicle is repossessed or written off if the collateral cannot be recovered quickly. Customer payments are set to match their payday with approximately 75% of payments due on either a weekly or bi-weekly basis. The frequency of the payment due dates combined with the declining value of collateral lead to prompt resolutions on problem accounts. At July 31, 2018, 3.5% of the Company’s finance receivable balances were 30 days or more past due, compared to 4.6% at July 31, 2017.

Substantially all of the Company’s automobile contracts involve contracts made to individuals with impaired or limited credit histories or higher debt-to-income ratios than permitted by traditional lenders. Contracts made with buyers who are restricted in their ability to obtain financing from traditional lenders generally entail a higher risk of delinquency, default and repossession, and higher losses than contracts made with buyers with better credit.

The Company strives to keep its delinquency percentages low, and not to repossess vehicles. Accounts three days late are contacted by telephone. Notes from each telephone contact are electronically maintained in the Company’s computer system. In May 2017, the Company began implementing text messaging notifications in a controlled rollout which allows customers to elect to receive a reminder on their due date and late notifications further into the delinquency. The Company attempts to resolve payment delinquencies amicably prior to repossessing a vehicle. If a customer becomes severely delinquent in his or her payments, and management determines that timely collection of future payments is not probable, the Company will take steps to repossess the vehicle.

Periodically, the Company enters into contract modifications with its customers to extend or modify the payment terms. The Company only enters into a contract modification or extension if it believes such action will increase the amount of monies the Company will ultimately realize on the customer’s account and will increase the likelihood of the customer being able to pay off the vehicle contract. At the time of modification, the Company expects to collect amounts due including accrued interest at the contractual interest rate for the period of delay. No other concessions are granted to customers, beyond the extension of additional time, at the time of modifications. Modifications are minor and are made for payday changes, minor vehicle repairs and other reasons. For those vehicles that are repossessed, the majority are returned or surrendered by the customer on a voluntary basis. Other repossessions are performed by Company personnel or third-party repossession agents. Depending on the condition of a repossessed vehicle, it is either resold on a retail basis through a Company dealership, or sold for cash on a wholesale basis primarily through physical or online auctions.

6

Accounts are charged-off after the expiration of a statutory notice period for repossessed accounts, or when management determines that the timely collection of future payments is not probable for accounts where the Company has been unable to repossess the vehicle. For accounts with respect to which the vehicle was repossessed, the fair value of the repossessed vehicle is charged as a reduction of the gross finance receivables balance charged-off. For the quarter ended July 31, 2018, on average, accounts were approximately 62 days past due at the time of charge-off. For previously charged-off accounts that are subsequently recovered, the amount of such recovery is credited to the allowance for credit losses.

The Company maintains an allowance for credit losses on an aggregate basis at a level it considers sufficient to cover estimated losses inherent in the portfolio at the balance sheet date in the collection of its finance receivables currently outstanding.  At July 31, 2018, the weighted average total contract term was 32.4 months with 23.5 months remaining. The reserve amount in the allowance for credit losses at July 31, 2018, $122.4 million, was 25% of the principal balance in finance receivables of $520.8 million, less unearned payment protection plan revenue of $20.4 million and unearned service contract revenue of $10.6 million.

The estimated reserve amount is the Company’s anticipated future net charge-offs for losses incurred through the balance sheet date. The allowance takes into account historical credit loss experience (both timing and severity of losses), with consideration given to recent credit loss trends and changes in contract characteristics (i.e., average amount financed, months outstanding at loss date, term and age of portfolio), delinquency levels, collateral values, economic conditions and underwriting and collection practices. The allowance for credit losses is reviewed at least quarterly by management with any changes reflected in current operations. The calculation of the allowance for credit losses uses the following primary factors:

· The number of units repossessed or charged-off as a percentage of total units financed over specific historical periods of time from one year to five years.

· The average net repossession and charge-off loss per unit during the last eighteen months segregated by the number of months since the contract origination date and adjusted for the expected future average net charge-off loss per unit.  About 50% of the charge-offs that will ultimately occur in the portfolio are expected to occur within 10-11 months following the balance sheet date.  The average age of an account at charge-off date for the eighteen-month period ended July 31, 2018 was 12 months.

· The timing of repossession and charge-off losses relative to the date of sale (i.e., how long it takes for a repossession or charge-off to occur) for repossessions and charge-offs occurring during the last eighteen months.

A point estimate is produced by this analysis which is then supplemented by any positive or negative subjective factors to arrive at an overall reserve amount that management considers to be a reasonable estimate of losses inherent in the portfolio at the balance sheet date that will be realized via actual charge-offs in the future. Although it is at least reasonably possible that events or circumstances could occur in the future that are not presently foreseen which could cause actual credit losses to be materially different from the recorded allowance for credit losses, the Company believes that it has given appropriate consideration to all relevant factors and has made reasonable assumptions in determining the allowance for credit losses. While challenging economic conditions can negatively impact credit losses, effective execution of internal policies and procedures within the collections area and the competitive environment on the funding side have historically had a more significant effect on collection results than macro-economic issues.

In most states, the Company offers retail customers who finance their vehicle the option of purchasing a payment protection plan product as an add-on to the installment sale contract. This product contractually obligates the Company to cancel the remaining principal outstanding for any contract where the retail customer has totaled the vehicle, as defined by the contract, or the vehicle has been stolen. The Company periodically evaluates anticipated losses to ensure that if anticipated losses exceed deferred payment protection plan revenues, an additional liability is recorded for such difference. No such liability was required at July 31, 2018 or April 30, 2018.

Inventory

Inventory consists of used vehicles and is valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value on a specific identification basis. Vehicle reconditioning costs are capitalized as a component of inventory. Repossessed vehicles and trade-in vehicles are recorded at fair value, which approximates wholesale value. The cost of used vehicles sold is determined using the specific identification method.

7

Goodwill

Goodwill reflects the excess of purchase price over the fair value of specifically identified net assets purchased. Goodwill and intangible assets deemed to have indefinite lives are not amortized but are subject to annual impairment tests at the Company’s year-end. The impairment tests are based on the comparison of the fair value of the reporting unit to the carrying value of such unit. There was no impairment of goodwill during fiscal 2018, and to date, there has been no impairment during fiscal 2019.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost. Expenditures for additions, remodels, and improvements are capitalized. Costs of repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the estimated life of the improvement or the lease period. The lease period includes the primary lease term plus any extensions that are reasonably assured. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method, generally over the following estimated useful lives:

Furniture, fixtures and equipment (years)	3	to	7
Leasehold improvements (years)	5	to	15
Buildings and improvements (years)	18	to	39

Property and equipment are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to future undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying values of the impaired assets exceed the fair value of such assets. Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell.

Cash Overdraft

As checks are presented for payment from the Company’s primary disbursement bank account, monies are automatically drawn against cash collections for the day and, if necessary, are drawn against one of the revolving credit facilities. Any cash overdraft balance principally represents outstanding checks that as of the balance sheet date had not yet been presented for payment, net of any deposits in transit. Any cash overdraft balance is reflected in accrued liabilities on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Deferred Sales Tax

Deferred sales tax represents a sales tax liability of the Company for vehicles sold on an installment basis in the states of Alabama and Texas. Under Alabama and Texas law for vehicles sold on an installment basis, the related sales tax is due as the payments are collected from the customer, rather than at the time of sale. Deferred sales tax liabilities are reflected in accrued liabilities on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Income Taxes

Income taxes are accounted for under the liability method. Under this method, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities, and are measured using the enacted tax rates expected to apply in the years in which these differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The quarterly provision for income taxes is determined using an estimated annual effective tax rate, which is based on expected annual taxable income, statutory tax rates and the Company’s best estimate of nontaxable and nondeductible items of income and expense. The effective income tax rates were 17.1% and 35.8% for the three months ended July 31, 2018 and July 31, 2017, respectively. Total income tax expense for the three months ended July 31, 2018 differed from amounts computed by applying the United States federal statutory tax rates to pre-tax income primarily due to state income taxes and the impact of permanent differences between book and taxable income. The Company recorded a discrete income tax benefit of approximately $943,000 and $172,000 for the three months ended July 31, 2018 and July 31, 2017, respectively, related to excess tax benefits on share based compensation, which is recorded in the income tax provision pursuant to ASU 2016-09, which was adopted on May 1, 2017.

On December 22, 2017, President Trump signed into law the "Tax Cuts and Jobs Act" (the "Tax Act"). The Tax Act includes significant changes to the U.S. tax code that affected our fiscal year ending April 30, 2018, and future periods. Changes in the tax laws from the Tax Act had a material impact on our financial statements in fiscal 2018. Under generally accepted accounting principles, ("U.S. GAAP") specifically ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes, the tax effects of changes in tax laws must be recognized in the period in which the law is enacted, or December 22, 2017, for the Tax Act. ASC 740 also requires deferred tax assets and liabilities to be measured at the enacted tax rate expected to apply when temporary differences are to be realized or settled. Thus, at the date of enactment, the Company’s deferred taxes were re-measured based upon the new tax rates. The change in deferred taxes was recorded as an adjustment to our deferred tax provision. The Tax Act reduced the corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%, effective January 1, 2018. This resulted in a blended federal corporate tax rate of approximately 30.4% in fiscal year 2018 and will result in a federal corporate tax rate of 21% thereafter. In the third quarter of fiscal 2018, we recorded a discrete net deferred income tax benefit of $8.1 million with a corresponding provisional reduction to our net deferred income tax liability.

8

Occasionally, the Company is audited by taxing authorities. These audits could result in proposed assessments of additional taxes. The Company believes that its tax positions comply in all material respects with applicable tax law. However, tax law is subject to interpretation, and interpretations by taxing authorities could be different from those of the Company, which could result in the imposition of additional taxes.

The Company recognizes the financial statement benefit of a tax position only after determining that the relevant tax authority would more likely than not sustain the position following an audit. For tax positions meeting the more-likely-than-not threshold, the amount recognized in the financial statements is the largest benefit that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the relevant tax authority. The Company applies this methodology to all tax positions for which the statute of limitations remains open.

The Company is subject to income taxes in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and various state jurisdictions. Tax regulations within each jurisdiction are subject to the interpretation of the related tax laws and regulations and require significant judgment to apply. With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal, state and local income tax examinations by tax authorities for the years before fiscal 2015.

The Company’s policy is to recognize accrued interest related to unrecognized tax benefits in interest expense and penalties in operating expenses. The Company had no accrued penalties or interest as of July 31, 2018 or April 30, 2018.

Revenue Recognition

Revenues are generated principally from the sale of used vehicles, which in most cases includes a service contract and a payment protection plan product, interest income and late fees earned on finance receivables. Revenues are net of taxes collected from customers and remitted to government agencies. Cost of vehicle sales include costs incurred by the Company to prepare the vehicle for sale including license and title costs, gasoline, transport services, and repairs.

Revenues from the sale of used vehicles are recognized when the sales contract is signed, the customer has taken possession of the vehicle and, if applicable, financing has been approved. Revenues from the sale of vehicles sold at wholesale are recognized at the time the proceeds are received. Revenues from the sale of service contracts are recognized ratably over the expected duration of the product. Service contract revenues are included in sales and the related expenses are included in cost of sales. Payment protection plan revenues are initially deferred and then recognized to income using the “Rule of 78’s” interest method over the life of the contract so that revenues are recognized in proportion to the amount of cancellation protection provided. Payment protection plan revenues are included in sales and related losses are included in cost of sales as incurred. Interest income is recognized on all active finance receivables accounts using the simple effective interest method. Active accounts include all accounts except those that have been paid-off or charged-off.

Sales consist of the following:

	Three Months Ended July 31,
(In thousands)	2018		2017
Sales – used autos	$	125,224	$	111,113
Wholesales – third party		6,052		5,337
Service contract sales		7,328		6,904
Payment protection plan revenue		5,497		4,920
Total	$	144,101	$	128,274

At July 31, 2018 and 2017, finance receivables more than 90 days past due were approximately $1.6 million and $2.0 million, respectively. Late fee revenues totaled approximately $446,000 and $449,000 for the three months ended July 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Late fees are recognized when collected and are reflected in interest and other income on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Earnings per Share

Basic earnings per share are computed by dividing net income attributable to common stockholders by the average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share are computed by dividing net income attributable to common stockholders by the average number of common shares outstanding during the period plus dilutive common stock equivalents. The calculation of diluted earnings per share takes into consideration the potentially dilutive effect of common stock equivalents, such as outstanding stock options and non-vested restricted stock, which if exercised or converted into common stock would then share in the earnings of the Company. In computing diluted earnings per share, the Company utilizes the treasury stock method and anti-dilutive securities are excluded.

9

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company recognizes the cost of employee services received in exchange for awards of equity instruments, such as stock options and restricted stock, based on the fair value of those awards at the date of grant over the requisite service period. The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the fair value of stock option awards. The Company may issue either new shares or treasury shares upon exercise of these awards. Stock-based compensation plans, related expenses, and assumptions used in the Black-Scholes option pricing model are more fully described in Note I. If an award contains a performance condition, expense is recognized only for those shares for which it is considered reasonably probable as of the current period end that the performance condition will be met. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting, to simplify the accounting for share-based payment transactions. The Company adopted the guidance prospectively on May 1, 2017. The Company recorded a discrete income tax benefit of approximately $943,000 and $172,000 for the three months ended July 31, 2018 and July 31, 2017, respectively. In connection with the adoption, we elected to account for forfeitures as they occur; previously, we were required to record stock compensation expense based on awards that were expected to vest, which had required us to apply an estimated forfeiture rate. The differential between the amount of compensation previously recorded and the amount that would have been recorded, if we did not assume a forfeiture rate, was not material to our consolidated financial statements. Also, in connection with the adoption, the Company now records any excess tax benefits or deficiencies from its equity awards in its Consolidated Statements of Operations in the reporting period in which the exercise occurs. As a result, going forward, the Company’s income tax expenses and associated effective tax rate will be impacted by fluctuations in stock price between the grant dates and exercise dates of equity awards.

Treasury Stock

The Company purchased 115,999 shares of its common stock to be held as treasury stock for a total cost of $7.4 million during the first three months of fiscal 2019 and 102,843 shares for a total cost of $3.7 million during the first three months of fiscal 2018. Treasury stock may be used for issuances under the Company’s stock-based compensation plans or for other general corporate purposes. The Company has established two separate reserve accounts of 10,000 shares of treasury stock each to: i) secure outstanding service contracts issued in Iowa in accordance with the regulatory requirements of that state, and ii) for its subsidiary, ACM Insurance Company, in accordance with the requirements of the Arkansas Department of Insurance.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Occasionally, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the FASB or other standard setting bodies which the Company will adopt as of the specified effective date. Unless otherwise discussed, the Company believes the implementation of recently issued standards which are not yet effective will not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements upon adoption.

Revenue Recognition. In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), which supersedes existing revenue recognition guidance. The new guidance in ASU 2014-09 is based on the principle that revenue is recognized to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. ASU 2014-09 also requires additional disclosure about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts, including significant judgments and changes in judgments and assets recognized from costs incurred to obtain or fulfill a contract. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the Effective Date, to provide entities with an additional year to implement ASU 2014-09. As a result, the guidance in ASU 2014-09 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim reporting periods within those years, using one of two retrospective application methods. The Company adopted this standard for its fiscal year beginning May 1, 2018 and applied the modified retrospective transition method. Adoption of this standard did not result in an adjustment to our revenue recognition. The Company’s evaluation process included, but was not limited to, identifying contracts within the scope of the guidance and reviewing and documenting its accounting for these contracts. The Company primarily sells products and recognizes revenue at the point of sale or delivery to customers, at which point the earnings process is deemed to be complete. The Company’s performance obligations are clearly identifiable, and management’s evaluation of the standard did not result in significant changes to the assessment of such performance obligations or the timing of the Company’s revenue recognition upon adoption of the new standard. The Company’s primary business processes are consistent with the principles contained in the ASU, and the Company’s evaluation of the standard did not result in significant changes to those processes or its internal controls or systems.

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Statement of Cash Flows. In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15 — Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230). ASU 2016-15 aims to eliminate diversity in the practice of how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. The guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017 and interim periods within those years. The Company adopted this standard for its fiscal year beginning May 1, 2018, and it did not have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

Income Taxes. In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-16, Income Taxes (Topic 740). ASU 2016-16 requires companies to recognize the income tax effects of intercompany sales and transfers of assets, other than inventory, in the period in which the transfer occurs. The guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017 and interim periods within those years. The Company adopted this standard for its fiscal year beginning May 1, 2018, and it did not have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

Leases. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases. The new guidance requires that lessees recognize all leases, including operating leases, with a term greater than 12 months on-balance sheet and also requires disclosure of key information about leasing transactions. The guidance in ASU 2016-02 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim reporting periods within those years. The Company is currently evaluating the potential effects of the adoption of this guidance on the consolidated financial statements.

Credit Losses. In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326). ASU 2016-13 requires financial assets such as loans to be presented net of an allowance for credit losses that reduces the cost basis to the amount expected to be collected over the estimated life. Expected credit losses will be measured based on historical experience and current conditions, as well as forecasts of future conditions that affect the collectability of the reported amount. ASU 2016-13 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim reporting periods within those years using a modified retrospective approach. The Company is currently evaluating the potential effects of the adoption of this guidance on the consolidated financial statements, but does not expect such impact to be material.

C – Finance Receivables, Net

The Company originates installment sale contracts from the sale of used vehicles at its dealerships. These installment sale contracts, which carry an interest rate of 15% or 16.5% per annum (based on the Company’s contract interest rate as of the contract origination date), are collateralized by the vehicle sold and typically provide for payments over periods ranging from 18 to 42 months. The weighted average interest rate for the portfolio was approximately 16.3% at July 31, 2018. The Company’s finance receivables are defined as one segment and one class of loans in sub-prime consumer automobile contracts. The level of risks inherent in the Company’s financing receivables is managed as one homogeneous pool.

The components of finance receivables are as follows:

(In thousands)	July 31, 2018			April 30, 2018
Gross contract amount	$	606,396		$	584,682
Less unearned finance charges		(85,576	)		(83,244	)
Principal balance		520,820			501,438
Less allowance for credit losses		(122,447	)		(117,821	)
Finance receivables, net	$	398,373		$	383,617

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Changes in the finance receivables, net are as follows:

	Three Months Ended July 31,
(In thousands)	2018			2017
Balance at beginning of period	$	383,617		$	357,161
Finance receivable originations		134,261			118,953
Finance receivable collections		(66,740	)		(58,934	)
Provision for credit losses		(37,543	)		(34,160	)
Losses on claims for payment protection plan		(4,069	)		(3,938	)
Inventory acquired in repossession and payment protection plan claims		(11,153	)		(9,096	)
Balance at end of period	$	398,373		$	369,986

Changes in the finance receivables allowance for credit losses are as follows:

	Three Months Ended July 31,
(In thousands)	2018			2017
Balance at beginning of period	$	117,821		$	109,693
Provision for credit losses		37,543			34,160
Charge-offs, net of recovered collateral		(32,917	)		(30,120	)
Balance at end of period	$	122,447		$	113,733

The factors which influenced management’s judgment in determining the amount of the current period provision for credit losses are described below.

The level of charge-offs, net of recovered collateral, is the most important factor in determining the provision for credit losses. This is due to the fact that once a contract becomes delinquent the account is either made current by the customer, the vehicle is repossessed or the account is written off if the collateral cannot be recovered. Net charge-offs as a percentage of average finance receivables remained consistent at 6.4% for the three months ended July 31, 2018 and the same period in the prior year.

Collections and delinquency levels can have a significant effect on additions to the allowance and are reviewed frequently. Collections as a percentage of average finance receivables were 13.1% for the three months ended July 31, 2018 compared to 12.4% for the same period in the prior year. The increase in collections as a percentage of average finance receivables resulted primarily from improved efforts in the collections process. Delinquencies greater than 30 days were 3.5% for July 31, 2018 and 4.6% at July 31, 2017.

Macro-economic factors, the competitive environment on the funding side, and more importantly, proper execution of operational policies and procedures have a significant effect on additions to the allowance charged to the provision. Higher unemployment levels, higher gasoline prices and higher prices for staple items can potentially have a significant effect. The Company continues to focus on operational improvements within the collections area.

Credit quality information for finance receivables is as follows:

(Dollars in thousands)	July 31, 2018					April 30, 2018					July 31, 2017
	Principal Balance		Percent of Portfolio			Principal Balance		Percent of Portfolio			Principal Balance		Percent of Portfolio
Current	$	408,354		78.40	%	$	424,511		84.67	%	$	390,879		80.81	%
3 - 29 days past due		94,042		18.06	%		59,544		11.87	%		70,406		14.55	%
30 - 60 days past due		14,377		2.76	%		12,448		2.48	%		17,328		3.58	%
61 - 90 days past due		2,493		0.48	%		3,331		0.66	%		3,078		0.64	%
> 90 days past due		1,554		0.30	%		1,604		0.32	%		2,028		0.42	%
Total	$	520,820		100.00	%	$	501,438		100.00	%	$	483,719		100.00	%

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Accounts one and two days past due are considered current for this analysis, due to the varying payment dates and variation in the day of the week at each period end. Delinquencies may vary from period to period based on the average age of the portfolio, seasonality within the calendar year, the day of the week and overall economic factors. The higher balance in the 3 – 29 days past due category for July 31, 2018 is primarily due to the month ending on a Tuesday, compared to Monday for April 30, 2018 and July 31, 2017, as payments are typically made on Fridays and Saturdays. The above categories are consistent with internal operational measures used by the Company to monitor credit results.

