<?xml version="1.0"?>
<ownershipDocument>

    <schemaVersion>X0306</schemaVersion>

    <documentType>4</documentType>

    <periodOfReport>2013-06-04</periodOfReport>

    <issuer>
        <issuerCik>0000799729</issuerCik>
        <issuerName>PAREXEL INTERNATIONAL CORP</issuerName>
        <issuerTradingSymbol>PRXL</issuerTradingSymbol>
    </issuer>

    <reportingOwner>
        <reportingOwnerId>
            <rptOwnerCik>0001007706</rptOwnerCik>
            <rptOwnerName>VON RICKENBACH JOSEF H</rptOwnerName>
        </reportingOwnerId>
        <reportingOwnerAddress>
            <rptOwnerStreet1>PAREXEL INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION</rptOwnerStreet1>
            <rptOwnerStreet2>195 WEST STREET</rptOwnerStreet2>
            <rptOwnerCity>WALTHAM</rptOwnerCity>
            <rptOwnerState>MA</rptOwnerState>
            <rptOwnerZipCode>02451</rptOwnerZipCode>
            <rptOwnerStateDescription></rptOwnerStateDescription>
        </reportingOwnerAddress>
        <reportingOwnerRelationship>
            <isDirector>1</isDirector>
            <isOfficer>1</isOfficer>
            <officerTitle>Chairman &amp; CEO</officerTitle>
        </reportingOwnerRelationship>
    </reportingOwner>

    <nonDerivativeTable>
        <nonDerivativeTransaction>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Phantom Stock</value>
                <footnoteId id="F1"/>
            </securityTitle>
            <transactionDate>
                <value>2013-06-04</value>
            </transactionDate>
            <transactionCoding>
                <transactionFormType>4</transactionFormType>
                <transactionCode>D</transactionCode>
                <equitySwapInvolved>0</equitySwapInvolved>
            </transactionCoding>
            <transactionTimeliness></transactionTimeliness>
            <transactionAmounts>
                <transactionShares>
                    <value>68572</value>
                </transactionShares>
                <transactionPricePerShare>
                    <value>46.11</value>
                </transactionPricePerShare>
                <transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
                    <value>D</value>
                </transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
            </transactionAmounts>
            <postTransactionAmounts>
                <sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
                    <value>0</value>
                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
            </postTransactionAmounts>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>D</value>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </nonDerivativeTransaction>
    </nonDerivativeTable>

    <footnotes>
        <footnote id="F1">On May 29, 2013, the Compensation Committee of PAREXEL International Corporation (the &quot;Company&quot;) approved an amendment to the Company's Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Plan (the Plan&quot;), pursuant to which contributions to the Plan originally made in shares of the Company's common stock can be held other than in shares of the Company's common stock.  On June 4, 2013, the Company redeemed for cash 68,572 shares of common stock held in the Plan for the benefit of the reporting person at a price equal to the prior day's closing price of the Company's common stock on the NASDAQ Global Select Market.</footnote>
    </footnotes>

    <ownerSignature>
        <signatureName>/s/Douglas A. Batt, Attorney-In-Fact</signatureName>
        <signatureDate>2013-06-06</signatureDate>
    </ownerSignature>
</ownershipDocument>