Substantially all of the Company’s automobile contracts involve contracts made to individuals with impaired or limited credit histories, or higher debt-to-income ratios than permitted by traditional lenders; such contracts generally entail a higher risk of delinquency, default, repossession, and losses than contracts made with buyers with better credit. The Company monitors contract term length, down payment percentages, and collections as credit quality indicators.

	Three Months Ended July 31,
	2018			2017
Principal collected as a percent of average finance receivables		13.1	%		12.4	%
Average down-payment percentage		6.1	%		6.2	%
Average originating contract term (in months)		29.7			29.8

	July 31, 2018		July 31, 2017
Portfolio weighted average contract term, including modifications (in months)		32.4		32.6

The increase in collections as a percentage of average finance receivables resulted primarily from improved efforts in the collections process. The contract term decreased slightly in spite of the increased average selling price, as we work to improve our underwriting and at the same time keep payments affordable, for competitive reasons and to continue to work with our customers when they experience financial difficulties. As the average selling price increases and in order to remain competitive, term lengths may increase.

D – Property and Equipment

A summary of property and equipment is as follows:

(In thousands)	July 31, 2018			April 30, 2018
Land	$	6,402		$	6,402
Buildings and improvements		11,594			11,569
Furniture, fixtures and equipment		13,134			12,874
Leasehold improvements		24,834			24,567
Construction in progress		1,392			1,259
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization		(29,062	)		(28,077	)
Total	$	28,294		$	28,594

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E – Accrued Liabilities

A summary of accrued liabilities is as follows:

(In thousands)	July 31, 2018		April 30, 2018
Employee compensation	$	7,382	$	6,539
Cash overdrafts (see Note B)		2,542		506
Deferred sales tax (see Note B)		3,588		3,270
Reserve for PPP claims		2,116		2,101
Interest		602		-
Other		4,009		3,544
Total	$	20,239	$	15,960

F – Debt Facilities

A summary of debt facilities is as follows:

(In thousands)	July 31, 2018			April 30, 2018
Revolving lines of credit	$	154,173		$	151,380
Notes payable		278			305
Capital lease		1,050			1,117
Debt issuance costs		(366	)		(435	)
Debt facilities	$	155,135		$	152,367

On December 12, 2016, the Company entered into a Second Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement (the “Agreement”) which amended and restated the Company’s credit facilities. The Agreement extended the terms of the Credit Facilities to December 12, 2019, reduced the pricing tiers for determining the applicable interest rate from four to three, and reset the aggregate limit on the repurchase of Company stock to $40 million beginning December 12, 2016. The Agreement also increased the total revolving credit facilities from $172.5 million to $200 million, provided the option to request revolver commitment increases for up to an additional $50 million and increased the advance rate on accounts receivable with 37-42 month terms from 50% to 55%, and the advance rate on accounts receivable with 43-60 month terms from 45% to 50%.

On October 25, 2017, the Company entered into Amendment No. 1 (the “Amendment”) to the Agreement. The Amendment, among other things, (i) increased the aggregate limit on repurchases beginning with the effective date of the Amendment to $50 million, net of proceeds received from the exercise of stock options, plus for a period of six months after October 25, 2017, the amount of repurchases available to the Company immediately prior to the effective date of the Amendment (net of proceeds received from exercise of stock options), and (ii) reduced the upper threshold to 20% from 25% for minimum net availability of the borrowing base for financial covenant testing and limitations on distributions. The Amendment also provides for a 0.025% decrease in the second pricing tier and a 0.125% decrease in the third pricing tier for determining the applicable interest rate. The Amendment also added a fourth pricing tier at LIBOR plus 2.875%, based on the Company’s consolidated leverage ratio if greater than 1.75:1.00 for the preceding fiscal quarter. The Amendment did not change the first pricing tier. Pricing tiers are based on the Company’s consolidated leverage ratio for the preceding fiscal quarter.

The revolving credit facilities are collateralized primarily by finance receivables and inventory, are cross collateralized and contain a guarantee by the Company. Interest is payable monthly under the revolving credit facilities. The credit facilities provide for four pricing tiers for determining the applicable interest rate, based on the Company’s consolidated leverage ratio for the preceding fiscal quarter. The current applicable interest rate under the Credit Facilities is generally LIBOR plus 2.35%, or 4.43% at July 31, 2018 and 4.25% at April 30, 2018. The credit facilities contain various reporting and performance covenants including (i) maintenance of certain financial ratios and tests, (ii) limitations on borrowings from other sources, (iii) restrictions on certain operating activities and (iv) restrictions on the payment of dividends or distributions.

The distribution limitations under the credit facilities allow the Company to repurchase shares of its common stock up to certain limits. Under the current limits, the aggregate amount of repurchases after October 25, 2017 cannot exceed the greater of: (a) $50 million, net of proceeds received from the exercise of stock options (plus any repurchases made during the first six months after October 25, 2017, in an aggregate amount up to the remaining availability under the $40 million repurchase limit in effect immediately prior to October 25, 2017, net of proceeds received from the exercise of stock options), provided that the sum of the borrowing bases combined minus the principal balances of all revolver loans after giving effect to such repurchases is equal to or greater than 20% of the sum of the borrowing bases; or (b) 75% of the consolidated net income of the Company measured on a trailing twelve month basis. In addition, immediately before and after giving effect to the Company’s stock repurchases, at least 12.5% of the aggregate funds committed under the credit facilities must remain available.

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The Company was in compliance with the covenants at July 31, 2018. The amount available to be drawn under the credit facilities is a function of eligible finance receivables and inventory; based upon eligible finance receivables and inventory at July 31, 2018, the Company had additional availability of approximately $44 million under the revolving credit facilities.

The Company recognized approximately $69,000 and $59,000 of amortization for the three months ended July 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, related to debt issuance costs. The amortization is reflected as interest expense in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

During the first three months of fiscal 2019, the Company did not incur any debt issuance costs related to the Agreement. During fiscal 2018, the Company incurred approximately $103,000 in debt issuance costs related to the Agreement. Debt issuance costs of approximately $366,000 and $435,000 as of July 31, 2018 and April 30, 2018, respectively, are shown as a deduction from the debt facilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

On December 15, 2015, the Company entered into an agreement to purchase the property on which one of its dealerships is located for a purchase price of $550,000. Under the agreement, the purchase price is being paid in monthly principal and interest installments of $10,005. The debt matures in December 2020, bears interest at a rate of 3.50% and is secured by the property. The balance on this note payable was approximately $278,000 and $305,000 as of July 31, 2018 and April 30, 2018, respectively.

On March 29, 2018, the Company entered into a lease classified as a capital lease. The present value of the minimum lease payments was approximately $1.1 million as of July 31, 2018 and April 30, 2018, which is included in Debt facilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The leased equipment is amortized on a straight-line basis over three years. As of July 31, 2018 and April 30, 2018, there was approximately $54,000 and $14,000, respectively, in accumulated depreciation related to the leased equipment.

G – Fair Value Measurements

The table below summarizes information about the fair value of financial instruments included in the Company’s financial statements at July 31, 2018 and April 30, 2018:

	July 31, 2018				April 30, 2018
(In thousands)	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value
Cash	$	841	$	841	$	1,022	$	1,022
Finance receivables, net		398,373		320,304		383,617		308,384
Accounts payable		14,398		14,398		13,609		13,609
Debt facilities		155,135		155,135		152,367		152,367

Because no market exists for certain of the Company’s financial instruments, fair value estimates are based on judgments and estimates regarding yield expectations of investors, credit risk and other risk characteristics, including interest rate and prepayment risk. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of judgment and therefore cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect these estimates. The methodology and assumptions utilized to estimate the fair value of the Company’s financial instruments are as follows:

Financial Instrument	Valuation Methodology
Cash	The carrying amount is considered to be a reasonable estimate of fair value due to the short-term nature of the financial instrument.
Finance receivables, net	The Company estimates the fair value of its receivables at what a third party purchaser might be willing to pay. The Company has had discussions with third parties and has bought and sold portfolios, and had a third party appraisal in November 2012 that indicated a range of 35% to 40% discount to face would be a reasonable fair value in a negotiated third party transaction.  The sale of finance receivables from Car-Mart of Arkansas to Colonial is made at a 38.5% discount.  For financial reporting purposes these sale transactions are eliminated. Since the Company does not intend to offer the receivables for sale to an outside third party, the expectation is that the net book value at July 31, 2018, will ultimately be collected. By collecting the accounts internally, the Company expects to realize more than a third party purchaser would expect to collect with a servicing requirement and a profit margin included.

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Accounts payable	The carrying amount is considered to be a reasonable estimate of fair value due to the short-term nature of the financial instrument.
Debt facilities	The fair value approximates carrying value due to the variable interest rates charged on the revolving credit facilities, which reprice frequently.

H – Weighted Average Shares Outstanding

Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding used in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share were as

follows:

	Three Months Ended July 31,
	2018		2017
Weighted average shares outstanding-basic		6,924,035		7,548,846
Dilutive options and restricted stock		202,650		219,464
Weighted average shares outstanding-diluted		7,126,685		7,768,310
Antidilutive securities not included:
Options		120,000		337,750
Restricted stock		-		34,000

I – Stock-Based Compensation

The Company has stock-based compensation plans available to grant non-qualified stock options, incentive stock options and restricted stock to employees, directors and certain advisors of the Company. The stock-based compensation plans being utilized at July 31, 2018 are the Amended and Restated Stock Option Plan and the Amended and Restated Stock Incentive Plan. The Company recorded total stock-based compensation expense for all plans of approximately $1,094,000 ($831,000 after tax effects) and $626,000 ($393,000 after tax effects) for the three months ended July 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Tax benefits were recognized for these costs at the Company’s overall effective tax rate, excluding discrete income tax benefits related to excess benefits on share-based compensation.

Stock Options

The Company has options outstanding under a stock option plan approved by the shareholders, the Amended and Restated Stock Option Plan. The shareholders of the Company approved the Amended and Restated Stock Option Plan (the “Restated Option Plan”) on August 5, 2015, which extended the term of the Restated Option Plan to June 10, 2025 and increased the number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the plan to 1,800,000 shares. On August 29, 2018, the shareholders of the Company approved an amendment to the Restated Option Plan increasing the number of share of common stock reserved for issuance under the plan by an additional 200,000 shares to 2,000,000 shares. The Restated Option Plan provides for the grant of options to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock to employees, directors and certain advisors of the Company at a price not less than the fair market value of the stock on the date of grant and for periods not to exceed ten years. Options granted under the Company’s stock option plans expire in the calendar years 2018 through 2028.

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	Restated Option Plan
Minimum exercise price as a percentage of fair market value at date of grant	100%
Last expiration date for outstanding options	May 8, 2028
Shares available for grant at July 31, 2018	98,500

The fair value of options granted is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model based on the assumptions in the table below.

	Three Months Ended July 31,
	2018			2017
Expected term (years)		5.5			5.5
Risk-free interest rate		2.78	%		1.81	%
Volatility		36	%		36	%
Dividend yield		-			-

The expected term of the options is based on evaluations of historical actual and future expected employee exercise behavior. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury rates at the date of grant with maturity dates approximately equal to the expected life at the grant date. Volatility is based on historical volatility of the Company’s common stock. The Company has not historically issued any dividends and does not expect to do so in the foreseeable future.

There were 145,000 options granted during the three months ended July 31, 2018 and 25,000 options granted during the three months ended July 31, 2017. The grant-date fair value of options granted during the three months ended July 31, 2018 and 2017 was $3 million and $336,000, respectively. The options were granted at fair market value on the date of grant.

Stock option compensation expense was $841,000 ($639,000 after tax effects) and $551,000 ($345,000 after tax effects) for the three months ended July 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. As of July 31, 2018, the Company had approximately $3.8 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested options that are expected to vest. These unvested outstanding options have a weighted-average remaining vesting period of 2.7 years.

In May 2015, key employees of the Company were granted 91,125 performance-based stock options with a five-year performance period ending April 30, 2020. An additional 40,000 such options were granted to key employees of the Company in August 2015. Tiered vesting of these units is based solely on comparing the Company’s net income over the specified performance period to net income at April 30, 2015. As of July 31, 2018, the Company had $1 million in unrecognized compensation expense related to 61,000 of these options that are not currently expected to vest.

The Company had the following options exercised for the periods indicated. The impact of these cash receipts is included in financing activities in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

	Three Months Ended July 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2018		2017
Options exercised		162,250		35,250
Cash received from option exercises	$	3,259	$	543
Intrinsic value of options exercised	$	5,508	$	784

The aggregate intrinsic value of outstanding options at July 31, 2018 and 2017 was $13.5 million and $9.5 million, respectively. As of July 31, 2018, there were 240,750 vested and exercisable stock options outstanding with an aggregate intrinsic value of $7 million, a weighted average remaining contractual life of 3.89 years, and a weighted average exercise price of $34.98.

Stock Incentive Plan

On August 5, 2015, the shareholders of the Company approved the Amended and Restated Stock Incentive Plan (the “Restated Incentive Plan”), which extended the term of the Company’s Stock Incentive Plan to June 10, 2025. On August 29, 2018, the shareholders of the Company approved an amendment to the Restated Stock Incentive Plan that increased the number of shares of common stock that may be issued under the Restated Incentive Plan by 100,000 shares to 450,000. For shares issued under the Stock Incentive Plan, the associated compensation expense is generally recognized equally over the vesting periods established at the award date and is subject to the employee’s continued employment by the Company.

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There were 3,000 restricted shares granted during the three months ended July 31, 2018 and 34,500 restricted shares were granted during the three months ended July 31, 2017. A total of 6,027 shares remained available for award at July 31, 2018. There were 181,000 unvested restricted shares outstanding as of July 31, 2018 with a weighted average grant date fair value of $46.13.

As of July 31, 2018, the Company had approximately $7.5 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested awards granted under the Stock Incentive Plan, which the Company expects to recognize over a weighted-average remaining period of 7.9 years. The Company recorded compensation cost of approximately $247,000 ($188,000 after tax effects) and $71,000 ($45,000 after tax effects) related to the Restated Incentive Plan during the three months ended July 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

There were no modifications to any of the Company’s outstanding share-based payment awards during fiscal 2018 or during the first three months of fiscal 2019.

J – Commitments and Contingencies

The Company has a standby letter of credit relating to an insurance policy totaling $1 million at July 31, 2019.

K - Supplemental Cash Flow Information

Supplemental cash flow disclosures are as follows:

	Three Months Ended July 31,
(in thousands)	2018			2017
Supplemental disclosures:
Interest paid	$	1,202		$	1,172
Income taxes paid (refunds received), net		(50	)		147
Non-cash transactions:
Inventory acquired in repossession and payment protection plan claims		11,153			9,096
Net settlement option exercises		1,417			-

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the Company's Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this report.

Forward-Looking Information

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements address the Company’s future objectives, plans and goals, as well as the Company’s intent, beliefs and current expectations regarding future operating performance, and can generally be identified by words such as “may”, “will”, “should”, “could”, “believe”, “expect”, “anticipate”, “intend”, “plan”, “foresee”, and other similar words or phrases. Specific events addressed by these forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:

· new dealership openings;

· performance of new dealerships;

· same dealership revenue growth;

· future revenue growth;

· receivables growth as related to revenue growth;

· gross margin percentages;

· interest rates;

· future credit losses;

· the Company’s collection results, including, but not limited to, collections during income tax refund periods;

· seasonality;

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· compliance with tax regulations;

· the Company’s business and growth strategies;

· financing the majority of growth from profits; and

· having adequate liquidity to satisfy its capital needs.

These forward-looking statements are based on the Company’s current estimates and assumptions and involve various risks and uncertainties. As a result, you are cautioned that these forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance, and that actual results could differ materially from those projected in these forward-looking statements. Factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from the Company’s projections include those risks described elsewhere in this report, as well as:

· the availability of credit facilities to support the Company’s business;

· the Company’s ability to underwrite and collect its contracts effectively;

· competition;

· dependence on existing management;

· availability of quality vehicles at prices that will be affordable to customers;

· changes in consumer finance laws or regulations, including, but not limited to, rules and regulations that have recently been enacted or could be enacted by federal and state governments; and

· general economic conditions in the markets in which the Company operates, including, but not limited to, fluctuations in gas prices, grocery prices and employment levels.

The Company undertakes no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the dates on which they are made.

Overview

America’s Car-Mart, Inc., a Texas corporation initially formed in 1981 (the “Company”), is one of the largest publicly held automotive retailers in the United States focused exclusively on the “Integrated Auto Sales and Finance” segment of the used car market. The Company’s operations are principally conducted through its two operating subsidiaries, America’s Car Mart, Inc., an Arkansas corporation (“Car-Mart of Arkansas”), and Colonial Auto Finance, Inc., an Arkansas corporation (“Colonial”). References to the Company include the Company’s consolidated subsidiaries. The Company primarily sells older model used vehicles and provides financing for substantially all of its customers. Many of the Company’s customers have limited financial resources and would not qualify for conventional financing as a result of limited credit histories or past credit problems. As of July 31, 2018, the Company operated 140 dealerships located primarily in small cities throughout the South-Central United States.

The Company has grown its revenues between 3% and 13% per year over the last ten fiscal years (8% on average). Growth results from same dealership revenue growth and the addition of new dealerships. Revenue increased 12% for the first three months of fiscal 2019 compared to the same period of fiscal 2018 due to a 9.8% increase in interest income and a 5.9% increase in the number of retail units sold.

The Company’s primary focus is on collections. Each dealership is responsible for its own collections with supervisory involvement of the corporate office. Over the last five fiscal years, the Company’s credit losses as a percentage of sales have ranged from approximately 25.5% in fiscal 2015 to 28.7% in fiscal 2017 (average of 27.6%). The increase in credit losses as a percentage of sales in recent years has been primarily due to increased contract term lengths and lower down payments resulting from increased competitive pressures as well as higher charge-offs caused, to an extent, by negative macro-economic factors affecting the Company’s customer base. For the first three months of fiscal 2019, credit losses as a percentage of sales were 26.1%, compared to 26.6% for the first three months of fiscal 2018. The decrease in the provision for credit losses as a percentage of sales is primarily due to a higher percentage of collections of finance receivables, due to the lower average originating contract term, lower delinquencies and a lower level of modifications, partially offset by the increase in our contract interest rate.

Historically, credit losses, on a percentage basis, tend to be higher at new and developing dealerships than at mature dealerships. Generally, this is the case because the management at new and developing dealerships tends to be less experienced in making credit decisions and collecting customer accounts and the customer base is less seasoned. Normally more mature dealerships have more repeat customers and, on average, repeat customers are a better credit risk than non-repeat customers. Negative macro-economic issues do not always lead to higher credit loss results for the Company because the Company provides basic affordable transportation which in many cases is not a discretionary expenditure for customers. The Company does believe, however, that general inflation, particularly within staple items such as groceries and gasoline, as well as overall unemployment levels and potentially lower or stagnant personal income levels affecting customers can have, and have had in recent years, a negative impact on collections. Additionally, increased competition for used vehicle financing in recent years has had a negative effect on collections and charge-offs.

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In an ongoing effort to reduce credit losses, improve collection levels and operate more efficiently, the Company continues to look for improvements to its business practices, including better underwriting and better collection procedures. The Company has a proprietary credit scoring system which enables the Company to monitor the quality of contracts. Corporate office personnel monitor proprietary credit scores and work with dealerships when the distribution of scores falls outside of prescribed thresholds. The Company has implemented credit reporting and the use of GPS units on vehicles. Additionally, the Company places significant focus on the collection area; the Company’s training department continues to spend significant time and effort on collections improvements. The field operations officer oversees the collections department and provides timely oversight and additional accountability on a consistent basis. In addition, the Company has a director of collection services who assists with managing the Company’s servicing and collections practices and provides additional monitoring and training. The Company believes that the proper execution of its business practices is the single most important determinant of its long term credit loss experience.

Historically, the Company’s gross margin as a percentage of sales has been fairly consistent from year to year. Over the previous five fiscal years, the Company’s gross margins as a percentage of sales ranged between approximately 40% and 42%. The Company’s gross margin is based upon the cost of the vehicle purchased, with lower-priced vehicles typically having higher gross margin percentages, and is also affected by the percentage of wholesale sales to retail sales, which relates for the most part to repossessed vehicles sold at or near cost. Gross margin in recent years has been negatively affected by the increase in the average retail sales price (a function of a higher purchase price) and higher operating costs, mostly related to increased vehicle repair costs and higher fuel costs. After decreasing to a five-year low of 39.8% of sales during fiscal 2016, gross margin for fiscal 2017 improved to 41.4% primarily as a result of lower repair expenses and a decrease in losses on wholesales, and remained relatively flat for fiscal 2018 compared to 2017. For the first three months of fiscal 2019 the gross margin was 41.6% of sales compared to 41.4% for the first three months of fiscal 2018, resulting primarily from better wholesale management, decreased repair costs and lower PPP claims partially offset by a decrease as a result of the higher average selling price. The Company expects that its gross margin percentage will continue to remain in the historical range over the near term.

Hiring, training and retaining qualified associates is critical to the Company’s success. The extent to which the Company is able to add new dealerships and implement operating initiatives is limited by the number of trained managers and support personnel the Company has at its disposal. Excessive turnover, particularly at the dealership manager level, could impact the Company’s ability to add new dealerships and to meet operational initiatives. The Company has added resources to recruit, train, and develop personnel, especially personnel targeted for dealership manager positions. The Company expects to continue to invest in the development of its workforce.

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Three months ended July 31, 2018 vs. Three months ended July 31, 2017

Consolidated Operations

(Operating Statement Dollars in Thousands)

							% Change			As a % of Sales
	Three Months Ended						2018			Three Months Ended
	July 31,						vs.			July 31,
	2018			2017			2017			2018		2017
Revenues:
Sales	$	144,101		$	128,274			12.3	%		100.0		100.0
Interest income		19,914			18,144			9.8			13.8		14.1
Total		164,015			146,418			12.0
Costs and expenses:
Cost of sales, excluding depreciation shown below		84,168			75,206			11.9			58.4		58.6
Selling, general and administrative		26,382			23,865			10.5			18.3		18.6
Provision for credit losses		37,543			34,160			9.9			26.1		26.6
Interest expense		1,804			1,172			53.9			1.3		0.9
Depreciation and amortization		985			1,079			(8.7	)		0.7		0.8
Loss on disposal of property and equipment		-			47			(100.0	)		-		-
Total		150,882			135,529			11.3
Pretax income	$	13,133		$	10,889						9.1		8.5
Operating Data:
Retail units sold		12,533			11,837
Average stores in operation		140			140
Average units sold per store per month		29.8			28.2
Average retail sales price	$	11,015		$	10,386
Same store revenue change		12.1	%		2.1	%
Period End Data:
Stores open		140			140
Accounts over 30 days past due		3.5	%		4.6	%

Revenues increased by approximately $17.6 million, or 12%, for the three months ended July 31, 2018 as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year. The increase resulted from revenue growth at dealerships that operated a full three months in both current and prior year third quarter ($17.5 million) and revenue growth from dealerships opened after the prior year quarter ($2.2 million), partially offset by the loss of revenues from dealerships closed after July 31, 2017 ($2.1 million). Interest income increased approximately $1.8 million for the three months ended July 31, 2018, as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year due to the $36.7 million increase in average finance receivables and the increase in the contract interest rate from 15.0% to 16.5% at the end of May 2016.

Cost of sales, as a percentage of sales, decreased to 58.4% for the three months ended July 31, 2018 compared to 58.6% for the same period of the prior fiscal year, resulting in a gross margin as a percentage of sales of 41.6% for the current year period compared to 41.4% for the prior year period. The higher gross margin percentage primarily relates to better wholesale management, decreased repair costs and lower payment protection plan claims, partially offset by a decrease as a result of the higher average selling price, as gross margin percentages are lower at a higher selling price.

Gross margin as a percentage of sales is significantly impacted by the average retail sales price of the vehicles the Company sells, which is largely a function of the Company’s purchase cost. The average retail sales price for the first quarter of fiscal 2019 was $11,015 a $629 increase over the prior year quarter. The Company’s purchase costs remain relatively high as a result of increases in prior periods from a combination of consumer demand for the types of vehicles the Company purchases for resale and a strategic management decision to purchase higher quality vehicles for our customers. When purchase costs increase, the margin between the purchase cost and the sales price of the vehicles we sell narrows as a percentage because the Company must offer affordable prices to our customers. Therefore, we continue to focus efforts on minimizing the average retail sales price of our vehicles in order to help keep contract terms shorter, which helps customers maintain appropriate equity in their vehicles and reduces credit losses and resulting wholesale volumes.

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Selling, general and administrative expenses, as a percentage of sales, were 18.3% for the three months ended July 31, 2018, a decrease of 0.3% from the same period of the prior fiscal year. Selling, general and administrative expenses are, for the most part, more fixed in nature. In dollar terms, overall selling, general and administrative expenses increased approximately $2.5 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2019 compared to the same period of the prior fiscal year. The majority of this increase is in the payroll and benefits area as we continue to invest in our associates as we train, develop and recruit to provide excellent customer service. This includes additional bonus and commissions related to the higher net income levels as several of our associates (especially the general managers) are compensated on net income. The Company continues to focus on controlling costs, while at the same time ensuring a solid infrastructure to ensure a high level of support for our customers.

Provision for credit losses as a percentage of sales was 26.1% for the three months ended July 31, 2018 compared to 26.6% for the three months ended July 31, 2017. Net charge-offs as a percentage of average finance receivables were 6.4% for the three months ended July 31, 2018 and for the prior year quarter. The decrease in the provision for credit losses as a percentage of sales is primarily due to a higher percentage of collections of finance receivables, due to the lower average originating contract term, lower delinquencies and a lower level of modifications, partially offset by the increase in our contract interest rate. The Company believes that the proper execution of its business practices remains the single most important determinant of its long-term credit loss experience.

Interest expense as a percentage of sales increased to 1.3% for the three months ended July 31, 2018 compared to 0.9% for the same period of the prior fiscal year. The increase is attributable to higher average borrowings during the three months ended July 31, 2018 at $152.8 million, compared to $118.5 million for the prior year quarter, along with increased interest rates.

Financial Condition

The following table sets forth the major balance sheet accounts of the Company as of the dates specified (in thousands):

	July 31, 2018		April 30, 2018
Assets:
Finance receivables, net	$	398,373	$	383,617
Inventory		37,512		33,610
Income taxes receivable, net		21		1,450
Property and equipment, net		28,294		28,594
Liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities		34,637		29,569
Deferred revenue		31,034		30,155
Deferred tax liabilities, net		13,429		12,558
Debt facilities		155,135		152,367

Historically, the growth in finance receivables has been slightly higher than overall revenue growth on an annual basis due to overall term length increases partially offset by improvements in underwriting and collection procedures in an effort to reduce credit losses. Finance receivables grew 3.8% since April 30, 2018 and revenues increased 12% compared to the prior year quarter.

During the first three months of fiscal 2019, inventory increased by $3.9 million compared to inventory at April 30, 2018. The Company strives to improve the quality of the inventory and improve turns while maintaining inventory levels to ensure adequate supply of vehicles, in volume and mix, and to meet sales demand.

Income taxes receivable, net, was $21,000 at July 31, 2018 as compared to income taxes receivable, net of $1.5 million at April 30, 2018, primarily due to the timing of quarterly tax payments, refunds due related to tax reform and the tax benefit of stock option exercises.

Property and equipment, net, decreased by $300,000 at July 31, 2018 as compared to property and equipment, net, at April 30, 2018. The Company incurred $985,000 of depreciation expense, partially offset by $685,000 in expenditures to refurbish and expand existing locations.

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities increased by $5.1 million during the first three months of fiscal 2019 as compared to accounts payable and accrued liabilities at April 30, 2018, related primarily to increases in inventory and cash overdrafts.

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Deferred revenue increased $879,000 at July 31, 2018 as compared to April 30, 2018, primarily resulting from increased sales of the payment protection plan product and service contracts.

Deferred income tax liabilities, net, increased approximately $871,000 at July 31, 2018 as compared to April 30, 2018, due primarily to the increase in finance receivables.

Borrowings on the Company’s revolving credit facilities fluctuate primarily based upon a number of factors including (i) net income, (ii) finance receivables changes, (iii) income taxes, (iv) capital expenditures, and (v) common stock repurchases.  Historically, income from operations, as well as borrowings on the revolving credit facilities, have funded the Company’s finance receivables growth, capital asset purchases and common stock repurchases. In the first three months of fiscal 2019, the Company funded finance receivables growth of $19.4 million, inventory growth of $3.9 million, capital expenditures of $685,000, and common stock repurchases of $7.4 million with income from operations and a $2.8 million increase in total debt.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

The following table sets forth certain summarized historical information with respect to the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended July 31,
	2018			2017
Operating activities:
Net income	$	10,884		$	6,992
Provision for credit losses		37,543			34,160
Losses on claims for payment protection plan		4,069			3,938
Depreciation and amortization		985			1,079
Stock based compensation		1,094			626
Finance receivable originations		(134,261	)		(118,953	)
Finance receivable collections		66,740			58,934
Inventory		7,251			8,487
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities		3,032			3,481
Deferred payment protection plan revenue		606			416
Deferred service contract revenue		272			290
Income taxes, net		486			3,175
Deferred income taxes		871			404
Accrued interest on finance receivables		(143	)		(153	)
Other		985			(86	)
Total		414			2,790
Investing activities:
Purchase of property and equipment		(685	)		(613	)
Total		(685	)		(613	)
Financing activities:
Revolving credit facilities, net		2,793			(302	)
Debt issuance costs		-			(28	)
Payments on note payable		(94	)		(27	)
Change in cash overdrafts		2,036			1,431
Purchase of common stock		(7,377	)		(3,745	)
Dividend payments		(10	)		(10	)
Exercise of stock options and issuance of common stock		2,742			571
Total		90			(2,110	)
Increase (decrease) in cash	$	(181	)	$	67

The primary drivers of operating profits and cash flows include (i) top line sales (ii) interest income on finance receivables, (iii) gross margin percentages on vehicle sales, and (iv) credit losses, a significant portion of which relates to the collection of principal on finance receivables. The Company generates cash flow from operations.  Historically, most or all of this cash is used to fund finance receivables growth, capital expenditures, and common stock repurchases.  To the extent finance receivables growth, capital expenditures and common stock repurchases exceed income from operations, generally the Company increases its borrowings under its revolving credit facilities.  The majority of the Company’s growth has been self-funded.

Cash flows from operations for the three months ended July 31, 2018 compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year were decreased primarily as a result of (i) larger finance receivables originations, (ii) a smaller increase in inventory for the three months ended July 31, 2018 compared to the increase in inventory in the prior fiscal year, (iii) a smaller increase in accounts payable and accrued liabilities for the three months ended July 31, 2018 compared to the increase in accounts payable and accrued liabilities in the prior fiscal year, and (iv) a smaller decrease in incomes tax receivable, partially offset by (i) higher net income, (ii) higher finance receivable collections, and (iii) a higher non-cash charge for credit losses. Finance receivables, net, increased by $14.8 million from April 30, 2018 to July 31, 2018.

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The purchase price the Company pays for a vehicle has a significant effect on liquidity and capital resources. Because the Company bases its selling price on the purchase cost for the vehicle, increases in purchase costs result in increased selling prices. As the selling price increases, it becomes more difficult to keep the gross margin percentage and contract term in line with historical results because the Company’s customers have limited incomes and their car payments must remain affordable within their individual budgets. Several external factors can negatively affect the purchase cost of vehicles. Decreases in the overall volume of new car sales, particularly domestic brands, lead to decreased supply in the used car market. Also, constrictions in consumer credit, as well as general economic conditions, can increase overall demand for the types of vehicles the Company purchases for resale as used vehicles become more attractive than new vehicles in times of economic instability. A negative shift in used vehicle supply, combined with strong demand, results in increased used vehicle prices and thus higher purchase costs for the Company. These factors have caused purchase costs to increase generally over the last five years. The higher vehicle purchase costs coupled with more sales of SUVs and trucks resulted in an increase in the average sales price of $629, or 6.1%, during the first three months of fiscal 2019 compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year. Management expects the supply of vehicles to remain tight during the near term and to result in further modest increases in vehicle purchase costs, with strong new car sales levels in recent years helping to provide additional supply and mitigate expected cost increases.

The Company believes that the amount of credit available for the sub-prime auto industry has increased in recent years, and management expects the availability of consumer credit within the automotive industry to be higher over the near term when compared to historical levels. This is expected to contribute to continued strong overall demand for most, if not all, of the vehicles the Company purchases for resale.  Increased competition resulting from availability of funding to the sub-prime auto industry can result in lower down payments and longer terms, which can have a negative effect on collection percentages, liquidity and credit losses. In the most recent quarter competitive pressures may have eased modestly, contributing to increased traffic at our dealerships.

Macro-economic factors such as inflation within groceries and other staple items, as well as overall unemployment levels, can also affect the Company’s collection results, credit losses and resulting liquidity. The Company anticipates that, despite generally positive overall economic trends, the challenges facing the Company’s customer base, coupled with the extended terms and decreased recovery rates, will contribute to credit losses remaining elevated in the near term compared to historical ranges. Management continues to focus on improved execution at the dealership level, specifically as related to working individually with customers to address collection issues.

The Company has generally leased the majority of the properties where its dealerships are located. As of July 31, 2018, the Company leased approximately 89% of its dealership properties. The Company expects to continue to lease the majority of the properties where its dealerships are located.

The Company’s revolving credit facilities generally restrict distributions by the Company to its shareholders. The distribution limitations under the credit facilities allow the Company to repurchase shares of its common stock up to certain limits. Under the current limits, the aggregate amount of repurchases after October 25, 2017 cannot exceed the greater of: (a) $50 million, net of proceeds received from the exercise of stock options (plus any repurchases made during the first six months after October 25, 2017, in an aggregate amount up to the remaining availability under the $40 million repurchase limit in effect immediately prior to October 25, 2017, net of proceeds received from the exercise of stock options), provided that the sum of the borrowing bases combined minus the principal balances of all revolver loans after giving effect to such repurchases is equal to or greater than 20% of the sum of the borrowing bases; or (b) 75% of the consolidated net income of the Company measured on a trailing twelve month basis. In addition, immediately before and after giving effect to the Company’s stock repurchases, at least 12.5% of the aggregate funds committed under the credit facilities must remain available. Thus, although the Company currently does routinely repurchase stock, the Company is limited in its ability to pay dividends or make other distributions to its shareholders without the consent of the Company’s lenders.

At July 31, 2018, the Company had approximately $841,000 of cash on hand and approximately an additional $44 million of availability under its revolving credit facilities (see Note F to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements).  On a short-term basis, the Company’s principal sources of liquidity include income from operations and borrowings under its revolving credit facilities. On a longer-term basis, the Company expects its principal sources of liquidity to consist of income from operations and borrowings under revolving credit facilities or fixed interest term loans. The Company’s revolving credit facilities mature in December 2019. Furthermore, while the Company has no specific plans to issue debt or equity securities, the Company believes, if necessary, it could raise additional capital through the issuance of such securities.

The Company expects to use cash from operations and borrowings to (i) grow its finance receivables portfolio, (ii) purchase property and equipment of approximately $3.2 million in the next 12 months in connection with refurbishing existing dealerships and adding new dealerships, (iii) repurchase shares of common stock when favorable conditions exist, and (iv) reduce debt to the extent excess cash is available.

The Company believes it will have adequate liquidity to continue to grow its revenues and to satisfy its capital needs for the foreseeable future.

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Contractual Payment Obligations

There have been no material changes outside of the ordinary course of business in the Company’s contractual payment obligations from those reported at April 30, 2018 in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

The Company has entered into operating leases for approximately 89% of its dealerships and office facilities. Generally, these leases are for periods of three to five years and usually contain multiple renewal options. The Company uses leasing arrangements to maintain flexibility in its dealership locations and to preserve capital. The Company expects to continue to lease the majority of its dealerships and office facilities under arrangements substantially consistent with the past.

The Company has a standby letter of credit relating to an insurance policy totaling $1 million at July 31, 2018.

Other than its operating leases and the letter of credit, the Company is not a party to any off-balance sheet arrangement that management believes is reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on the Company’s financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that are material to investors.

Related Finance Company Contingency

Car-Mart of Arkansas and Colonial do not meet the affiliation standard for filing consolidated income tax returns, and as such they file separate federal and state income tax returns. Car-Mart of Arkansas routinely sells its finance receivables to Colonial at what the Company believes to be fair market value and is able to take a tax deduction at the time of sale for the difference between the tax basis of the receivables sold and the sales price. These types of transactions, based upon facts and circumstances, have been permissible under the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code as described in the Treasury Regulations. For financial accounting purposes, these transactions are eliminated in consolidation and a deferred income tax liability has been recorded for this timing difference. The sale of finance receivables from Car-Mart of Arkansas to Colonial provides certain legal protection for the Company’s finance receivables and, principally because of certain state apportionment characteristics of Colonial, also has the effect of reducing the Company’s overall effective state income tax rate by approximately 250 basis points. The actual interpretation of the Regulations is in part a facts and circumstances matter. The Company believes it satisfies the material provisions of the Regulations. Failure to satisfy those provisions could result in the loss of a tax deduction at the time the receivables are sold and have the effect of increasing the Company’s overall effective income tax rate as well as the timing of required tax payments.

The Company’s policy is to recognize accrued interest related to unrecognized tax benefits in interest expense and penalties in operating expenses. The Company had no accrued penalties or interest as of July 31, 2018.

Critical Accounting Policies

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions in determining the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from the Company’s estimates. The Company believes the most significant estimate made in the preparation of the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements relates to the determination of its allowance for credit losses, which is discussed below. The Company’s accounting policies are discussed in Note B to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

The Company maintains an allowance for credit losses on an aggregate basis at a level it considers sufficient to cover estimated losses inherent in the portfolio at the balance sheet date in the collection of its finance receivables currently outstanding.  At July 31, 2018, the weighted average total contract term was 32.4 months with 23.5 months remaining. The reserve amount in the allowance for credit losses at July 31, 2018, $122.4 million, was 25% of the principal balance in finance receivables of $520.8 million, less unearned payment protection plan revenue of $20.4 million and unearned service contract revenue of $10.6 million.

The estimated reserve amount is the Company’s anticipated future net charge-offs for losses incurred through the balance sheet date. The allowance takes into account historical credit loss experience (both timing and severity of losses), with consideration given to recent credit loss trends and changes in contract characteristics (i.e., average amount financed, months outstanding at loss date, term and age of portfolio), delinquency levels, collateral values, economic conditions and underwriting and collection practices. The allowance for credit losses is reviewed at least quarterly by management with any changes reflected in current operations. The calculation of the allowance for credit losses uses the following primary factors:

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· The number of units repossessed or charged-off as a percentage of total units financed over specific historical periods of time from one year to five years.

· The average net repossession and charge-off loss per unit during the last eighteen months segregated by the number of months since the contract origination date and adjusted for the expected future average net charge-off loss per unit.  About 50% of the charge-offs that will ultimately occur in the portfolio are expected to occur within 10-11 months following the balance sheet date.  The average age of an account at charge-off date for the eighteen-month period ended July 31, 2018 was 12 months.

· The timing of repossession and charge-off losses relative to the date of sale (i.e., how long it takes for a repossession or charge-off to occur) for repossessions and charge-offs occurring during the last eighteen months.

A point estimate is produced by this analysis which is then supplemented by any positive or negative subjective factors to arrive at an overall reserve amount that management considers to be a reasonable estimate of losses inherent in the portfolio at the balance sheet date that will be realized via actual charge-offs in the future. Although it is at least reasonably possible that events or circumstances could occur in the future that are not presently foreseen which could cause actual credit losses to be materially different from the recorded allowance for credit losses, the Company believes that it has given appropriate consideration to all relevant factors and has made reasonable assumptions in determining the allowance for credit losses. While challenging economic conditions can negatively impact credit losses, the effectiveness of the execution of internal policies and procedures within the collections area and the competitive environment on the funding side have historically had a more significant effect on collection results than macro-economic issues. A 1% change, as a percentage of finance receivables, in the allowance for credit losses would equate to an approximate pre-tax adjustment of $4.9 million.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Occasionally, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) or other standard setting bodies, which the Company will adopt as of the specified effective date. Unless otherwise discussed, the Company believes the implementation of recently issued standards which are not yet effective will not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements upon adoption.

Revenue Recognition. In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), which supersedes existing revenue recognition guidance. The new guidance in ASU 2014-09 is based on the principle that revenue is recognized to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. ASU 2014-09 also requires additional disclosure about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts, including significant judgments and changes in judgments and assets recognized from costs incurred to obtain or fulfill a contract. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the Effective Date, to provide entities with an additional year to implement ASU 2014-09. As a result, the guidance in ASU 2014-09 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim reporting periods within those years, using one of two retrospective application methods. The Company adopted this standard for its fiscal year beginning May 1, 2018 and applied the modified retrospective transition method. Adoption of this standard did not result in an adjustment. The Company’s evaluation process included, but was not limited to, identifying contracts within the scope of the guidance and reviewing and documenting its accounting for these contracts. The Company primarily sells products and recognizes revenue at the point of sale or delivery to customers, at which point the earnings process is deemed to be complete. The Company’s performance obligations are clearly identifiable, and management’s evaluation of the standard did not result in significant changes to the assessment of such performance obligations or the timing of the Company’s revenue recognition upon adoption of the new standard. The Company’s primary business processes are consistent with the principles contained in the ASU, and the Company’s evaluation of the standard did not result in significant changes to those processes or its internal controls or systems.

Statement of Cash Flows. In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15 — Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230). ASU 2016-15 aims to eliminate diversity in the practice of how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. The guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017 and interim periods within those years. The Company adopted this standard for its fiscal year beginning May 1, 2018, and it did not have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

Income Taxes. In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-16, Income Taxes (Topic 740). ASU 2016-16 requires companies to recognize the income tax effects of intercompany sales and transfers of assets, other than inventory, in the period in which the transfer occurs. The guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017 and interim periods within those years. The Company adopted this standard for its fiscal year beginning May 1, 2018, and it did not have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

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Leases. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases. The new guidance requires that lessees recognize all leases, including operating leases, with a term greater than 12 months on-balance sheet and also requires disclosure of key information about leasing transactions. The guidance in ASU 2016-02 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim reporting periods within those years. The Company is currently evaluating the potential effects of the adoption of this guidance on the consolidated financial statements.

Credit Losses. In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326). ASU 2016-13 requires financial assets such as loans to be presented net of an allowance for credit losses that reduces the cost basis to the amount expected to be collected over the estimated life. Expected credit losses will be measured based on historical experience and current conditions, as well as forecasts of future conditions that affect the collectability of the reported amount. ASU 2016-13 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim reporting periods within those years using a modified retrospective approach. The Company is currently evaluating the potential effects of the adoption of this guidance on the consolidated financial statements, but does not expect such impact to be material.

Seasonality

Historically, the Company’s third fiscal quarter (November through January) has been the slowest period for vehicle sales. Conversely, the Company’s first and fourth fiscal quarters (May through July and February through April) have historically been the busiest times for vehicle sales. Therefore, the Company generally realizes a higher proportion of its revenue and operating profit during the first and fourth fiscal quarters. Tax refund anticipation sales efforts during the Company’s third fiscal quarter have increased sales levels during the third fiscal quarter in some past years; however, due to the timing of actual tax refund dollars in the Company’s markets, these sales and collections have primarily occurred in the fourth quarter in each of the last four fiscal years. The Company expects this pattern to continue in future years.

If conditions arise that impair vehicle sales during the first, third or fourth fiscal quarters, the adverse effect on the Company’s revenues and operating results for the year could be disproportionately large.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

The Company is exposed to market risk on its financial instruments from changes in interest rates.  In particular, the Company has historically had exposure to changes in the federal primary credit rate, and the prime interest rate of its lender.  The Company does not use financial instruments for trading purposes but has in the past entered into an interest rate swap agreement to manage interest rate risk.

Interest rate risk.   The Company’s exposure to changes in interest rates is primarily related to its debt obligations. The Company is exposed to changes in interest rates as a result of its revolving credit facilities. The interest rates charged to the Company under its credit facilities fluctuate based on its primary lender’s base rate of interest. The Company had total indebtedness of $154.2 million outstanding under its revolving credit facilities at July 31, 2018. The impact of a 1% increase in interest rates on this amount of debt would result in increased annual interest expense of approximately $1.5 million and a corresponding decrease in net income before income tax.

The Company’s earnings are impacted by its net interest income, which is the difference between the income earned on interest-bearing assets and the interest paid on interest-bearing notes payable. The Company’s finance receivables carry a fixed interest rate of 15% or 16.5% per annum, while its revolving credit facilities contain variable interest rates that fluctuate with market interest rates.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Based on management’s evaluation (with the participation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer), as of July 31, 2018, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)), are effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer) and Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer), to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

28

b) Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the Company’s last fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

PART II

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

In the ordinary course of business, the Company has become a defendant in various types of legal proceedings.  While the outcome of these proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty, the Company does not expect the final outcome of any of these proceedings, individually or in the aggregate, to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

There have been no material changes to the Company’s risk factors as previously disclosed in Item 1A to Part 1 of the Company’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2018.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

The Company is authorized to repurchase shares of its common stock under its common stock repurchase program. The Board of Directors most recently approved, and the Company announced, on November 16, 2017 the authorization to repurchase up to an additional one million shares along with the balance remaining under its previous authorization approved in July 2016.

The following table sets forth information with respect to purchases made by or on behalf of the Company of shares of the Company’s common stock during the periods indicated:

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased		Average Price Paid per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs(1)		Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs(1)
May 1, 2018 through May 31, 2018		-		-		-		683,718
June 1, 2018 through June 30, 2018		44,708		63.71		44,708		639,010
July 1, 2018 through July 31, 2018		71,291		63.52		71,291		567,719
Total		115,999		63.59		115,999

(1) The above described stock repurchase program has no expiration date.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

Not applicable.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosure

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

Not applicable.

29

Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit Number	Description of Exhibit
3.1	Articles of Incorporation of the Company, as amended. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibits 4.1-4.8 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the SEC on November 16, 2005 (File No. 333-129727)).
3.2	Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company dated December 4, 2007.  (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended October 31, 2007 filed with the SEC on December 7, 2007).
3.3	Amendment No. 1 to the Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 19, 2014).
10.1	Amended and Restated Stock Incentive Plan (Incorporated by reference to Appendix A to the Company’s Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed with the SEC on June 23, 2015).
10.2	Amendment to Amended and Restated Stock Incentive Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on September 4, 2018).
10.3	Amended and Restated Stock Option Plan (Incorporated by reference to Appendix B to the Company’s Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed with the SEC on June 23, 2015).
10.4	Amendment to Amended and Restated Stock Option Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on September 4, 2018).
31.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”).
31.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Exchange Act.
32.1	Certification of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) of the Exchange Act and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document
101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

30

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

America’s Car-Mart, Inc.
By:	/s/ Jeffrey A. Williams
	Jeffrey A. Williams
	President and Chief Executive Officer
	(Principal Executive Officer)
By:	/s/ Vickie D. Judy
	Vickie D. Judy
	Chief Financial Officer
	(Principal Financial Officer)

Dated: September 4, 2018

31

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

Certification

I, Jeffrey A. Williams, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of America’s Car-Mart, Inc. for the period ended July 31, 2018;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

September 4, 2018	/s/ Jeffrey A. Williams
	Jeffrey A. Williams
	President and Chief Executive Officer

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

Certification

I, Vickie D. Judy, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of America’s Car-Mart, Inc. for the period ended July 31, 2018;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

September 4, 2018	/s/ Vickie D. Judy
	Vickie D. Judy
	Chief Financial Officer

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of America’s Car-Mart, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended July 31, 2018 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), the undersigned, Jeffrey A. Williams, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, and Vickie D. Judy, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify in our capacities as officers of the Company, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to the best of our knowledge:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

By:	/s/ Jeffrey A. Williams
	Jeffrey A. Williams
	President and Chief Executive Officer
	September 4, 2018
By:	/s/ Vickie D. Judy
	Vickie D. Judy
	Chief Financial Officer
	September 4, 2018

XML

Document And Entity Information - shares	3 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2018	Sep. 04, 2018
Document Information [Line Items]
Entity Registrant Name	AMERICAS CARMART INC
Entity Central Index Key	0000799850
Trading Symbol	crmt
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--04-30
Entity Filer Category	Accelerated Filer
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	No
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding (in shares)		6,883,306
Document Type	10-Q
Document Period End Date	Jul. 31, 2018
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2019
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Amendment Flag	false

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Current Period Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jul. 31, 2018	Apr. 30, 2018
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 841	$ 1,022
Accrued interest on finance receivables	2,332	2,189
Finance receivables, net	398,373	383,617
Inventory	37,512	33,610
Income taxes receivable, net	21	1,450
Prepaid expenses and other assets	4,774	4,747
Goodwill	355	355
Property and equipment, net	28,294	28,594
Total Assets	472,502	455,584
Liabilities:
Accounts payable	14,398	13,609
Accrued liabilities	20,239	15,960
Deferred income tax liabilities, net	13,429	12,558
Debt facilities	155,135	152,367
Total liabilities	234,235	224,649
Commitments and contingencies (Note J)
Mezzanine equity:
Mandatorily redeemable preferred stock	400	400
Equity:
Preferred stock, par value $.01 per share, 1,000,000 shares authorized; none issued or outstanding
Common stock, par value $.01 per share, 50,000,000 shares authorized; 13,279,044 and 13,147,143 issued at July 31, 2018 and April 30, 2018, respectively, of which 6,865,063 and 6,849,161 were outstanding at July 31, 2018 and April 30, 2018, respectively	133	131
Additional paid-in capital	76,475	72,641
Retained earnings	372,861	361,988
Less: Treasury stock, at cost, 6,413,981 and 6,297,982 shares at July 31, 2018 and April 30, 2018, respectively	(211,702)	(204,325)
Total stockholders' equity	237,767	230,435
Non-controlling interest	100	100
Total equity	237,867	230,535
Total Liabilities, Mezzanine Equity and Equity	472,502	455,584
Payment Protection Plan [Member]
Liabilities:
Deferred revenue	20,429	19,823
Service Contract [Member]
Liabilities:
Deferred revenue	$ 10,605	$ 10,332

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Current Period Unaudited) (Parentheticals) - $ / shares	Jul. 31, 2018	Apr. 30, 2018
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	1,000,000	1,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0	0
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	50,000,000	50,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	13,279,044	13,147,143
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	6,865,063	6,849,161
Treasury stock, shares (in shares)	6,413,981	6,297,982

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2018	Jul. 31, 2017
Revenues:
Sales	$ 144,101	$ 128,274
Interest and other income	19,914	18,144
Total revenue	164,015	146,418
Costs and expenses:
Cost of sales	84,168	75,206
Selling, general and administrative	26,382	23,865
Provision for credit losses	37,543	34,160
Interest expense	1,804	1,172
Depreciation and amortization	985	1,079
Loss on disposal of property and equipment		47
Total costs and expenses	150,882	135,529
Income before taxes	13,133	10,889
Provision for income taxes	2,249	3,897
Net income	10,884	6,992
Less: Dividends on mandatorily redeemable preferred stock	(10)	(10)
Net income attributable to common stockholders	$ 10,874	$ 6,982
Earnings per share:
Basic (in dollars per share)	$ 1.57	$ 0.92
Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ 1.53	$ 0.90
Weighted average number of shares used in calculation:
Basic (in shares)	6,924,035	7,548,846
Diluted (in shares)	7,126,685	7,768,310

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2018	Jul. 31, 2017
Net income	$ 10,884,000	$ 6,992,000
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities:
Provision for credit losses	37,543,000	34,160,000
Losses on claims for payment protection plan	4,069,000	3,938,000
Depreciation and amortization	985,000	1,079,000
Amortization of debt issuance costs	69,000	59,000
Loss on disposal of property and equipment		47,000
Stock based compensation	1,094,000	626,000
Deferred income taxes	871,000	404,000
Excess tax benefit from share based compensation	943,000	172,000
Change in operating assets and liabilities:
Finance receivable originations	(134,261,000)	(118,953,000)
Finance receivable collections	66,740,000	58,934,000
Accrued interest on finance receivables	(143,000)	(153,000)
Inventory	7,251,000	8,487,000
Prepaid expenses and other assets	(27,000)	(364,000)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	3,032,000	3,481,000
Income taxes, net	486,000	3,175,000
Net cash provided by operating activities	414,000	2,790,000
Investing Activities:
Purchase of property and equipment	(685,000)	(613,000)
Net cash used in investing activities	(685,000)	(613,000)
Financing Activities:
Exercise of stock options	2,713,000	543,000
Issuance of common stock	29,000	28,000
Purchase of common stock	(7,377,000)	(3,745,000)
Dividend payments	(10,000)	(10,000)
Change in cash overdrafts	2,036,000	1,431,000
Debt issuance costs		(28,000)
Payments on note payable	(94,000)	(27,000)
Proceeds from revolving credit facilities	109,622,000	89,434,000
Payments on revolving credit facilities	(106,829,000)	(89,736,000)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	90,000	(2,110,000)
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	(181,000)	67,000
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	1,022,000	434,000
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	841,000	501,000
Payment Protection Plan [Member]
Change in operating assets and liabilities:
Increase (decrease) in deferred revenue	606,000	416,000
Service Contract [Member]
Change in operating assets and liabilities:
Increase (decrease) in deferred revenue	$ 272,000	$ 290,000

XML

Note A - Organization and Business

3 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2018

Notes to Financial Statements

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements Disclosure [Text Block]

A – Organization and Business

America’s Car-Mart, Inc., a Texas corporation (the “Company”), is

one

of the largest publicly held automotive retailers in the United States focused exclusively on the “Integrated Auto Sales and Finance” segment of the used car market. References to the Company typically include the Company’s consolidated subsidiaries. The Company’s operations are principally conducted through its

two

operating subsidiaries, America’s Car Mart, Inc., an Arkansas corporation (“Car-Mart of Arkansas”), and Colonial Auto Finance, Inc., an Arkansas corporation (“Colonial”). The Company primarily sells older model used vehicles and provides financing for substantially all of its customers. Many of the Company’s customers have limited financial resources and would

not

qualify for conventional financing as a result of limited credit histories or past credit problems. As of

July 31, 2018,

the Company operated

140

dealerships located primarily in small cities throughout the South-Central United States.

XML

Note B - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

3 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2018

Notes to Financial Statements

Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block]

B – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

General

The accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet as of

April 30, 2018,

which has been derived from audited financial statements, and the unaudited interim condensed financial statements as of

July 31, 2018

and

2017,

have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles for interim financial information and in accordance with the instructions to Form

10

-Q and Article

10

of Regulation S-

X.

Accordingly, they do

not

include all of the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the

three

months ended

July 31, 2018

are

not

necessarily indicative of the results that

may

be expected for the year ending

April 30, 2019.

For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in the Company’s annual report on Form

10

-K for the year ended

April 30, 2018.

Principles of Consolidation

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of America’s Car-Mart, Inc. and its subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

Segment Information

Each dealership is an operating segment with its results regularly reviewed by the Company’s chief operating decision maker in an effort to make decisions about resources to be allocated to the segment and to assess its performance. Individual dealerships meet the aggregation criteria for reporting purposes under the current accounting guidance. The Company operates in the Integrated Auto Sales and Finance segment of the used car market, also referred to as the Integrated Auto Sales and Finance industry. In this industry, the nature of the sale and the financing of the transaction, financing processes, the type of customer and the methods used to distribute the Company’s products and services, including the actual servicing of the contracts as well as the regulatory environment in which the Company operates, all have similar characteristics. Each of our individual dealerships are similar in nature and only engages in the selling and financing of used vehicles. All individual dealerships have similar operating characteristics. As such, individual dealerships have been aggregated into

one

reportable segment.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates include, but are

not

limited to, the Company’s allowance for credit losses.

Concentration of Risk

The Company provides financing in connection with the sale of substantially all of its vehicles. These sales are made primarily to customers residing in Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, Missouri, Oklahoma, Tennessee, and Texas, with approximately

29%

of current period revenues resulting from sales to Arkansas customers.

Periodically, the Company maintains cash in financial institutions in excess of the amounts insured by the federal government. The Company’s revolving credit facilities mature in

December 2019.

Restrictions on Distributions/Dividends

The Company’s revolving credit facilities generally restrict distributions by the Company to its shareholders. The distribution limitations under the credit facilities allow the Company to repurchase shares of its common stock up to certain limits. Under the current limits, the aggregate amount of repurchases after

October 25, 2017

cannot exceed the greater of: (a)

$50

million, net of proceeds received from the exercise of stock options (plus any repurchases made during the

first

six

months after

October 25, 2017,

in an aggregate amount up to the remaining availability under the

$40

million repurchase limit in effect immediately prior to

October 25, 2017,

net of proceeds received from the exercise of stock options), provided that the sum of the borrowing bases combined minus the principal balances of all revolver loans after giving effect to such repurchases is equal to or greater than

20%

of the sum of the borrowing bases; or (b)

75%

of the consolidated net income of the Company measured on a trailing

twelve

month basis. In addition, immediately before and after giving effect to the Company’s stock repurchases, at least

12.5%

of the aggregate funds committed under the credit facilities must remain available. Thus, the Company is limited in its ability to pay dividends or make other distributions to its shareholders without the consent of the Company’s lenders.

Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid debt instruments purchased with original maturities of

three

months or less to be cash equivalents.

Finance Receivables, Repossessions and Charge-offs and Allowance for Credit Losses

The Company originates installment sale contracts from the sale of used vehicles at its dealerships. These installment sale contracts carry an average interest rate of approximately

16.3%

using the simple effective interest method including any deferred fees. In

May 2016,

the Company increased its retail installment sales contract interest rate from

15.0%

to

16.5%

in response to continued high levels of credit losses. Contract origination costs are

not

significant. The installment sale contracts are

not

pre-computed contracts whereby borrowers are obligated to pay back principal plus the full amount of interest that will accrue over the entire term of the contract. Finance receivables are collateralized by vehicles sold and consist of contractually scheduled payments from installment contracts net of unearned finance charges and an allowance for credit losses. Unearned finance charges represent the balance of interest receivable to be earned over the entire term of the related installment contract, less the earned amount (

$2.3

million at

July 31, 2018

and

$2.2

million at

April 30, 2018

on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets), and as such, have been reflected as a reduction to the gross contract amount in arriving at the principal balance in finance receivables

.

An account is considered delinquent when the customer is

one

day or more behind on their contractual payments. While the Company does

not

formally place contracts on nonaccrual status, the immaterial amount of interest that

may

accrue after an account becomes delinquent up until the point of resolution via repossession or write-off is reserved for against the accrued interest on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Delinquent contracts are addressed and either made current by the customer, which is the case in most situations, or the vehicle is repossessed or written off if the collateral cannot be recovered quickly. Customer payments are set to match their payday with approximately

75%

of payments due on either a weekly or bi-weekly basis. The frequency of the payment due dates combined with the declining value of collateral lead to prompt resolutions on problem accounts. At

July 31, 2018,

3.5%

of the Company’s finance receivable balances were

30

days or more past due, compared to

4.6%

at

July 31, 2017.

Substantially all of the Company’s automobile contracts involve contracts made to individuals with impaired or limited credit histories or higher debt-to-income ratios than permitted by traditional lenders. Contracts made with buyers who are restricted in their ability to obtain financing from traditional lenders generally entail a higher risk of delinquency, default and repossession, and higher losses than contracts made with buyers with better credit.

The Company strives to keep its delinquency percentages low, and

not

to repossess vehicles. Accounts

three

days late are contacted by telephone. Notes from each telephone contact are electronically maintained in the Company’s computer system. In

May 2017,

the Company began implementing text messaging notifications in a controlled rollout which allows customers to elect to receive a reminder on their due date and late notifications further into the delinquency. The Company attempts to resolve payment delinquencies amicably prior to repossessing a vehicle. If a customer becomes severely delinquent in his or her payments, and management determines that timely collection of future payments is

not

probable, the Company will take steps to repossess the vehicle.

Periodically, the Company enters into contract modifications with its customers to extend or modify the payment terms. The Company only enters into a contract modification or extension if it believes such action will increase the amount of monies the Company will ultimately realize on the customer’s account and will increase the likelihood of the customer being able to pay off the vehicle contract. At the time of modification, the Company expects to collect amounts due including accrued interest at the contractual interest rate for the period of delay.

No

other concessions are granted to customers, beyond the extension of additional time, at the time of modifications. Modifications are minor and are made for payday changes, minor vehicle repairs and other reasons. For those vehicles that are repossessed, the majority are returned or surrendered by the customer on a voluntary basis. Other repossessions are performed by Company personnel or

third

-party repossession agents. Depending on the condition of a repossessed vehicle, it is either resold on a retail basis through a Company dealership, or sold for cash on a wholesale basis primarily through physical or online auctions.

Accounts are charged-off after the expiration of a statutory notice period for repossessed accounts, or when management determines that the timely collection of future payments is

not

probable for accounts where the Company has been unable to repossess the vehicle. For accounts with respect to which the vehicle was repossessed, the fair value of the repossessed vehicle is charged as a reduction of the gross finance receivables balance charged-off. For the quarter ended

July 31, 2018,

on average, accounts were approximately

62

days past due at the time of charge-off. For previously charged-off accounts that are subsequently recovered, the amount of such recovery is credited to the allowance for credit losses.

The Company maintains an allowance for credit losses on an aggregate basis at a level it considers sufficient to cover estimated losses inherent in the portfolio at the balance sheet date in the collection of its finance receivables currently outstanding.  At

July 31, 2018,

the weighted average total contract term was

32.4

months with

23.5

months remaining. The reserve amount in the allowance for credit losses at

July 31, 2018,

$122.4

million, was

25%

of the principal balance in finance receivables of

$520.8

million, less unearned payment protection plan revenue of

$20.4

million and unearned service contract revenue of

$10.6

million.

The estimated reserve amount is the Company’s anticipated future net charge-offs for losses incurred through the balance sheet date. The allowance takes into account historical credit loss experience (both timing and severity of losses), with consideration given to recent credit loss trends and changes in contract characteristics (i.e., average amount financed, months outstanding at loss date, term and age of portfolio), delinquency levels, collateral values, economic conditions and underwriting and collection practices. The allowance for credit losses is reviewed at least quarterly by management with any changes reflected in current operations. The calculation of the allowance for credit losses uses the following primary factors:

· The number of units repossessed or charged-off as a percentage of total units financed over specific historical periods of time from one year to five years.

· The average net repossession and charge-off loss per unit during the last eighteen months segregated by the number of months since the contract origination date and adjusted for the expected future average net charge-off loss per unit.  About 50% of the charge-offs that will ultimately occur in the portfolio are expected to occur within 10 - 11 months following the balance sheet date.  The average age of an account at charge-off date for the eighteen -month period ended July 31, 2018 was 12 months.

· The timing of repossession and charge-off losses relative to the date of sale (i.e., how long it takes for a repossession or charge-off to occur) for repossessions and charge-offs occurring during the last eighteen months.

A point estimate is produced by this analysis which is then supplemented by any positive or negative subjective factors to arrive at an overall reserve amount that management considers to be a reasonable estimate of losses inherent in the portfolio at the balance sheet date that will be realized via actual charge-offs in the future. Although it is at least reasonably possible that events or circumstances could occur in the future that are

not

presently foreseen which could cause actual credit losses to be materially different from the recorded allowance for credit losses, the Company believes that it has given appropriate consideration to all relevant factors and has made reasonable assumptions in determining the allowance for credit losses. While challenging economic conditions can negatively impact credit losses, effective execution of internal policies and procedures within the collections area and the competitive environment on the funding side have historically had a more significant effect on collection results than macro-economic issues.

In most states, the Company offers retail customers who finance their vehicle the option of purchasing a payment protection plan product as an add-on to the installment sale contract. This product contractually obligates the Company to cancel the remaining principal outstanding for any contract where the retail customer has totaled the vehicle, as defined by the contract, or the vehicle has been stolen. The Company periodically evaluates anticipated losses to ensure that if anticipated losses exceed deferred payment protection plan revenues, an additional liability is recorded for such difference.

No

such liability was required at

July 31, 2018

or

April 30, 2018.

Inventory

Inventory consists of used vehicles and is valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value on a specific identification basis. Vehicle reconditioning costs are capitalized as a component of inventory. Repossessed vehicles and trade-in vehicles are recorded at fair value, which approximates wholesale value. The cost of used vehicles sold is determined using the specific identification method.

Goodwill

Goodwill reflects the excess of purchase price over the fair value of specifically identified net assets purchased. Goodwill and intangible assets deemed to have indefinite lives are

not

amortized but are subject to annual impairment tests at the Company’s year-end. The impairment tests are based on the comparison of the fair value of the reporting unit to the carrying value of such unit. There was

no

impairment of goodwill during fiscal

2018,

and to date, there has been

no

impairment during fiscal

2019.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost. Expenditures for additions, remodels, and improvements are capitalized. Costs of repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the estimated life of the improvement or the lease period. The lease period includes the primary lease term plus any extensions that are reasonably assured. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method, generally over the following estimated useful lives:

Furniture, fixtures and equipment (years)	3	to	7
Leasehold improvements (years)	5	to	15
Buildings and improvements (years)	18	to	39

Property and equipment are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset

may

not

be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to future undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying values of the impaired assets exceed the fair value of such assets. Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell.

Cash Overdraft

As checks are presented for payment from the Company’s primary disbursement bank account, monies are automatically drawn against cash collections for the day and, if necessary, are drawn against

one

of the revolving credit facilities. Any cash overdraft balance principally represents outstanding checks that as of the balance sheet date had

not

yet been presented for payment, net of any deposits in transit. Any cash overdraft balance is reflected in accrued liabilities on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Deferred Sales Tax

Deferred sales tax represents a sales tax liability of the Company for vehicles sold on an installment basis in the states of Alabama and Texas. Under Alabama and Texas law for vehicles sold on an installment basis, the related sales tax is due as the payments are collected from the customer, rather than at the time of sale. Deferred sales tax liabilities are reflected in accrued liabilities on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Income Taxes

Income taxes are accounted for under the liability method. Under this method, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities, and are measured using the enacted tax rates expected to apply in the years in which these differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The quarterly provision for income taxes is determined using an estimated annual effective tax rate, which is based on expected annual taxable income, statutory tax rates and the Company’s best estimate of nontaxable and nondeductible items of income and expense. The effective income tax rates were

17.1%

and

35.8%

for the

three

months ended

July 31, 2018

and

July 31, 2017,

respectively. Total income tax expense for the

three

months ended

July 31, 2018

differed from amounts computed by applying the United States federal statutory tax rates to pre-tax income primarily due to state income taxes and the impact of permanent differences between book and taxable income. The Company recorded a discrete income tax benefit of approximately

$943,000

and

$172,000

for the

three

months ended

July 31, 2018

and

July 31, 2017,

respectively, related to excess tax benefits on share based compensation, which is recorded in the income tax provision pursuant to ASU

2016

-

09,

which was adopted on

May 1, 2017.

On

December 22, 2017,

President Trump signed into law the "Tax Cuts and Jobs Act" (the "Tax Act"). The Tax Act includes significant changes to the U.S. tax code that affected our fiscal year ending

April 30, 2018,

and future periods. Changes in the tax laws from the Tax Act had a material impact on our financial statements in fiscal

2018.

Under generally accepted accounting principles, ("U.S. GAAP") specifically ASC Topic

740,

Income Taxes, the tax effects of changes in tax laws must be recognized in the period in which the law is enacted, or

December 22, 2017,

for the Tax Act. ASC

740

also requires deferred tax assets and liabilities to be measured at the enacted tax rate expected to apply when temporary differences are to be realized or settled. Thus, at the date of enactment, the Company’s deferred taxes were re-measured based upon the new tax rates. The change in deferred taxes was recorded as an adjustment to our deferred tax provision. The Tax Act reduced the corporate tax rate from

35%

to

21%,

effective

January 1, 2018.

This resulted in a blended federal corporate tax rate of approximately

30.4%

in fiscal year

2018

and will result in a federal corporate tax rate of

21%

thereafter. In the

third

quarter of fiscal

2018,

we recorded a discrete net deferred income tax benefit of

$8.1

million with a corresponding provisional reduction to our net deferred income tax liability.

Occasionally, the Company is audited by taxing authorities. These audits could result in proposed assessments of additional taxes. The Company believes that its tax positions comply in all material respects with applicable tax law. However, tax law is subject to interpretation, and interpretations by taxing authorities could be different from those of the Company, which could result in the imposition of additional taxes.

The Company recognizes the financial statement benefit of a tax position only after determining that the relevant tax authority would more likely than

not

sustain the position following an audit. For tax positions meeting the more-likely-than-

not

threshold, the amount recognized in the financial statements is the largest benefit that has a greater than

50

percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the relevant tax authority. The Company applies this methodology to all tax positions for which the statute of limitations remains open.

The Company is subject to income taxes in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and various state jurisdictions. Tax regulations within each jurisdiction are subject to the interpretation of the related tax laws and regulations and require significant judgment to apply. With few exceptions, the Company is

no

longer subject to U.S. federal, state and local income tax examinations by tax authorities for the years before fiscal

2015.

The Company’s policy is to recognize accrued interest related to unrecognized tax benefits in interest expense and penalties in operating expenses. The Company had

no

accrued penalties or interest as of

July 31, 2018

or

April 30, 2018.

Revenue Recognition

Revenues are generated principally from the sale of used vehicles, which in most cases includes a service contract and a payment protection plan product, interest income and late fees earned on finance receivables. Revenues are net of taxes collected from customers and remitted to government agencies. Cost of vehicle sales include costs incurred by the Company to prepare the vehicle for sale including license and title costs, gasoline, transport services, and repairs.

Revenues from the sale of used vehicles are recognized when the sales contract is signed, the customer has taken possession of the vehicle and, if applicable, financing has been approved. Revenues from the sale of vehicles sold at wholesale are recognized at the time the proceeds are received. Revenues from the sale of service contracts are recognized ratably over the expected duration of the product. Service contract revenues are included in sales and the related expenses are included in cost of sales. Payment protection plan revenues are initially deferred and then recognized to income using the “Rule of

78’s”

interest method over the life of the contract so that revenues are recognized in proportion to the amount of cancellation protection provided. Payment protection plan revenues are included in sales and related losses are included in cost of sales as incurred. Interest income is recognized on all active finance receivables accounts using the simple effective interest method. Active accounts include all accounts except those that have been paid-off or charged-off.

Sales consist of the following:

	Three Months Ended July 31,
(In thousands)	2018		2017
Sales – used autos	$	125,224	$	111,113
Wholesales – third party		6,052		5,337
Service contract sales		7,328		6,904
Payment protection plan revenue		5,497		4,920
Total	$	144,101	$	128,274

At

July 31, 2018

and

2017,

finance receivables more than

90

days past due were approximately

$1.6

million and

$2.0

million, respectively. Late fee revenues totaled approximately

$446,000

and

$449,000

for the

three

months ended

July 31, 2018

and

2017,

respectively. Late fees are recognized when collected and are reflected in interest and other income on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Earnings per Share

Basic earnings per share are computed by dividing net income attributable to common stockholders by the average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share are computed by dividing net income attributable to common stockholders by the average number of common shares outstanding during the period plus dilutive common stock equivalents. The calculation of diluted earnings per share takes into consideration the potentially dilutive effect of common stock equivalents, such as outstanding stock options and non-vested restricted stock, which if exercised or converted into common stock would then share in the earnings of the Company. In computing diluted earnings per share, the Company utilizes the treasury stock method and anti-dilutive securities are excluded.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company recognizes the cost of employee services received in exchange for awards of equity instruments, such as stock options and restricted stock, based on the fair value of those awards at the date of grant over the requisite service period. The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the fair value of stock option awards. The Company

may

issue either new shares or treasury shares upon exercise of these awards. Stock-based compensation plans, related expenses, and assumptions used in the Black-Scholes option pricing model are more fully described in Note I. If an award contains a performance condition, expense is recognized only for those shares for which it is considered reasonably probable as of the current period end that the performance condition will be met. In

March 2016,

the FASB issued ASU

2016

-

09,

Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting

, to simplify the accounting for share-based payment transactions. The Company adopted the guidance prospectively on

May 1, 2017.

The Company recorded a discrete income tax benefit of approximately

$943,000

and

$172,000

for the

three

months ended

July 31, 2018

and

July 31, 2017,

respectively. In connection with the adoption, we elected to account for forfeitures as they occur; previously, we were required to record stock compensation expense based on awards that were expected to vest, which had required us to apply an estimated forfeiture rate. The differential between the amount of compensation previously recorded and the amount that would have been recorded, if we did

not

assume a forfeiture rate, was

not

material to our consolidated financial statements. Also, in connection with the adoption, the Company now records any excess tax benefits or deficiencies from its equity awards in its Consolidated Statements of Operations in the reporting period in which the exercise occurs. As a result, going forward, the Company’s income tax expenses and associated effective tax rate will be impacted by fluctuations in stock price between the grant dates and exercise dates of equity awards.

Treasury Stock

The Company purchased

115,999

shares of its common stock to be held as treasury stock for a total cost of

$7.4

million during the

first

three

months of fiscal

2019

and

102,843

shares for a total cost of

$3.7

million during the

first

three

months of fiscal

2018.

Treasury stock

may

be used for issuances under the Company’s stock-based compensation plans or for other general corporate purposes. The Company has established

two

separate reserve accounts of

10,000

shares of treasury stock each to: i) secure outstanding service contracts issued in Iowa in accordance with the regulatory requirements of that state, and ii) for its subsidiary, ACM Insurance Company, in accordance with the requirements of the Arkansas Department of Insurance.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Occasionally, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the FASB or other standard setting bodies which the Company will adopt as of the specified effective date. Unless otherwise discussed, the Company believes the implementation of recently issued standards which are

not

yet effective will

not

have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements upon adoption.

Revenue Recognition

. In

May 2014,

the FASB issued ASU

2014

-

09,

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

(Topic

606

), which supersedes existing revenue recognition guidance. The new guidance in ASU

2014

-

09

is based on the principle that revenue is recognized to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. ASU

2014

-

09

also requires additional disclosure about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts, including significant judgments and changes in judgments and assets recognized from costs incurred to obtain or fulfill a contract. In

August 2015,

the FASB issued ASU

2015

-

14,

Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic

606

): Deferral of the Effective Date

, to provide entities with an additional year to implement ASU

2014

-

09.

As a result, the guidance in ASU

2014

-

09

is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after

December 15, 2017,

and interim reporting periods within those years, using

one

of

two

retrospective application methods. The Company adopted this standard for its fiscal year beginning

May 1, 2018

and applied the modified retrospective transition method. Adoption of this standard did

not

result in an adjustment to our revenue recognition. The Company’s evaluation process included, but was

not

limited to, identifying contracts within the scope of the guidance and reviewing and documenting its accounting for these contracts. The Company primarily sells products and recognizes revenue at the point of sale or delivery to customers, at which point the earnings process is deemed to be complete. The Company’s performance obligations are clearly identifiable, and management’s evaluation of the standard did

not

result in significant changes to the assessment of such performance obligations or the timing of the Company’s revenue recognition upon adoption of the new standard. The Company’s primary business processes are consistent with the principles contained in the ASU, and the Company’s evaluation of the standard did

not

result in significant changes to those processes or its internal controls or systems.

Statement of Cash Flows.

In

August 2016,

the FASB issued ASU

2016

-

15

—

Statement of Cash Flows

(Topic

230

). ASU

2016

-

15

aims to eliminate diversity in the practice of how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows.

The guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after

December 15, 2017

and interim periods within those years

.

The Company adopted this standard for its fiscal year beginning

May 1, 2018,

and it did

not

have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

Income Taxes.

In

October 2016,

the FASB issued ASU

2016

-

16,

Income Taxes

(Topic

740

). ASU

2016

-

16

requires companies to recognize the income tax effects of intercompany sales and transfers of assets, other than inventory, in the period in which the transfer occurs. The guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after

December 15, 2017

and interim periods within those years. The Company adopted this standard for its fiscal year beginning

May 1, 2018,

and it did

not

have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

Leases

. In

February 2016,

the FASB issued ASU

2016

-

02,

Leases

. The new guidance requires that lessees recognize all leases, including operating leases, with a term greater than

12

months on-balance sheet and also requires disclosure of key information about leasing transactions. The guidance in ASU

2016

-

02

is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after

December 15, 2018,

and interim reporting periods within those years. The Company is currently evaluating the potential effects of the adoption of this guidance on the consolidated financial statements.

Credit Losses

. In

June 2016,

the FASB issued ASU

2016

-

13,

Financial Instruments

—

Credit Losses

(Topic

326

). ASU

2016

-

13

requires financial assets such as loans to be presented net of an allowance for credit losses that reduces the cost basis to the amount expected to be collected over the estimated life. Expected credit losses will be measured based on historical experience and current conditions, as well as forecasts of future conditions that affect the collectability of the reported amount. ASU

2016

-

13

is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after

December 15, 2019,

and interim reporting periods within those years using a modified retrospective approach. The Company is currently evaluating the potential effects of the adoption of this guidance on the consolidated financial statements, but does

not

expect such impact to be material.

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Note C - Finance Receivables, Net

3 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2018

Notes to Financial Statements

Financing Receivables [Text Block]

C – Finance Receivables, Net

The Company originates installment sale contracts from the sale of used vehicles at its dealerships. These installment sale contracts, which carry an interest rate of

15%

or

16.5%

per annum (based on the Company’s contract interest rate as of the contract origination date), are collateralized by the vehicle sold and typically provide for payments over periods ranging from

18

to

42

months. The weighted average interest rate for the portfolio was approximately

16.3%

at

July 31, 2018.

The Company’s finance receivables are defined as

one

segment and

one

class of loans in sub-prime consumer automobile contracts. The level of risks inherent in the Company’s financing receivables is managed as

one

homogeneous pool.

The components of finance receivables are as follows:

(In thousands)	July 31, 2018			April 30, 2018
Gross contract amount	$	606,396		$	584,682
Less unearned finance charges		(85,576	)		(83,244	)
Principal balance		520,820			501,438
Less allowance for credit losses		(122,447	)		(117,821	)
Finance receivables, net	$	398,373		$	383,617

Changes in the finance receivables, net are as follows:

	Three Months Ended July 31,
(In thousands)	2018			2017
Balance at beginning of period	$	383,617		$	357,161
Finance receivable originations		134,261			118,953
Finance receivable collections		(66,740	)		(58,934	)
Provision for credit losses		(37,543	)		(34,160	)
Losses on claims for payment protection plan		(4,069	)		(3,938	)
Inventory acquired in repossession and payment protection plan claims		(11,153	)		(9,096	)
Balance at end of period	$	398,373		$	369,986

Changes in the finance receivables allowance for credit losses are as follows:

	Three Months Ended July 31,
(In thousands)	2018			2017
Balance at beginning of period	$	117,821		$	109,693
Provision for credit losses		37,543			34,160
Charge-offs, net of recovered collateral		(32,917	)		(30,120	)
Balance at end of period	$	122,447		$	113,733

The factors which influenced management’s judgment in determining the amount of the current period provision for credit losses are described below.

The level of charge-offs, net of recovered collateral, is the most important factor in determining the provision for credit losses. This is due to the fact that once a contract becomes delinquent the account is either made current by the customer, the vehicle is repossessed or the account is written off if the collateral cannot be recovered. Net charge-offs as a percentage of average finance receivables remained consistent at

6.4%

for the

three

months ended

July 31, 2018

and the same period in the prior year.

Collections and delinquency levels can have a significant effect on additions to the allowance and are reviewed frequently. Collections as a percentage of average finance receivables were

13.1%

for the

three

months ended

July 31, 2018

compared to

12.4%

for the same period in the prior year. The increase in collections as a percentage of average finance receivables resulted primarily from improved efforts in the collections process. Delinquencies greater than

30

days were

3.5%

for

July 31, 2018

and

4.6%

at

July 31, 2017.

Macro-economic factors, the competitive environment on the funding side, and more importantly, proper execution of operational policies and procedures have a significant effect on additions to the allowance charged to the provision. Higher unemployment levels, higher gasoline prices and higher prices for staple items can potentially have a significant effect. The Company continues to focus on operational improvements within the collections area.

Credit quality information for finance receivables is as follows:

(Dollars in thousands)	July 31, 2018					April 30, 2018					July 31, 2017
	Principal Balance		Percent of Portfolio			Principal Balance		Percent of Portfolio			Principal Balance		Percent of Portfolio
Current	$	408,354		78.40	%	$	424,511		84.67	%	$	390,879		80.81	%
3 - 29 days past due		94,042		18.06	%		59,544		11.87	%		70,406		14.55	%
30 - 60 days past due		14,377		2.76	%		12,448		2.48	%		17,328		3.58	%
61 - 90 days past due		2,493		0.48	%		3,331		0.66	%		3,078		0.64	%
> 90 days past due		1,554		0.30	%		1,604		0.32	%		2,028		0.42	%
Total	$	520,820		100.00	%	$	501,438		100.00	%	$	483,719		100.00	%

Accounts

one

and

two

days past due are considered current for this analysis, due to the varying payment dates and variation in the day of the week at each period end. Delinquencies

may

vary from period to period based on the average age of the portfolio, seasonality within the calendar year, the day of the week and overall economic factors. The higher balance in the

3

–

29

days past due category for

July 31, 2018

is primarily due to the month ending on a Tuesday, compared to Monday for

April 30, 2018

and

July 31, 2017,

as payments are typically made on Fridays and Saturdays. The above categories are consistent with internal operational measures used by the Company to monitor credit results.

Substantially all of the Company’s automobile contracts involve contracts made to individuals with impaired or limited credit histories, or higher debt-to-income ratios than permitted by traditional lenders; such contracts generally entail a higher risk of delinquency, default, repossession, and losses than contracts made with buyers with better credit. The Company monitors contract term length, down payment percentages, and collections as credit quality indicators.

	Three Months Ended July 31,
	2018			2017
Principal collected as a percent of average finance receivables		13.1	%		12.4	%
Average down-payment percentage		6.1	%		6.2	%
Average originating contract term (in months )		29.7			29.8

	July 31, 2018		July 31, 2017
Portfolio weighted average contract term, including modifications (in months )		32.4		32.6

The increase in collections as a percentage of average finance receivables resulted primarily from improved efforts in the collections process. The contract term decreased slightly in spite of the increased average selling price, as we work to improve our underwriting and at the same time keep payments affordable, for competitive reasons and to continue to work with our customers when they experience financial difficulties. As the average selling price increases and in order to remain competitive, term lengths

may

increase.

XML

Note D - Property and Equipment

3 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2018

Notes to Financial Statements

Property, Plant and Equipment Disclosure [Text Block]

D – Property and Equipment

A summary of property and equipment is as follows:

(In thousands)	July 31, 2018			April 30, 2018
Land	$	6,402		$	6,402
Buildings and improvements		11,594			11,569
Furniture, fixtures and equipment		13,134			12,874
Leasehold improvements		24,834			24,567
Construction in progress		1,392			1,259
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization		(29,062	)		(28,077	)
Total	$	28,294		$	28,594

XML

Note E - Accrued Liabilities

3 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2018

Notes to Financial Statements

Other Liabilities Disclosure [Text Block]

E – Accrued Liabilities

A summary of accrued liabilities is as follows:

(In thousands)	July 31, 2018		April 30, 2018
Employee compensation	$	7,382	$	6,539
Cash overdrafts (see Note B)		2,542		506
Deferred sales tax (see Note B)		3,588		3,270
Reserve for PPP claims		2,116		2,101
Interest		602		-
Other		4,009		3,544
Total	$	20,239	$	15,960

XML

Note F - Debt Facilities

3 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2018

Notes to Financial Statements

Debt Disclosure [Text Block]

F – Debt Facilities

A summary of debt facilities is as follows:

(In thousands)	July 31, 2018			April 30, 2018
Revolving lines of credit	$	154,173		$	151,380
Notes payable		278			305
Capital lease		1,050			1,117
Debt issuance costs		(366	)		(435	)
Debt facilities	$	155,135		$	152,367

On

December 12, 2016,

the Company entered into a Second Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement (the “Agreement”) which amended and restated the Company’s credit facilities. The Agreement extended the terms of the Credit Facilities to

December 12, 2019,

reduced the pricing tiers for determining the applicable interest rate from

four

to three, and reset the aggregate limit on the repurchase of Company stock to

$40

million beginning

December 12, 2016.

The Agreement also increased the total revolving credit facilities from

$172.5

million to

$200

million, provided the option to request revolver commitment increases for up to an additional

$50

million and increased the advance rate on accounts receivable with

37

-

42

month terms from

50%

to

55%,

and the advance rate on accounts receivable with

43

-

60

month terms from

45%

to

50%.

On

October 25, 2017,

the Company entered into Amendment

No.

1

(the “Amendment”) to the Agreement. The Amendment, among other things, (i) increased the aggregate limit on repurchases beginning with the effective date of the Amendment to

$50

million, net of proceeds received from the exercise of stock options, plus for a period of

six

months after

October 25, 2017,

the amount of repurchases available to the Company immediately prior to the effective date of the Amendment (net of proceeds received from exercise of stock options), and (ii) reduced the upper threshold to

20%

from

25%

for minimum net availability of the borrowing base for financial covenant testing and limitations on distributions. The Amendment also provides for a

0.025%

decrease in the

second

pricing tier and a

0.125%

decrease in the

third

pricing tier for determining the applicable interest rate. The Amendment also added a

fourth

pricing tier at LIBOR plus

2.875%,

based on the Company’s consolidated leverage ratio if greater than

1.75:1.00

for the preceding fiscal quarter. The Amendment did

not

change the

first

pricing tier. Pricing tiers are based on the Company’s consolidated leverage ratio for the preceding fiscal quarter.

The revolving credit facilities are collateralized primarily by finance receivables and inventory, are cross collateralized and contain a guarantee by the Company. Interest is payable monthly under the revolving credit facilities. The credit facilities provide for

four

pricing tiers for determining the applicable interest rate, based on the Company’s consolidated leverage ratio for the preceding fiscal quarter. The current applicable interest rate under the Credit Facilities is generally LIBOR plus

2.35%,

or

4.43%

at

July 31, 2018

and

4.25%

at

April 30, 2018.

The credit facilities contain various reporting and performance covenants including (i) maintenance of certain financial ratios and tests, (ii) limitations on borrowings from other sources, (iii) restrictions on certain operating activities and (iv) restrictions on the payment of dividends or distributions.

The distribution limitations under the credit facilities allow the Company to repurchase shares of its common stock up to certain limits. Under the current limits, the aggregate amount of repurchases after

October 25, 2017

cannot exceed the greater of: (a)

$50

million, net of proceeds received from the exercise of stock options (plus any repurchases made during the

first

six

months after

October 25, 2017,

in an aggregate amount up to the remaining availability under the

$40

million repurchase limit in effect immediately prior to

October 25, 2017,

net of proceeds received from the exercise of stock options), provided that the sum of the borrowing bases combined minus the principal balances of all revolver loans after giving effect to such repurchases is equal to or greater than

20%

of the sum of the borrowing bases; or (b)

75%

of the consolidated net income of the Company measured on a trailing

twelve

month basis. In addition, immediately before and after giving effect to the Company’s stock repurchases, at least

12.5%

of the aggregate funds committed under the credit facilities must remain available.

The Company was in compliance with the covenants at

July 31, 2018.

The amount available to be drawn under the credit facilities is a function of eligible finance receivables and inventory; based upon eligible finance receivables and inventory at

July 31, 2018,

the Company had additional availability of approximately

$44

million under the revolving credit facilities.

The Company recognized approximately

$69,000

and

$59,000

of amortization for the

three

months ended

July 31, 2018

and

2017,

respectively, related to debt issuance costs. The amortization is reflected as interest expense in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

During the

first

three

months of fiscal

2019,

the Company did

not

incur any debt issuance costs related to the Agreement. During fiscal

2018,

the Company incurred approximately

$103,000

in debt issuance costs related to the Agreement. Debt issuance costs of approximately

$366,000

and

$435,000

as of

July 31, 2018

and

April 30, 2018,

respectively, are shown as a deduction from the debt facilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

On

December 15, 2015,

the Company entered into an agreement to purchase the property on which

one

of its dealerships is located for a purchase price of

$550,000.

Under the agreement, the purchase price is being paid in monthly principal and interest installments of

$10,005.

The debt matures in

December 2020,

bears interest at a rate of

3.50%

and is secured by the property. The balance on this note payable was approximately

$278,000

and

$305,000

as of

July 31, 2018

and

April 30, 2018,

respectively.

On

March 29, 2018,

the Company entered into a lease classified as a capital lease. The present value of the minimum lease payments was approximately

$1.1

million as of

July 31, 2018

and

April 30, 2018,

which is included in Debt facilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The leased equipment is amortized on a straight-line basis over

three

years. As of

July 31, 2018

and

April 30, 2018,

there was approximately

$54,000

and

$14,000,

respectively, in accumulated depreciation related to the leased equipment.

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Note G - Fair Value Measurements

3 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2018

Notes to Financial Statements

Fair Value Disclosures [Text Block]

G – Fair Value Measurements

The table below summarizes information about the fair value of financial instruments included in the Company’s financial statements at

July 31, 2018

and

April 30, 2018:

	July 31, 2018				April 30, 2018
(In thousands)	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value
Cash	$	841	$	841	$	1,022	$	1,022
Finance receivables, net		398,373		320,304		383,617		308,384
Accounts payable		14,398		14,398		13,609		13,609
Debt facilities		155,135		155,135		152,367		152,367

Because

no

market exists for certain of the Company’s financial instruments, fair value estimates are based on judgments and estimates regarding yield expectations of investors, credit risk and other risk characteristics, including interest rate and prepayment risk. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of judgment and therefore cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect these estimates. The methodology and assumptions utilized to estimate the fair value of the Company’s financial instruments are as follows:

Financial Instrument	Valuation Methodology
Cash	The carrying amount is considered to be a reasonable estimate of fair value due to the short-term nature of the financial instrument.
Finance receivables, net	The Company estimates the fair value of its receivables at what a third party purchaser might be willing to pay. The Company has had discussions with third parties and has bought and sold portfolios, and had a third party appraisal in November 2012 that indicated a range of 35% to 40% discount to face would be a reasonable fair value in a negotiated third party transaction.  The sale of finance receivables from Car-Mart of Arkansas to Colonial is made at a 38.5% discount.  For financial reporting purposes these sale transactions are eliminated. Since the Company does not intend to offer the receivables for sale to an outside third party, the expectation is that the net book value at July 31, 2018, will ultimately be collected. By collecting the accounts internally, the Company expects to realize more than a third party purchaser would expect to collect with a servicing requirement and a profit margin included.

Accounts payable	The carrying amount is considered to be a reasonable estimate of fair value due to the short-term nature of the financial instrument.
Debt facilities	The fair value approximates carrying value due to the variable interest rates charged on the revolving credit facilities, which reprice frequently.

XML

Note H - Weighted Average Shares Outstanding

3 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2018

Notes to Financial Statements

Weighted Average Shares Outstanding [Text Block]

H – Weighted Average Shares Outstanding

Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding used in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share were as

follows:

	Three Months Ended July 31,
	2018		2017
Weighted average shares outstanding-basic		6,924,035		7,548,846
Dilutive options and restricted stock		202,650		219,464
Weighted average shares outstanding-diluted		7,126,685		7,768,310
Antidilutive securities not included:
Options		120,000		337,750
Restricted stock		-		34,000

XML

Note I - Stock-based Compensation

3 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2018

Notes to Financial Statements

Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Text Block]

I – Stock-Based Compensation

The Company has stock-based compensation plans available to grant non-qualified stock options, incentive stock options and restricted stock to employees, directors and certain advisors of the Company. The stock-based compensation plans being utilized at

July 31, 2018

are the Amended and Restated Stock Option Plan and the Amended and Restated Stock Incentive Plan. The Company recorded total stock-based compensation expense for all plans of approximately

$1,094,000

(

$831,000

after tax effects) and

$626,000

(

$393,000

after tax effects) for the

three

months ended

July 31, 2018

and

2017,

respectively. Tax benefits were recognized for these costs at the Company’s overall effective tax rate, excluding discrete income tax benefits related to excess benefits on share-based compensation.

Stock Options

The Company has options outstanding under a stock option plan approved by the shareholders, the Amended and Restated Stock Option Plan. The shareholders of the Company approved the Amended and Restated Stock Option Plan (the “Restated Option Plan”) on

August 5, 2015,

which extended the term of the Restated Option Plan to

June 10, 2025

and increased the number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the plan to

1,800,000

shares. On

August 29, 2018,

the shareholders of the Company approved an amendment to the Restated Option Plan increasing the number of share of common stock reserved for issuance under the plan by an additional

200,000

shares to

2,000,000

shares. The Restated Option Plan provides for the grant of options to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock to employees, directors and certain advisors of the Company at a price

not

less than the fair market value of the stock on the date of grant and for periods

not

to exceed

ten

years. Options granted under the Company’s stock option plans expire in the calendar years

2018

through

2028.

	Restated Option Plan
Minimum exercise price as a percentage of fair market value at date of grant	100%
Last expiration date for outstanding options	May 8, 2028
Shares available for grant at July 31, 2018	98,500

The fair value of options granted is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model based on the assumptions in the table below.

	Three Months Ended July 31,
	2018			2017
Expected term (years)		5.5			5.5
Risk-free interest rate		2.78	%		1.81	%
Volatility		36	%		36	%
Dividend yield		-			-

The expected term of the options is based on evaluations of historical actual and future expected employee exercise behavior. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury rates at the date of grant with maturity dates approximately equal to the expected life at the grant date. Volatility is based on historical volatility of the Company’s common stock. The Company has

not

historically issued any dividends and does

not

expect to do so in the foreseeable future.

There were

145,000

options granted during the

three

months ended

July 31, 2018

and

25,000

options granted during the

three

months ended

July 31, 2017.

The grant-date fair value of options granted during the

three

months ended

July 31, 2018

and

2017

was

$3

million and

$336,000,

respectively. The options were granted at fair market value on the date of grant.

Stock option compensation expense was

$841,000

(

$639,000

after tax effects) and

$551,000

(

$345,000

after tax effects) for the

three

months ended

July 31, 2018

and

2017,

respectively. As of

July 31, 2018,

the Company had approximately

$3.8

million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested options that are expected to vest. These unvested outstanding options have a weighted-average remaining vesting period of

2.7

years.

In

May 2015,

key employees of the Company were granted

91,125

performance-based stock options with a

five

-year performance period ending

April 30, 2020.

An additional

40,000

such options were granted to key employees of the Company in

August 2015.

Tiered vesting of these units is based solely on comparing the Company’s net income over the specified performance period to net income at

April 30, 2015.

As of

July 31, 2018,

the Company had

$1

million in unrecognized compensation expense related to

61,000

of these options that are

not

currently expected to vest.

The Company had the following options exercised for the periods indicated. The impact of these cash receipts is included in financing activities in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

	Three Months Ended July 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2018		2017
Options exercised		162,250		35,250
Cash received from option exercises	$	3,259	$	543
Intrinsic value of options exercised	$	5,508	$	784

The aggregate intrinsic value of outstanding options at

July 31, 2018

and

2017

was

$13.5

million and

$9.5

million, respectively. As of

July 31, 2018,

there were

240,750

vested and exercisable stock options outstanding with an aggregate intrinsic value of

$7

million, a weighted average remaining contractual life of

3.89

years, and a weighted average exercise price of

$34.98.

Stock Incentive Plan

On

August 5, 2015,

the shareholders of the Company approved the Amended and Restated Stock Incentive Plan (the “Restated Incentive Plan”), which extended the term of the Company’s Stock Incentive Plan to

June 10, 2025.

On

August 29, 2018,

the shareholders of the Company approved an amendment to the Restated Stock Incentive Plan that increased the number of shares of common stock that

may

be issued under the Restated Incentive Plan by

100,000

shares to

450,000.

For shares issued under the Stock Incentive Plan, the associated compensation expense is generally recognized equally over the vesting periods established at the award date and is subject to the employee’s continued employment by the Company.

There were

3,000

restricted shares granted during the

three

months ended

July 31, 2018

and

34,500

restricted shares were granted during the

three

months ended

July 31, 2017.

A total of

6,027

shares remained available for award at

July 31, 2018.

There were

181,000

unvested restricted shares outstanding as of

July 31, 2018

with a weighted average grant date fair value of

$46.13.

As of

July 31, 2018,

the Company had approximately

$7.5

million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested awards granted under the Stock Incentive Plan, which the Company expects to recognize over a weighted-average remaining period of

7.9

years. The Company recorded compensation cost of approximately

$247,000

(

$188,000

after tax effects) and

$71,000

(

$45,000

after tax effects) related to the Restated Incentive Plan during the

three

months ended

July 31, 2018

and

2017,

respectively.

There were

no

modifications to any of the Company’s outstanding share-based payment awards during fiscal

2018

or during the

first

three

months of fiscal

2019.

XML

Note J - Commitments and Contingencies

3 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2018

Notes to Financial Statements

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Text Block]

J – Commitments and Contingencies

The Company has a standby letter of credit relating to an insurance policy totaling

$1

million at

July 31, 2019.

XML

Note K - Supplemental Cash Flow Information

3 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2018

Notes to Financial Statements

Cash Flow, Supplemental Disclosures [Text Block]

K - Supplemental Cash Flow Information

Supplemental cash flow disclosures are as follows:

	Three Months Ended July 31,
(in thousands)	2018			2017
Supplemental disclosures:
Interest paid	$	1,202		$	1,172
Income taxes paid (refunds received), net		(50	)		147
Non-cash transactions:
Inventory acquired in repossession and payment protection plan claims		11,153			9,096
Net settlement option exercises		1,417			-

XML

Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

3 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2018

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Consolidation, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Principles of Consolidation

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of America’s Car-Mart, Inc. and its subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

Segment Reporting, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Segment Information

Each dealership is an operating segment with its results regularly reviewed by the Company’s chief operating decision maker in an effort to make decisions about resources to be allocated to the segment and to assess its performance. Individual dealerships meet the aggregation criteria for reporting purposes under the current accounting guidance. The Company operates in the Integrated Auto Sales and Finance segment of the used car market, also referred to as the Integrated Auto Sales and Finance industry. In this industry, the nature of the sale and the financing of the transaction, financing processes, the type of customer and the methods used to distribute the Company’s products and services, including the actual servicing of the contracts as well as the regulatory environment in which the Company operates, all have similar characteristics. Each of our individual dealerships are similar in nature and only engages in the selling and financing of used vehicles. All individual dealerships have similar operating characteristics. As such, individual dealerships have been aggregated into

one

reportable segment.

Use of Estimates, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates include, but are

not

limited to, the Company’s allowance for credit losses.

Concentration Risk, Credit Risk, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Concentration of Risk

The Company provides financing in connection with the sale of substantially all of its vehicles. These sales are made primarily to customers residing in Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, Missouri, Oklahoma, Tennessee, and Texas, with approximately

29%

of current period revenues resulting from sales to Arkansas customers.

Periodically, the Company maintains cash in financial institutions in excess of the amounts insured by the federal government. The Company’s revolving credit facilities mature in

December 2019.

Line of Credit Facility, Dividend Restrictions [Policy Text Block]

Restrictions on Distributions/Dividends

The Company’s revolving credit facilities generally restrict distributions by the Company to its shareholders. The distribution limitations under the credit facilities allow the Company to repurchase shares of its common stock up to certain limits. Under the current limits, the aggregate amount of repurchases after

October 25, 2017

cannot exceed the greater of: (a)

$50

million, net of proceeds received from the exercise of stock options (plus any repurchases made during the

first

six

months after

October 25, 2017,

in an aggregate amount up to the remaining availability under the

$40

million repurchase limit in effect immediately prior to

October 25, 2017,

net of proceeds received from the exercise of stock options), provided that the sum of the borrowing bases combined minus the principal balances of all revolver loans after giving effect to such repurchases is equal to or greater than

20%

of the sum of the borrowing bases; or (b)

75%

of the consolidated net income of the Company measured on a trailing

twelve

month basis. In addition, immediately before and after giving effect to the Company’s stock repurchases, at least

12.5%

of the aggregate funds committed under the credit facilities must remain available. Thus, the Company is limited in its ability to pay dividends or make other distributions to its shareholders without the consent of the Company’s lenders.

Cash and Cash Equivalents, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid debt instruments purchased with original maturities of

three

months or less to be cash equivalents.

Finance, Loans and Leases Receivable, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Finance Receivables, Repossessions and Charge-offs and Allowance for Credit Losses

The Company originates installment sale contracts from the sale of used vehicles at its dealerships. These installment sale contracts carry an average interest rate of approximately

16.3%

using the simple effective interest method including any deferred fees. In

May 2016,

the Company increased its retail installment sales contract interest rate from

15.0%

to

16.5%

in response to continued high levels of credit losses. Contract origination costs are

not

significant. The installment sale contracts are

not

pre-computed contracts whereby borrowers are obligated to pay back principal plus the full amount of interest that will accrue over the entire term of the contract. Finance receivables are collateralized by vehicles sold and consist of contractually scheduled payments from installment contracts net of unearned finance charges and an allowance for credit losses. Unearned finance charges represent the balance of interest receivable to be earned over the entire term of the related installment contract, less the earned amount (

$2.3

million at

July 31, 2018

and

$2.2

million at

April 30, 2018

on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets), and as such, have been reflected as a reduction to the gross contract amount in arriving at the principal balance in finance receivables

.

An account is considered delinquent when the customer is

one

day or more behind on their contractual payments. While the Company does

not

formally place contracts on nonaccrual status, the immaterial amount of interest that

may

accrue after an account becomes delinquent up until the point of resolution via repossession or write-off is reserved for against the accrued interest on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Delinquent contracts are addressed and either made current by the customer, which is the case in most situations, or the vehicle is repossessed or written off if the collateral cannot be recovered quickly. Customer payments are set to match their payday with approximately

75%

of payments due on either a weekly or bi-weekly basis. The frequency of the payment due dates combined with the declining value of collateral lead to prompt resolutions on problem accounts. At

July 31, 2018,

3.5%

of the Company’s finance receivable balances were

30

days or more past due, compared to

4.6%

at

July 31, 2017.

Substantially all of the Company’s automobile contracts involve contracts made to individuals with impaired or limited credit histories or higher debt-to-income ratios than permitted by traditional lenders. Contracts made with buyers who are restricted in their ability to obtain financing from traditional lenders generally entail a higher risk of delinquency, default and repossession, and higher losses than contracts made with buyers with better credit.

The Company strives to keep its delinquency percentages low, and

not

to repossess vehicles. Accounts

three

days late are contacted by telephone. Notes from each telephone contact are electronically maintained in the Company’s computer system. In

May 2017,

the Company began implementing text messaging notifications in a controlled rollout which allows customers to elect to receive a reminder on their due date and late notifications further into the delinquency. The Company attempts to resolve payment delinquencies amicably prior to repossessing a vehicle. If a customer becomes severely delinquent in his or her payments, and management determines that timely collection of future payments is

not

probable, the Company will take steps to repossess the vehicle.

Periodically, the Company enters into contract modifications with its customers to extend or modify the payment terms. The Company only enters into a contract modification or extension if it believes such action will increase the amount of monies the Company will ultimately realize on the customer’s account and will increase the likelihood of the customer being able to pay off the vehicle contract. At the time of modification, the Company expects to collect amounts due including accrued interest at the contractual interest rate for the period of delay.

No

other concessions are granted to customers, beyond the extension of additional time, at the time of modifications. Modifications are minor and are made for payday changes, minor vehicle repairs and other reasons. For those vehicles that are repossessed, the majority are returned or surrendered by the customer on a voluntary basis. Other repossessions are performed by Company personnel or

third

-party repossession agents. Depending on the condition of a repossessed vehicle, it is either resold on a retail basis through a Company dealership, or sold for cash on a wholesale basis primarily through physical or online auctions.

Accounts are charged-off after the expiration of a statutory notice period for repossessed accounts, or when management determines that the timely collection of future payments is

not

probable for accounts where the Company has been unable to repossess the vehicle. For accounts with respect to which the vehicle was repossessed, the fair value of the repossessed vehicle is charged as a reduction of the gross finance receivables balance charged-off. For the quarter ended

July 31, 2018,

on average, accounts were approximately

62

days past due at the time of charge-off. For previously charged-off accounts that are subsequently recovered, the amount of such recovery is credited to the allowance for credit losses.

The Company maintains an allowance for credit losses on an aggregate basis at a level it considers sufficient to cover estimated losses inherent in the portfolio at the balance sheet date in the collection of its finance receivables currently outstanding.  At

July 31, 2018,

the weighted average total contract term was

32.4

months with

23.5

months remaining. The reserve amount in the allowance for credit losses at

July 31, 2018,

$122.4

million, was

25%

of the principal balance in finance receivables of

$520.8

million, less unearned payment protection plan revenue of

$20.4

million and unearned service contract revenue of

$10.6

million.

The estimated reserve amount is the Company’s anticipated future net charge-offs for losses incurred through the balance sheet date. The allowance takes into account historical credit loss experience (both timing and severity of losses), with consideration given to recent credit loss trends and changes in contract characteristics (i.e., average amount financed, months outstanding at loss date, term and age of portfolio), delinquency levels, collateral values, economic conditions and underwriting and collection practices. The allowance for credit losses is reviewed at least quarterly by management with any changes reflected in current operations. The calculation of the allowance for credit losses uses the following primary factors:

· The number of units repossessed or charged-off as a percentage of total units financed over specific historical periods of time from one year to five years.

· The average net repossession and charge-off loss per unit during the last eighteen months segregated by the number of months since the contract origination date and adjusted for the expected future average net charge-off loss per unit.  About 50% of the charge-offs that will ultimately occur in the portfolio are expected to occur within 10 - 11 months following the balance sheet date.  The average age of an account at charge-off date for the eighteen -month period ended July 31, 2018 was 12 months.

· The timing of repossession and charge-off losses relative to the date of sale (i.e., how long it takes for a repossession or charge-off to occur) for repossessions and charge-offs occurring during the last eighteen months.

A point estimate is produced by this analysis which is then supplemented by any positive or negative subjective factors to arrive at an overall reserve amount that management considers to be a reasonable estimate of losses inherent in the portfolio at the balance sheet date that will be realized via actual charge-offs in the future. Although it is at least reasonably possible that events or circumstances could occur in the future that are

not

presently foreseen which could cause actual credit losses to be materially different from the recorded allowance for credit losses, the Company believes that it has given appropriate consideration to all relevant factors and has made reasonable assumptions in determining the allowance for credit losses. While challenging economic conditions can negatively impact credit losses, effective execution of internal policies and procedures within the collections area and the competitive environment on the funding side have historically had a more significant effect on collection results than macro-economic issues.

In most states, the Company offers retail customers who finance their vehicle the option of purchasing a payment protection plan product as an add-on to the installment sale contract. This product contractually obligates the Company to cancel the remaining principal outstanding for any contract where the retail customer has totaled the vehicle, as defined by the contract, or the vehicle has been stolen. The Company periodically evaluates anticipated losses to ensure that if anticipated losses exceed deferred payment protection plan revenues, an additional liability is recorded for such difference.

No

such liability was required at

July 31, 2018

or

April 30, 2018.

Inventory, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Inventory

Inventory consists of used vehicles and is valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value on a specific identification basis. Vehicle reconditioning costs are capitalized as a component of inventory. Repossessed vehicles and trade-in vehicles are recorded at fair value, which approximates wholesale value. The cost of used vehicles sold is determined using the specific identification method.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Goodwill, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Goodwill

Goodwill reflects the excess of purchase price over the fair value of specifically identified net assets purchased. Goodwill and intangible assets deemed to have indefinite lives are

not

amortized but are subject to annual impairment tests at the Company’s year-end. The impairment tests are based on the comparison of the fair value of the reporting unit to the carrying value of such unit. There was

no

impairment of goodwill during fiscal

2018,

and to date, there has been

no

impairment during fiscal

2019.

Property, Plant and Equipment, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost. Expenditures for additions, remodels, and improvements are capitalized. Costs of repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the estimated life of the improvement or the lease period. The lease period includes the primary lease term plus any extensions that are reasonably assured. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method, generally over the following estimated useful lives:

Furniture, fixtures and equipment (years)	3	to	7
Leasehold improvements (years)	5	to	15
Buildings and improvements (years)	18	to	39

Property and equipment are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset

may

not

be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to future undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying values of the impaired assets exceed the fair value of such assets. Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell.

Cash Overdraft [Policy Text Block]

Cash Overdraft

As checks are presented for payment from the Company’s primary disbursement bank account, monies are automatically drawn against cash collections for the day and, if necessary, are drawn against

one

of the revolving credit facilities. Any cash overdraft balance principally represents outstanding checks that as of the balance sheet date had

not

yet been presented for payment, net of any deposits in transit. Any cash overdraft balance is reflected in accrued liabilities on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Deferred Sales Tax [Policy Text Block]

Deferred Sales Tax

Deferred sales tax represents a sales tax liability of the Company for vehicles sold on an installment basis in the states of Alabama and Texas. Under Alabama and Texas law for vehicles sold on an installment basis, the related sales tax is due as the payments are collected from the customer, rather than at the time of sale. Deferred sales tax liabilities are reflected in accrued liabilities on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Income Tax, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Income Taxes

Income taxes are accounted for under the liability method. Under this method, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities, and are measured using the enacted tax rates expected to apply in the years in which these differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The quarterly provision for income taxes is determined using an estimated annual effective tax rate, which is based on expected annual taxable income, statutory tax rates and the Company’s best estimate of nontaxable and nondeductible items of income and expense. The effective income tax rates were

17.1%

and

35.8%

for the

three

months ended

July 31, 2018

and

July 31, 2017,

respectively. Total income tax expense for the

three

months ended

July 31, 2018

differed from amounts computed by applying the United States federal statutory tax rates to pre-tax income primarily due to state income taxes and the impact of permanent differences between book and taxable income. The Company recorded a discrete income tax benefit of approximately

$943,000

and

$172,000

for the

three

months ended

July 31, 2018

and

July 31, 2017,

respectively, related to excess tax benefits on share based compensation, which is recorded in the income tax provision pursuant to ASU

2016

-

09,

which was adopted on

May 1, 2017.

On

December 22, 2017,

President Trump signed into law the "Tax Cuts and Jobs Act" (the "Tax Act"). The Tax Act includes significant changes to the U.S. tax code that affected our fiscal year ending

April 30, 2018,

and future periods. Changes in the tax laws from the Tax Act had a material impact on our financial statements in fiscal

2018.

Under generally accepted accounting principles, ("U.S. GAAP") specifically ASC Topic

740,

Income Taxes, the tax effects of changes in tax laws must be recognized in the period in which the law is enacted, or

December 22, 2017,

for the Tax Act. ASC

740

also requires deferred tax assets and liabilities to be measured at the enacted tax rate expected to apply when temporary differences are to be realized or settled. Thus, at the date of enactment, the Company’s deferred taxes were re-measured based upon the new tax rates. The change in deferred taxes was recorded as an adjustment to our deferred tax provision. The Tax Act reduced the corporate tax rate from

35%

to

21%,

effective

January 1, 2018.

This resulted in a blended federal corporate tax rate of approximately

30.4%

in fiscal year

2018

and will result in a federal corporate tax rate of

21%

thereafter. In the

third

quarter of fiscal

2018,

we recorded a discrete net deferred income tax benefit of

$8.1

million with a corresponding provisional reduction to our net deferred income tax liability.

Occasionally, the Company is audited by taxing authorities. These audits could result in proposed assessments of additional taxes. The Company believes that its tax positions comply in all material respects with applicable tax law. However, tax law is subject to interpretation, and interpretations by taxing authorities could be different from those of the Company, which could result in the imposition of additional taxes.

The Company recognizes the financial statement benefit of a tax position only after determining that the relevant tax authority would more likely than

not

sustain the position following an audit. For tax positions meeting the more-likely-than-

not

threshold, the amount recognized in the financial statements is the largest benefit that has a greater than

50

percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the relevant tax authority. The Company applies this methodology to all tax positions for which the statute of limitations remains open.

The Company is subject to income taxes in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and various state jurisdictions. Tax regulations within each jurisdiction are subject to the interpretation of the related tax laws and regulations and require significant judgment to apply. With few exceptions, the Company is

no

longer subject to U.S. federal, state and local income tax examinations by tax authorities for the years before fiscal

2015.

The Company’s policy is to recognize accrued interest related to unrecognized tax benefits in interest expense and penalties in operating expenses. The Company had

no

accrued penalties or interest as of

July 31, 2018

or

April 30, 2018.

Revenue Recognition, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Revenue Recognition

Revenues are generated principally from the sale of used vehicles, which in most cases includes a service contract and a payment protection plan product, interest income and late fees earned on finance receivables. Revenues are net of taxes collected from customers and remitted to government agencies. Cost of vehicle sales include costs incurred by the Company to prepare the vehicle for sale including license and title costs, gasoline, transport services, and repairs.

Revenues from the sale of used vehicles are recognized when the sales contract is signed, the customer has taken possession of the vehicle and, if applicable, financing has been approved. Revenues from the sale of vehicles sold at wholesale are recognized at the time the proceeds are received. Revenues from the sale of service contracts are recognized ratably over the expected duration of the product. Service contract revenues are included in sales and the related expenses are included in cost of sales. Payment protection plan revenues are initially deferred and then recognized to income using the “Rule of

78’s”

interest method over the life of the contract so that revenues are recognized in proportion to the amount of cancellation protection provided. Payment protection plan revenues are included in sales and related losses are included in cost of sales as incurred. Interest income is recognized on all active finance receivables accounts using the simple effective interest method. Active accounts include all accounts except those that have been paid-off or charged-off.

Sales consist of the following:

	Three Months Ended July 31,
(In thousands)	2018		2017
Sales – used autos	$	125,224	$	111,113
Wholesales – third party		6,052		5,337
Service contract sales		7,328		6,904
Payment protection plan revenue		5,497		4,920
Total	$	144,101	$	128,274

At

July 31, 2018

and

2017,

finance receivables more than

90

days past due were approximately

$1.6

million and

$2.0

million, respectively. Late fee revenues totaled approximately

$446,000

and

$449,000

for the

three

months ended

July 31, 2018

and

2017,

respectively. Late fees are recognized when collected and are reflected in interest and other income on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Earnings Per Share, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Earnings per Share

Basic earnings per share are computed by dividing net income attributable to common stockholders by the average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share are computed by dividing net income attributable to common stockholders by the average number of common shares outstanding during the period plus dilutive common stock equivalents. The calculation of diluted earnings per share takes into consideration the potentially dilutive effect of common stock equivalents, such as outstanding stock options and non-vested restricted stock, which if exercised or converted into common stock would then share in the earnings of the Company. In computing diluted earnings per share, the Company utilizes the treasury stock method and anti-dilutive securities are excluded.

Share-based Compensation, Option and Incentive Plans Policy [Policy Text Block]

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company recognizes the cost of employee services received in exchange for awards of equity instruments, such as stock options and restricted stock, based on the fair value of those awards at the date of grant over the requisite service period. The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the fair value of stock option awards. The Company

may

issue either new shares or treasury shares upon exercise of these awards. Stock-based compensation plans, related expenses, and assumptions used in the Black-Scholes option pricing model are more fully described in Note I. If an award contains a performance condition, expense is recognized only for those shares for which it is considered reasonably probable as of the current period end that the performance condition will be met. In

March 2016,

the FASB issued ASU

2016

-

09,

Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting

, to simplify the accounting for share-based payment transactions. The Company adopted the guidance prospectively on

May 1, 2017.

The Company recorded a discrete income tax benefit of approximately

$943,000

and

$172,000

for the

three

months ended

July 31, 2018

and

July 31, 2017,

respectively. In connection with the adoption, we elected to account for forfeitures as they occur; previously, we were required to record stock compensation expense based on awards that were expected to vest, which had required us to apply an estimated forfeiture rate. The differential between the amount of compensation previously recorded and the amount that would have been recorded, if we did

not

assume a forfeiture rate, was

not

material to our consolidated financial statements. Also, in connection with the adoption, the Company now records any excess tax benefits or deficiencies from its equity awards in its Consolidated Statements of Operations in the reporting period in which the exercise occurs. As a result, going forward, the Company’s income tax expenses and associated effective tax rate will be impacted by fluctuations in stock price between the grant dates and exercise dates of equity awards.

Treasury Stock [Policy Text Block]

Treasury Stock

The Company purchased

115,999

shares of its common stock to be held as treasury stock for a total cost of

$7.4

million during the

first

three

months of fiscal

2019

and

102,843

shares for a total cost of

$3.7

million during the

first

three

months of fiscal

2018.

Treasury stock

may

be used for issuances under the Company’s stock-based compensation plans or for other general corporate purposes. The Company has established

two

separate reserve accounts of

10,000

shares of treasury stock each to: i) secure outstanding service contracts issued in Iowa in accordance with the regulatory requirements of that state, and ii) for its subsidiary, ACM Insurance Company, in accordance with the requirements of the Arkansas Department of Insurance.

New Accounting Pronouncements, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Occasionally, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the FASB or other standard setting bodies which the Company will adopt as of the specified effective date. Unless otherwise discussed, the Company believes the implementation of recently issued standards which are

not

yet effective will

not

have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements upon adoption.

Revenue Recognition

. In

May 2014,

the FASB issued ASU

2014

-

09,

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

(Topic

606

), which supersedes existing revenue recognition guidance. The new guidance in ASU

2014

-

09

is based on the principle that revenue is recognized to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. ASU

2014

-

09

also requires additional disclosure about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts, including significant judgments and changes in judgments and assets recognized from costs incurred to obtain or fulfill a contract. In

August 2015,

the FASB issued ASU

2015

-

14,

Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic

606

): Deferral of the Effective Date

, to provide entities with an additional year to implement ASU

2014

-

09.

As a result, the guidance in ASU

2014

-

09

is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after

December 15, 2017,

and interim reporting periods within those years, using

one

of

two

retrospective application methods. The Company adopted this standard for its fiscal year beginning

May 1, 2018

and applied the modified retrospective transition method. Adoption of this standard did

not

result in an adjustment to our revenue recognition. The Company’s evaluation process included, but was

not

limited to, identifying contracts within the scope of the guidance and reviewing and documenting its accounting for these contracts. The Company primarily sells products and recognizes revenue at the point of sale or delivery to customers, at which point the earnings process is deemed to be complete. The Company’s performance obligations are clearly identifiable, and management’s evaluation of the standard did

not

result in significant changes to the assessment of such performance obligations or the timing of the Company’s revenue recognition upon adoption of the new standard. The Company’s primary business processes are consistent with the principles contained in the ASU, and the Company’s evaluation of the standard did

not

result in significant changes to those processes or its internal controls or systems.

Statement of Cash Flows.

In

August 2016,

the FASB issued ASU

2016

-

15

—

Statement of Cash Flows

(Topic

230

). ASU

2016

-

15

aims to eliminate diversity in the practice of how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows.

The guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after

December 15, 2017

and interim periods within those years

.

The Company adopted this standard for its fiscal year beginning

May 1, 2018,

and it did

not

have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

Income Taxes.

In

October 2016,

the FASB issued ASU

2016

-

16,

Income Taxes

(Topic

740

). ASU

2016

-

16

requires companies to recognize the income tax effects of intercompany sales and transfers of assets, other than inventory, in the period in which the transfer occurs. The guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after

December 15, 2017

and interim periods within those years. The Company adopted this standard for its fiscal year beginning

May 1, 2018,

and it did

not

have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

Leases

. In

February 2016,

the FASB issued ASU

2016

-

02,

Leases

. The new guidance requires that lessees recognize all leases, including operating leases, with a term greater than

12

months on-balance sheet and also requires disclosure of key information about leasing transactions. The guidance in ASU

2016

-

02

is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after

December 15, 2018,

and interim reporting periods within those years. The Company is currently evaluating the potential effects of the adoption of this guidance on the consolidated financial statements.

Credit Losses

. In

June 2016,

the FASB issued ASU

2016

-

13,

Financial Instruments

—

Credit Losses

(Topic

326

). ASU

2016

-

13

requires financial assets such as loans to be presented net of an allowance for credit losses that reduces the cost basis to the amount expected to be collected over the estimated life. Expected credit losses will be measured based on historical experience and current conditions, as well as forecasts of future conditions that affect the collectability of the reported amount. ASU

2016

-

13

is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after

December 15, 2019,

and interim reporting periods within those years using a modified retrospective approach. The Company is currently evaluating the potential effects of the adoption of this guidance on the consolidated financial statements, but does

not

expect such impact to be material.

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Note B - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2018

Notes Tables

Property, Plant, and Equipment Useful Life [Table Text Block]

Furniture, fixtures and equipment (years)	3	to	7
Leasehold improvements (years)	5	to	15
Buildings and improvements (years)	18	to	39

Revenue from External Customers by Products and Services [Table Text Block]

	Three Months Ended July 31,
(In thousands)	2018		2017
Sales – used autos	$	125,224	$	111,113
Wholesales – third party		6,052		5,337
Service contract sales		7,328		6,904
Payment protection plan revenue		5,497		4,920
Total	$	144,101	$	128,274

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Note C - Finance Receivables, Net (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2018

Notes Tables

Schedule of Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Table Text Block]

(In thousands)	July 31, 2018			April 30, 2018
Gross contract amount	$	606,396		$	584,682
Less unearned finance charges		(85,576	)		(83,244	)
Principal balance		520,820			501,438
Less allowance for credit losses		(122,447	)		(117,821	)
Finance receivables, net	$	398,373		$	383,617

Change In Finance Receivables Net [Table Text Block]

	Three Months Ended July 31,
(In thousands)	2018			2017
Balance at beginning of period	$	383,617		$	357,161
Finance receivable originations		134,261			118,953
Finance receivable collections		(66,740	)		(58,934	)
Provision for credit losses		(37,543	)		(34,160	)
Losses on claims for payment protection plan		(4,069	)		(3,938	)
Inventory acquired in repossession and payment protection plan claims		(11,153	)		(9,096	)
Balance at end of period	$	398,373		$	369,986

Allowance for Credit Losses on Financing Receivables [Table Text Block]

	Three Months Ended July 31,
(In thousands)	2018			2017
Balance at beginning of period	$	117,821		$	109,693
Provision for credit losses		37,543			34,160
Charge-offs, net of recovered collateral		(32,917	)		(30,120	)
Balance at end of period	$	122,447		$	113,733

Past Due Financing Receivables [Table Text Block]

(Dollars in thousands)	July 31, 2018					April 30, 2018					July 31, 2017
	Principal Balance		Percent of Portfolio			Principal Balance		Percent of Portfolio			Principal Balance		Percent of Portfolio
Current	$	408,354		78.40	%	$	424,511		84.67	%	$	390,879		80.81	%
3 - 29 days past due		94,042		18.06	%		59,544		11.87	%		70,406		14.55	%
30 - 60 days past due		14,377		2.76	%		12,448		2.48	%		17,328		3.58	%
61 - 90 days past due		2,493		0.48	%		3,331		0.66	%		3,078		0.64	%
> 90 days past due		1,554		0.30	%		1,604		0.32	%		2,028		0.42	%
Total	$	520,820		100.00	%	$	501,438		100.00	%	$	483,719		100.00	%

Financing Receivable Credit Quality Indicators [Table Text Block]

	Three Months Ended July 31,
	2018			2017
Principal collected as a percent of average finance receivables		13.1	%		12.4	%
Average down-payment percentage		6.1	%		6.2	%
Average originating contract term (in months )		29.7			29.8

Financing Receivable Contract Terms [Table Text Block]

	July 31, 2018		July 31, 2017
Portfolio weighted average contract term, including modifications (in months )		32.4		32.6

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Note D - Property and Equipment (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2018

Notes Tables

Property, Plant and Equipment [Table Text Block]

(In thousands)	July 31, 2018			April 30, 2018
Land	$	6,402		$	6,402
Buildings and improvements		11,594			11,569
Furniture, fixtures and equipment		13,134			12,874
Leasehold improvements		24,834			24,567
Construction in progress		1,392			1,259
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization		(29,062	)		(28,077	)
Total	$	28,294		$	28,594

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Note E - Accrued Liabilities (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2018

Notes Tables

Schedule of Accrued Liabilities [Table Text Block]

(In thousands)	July 31, 2018		April 30, 2018
Employee compensation	$	7,382	$	6,539
Cash overdrafts (see Note B)		2,542		506
Deferred sales tax (see Note B)		3,588		3,270
Reserve for PPP claims		2,116		2,101
Interest		602		-
Other		4,009		3,544
Total	$	20,239	$	15,960

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Note F - Debt Facilities (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2018

Notes Tables

Schedule of Long-term Debt Instruments [Table Text Block]

(In thousands)	July 31, 2018			April 30, 2018
Revolving lines of credit	$	154,173		$	151,380
Notes payable		278			305
Capital lease		1,050			1,117
Debt issuance costs		(366	)		(435	)
Debt facilities	$	155,135		$	152,367

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Note G - Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2018

Notes Tables

Fair Value, by Balance Sheet Grouping [Table Text Block]

	July 31, 2018				April 30, 2018
(In thousands)	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value
Cash	$	841	$	841	$	1,022	$	1,022
Finance receivables, net		398,373		320,304		383,617		308,384
Accounts payable		14,398		14,398		13,609		13,609
Debt facilities		155,135		155,135		152,367		152,367

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Note H - Weighted Average Shares Outstanding (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2018

Notes Tables

Schedule of Weighted Average Number of Shares [Table Text Block]

	Three Months Ended July 31,
	2018		2017
Weighted average shares outstanding-basic		6,924,035		7,548,846
Dilutive options and restricted stock		202,650		219,464
Weighted average shares outstanding-diluted		7,126,685		7,768,310
Antidilutive securities not included:
Options		120,000		337,750
Restricted stock		-		34,000

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Note I - Stock-based Compensation (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2018

Notes Tables

Stock Option Plan Comparison [Table Text Block]

	Restated Option Plan
Minimum exercise price as a percentage of fair market value at date of grant	100%
Last expiration date for outstanding options	May 8, 2028
Shares available for grant at July 31, 2018	98,500

Schedule of Share-based Payment Award, Stock Options, Valuation Assumptions [Table Text Block]

	Three Months Ended July 31,
	2018			2017
Expected term (years)		5.5			5.5
Risk-free interest rate		2.78	%		1.81	%
Volatility		36	%		36	%
Dividend yield		-			-

Schedule of Share-based Compensation, Stock Options, Exercises [Table Text Block]

	Three Months Ended July 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2018		2017
Options exercised		162,250		35,250
Cash received from option exercises	$	3,259	$	543
Intrinsic value of options exercised	$	5,508	$	784

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Note K - Supplemental Cash Flow Information (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2018

Notes Tables

Schedule of Cash Flow, Supplemental Disclosures [Table Text Block]

	Three Months Ended July 31,
(in thousands)	2018			2017
Supplemental disclosures:
Interest paid	$	1,202		$	1,172
Income taxes paid (refunds received), net		(50	)		147
Non-cash transactions:
Inventory acquired in repossession and payment protection plan claims		11,153			9,096
Net settlement option exercises		1,417			-

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Note A - Organization and Business (Details Textual)	3 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2018
Number of Operating Subsidiaries	2
Number of Stores	140

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Note B - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details Textual) - USD ($)				3 Months Ended			6 Months Ended	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended			15 Months Ended
	Oct. 25, 2017	May 31, 2016	May 30, 2016	Jul. 31, 2018	Jan. 31, 2018	Jul. 31, 2017	Oct. 24, 2017	Jul. 31, 2018	Apr. 30, 2019	Apr. 30, 2018	Apr. 30, 2017	Jul. 31, 2018
Number of Reportable Segments				1
Financing Receivable Interest Rate				16.30%
Interest Earned on Financing Receivables				$ 2,300,000						$ 2,200,000
Finance Receivables, Customer Payments Due Either Weekly or Bi-Weekly, Percentage				75.00%
Financing Receivable, Greater Than or Equal to 30 Days Past Due, Percent of Portfolio				3.50%		4.60%		3.50%				3.50%
Financing Receivable, Average Days Past Due At Charge Off				62 days
Financing Receivable, Weighted Average Total Contract Term				2 years 252 days
Financing Receivable, Remaining Contract Term				1 year 345 days
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Ending Balance				$ 122,447,000		$ 113,733,000		$ 122,447,000		117,821,000	$ 109,693,000	$ 122,447,000
Finance Receivables, Allowance, Percent of Principle Balance				25.00%				25.00%				25.00%
Finance Receivable Principal Balance				$ 520,820,000		$ 483,719,000		$ 520,820,000		501,438,000		$ 520,820,000
Percent of Chargeoffs in the First 10 to 11 Months of a Contract				50.00%				50.00%				50.00%
Average Age of Account at Charge-Off Date				1 year
Payment Protection Plan Liability, Anticipated Losses in Excess of Deferred Revenues				$ 0				$ 0		0		$ 0
Goodwill, Impairment Loss				$ 0						0
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Percent, Total				17.10%		35.80%
Tax Adjustments, Settlements, and Unusual Provisions				$ (943,000)	$ (8,100,000)	$ (172,000)
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, at Federal Statutory Income Tax Rate, Percent				30.40%							35.00%
Income Tax Expense (Benefit), Continuing Operations, Adjustment of Deferred Tax (Asset) Liability					$ (8,100,000)
Income Tax Examination, Penalties and Interest Accrued, Total				$ 0				0		0		0
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment Greater Than 90 Days Past Due				1,554,000		2,028,000		1,554,000		1,604,000		1,554,000
Late Fee Income Generated by Servicing Financial Assets, Amount				$ 446,000		$ 449,000
Stock Repurchased During Period, Shares				115,999		102,843
Stock Repurchased During Period, Value				$ 7,400,000		$ 3,700,000
Treasury Stock, Shares to Establish Reserve Account to Secure Service Contracts				10,000
Scenario, Forecast [Member]
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, at Federal Statutory Income Tax Rate, Percent									21.00%
Payment Protection Plan [Member]
Deferred Revenue				$ 20,429,000				20,429,000		19,823,000		20,429,000
Service Contract [Member]
Deferred Revenue				$ 10,605,000				10,605,000		$ 10,332,000		$ 10,605,000
Maximum [Member]
Financing Receivable Interest Rate		16.50%	15.00%	16.50%
Allowance for Credit Losses, Primary Factor Units Repossessed or Charged Off Evaluation Period				5 years
Minimum [Member]
Financing Receivable Interest Rate				15.00%
Allowance for Credit Losses, Primary Factor Units Repossessed or Charged Off Evaluation Period				1 year
Revolving Credit Facility [Member]
Line of Credit Facility, Distribution Limitations, Maximum Aggregate Amount of Stock Repurchases							$ 40,000,000	$ 50,000,000
Line of Credit Facility, Distribution Limitations Percentage of Sum of Borrowing Bases	20.00%						25.00%					20.00%
Line of Credit Facility, Distribution Limitations Percentage of Consolidated Net Income												75.00%
Line of Credit Facility Distribution Limitations Minimum Percentage of Aggregate Funds Available												12.50%
Customer Concentration Risk [Member] | Sales Revenue, Net [Member] | Arkansas, USA [Member]
Concentration Risk, Percentage				29.00%

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Note B - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Property and Equipment, Estimated Useful Lives (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2018
Furniture, Fixtures and Equipment [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Property, and equipment (Year)	3 years
Furniture, Fixtures and Equipment [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Property, and equipment (Year)	7 years
Leasehold Improvements [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Property, and equipment (Year)	5 years
Leasehold Improvements [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Property, and equipment (Year)	15 years
Building and Building Improvements [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Property, and equipment (Year)	18 years
Building and Building Improvements [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Property, and equipment (Year)	39 years

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Note B - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Sales (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2018	Jul. 31, 2017
Sales	$ 144,101	$ 128,274
Sales Used Autos [Member]
Sales	125,224	111,113
Wholesales Third Party [Member]
Sales	6,052	5,337
Service Contract Sales [Member]
Sales	7,328	6,904
Payment Protection Plan Revenue [Member]
Sales	$ 5,497	$ 4,920

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Note C - Finance Receivables, Net (Details Textual)			3 Months Ended
	May 31, 2016	May 30, 2016	Jul. 31, 2018	Jul. 31, 2017
Financing Receivable Interest Rate			16.30%
Finance Receivables, Weighted Average Interest Rate			16.30%
Finance Receivables, Number of Loan Classes			1
Finance Receivables, Number of Risk Pools			1
Net Charge Offs as Percentage of Average Finance Receivables			6.40%	6.40%
Collections as Percentage of Average Financing Receivables			13.10%	12.40%
Delinquencies Greater Than 30 Days as Percentage of Average Financing Receivables			3.50%	4.60%
Minimum [Member]
Financing Receivable Interest Rate			15.00%
Financing Receivable Payment Period			1 year 180 days
Maximum [Member]
Financing Receivable Interest Rate	16.50%	15.00%	16.50%
Financing Receivable Payment Period			3 years 180 days

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Note C - Finance Receivables, Net - Components of Finance Receivables (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jul. 31, 2018	Apr. 30, 2018	Jul. 31, 2017	Apr. 30, 2017
Gross contract amount	$ 606,396	$ 584,682
Less unearned finance charges	(85,576)	(83,244)
Principal balance	520,820	501,438	$ 483,719
Less allowance for credit losses	(122,447)	(117,821)	(113,733)	$ (109,693)
Finance receivables, net	$ 398,373	$ 383,617	$ 369,986	$ 357,161

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Note C - Finance Receivables, Net - Changes in Finance Receivables (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2018	Jul. 31, 2017
Balance	$ 383,617	$ 357,161
Finance receivable originations	134,261	118,953
Finance receivable collections	(66,740)	(58,934)
Provision for credit losses	(37,543)	(34,160)
Losses on claims for payment protection plan	(4,069)	(3,938)
Inventory acquired in repossession and payment protection plan claims	(11,153)	(9,096)
Balance	$ 398,373	$ 369,986

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Note C - Finance Receivables, Net - Changes in the Finance Receivables Allowance for Credit Losses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2018	Jul. 31, 2017
Balance	$ 117,821	$ 109,693
Provision for credit losses	37,543	34,160
Charge-offs, net of recovered collateral	(32,917)	(30,120)
Balance	$ 122,447	$ 113,733

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Note C - Finance Receivables, Net - Credit Quality Information for Finance Receivables (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jul. 31, 2018	Apr. 30, 2018	Jul. 31, 2017
Current, Principal Balance	$ 408,354	$ 424,511	$ 390,879
Current, Percent of Portfolio	78.40%	84.67%	80.81%
3 - 29 days past due, Principal Balance	$ 94,042	$ 59,544	$ 70,406
3 - 29 days past due, Percent of Portfolio	18.06%	11.87%	14.55%
30 - 60 days past due, Principal Balance	$ 14,377	$ 12,448	$ 17,328
30 - 60 days past due, Percent of Portfolio	2.76%	2.48%	3.58%
61 - 90 days past due, Principal Balance	$ 2,493	$ 3,331	$ 3,078
61 - 90 days past due, Percent of Portfolio	0.48%	0.66%	0.64%
> 90 days past due, Principal Balance	$ 1,554	$ 1,604	$ 2,028
> 90 days past due, Percent of Portfolio	0.30%	0.32%	0.42%
Total, Principal Balance	$ 520,820	$ 501,438	$ 483,719
Total, Percent of Portfolio	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%

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Note C - Finance Receivables, Net - Financing Receivables Analysis (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2018	Jul. 31, 2017
Principal collected as a percent of average finance receivables	13.10%	12.40%
Average down-payment percentage	6.10%	6.20%
Average originating contract term (Month)	2 years 171 days	2 years 174 days

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Note C - Finance Receivables, Net - Average Financing Receivable Contract Terms (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2018	Jul. 31, 2017
Portfolio weighted average contract term, including modifications (Month)	2 years 252 days	2 years 258 days

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Note D - Property and Equipment - Property and Equipment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jul. 31, 2018	Apr. 30, 2018
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization	$ (29,062)	$ (28,077)
Total	28,294	28,594
Land [Member]
Property and equipment	6,402	6,402
Building and Building Improvements [Member]
Property and equipment	11,594	11,569
Furniture, Fixtures and Equipment [Member]
Property and equipment	13,134	12,874
Leasehold Improvements [Member]
Property and equipment	24,834	24,567
Construction in Progress [Member]
Property and equipment	$ 1,392	$ 1,259

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Note E - Accrued Liabilities - Accrued Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jul. 31, 2018	Apr. 30, 2018
Employee compensation	$ 7,382	$ 6,539
Cash overdrafts (see Note B)	2,542	506
Deferred sales tax (see Note B)	3,588	3,270
Reserve for PPP claims	2,116	2,101
Interest	602
Other	4,009	3,544
Total	$ 20,239	$ 15,960

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Note F - Debt Facilities (Details Textual)								3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended	9 Months Ended	15 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2018 USD ($)	Apr. 30, 2018 USD ($)	Mar. 29, 2018	Oct. 25, 2017 USD ($)	Dec. 12, 2016 USD ($)	Oct. 31, 2016	Dec. 15, 2015 USD ($)	Jul. 31, 2018 USD ($)	Jul. 31, 2017 USD ($)	Oct. 24, 2017 USD ($)	Jul. 31, 2018 USD ($)	Jul. 31, 2018 USD ($)	Feb. 18, 2016 USD ($)
Amortization of Debt Issuance Costs and Discounts, Total								$ 69,000	$ 59,000
Debt Issuance Costs, Line of Credit Arrangements, Net, Total	$ 0	$ 103,000						0			$ 0	$ 0
Debt Issuance Costs, Gross	366,000	435,000						366,000			366,000	366,000
Capital Lease Obligations, Total	1,100,000	1,100,000						1,100,000			1,100,000	1,100,000
Capital Leases, Lessee Balance Sheet, Assets by Major Class, Accumulated Depreciation	54,000	14,000						54,000			54,000	54,000
Assets Held under Capital Leases [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Useful Life			3 years
Note Payable Related to the Property Purchase Agreement [Member]
Debt Instrument, Face Amount							$ 550,000
Debt Instrument, Periodic Payment, Total							$ 10,005
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage							3.50%
Long-term Debt, Total	278,000	$ 305,000						278,000			278,000	278,000
Revolving Credit Facility [Member]
Dividend Restrictions Maximum Aggregate Amount of Stock Repurchases				$ 50,000,000	$ 40,000,000
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity					200,000,000								$ 172,500,000
Line of Credit Facility, Additional Borrowing Capacity, Accordion Feature	$ 44,000,000				$ 50,000,000			$ 44,000,000			44,000,000	$ 44,000,000
Debt Agreement, Accounts Receivable Advances, Term Range One, Rate					55.00%	50.00%
Debt Agreement, Accounts Receivable Advances, Term Range Two, Rate					50.00%	45.00%
Line of Credit Facility, Distribution Limitations Percentage of Sum of Borrowing Bases				20.00%						25.00%		20.00%
Leverage Ratio, Maximum Threshold				1.75
Line of Credit Facility, Distribution Limitations, Maximum Aggregate Amount of Stock Repurchases										$ 40,000,000	$ 50,000,000
Line of Credit Facility, Distribution Limitations Percentage of Consolidated Net Income												75.00%
Line of Credit Facility Distribution Limitations Minimum Percentage of Aggregate Funds Available												12.50%
Revolving Credit Facility [Member] | London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) [Member]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate	4.43%	4.25%		2.35%
Revolving Credit Facility [Member] | Second Pricing Tier [Member]
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Increase (Decrease)				(0.025%)
Revolving Credit Facility [Member] | Third Pricing Tier [Member]
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Increase (Decrease)				(0.125%)
Revolving Credit Facility [Member] | Fourth Pricing Tier [Member] | London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) [Member]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate				2.875%
Revolving Credit Facility [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Debt Agreement, Accounts Receivable Advances, Term Range One					3 years 30 days
Debt Agreement, Accounts Receivable Advances, Term Range Two					3 years 210 days
Revolving Credit Facility [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Debt Agreement, Accounts Receivable Advances, Term Range One					3 years 180 days
Debt Agreement, Accounts Receivable Advances, Term Range Two					5 years

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Note F - Debt Facilities - Summary of Debt Facilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jul. 31, 2018	Apr. 30, 2018
Debt issuance costs	$ (366)	$ (435)
Debt facilities	155,135	152,367
Line of Credit [Member]
Debt facilities, gross	154,173	151,380
Notes Payable [Member]
Debt facilities, gross	278	305
Capital Lease Obligations [Member]
Debt facilities, gross	$ 1,050	$ 1,117

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Note G - Fair Value Measurements (Details Textual)	1 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2012
Fair Value Inputs, Discount Rate, Intercompany Transactions	38.50%
Minimum [Member] | Measurement Input, Discount Rate [Member]
Receivables, Measurement Input	0.35
Maximum [Member] | Measurement Input, Discount Rate [Member]
Receivables, Measurement Input	0.4

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Note G - Fair Value Measurements - Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jul. 31, 2018	Apr. 30, 2018
Reported Value Measurement [Member]
Cash	$ 841	$ 1,022
Finance receivables, net	398,373	383,617
Accounts payable	14,398	13,609
Debt facilities	155,135	152,367
Estimate of Fair Value Measurement [Member]
Cash	841	1,022
Finance receivables, net	320,304	308,384
Accounts payable	14,398	13,609
Debt facilities	$ 155,135	$ 152,367

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Note H - Weighted Average Shares Outstanding - Weighted Average Shares of Common Stock Outstanding (Details) - shares	3 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2018	Jul. 31, 2017
Weighted average shares outstanding-basic (in shares)	6,924,035	7,548,846
Dilutive options and restricted stock (in shares)	202,650	219,464
Weighted average shares outstanding-diluted (in shares)	7,126,685	7,768,310
Employee Stock Option [Member]
Antidilutive securities not included:
Antidilutive securities (in shares)	120,000	337,750
Restricted Stock [Member]
Antidilutive securities not included:
Antidilutive securities (in shares)		34,000

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Note I - Stock-based Compensation (Details Textual) - USD ($)			1 Months Ended		3 Months Ended		15 Months Ended
	Aug. 29, 2018	Aug. 05, 2015	Aug. 31, 2015	May 31, 2015	Jul. 31, 2018	Jul. 31, 2017	Jul. 31, 2018
Allocated Share-based Compensation Expense, Total					$ 1,094,000	$ 626,000
Allocated Share-based Compensation Expense, Net of Tax					831,000	393,000
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Intrinsic Value					$ 13,500,000	9,500,000	$ 13,500,000
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Vested and Expected to Vest, Exercisable, Number					240,750		240,750
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Vested and Expected to Vest, Exercisable, Aggregate Intrinsic Value					$ 7,000,000		$ 7,000,000
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Vested and Expected to Vest, Exercisable, Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term					3 years 324 days
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Vested and Expected to Vest, Exercisable, Weighted Average Exercise Price					$ 34.98		$ 34.98
Employee Stock Option [Member]
Allocated Share-based Compensation Expense, Total					$ 841,000	551,000
Allocated Share-based Compensation Expense, Net of Tax					$ 639,000	$ 345,000
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Gross					145,000	25,000
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Grant Date Fair Value					$ 3,000,000	$ 336,000
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Nonvested Awards, Compensation Cost Not yet Recognized, Total					$ 3,800,000		$ 3,800,000
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Nonvested Awards, Compensation Cost Not yet Recognized, Period for Recognition					2 years 255 days
Performance Shares [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Gross			40,000	91,125
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Not Currently Expected to Vest Awards, Compensation Cost Not yet Recognized					$ 1,000,000		$ 1,000,000
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Not Currently Expected to Vest, Outstanding, Number					61,000		61,000
Restated Option Plan [Member]
Common Stock, Capital Shares Reserved for Future Issuance		1,800,000
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Number of Shares Available for Grant					98,500		98,500
Restated Option Plan [Member] | Employee Stock Option [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Expiration Period		10 years
Restated Option Plan [Member] | Subsequent Event [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Number of Additional Shares Authorized	200,000
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Number of Shares Authorized	2,000,000
Stock Incentive Plan [Member]
Allocated Share-based Compensation Expense, Total					$ 247,000	71,000
Allocated Share-based Compensation Expense, Net of Tax					188,000	$ 45,000
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Nonvested Awards, Compensation Cost Not yet Recognized, Total					$ 7,500,000		$ 7,500,000
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Nonvested Awards, Compensation Cost Not yet Recognized, Period for Recognition					7 years 328 days
Stock Incentive Plan [Member] | Restricted Stock [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Grants in Period					3,000		34,500
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Number of Shares Available for Grant					6,027		6,027
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Number, Ending Balance					181,000		181,000
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Grants in Period, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value					$ 46.13
Stock Incentive Plan [Member] | Subsequent Event [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Number of Additional Shares Authorized	100,000
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Number of Shares Authorized	450,000

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Note I - Stock-based Compensation - Stock Option Plan Comparison (Details) - Restated Option Plan [Member]	3 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2018 shares
Minimum exercise price as a percentage of fair market value at date of grant	100.00%
Last expiration date for outstanding options	May 08, 2028
Shares available for grant (in shares)	98,500

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Note I - Stock-based Compensation - Options Valuation Assumptions (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2018	Jul. 31, 2017
Expected term (years) (Year)	5 years 182 days	5 years 182 days
Risk-free interest rate	2.78%	1.81%
Volatility	36.00%	36.00%
Dividend yield

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Note I - Stock-based Compensation - Options Exercised (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2018	Jul. 31, 2017
Options exercised (in shares)	162,250	35,250
Cash received from option exercises	$ 3,259	$ 543
Intrinsic value of options exercised	$ 5,508	$ 784

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Note J - Commitments and Contingencies (Details Textual) $ in Millions	Jul. 31, 2018 USD ($)
Letters of Credit Outstanding, Amount	$ 1

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Note K - Supplemental Cash Flow Information - Supplemental Cash Flow Disclosures (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2018	Jul. 31, 2017
Supplemental disclosures:
Interest paid	$ 1,202	$ 1,172
Income taxes paid (refunds received), net	(50)	147
Non-cash transactions:
Inventory acquired in repossession and payment protection plan claims	11,153	9,096
Net settlement option exercises	$ 1,417